𝑳𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬 𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴

If 𝑓(𝑡) is a function of t satisfying certain conditions then the definite integral

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

is called as Laplace Transform of 𝑓(𝑡) and it is denoted by 𝐹(𝑠)

Example1
Find the Laplace transform of 𝑓(𝑡) where
𝑓(𝑡) = 3 0 < 𝑡 < 5
=0 𝑡>5
Solution:
We know that
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

5 ∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 3𝑑𝑡 + ∫5 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 0 𝑑𝑡

5
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= 3[ ] +0
−𝑠 0

𝑒 −5𝑠 1
= 3[ − ( )]
−𝑠 −𝑠

𝑒 −5𝑠 1
= 3[ + ]
−𝑠 𝑠

3
= 𝑠 (1 − 𝑒 −5𝑠 )

EM III_SMITA N 1
Example2
Find the Laplace transform of 𝑓(𝑡) where
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 0 < 𝑡 < 2𝜋
=0 𝑡 > 2𝜋
Solution:

We know that
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

2𝜋 ∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑑𝑡 + ∫2𝜋 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 0 𝑑𝑡

𝑒 𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

2𝜋
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
=[ 2 (−𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 ] + 0
𝑠 + 22 0

𝑒 −2𝜋𝑠 1
= 𝑠2 +22 (−𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋) − (−𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠0)
𝑠2 +22

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝜋 = 0 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 = (−1)𝑛

𝑒 −2𝜋𝑠 1
= 𝑠2 +22 (0 − 2) − (0 − 2)
𝑠2 +22

2 𝑒 −2𝜋𝑠 2(1−𝑒 −2𝜋𝑠 )

= − 2 𝑠2 +22 =
𝑠2 +22 𝑠2 +4

EM III_SMITA N 2
Example 3
Find the Laplace transform of 𝑓(𝑡) where
𝑓(𝑡) = (𝑡 − 1)3 𝑡 > 1
=0 0<𝑡<1

Solution:
We know that
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0
1 ∞

= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 0 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑡 − 1)3 𝑑𝑡

0 1

Put 𝑡 − 1 = 𝑢
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢

t 1 ∞
u 0 ∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠(𝑢+1) 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
0
∞

= 𝑒 −𝑠 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑢 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
0
∞

𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑡 = 𝛤𝑛

0

Put 𝑠𝑢 = 𝑣
𝑠𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑣
u 0 ∞
v 0 ∞

EM III_SMITA N 3
 ∞
−𝑠 −𝑣
𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣
=𝑒 ∫𝑒
𝑠3 𝑠
0

∞
𝑒 −𝑠
= 4 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑣 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣
𝑠
0

𝑒 −𝑠
= 𝛤4
𝑠4

𝑒 −𝑠
= 3!
𝑠4

𝑒 −𝑠
=6
𝑠4

LINEARITY PROPERTY
If 𝑘1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝐿[𝑘1 𝑓1 (𝑡) + 𝑘2 𝑓2 (𝑡)] = 𝑘1 𝐿[𝑓1 (𝑡)]+ 𝑘2 𝐿[𝑓2 (𝑡)]

LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS

𝑘
1) 𝐿[𝑘] = 𝑠

Proof
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0
∞

𝐿[𝑘] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
0

∞
=𝑘 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡

∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= 𝑘 [ −𝑠 ]
0

We know that 𝑒 −∞ = 0

EM III_SMITA N 4
 1
= 𝑘[0 − ( )]
−𝑠
𝑘
= 𝑠

𝑘
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑘] =
𝑠

1
2) 𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] = 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠 > 𝑎

Proof
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

∞
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡

∞
= ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎)𝑡 𝑑𝑡

∞
𝑒 −(𝑠−𝑎)𝑡
=[ ]
−(𝑠 − 𝑎) 0

1
=
𝑠−𝑎

1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] =
𝑠−𝑎

1
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ] =
𝑠+𝑎

1
3) 𝐿[1] = 𝑠
Proof

Put a=0 in property 2 we get the result

EM III_SMITA N 5
 𝑎
4) 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] = 𝑠2 +𝑎2 𝑎 > 0

Proof

∞
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

∞
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡

∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
=[ 2 (−𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 ]
𝑠 + 𝑎2 0

𝑒 −∞ = 0

𝑎
= 0 − (− 𝑠2 +𝑎2 )

𝑎
= 𝑠2 +𝑎2

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2

𝑠
5) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = 𝑠2+𝑎2

Proof

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡

0

EM III_SMITA N 6
 ∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
=[ 2 (−𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 ]
𝑠 + 𝑎2 0

𝑒 −∞ = 0

𝑠
= 0 − (− )
𝑠2 + 𝑎2
𝑠
=
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2
𝑎
6) 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2
Proof

𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ]]
2

1 1 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎

1 (𝑠 + 𝑎) − (𝑠 − 𝑎)
= [ ]
2 (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 + 𝑎)

1 2𝑎
= [ 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 𝑎2

𝑎
=
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

EM III_SMITA N 7
 𝑠
7) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2
Proof

𝑒 𝑎𝑡 +𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ]]
2

1 1 1
= [ + ]
2 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎

1 (𝑠 + 𝑎) + (𝑠 − 𝑎)
= [ ]
2 (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 + 𝑎)

1 2𝑠
= [ 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 𝑎2

𝑠
=
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
8) 𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1
Proof
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑡 𝑛 𝑑𝑡
0

Put 𝑠𝑡 = 𝑣
𝑠𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑣

EM III_SMITA N 8
t 0 ∞
v 0 ∞

∞
𝑣 𝑛 𝑑𝑣
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑣
𝑠𝑛 𝑠
0

∞
1
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑣 𝑣 𝑛 𝑑𝑣
𝑠 𝑛+1
0

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
=
𝑠 𝑛+1

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

𝑘
𝐿[𝑘] =
𝑠

1
𝐿[1] =
𝑠

1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] =
𝑠−𝑎
𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

EM III_SMITA N 9
Example
1) Find 𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 + 4𝑡 3 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
Solution:
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 + 4𝑡 3 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

= 𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 ] + 𝐿[4𝑡 3 ] − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = sin (𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin (𝐴 − 𝐵)

1 𝛤(3 + 1) 1
= +4 − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡 + 3𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡 − 3𝑡)]
𝑠−2 𝑠 3+1 2

1 𝛤(4) 1
= + 4 4 − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑡)]
𝑠−2 𝑠 2

1 3! 1
= + 4 4 − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(5𝑡) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡)]
𝑠−2 𝑠 2

1 6 1 5 1
= +4 4− [ 2 − ]
𝑠−2 𝑠 2 𝑠 + 52 𝑠 2 + 12

2) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡]

Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 =
4

𝑐𝑜𝑠3(2𝑡) + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡 =
4

EM III_SMITA N 10
 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡 =
4

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
4

1 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 + 3 ]
4 𝑠 + 62 𝑠 2 + 22

1 𝑠(𝑠 2 + 22 ) + 3𝑠(𝑠 2 + 62 )
= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 + 62 )(𝑠 2 + 22 )

1 𝑠(𝑠 2 + 4 + 3𝑠 2 + 108)
= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 + 62 )(𝑠 2 + 22 )

1 𝑠(4𝑠 2 + 112)
= [ 2 ]
4 (𝑠 + 62 )(𝑠 2 + 22 )

𝑠(𝑠 2 + 28)
=
(𝑠 2 + 62 )(𝑠 2 + 22 )

3) 𝐿[√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

Solution:

𝐿[√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
= 𝐿 [√𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ]
2 2 2 2

𝑡 𝑡 2
= 𝐿[ √ (𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) ]
2 2

EM III_SMITA N 11
 𝑡 𝑡
= 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ]
2 2

1/2 𝑠
= 2 +
1 1 2
𝑠 2 + (2) 𝑠 2 + (2)

4) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡]

Solution:
𝐿[ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡]

5
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝐿[ ( ) ]
2

Pascal’s Triangle
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1

1
= 25 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 )5 + 5(𝑒 𝑡 )4 (𝑒 −𝑡 ) + 10(𝑒 𝑡 )3 (𝑒 −𝑡 )2 + 10(𝑒 𝑡 )2 (𝑒 −𝑡 )3 + 5(𝑒 𝑡 )(𝑒 −𝑡 )4 + (𝑒 −𝑡 )5 ]

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 5𝑡 + 5𝑒 4𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 + 10𝑒 3𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 10𝑒 2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 + 5𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
25

1
= 5
𝐿[𝑒 5𝑡 + 5𝑒 3𝑡 + 10𝑒 𝑡 + 10𝑒 −𝑡 + 5𝑒 −3𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
2

1
= 𝑙[(𝑒 5𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ) + 5(𝑒 3𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 ) + 10(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 )]
25

1
= 𝐿[(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5𝑡) + 5(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡) + 10(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡)]
25
EM III_SMITA N 12
 1
= 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5𝑡) + 5(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡) + 10(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡)]
24

1 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 + 5 + 10 ]
16 𝑠 − 52 𝑠 2 − 32 𝑠 2 − 12

𝑠 1 5 10
= [ 2 + 2 + 2 ]
16 𝑠 − 25 𝑠 − 9 𝑠 − 1

5) 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑡]
Solution:
𝑒 𝑖𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡

𝑒 𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 =
2

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑖𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡

𝑒 𝑖𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 =
2𝑖

𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛6 𝑡]

6
𝑒 𝑖𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡
= 𝐿[ ( ) ]
2𝑖

Pascal’s Triangle

EM III_SMITA N 13
 1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1

1 5 4 2 3 3
= (2𝑖)6 𝐿 [(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 )6 − 6(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 ) (𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 ) + 15(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 ) (𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 ) − 20(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 ) (𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 ) +
2 4 5
15(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 ) (𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 ) − 6(𝑒 𝑖𝑡 )(𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 ) + (𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 )6 ]

1
= 6
𝐿[𝑒 6𝑖𝑡 − 6𝑒 5𝑖𝑡 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 + 15𝑒 4𝑖𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑖𝑡 − 20𝑒 3𝑖𝑡 𝑒 −𝑖3𝑡 + 15𝑒 2𝑖𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑖𝑡 − 6𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑒 −5𝑖𝑡
(2𝑖)
+ 𝑒 −6𝑖𝑡 ]

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 6𝑖𝑡 − 6𝑒 4𝑖𝑡 + 15𝑒 2𝑖𝑡 − 20 + 15𝑒 −2𝑖𝑡 − 6𝑒 −4𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −6𝑖𝑡 ]
(2𝑖)6

1
= 𝑙[(𝑒 6𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −6𝑖𝑡 ) − 6(𝑒 4𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑖𝑡 ) + 15(𝑒 2𝑖𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑖𝑡 ) + 20]
26 𝑖 6

1
=− 𝐿[(2𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡) − 6(2𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) + 15(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 20]
26

1
=− 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡) − 6(𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) + 15(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 10]
25

1 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 10
=− [ 2 2
−6 2 2
+ 15 2 2
+ ]
32 𝑠 + 6 𝑠 +4 𝑠 +2 𝑠

6) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

Solution:

2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = cos (𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos (𝐴 − 𝐵)

EM III_SMITA N 14
 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

1
= 𝐿[[𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 + 2𝑡) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 2𝑡)]𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[[𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑡) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡)]𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (3𝑡) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
2

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 1 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
2

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 3𝑡 =
2

1 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡 1
= 𝐿[ + [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 + 3𝑡) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 3𝑡)]]
2 2 2

1
= 𝐿[1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
4

1 1 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
= [ + 2 2
+ 2 2
+ 2 ]
4 𝑠 𝑠 +6 𝑠 +4 𝑠 + 22

7) 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 3𝑡]
Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

EM III_SMITA N 15
 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃
4𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃]
4
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 3𝑡 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3(3𝑡) − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(3𝑡)]
4

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 3𝑡 = = [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ9𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 3𝑡] = = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ9𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡]
4

1 9 3
= [ 2 − 3 ]
4 𝑠 − 92 𝑠 2 − 32

1 9(𝑠 2 − 32 ) − 9(𝑠 2 − 92 )
= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 − 92 )(𝑠 2 − 32 )

1 9(𝑠 2 − 9) − 9(𝑠 2 − 81)

= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

1 (9𝑠 2 − 81) − (9𝑠 2 − 729)

= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

1 9𝑠 2 − 81 − 9𝑠 2 + 729
= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

1 −81 + 729
= [ 2 ]
4 (𝑠 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

1 648
= [ 2 ]
4 (𝑠 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

EM III_SMITA N 16
 162
=
(𝑠 2 − 81)(𝑠 2 − 9 )

8) 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡)𝑛

Solution:

𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 =
2

𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 =
2

𝑛
𝑛
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡) = ( + )
2 2

𝑛
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡
=( )
2

𝑛
2𝑒 𝑡
=( )
2

= (𝑒 𝑡 )𝑛

= (𝑒 𝑛𝑡 )

(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡)𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑛𝑡

𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡)𝑛 ] = 𝐿[𝑒 𝑛𝑡 ]

1
=
𝑠−𝑛

EM III_SMITA N 17
 9) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛽)]
Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵

𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽

𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝛽)] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽]

= 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽] − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽]

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡] − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡]

𝑠 𝜔
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
𝑠2 + 𝜔2 𝑠2 + 𝜔2
1 + 2𝑡
10) 𝐿 [ ]
√𝑡

Solution:
1 + 2𝑡 1 2𝑡
= +
√𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡

1 + 2𝑡 1
= 𝑡 −2 + 2 √𝑡
√𝑡

1 + 2𝑡 1
𝐿[ ] = 𝐿[𝑡 −2 + 2√𝑡]
√𝑡

1 + 2𝑡 1
𝐿[ ] = 𝐿[𝑡 −2 ] + 2𝐿[√𝑡]
√𝑡

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

EM III_SMITA N 18
 1 1
𝛤(− + 1) 𝛤( + 1)
= 2 +2 2
1 1
𝑠 −2+1 𝑠 2+1

1 3
𝛤 (2) 𝛤 (2)
= 1 +2 3
𝑠2 𝑠2

1
𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2

𝛤(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛𝛤𝑛 (𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)

3 1 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = 𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2 2 2 2

1 3
1 + 2𝑡 𝛤 (2 ) 𝛤 (2 )
𝐿[ ]= 1 +2 3
√𝑡 𝑠2 𝑠2

1
1 + 2𝑡 √𝜋 √𝜋
𝐿[ ]= 1 + 22 3
√𝑡 𝑠2 𝑠2

1 + 2𝑡 √𝜋 √𝜋
𝐿[ ]= 1 + 3
√𝑡 𝑠2 𝑠2

1 + 2𝑡 𝜋 1
𝐿[ ] = √ (1 + )
√𝑡 𝑠 𝑠

11) 𝐿[𝑡 2 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡]

Solution:

𝐿[𝑡 2 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑡 2 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 ] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡]

EM III_SMITA N 19
 𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

𝛤(2 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠 2+1

𝛤(3)
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠3

𝛤(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛! (𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟)

2!
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠3

2
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] = … … … … … . . (1)
𝑠3

1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 ] =
𝑠−𝑎

1
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 ] = … … … … … (2)
𝑠+2

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝜃 − 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃 + 1 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝜃

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝜃 =
2

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2(3𝑡)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡 =
2

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(6𝑡)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡 =
2

EM III_SMITA N 20
 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(6𝑡)
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(6𝑡)]
2

1
= [𝐿[1] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(6𝑡)]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ + 2 ] … … … … . . (3)
2 𝑠 𝑠 − 62

Substituting (1),(2) and (3) in

𝐿[𝑡 2 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 ] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡]

2 1 1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑡 2 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 3𝑡] = 3
− + [ + 2 ]
𝑠 𝑠 + 2 2 𝑠 𝑠 − 62

3
1
12) 𝐿 [(√𝑡 ± ) ]
√𝑡
Solution:
3
1 2 1 1 2 1 3
(√𝑡 ± ) = (√𝑡)3 ± 3(√𝑡) ( ) + 3√𝑡 ( ) ± ( )
√𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡

3
1 2 1 1 2 1 3
𝐿 [(√𝑡 ± ) ] = 𝐿 [(√𝑡)3 ± 3(√𝑡) ( ) + 3√𝑡 ( ) ± ( ) ]
√𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡

2 3
3 2 1 1 1
= 𝐿[(√𝑡) ] + 3𝐿 [(√𝑡) ( )] + 3𝐿 [√𝑡 ( ) ] ± 𝐿 [( ) ]
√𝑡 √𝑡 √𝑡

3 1 −1 −3
= 𝐿 [(𝑡)2 ] + 3𝐿 [(𝑡)2 ] + 3𝐿 [(𝑡) 2 ] ± 𝐿 [(𝑡) 2 ]

EM III_SMITA N 21
 𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

3 1 −1 −3
𝛤 (2 + 1) 𝛤 (2 + 1) 𝛤 ( 2 + 1) 𝛤 ( 2 + 1)
= 3 + 1 + +
−1 −3
𝑠 2+1 𝑠 2+1 𝑠 2
+1
𝑠 2
+1

5 3 1 −1
𝛤 (2) 𝛤 (2 ) 𝛤 (2) 𝛤( 2 )
= 5 + 3 + 1 + −1
𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠 2

1
𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2

𝛤(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛𝛤𝑛 (𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)

3 1 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = 𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2 2 2 2

5 3 1 1 3
𝛤 ( ) = ( ) ( ) 𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2 2 2 2 4

𝛤(𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛𝛤𝑛

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝛤𝑛 =
𝑛

−1
−1 𝛤 ( 2 + 1)
𝛤( ) =
2 −1
2

1
𝛤 (2 )
=
−1
2

√𝜋
= = −2√𝜋
−1
2

EM III_SMITA N 22
 3 1
4 √𝜋 2 √𝜋 √𝜋 −2√𝜋
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 == 5 + 3 + 1 + −1
𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠2

13) Find 𝐿[(𝑡 2 + 𝑎2 )2

𝑎2 𝑠4 +4𝑎𝑠2 +24
Ans: 𝑠5

14) 𝐿[2𝑡 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 ]

6 𝑠 1
Ans: 2 𝑠4 + 𝑠2 +16 + 𝑠+2

15) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑏𝑡]

1 1 𝑠
Ans: 2 [𝑠 + 𝑠2 +16𝑏2]

16)𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
1 1 𝑠 𝑠
Ans:𝑠−1 + 2 [𝑠2 +1 − 𝑠2 +25]

17) 𝐿[3𝑡 2+ 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑡]

2 1 3 2 1 6
Ans: : 3 𝑠3 + 𝑠+1 + 4 𝑠2 +4 − 4 𝑠2 +36

18)𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑡]
𝑠 1 5 10
Ans: 16 [𝑠2+25 + 𝑠2 +9 + 𝑠2 +1]

19) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4 𝑡]
1 3 4𝑠 𝑠
Ans: : [ + 𝑠2 −4 + 𝑠2 −16]
8 𝑠

EM III_SMITA N 23
 20) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 3

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 3
0

𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 ]

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 1 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
2

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃] = 𝐿[1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃]
2

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃] = [𝐿[1] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃]]
2

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃] = [𝐿[1] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃]]
2

1
𝐿[1] =
𝑠

EM III_SMITA N 24
 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2

1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃] = [ + 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 3 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 1 3 11
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ + 2 2
]=
0 2 3 3 +2 39

21) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 4

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 4
0
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 ]

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 = [ 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = 𝐿[ 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
4

EM III_SMITA N 25
 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = [𝐿[ 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]
4

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2

1 1 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = [3 2 − ]
4 𝑠 + 12 𝑠 2 + 32

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 4 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 3 3 6
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 2
− 2 2
]=
0 4 4 +1 4 +3 425

22) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 5

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 5
0
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡 ]

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃

4𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝜃 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝜃 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃]
4
EM III_SMITA N 26
 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡] = = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡]
4
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡] = = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑡] − 3𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡]]
4

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 − 𝑎2

1 3 1
= [ 2 − 3 ]
4 𝑠 − 32 𝑠 2 − 12

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 5 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 3 3 1
∫ 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 2
− 2 2
]=
0 4 5 −3 5 −1 64

23) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 4

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 4
0

EM III_SMITA N 27
 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡 ]

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝜃 =
4

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡 =
4

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡 =
4

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡]
4

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

1 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 2
+3 2 ]
4 𝑠 −3 𝑠 − 12

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 4 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 4 3(4) 12
∫ 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 + ] =
0 4 4 − 32 42 − 12 35

24) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 5 𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

EM III_SMITA N 28
 By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 3

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 5 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡 5 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 3
0

𝐿[𝑡 5 ]

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

𝛤(5 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 5 ] =
𝑠 5+1

𝛤(6)
=
𝑠6
5!
=
𝑠6

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 3

5! 40
𝐿[𝑡 5 ] = =
36 243

∞ 3
25) If ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)𝑑𝑡 = 8 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝛼

Solution:
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

EM III_SMITA N 29
 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼) ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 2
0

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵)

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼 + 𝑡 − 𝛼) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼 − (𝑡 − 𝛼))]]
2
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼)]]
2
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑡)] + 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼)]]
2
𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] = 2
𝑠 + 𝑎2
1 2
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [ 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼)𝐿[1]]
2 𝑠 + 22
1 2 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [ 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) ]
2 𝑠 + 22 𝑠
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2

1 2 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] = [ 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) ]
2 2 + 22 2
3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + 𝛼)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 𝛼)] == (𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛)
8
1 2 1 3
[ 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) ] =
2 2 + 22 2 8
1 1 3
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) =
8 4 8
1 3 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) = −
4 8 8
1 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) =
4 8
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝛼) = 1
𝜋
2𝛼 =
2

EM III_SMITA N 30
 𝜋
𝛼=
4

26) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 5

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 2
0
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 ]

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 = [3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃]
4
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 = [3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = = 𝐿[3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
4
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = = [𝐿[3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]
4

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 𝑎2

1 3 3
= [ 2 − 2 ]
4 𝑠 + 1 𝑠 + 32

EM III_SMITA N 31
 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 3 3 6
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 − 2 ] =
0 4 2 +1 2 + 32 65

27) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 3

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 ] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 3
0
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 ]

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 =
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 =
4
1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
4
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = 2
𝑠 + 𝑎2

1 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 2
+3 2 ]
4 𝑠 +3 𝑠 + 12

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 3 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

EM III_SMITA N 32
 ∞
1 3 3(3) 4
∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 + ] =
0 4 3 + 32 32 + 12 15

28) Evaluate by Laplace transform

∞
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

Hence
∞
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 ]
0

𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 ]

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 =
2
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = 𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = 2
𝑠 + 𝑎2

1 1 𝑠
= [ + 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

∞
1 1 2 1
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ + 2 2
]=
0 2 2 2 +2 8

EM III_SMITA N 33
 ∞
29) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡𝑑𝑡 using Laplace transform.

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

∞
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡]
0

𝐿[ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡]

5
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝐿[ ( ) ]
2

Pascal’s Triangle
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1

1
= 25 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 )5 + 5(𝑒 𝑡 )4 (𝑒 −𝑡 ) + 10(𝑒 𝑡 )3 (𝑒 −𝑡 )2 + 10(𝑒 𝑡 )2 (𝑒 −𝑡 )3 + 5(𝑒 𝑡 )(𝑒 −𝑡 )4 + (𝑒 −𝑡 )5 ]

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 5𝑡 + 5𝑒 4𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 + 10𝑒 3𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 10𝑒 2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 + 5𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
25
1
= 𝐿[𝑒 5𝑡 + 5𝑒 3𝑡 + 10𝑒 𝑡 + 10𝑒 −𝑡 + 5𝑒 −3𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
25
1
= 𝑙[(𝑒 5𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ) + 5(𝑒 3𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 ) + 10(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 )]
25
1
= 𝐿[(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5𝑡) + 5(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡) + 10(2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡)]
25

EM III_SMITA N 34
 1
= 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5𝑡) + 5(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡) + 10(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡)]
24
1 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 2
+5 2 2
+ 10 2 ]
16 𝑠 − 5 𝑠 −3 𝑠 − 12
𝑠 1 5 10
= [ 2 + 2 + 2 ]
16 𝑠 − 25 𝑠 − 9 𝑠 − 1

Put 𝑠 = 2
∞
2 1 5 10 2
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ5 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = [ 2 + 2 + 2 ]=
0 16 2 − 25 2 − 9 2 − 1 7

30) 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡]
Solution:

𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥7
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 − + − + ⋯
3! 5! 7!

3 5
(√𝑡) (√𝑡) (√𝑡)7
𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡 = √𝑡 − + − +⋯
3! 5! 7!

1/2
𝑡 3/2 𝑡 5/2 𝑡 7/2
𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡 = 𝑡 − + − +⋯
3! 5! 7!

𝑡 3/2 𝑡 5/2 𝑡 7/2

𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡] = 𝐿 [𝑡1/2 − + − +⋯]
3! 5! 7!

1 1 3 1 5 1 7
= 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] − 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] + 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] − 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] + ⋯
3! 5! 7!

𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1

1 3 5 7
𝛤( +1) 1 𝛤( +1)
2 2 1 𝛤(2+1) 1 𝛤(2+1)
= -3! + − + ⋯
1
+1
3
+1
5
5! 2+1 7! 72+1
𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠

EM III_SMITA N 35
 3 5 7 9
𝛤( ) 13 𝛤( )
2 2 1 𝛤(2) 1 𝛤(2)
= 3 - 3! 5 + 5! 7 − 7! 9 +⋯
𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠2 𝑠2

3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = 𝛤( )
2 2 2

5 3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = . 𝛤( )
2 2 2 2

7 5 3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = . . 𝛤( )
2 2 2 2 2

1 1
𝛤( ) 1 3 15 3
= 2 32 [1 − + . −⋯]
3! 2𝑠 5! 2 2𝑠 2
𝑠 2

1
𝛤 ( ) = √𝜋
2
1
√𝜋 1 3 1 5 3
= 2 3 [1 − + . −⋯]
3.2 2𝑠 5.4.3.2 2 2𝑠 2
𝑠 2

√𝜋 1 1 1
= 3 [1 − + . −⋯]
4𝑠 2 (4𝑠)2
2𝑠 2

𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4
𝑒 = 1+ 𝑥+ + − +⋯
2! 3! 4!

−1 1 1 1 2
𝑒 4𝑠 = 1 − + ( ) +⋯
4𝑠 2! 4𝑠

√𝜋 −1
= 3𝑒
4𝑠
2𝑠 2

EM III_SMITA N 36
 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡
31) 𝐿 [ ]
√𝑡

Solution:

𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥6
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 − + − +⋯
2! 4! 6!

𝑡 𝑡2 𝑡3
𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 = 1 − + − +⋯
2! 4! 6!

𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 𝑡 1/2 𝑡 3/2 𝑡 5/2

=+ 𝑡 −1/2 − + − +⋯
√𝑡 2! 4! 6!

𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 𝑡 1/2 𝑡 3/2 𝑡 5/2

𝐿[ ] =L [𝑡 −1/2 − + − +⋯]
√𝑡 2! 4! 6!

1 1 1 1 3 1 5
= 𝐿 [𝑡 −2 ] − 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] + 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] − 𝐿 [𝑡 2 ] + ⋯
2! 4! 6!

1 1 3 5
𝛤(− 2 + 1) 1 𝛤(2 + 1) 1 𝛤(2 + 1) 1 𝛤 (2 + 1)
−1 − 1 + 3 − 5 +⋯
+1 2! 4! 6!
𝑠 2 𝑠 2+1 𝑠 2+1 𝑠 2+1

1 3 5 7
𝛤(2) 1 𝛤(2) 1 𝛤(2) 1 𝛤 (2)
= 1 − + − +⋯
2! 32 4! 52 6! 72
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = 𝛤( )
2 2 2

5 3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = . 𝛤( )
2 2 2 2

7 5 3 1 1
𝛤 ( ) = . . 𝛤( )
2 2 2 2 2

EM III_SMITA N 37
 1
𝛤( ) 1 11 1 3 1 1
= 12 [1 − + . . −⋯]
2! 2 𝑠 4! 2 2 𝑠 2
𝑠2

√𝜋 1 1 1
= 1 [1 − + . −⋯]
4𝑠 2 (4𝑠)2
𝑠2

√𝜋 −1
= 1 𝑒 4𝑠
𝑠2

𝜋 −1
= √ 𝑒 4𝑠
𝑠

EM III_SMITA N 38
CHANGE OF SCALE PROPERTY
𝟏 𝒔
If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = 𝑭(𝒔) 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑳[𝒇(𝒂𝒕)] = 𝒂 𝑭 (𝒂)

2
1) If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝑒 −𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)].
𝑠3

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)
2 −𝑠
𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑒
𝑠3
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝑎=2
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
2 2
1 2 −𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 𝑒 2
2 𝑠 3
(2)
8 −𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 𝑒 2
(𝑠)3

𝑠+3
2) If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)].
𝑠+1

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑠+3
𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
𝑠+1
By change of scale property

1
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝑎=3
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
3 3
𝑠
1 +3
𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (3
𝑠 )
3 +1
3
1 𝑠+9
𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
3 𝑠+3

20−4𝑠
3) If 𝐿[𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)].
𝑠2 −4𝑠+20

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)
20 − 4𝑠
𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠2 − 4𝑠 + 20
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝑎=3
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
3 3
𝑠
1 20 − 4 3
𝐿[𝑓(3𝑡)] =
3 𝑠 2 𝑠
(3) − 4 3 + 20

60 − 12𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 2
𝑠 − 12𝑠 + 180

2
EM III_SMITA N
 1
√𝜋 −
4) If 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡] = 𝑒 4𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2√𝑡].
2𝑠√𝑠

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)

√𝜋 1
𝐹(𝑠) = 𝑒−4𝑠
2𝑠√𝑠
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2√𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√4𝑡].
𝑎=4
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√4𝑡]. = 𝐹 ( )
4 4
1
− 𝑠
1 √𝜋
= 𝑒 44
4 𝑠 𝑠
2 (4) √4

√𝜋 −1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√4𝑡]. = 𝑒 𝑠
𝑠√𝑠

1
5) If 𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 √𝑡] = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 3√𝑡].
1+√𝑠+1

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)
1
𝐹(𝑠) =
1 + √𝑠 + 1
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 3√𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 √9𝑡].
𝑎=9
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 √9𝑡] = 𝐹 ( )
9 9
1 1
=
9 𝑠
1 + √9 + 1

1
𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 √9𝑡] =
9 + 3√𝑠 + 9

1 ∞
6) If 𝐿[erf(√𝑡) = Evaluate∫0 𝑒 −5𝑡 erf (2√𝑡)
𝑠√𝑠+1

Solution
∞
We know that 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

𝑓(𝑡) = erf(2√𝑡)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)
1
𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠 √𝑠 + 1
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
𝐿[erf (2√𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓√4𝑡] 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠 = 5
𝑎=4
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓√4𝑡] = 𝐹 ( )
4 4
1 1
=
4𝑠 𝑠
√ +1
4 4

4
EM III_SMITA N
 2
𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓√4𝑡] =
𝑠√𝑠 + 4
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 5
2 2
𝐿[𝑒𝑟𝑓√4𝑡] = =
5√5 + 4 15

1 1 𝜋
7) If 𝐿 [ ]= 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿 [√ ]
√𝜋𝑡 √𝑠 𝑡

Solution
By change of scale property
1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹( )
𝑎 𝑎
1
𝐹(𝑠) =
√𝑠

𝜋 1
𝐿 [√ ] = 𝐿
𝑡 𝑡
√𝜋
[ 𝜋 2]
1
𝑎= 2
𝜋
𝜋 1 1
𝐿 [√ ] = 2
𝑡 𝜋 𝑠
√ 2
𝜋
1 𝜋
= 2
𝜋 √𝑠
1
=
𝜋√𝑠
𝜋 1
𝐿 [√ ] ==
𝑡 𝜋√𝑠

5
EM III_SMITA N
 Practice Problem

8(𝑠−3)
8) If 𝐿[𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)].
(𝑠2 −6𝑠+25)2
𝑠−6
Ans:
(𝑠 2 −12𝑠+100)2

1
9) If 𝐿[erf(√𝑡)] = 𝑠√𝑠+1 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[erf (3√𝑡)
3
Ans:
𝑠√𝑠+9

1
10) If 𝐿[𝐽0 (𝑡)] =
√𝑠 2 +1
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[(𝐽0 (𝑎𝑡))
1
Ans:
√𝑠 2 +𝑎2

6
EM III_SMITA N
FIRST SHIFTING THEOREM

If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠),then 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎)

OR
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)

EXAMPLE

Find
1) 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]

Solution:

2 2
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 +22 𝑠 2 +4

𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = {𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]}𝑠→𝑠+2

2
={ }𝑠→𝑠+2
𝑠 2 +4

2
=
(𝑠+2)2 +4

2
=
(𝑠 2 +4𝑠+4+4)

2
=
(𝑠 2 +4𝑠+8)

1
EM III_SMITA N
 2) 𝐿[𝑒 3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]

Solution:

𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 +22 𝑠 2 +4

𝐿[𝑒 3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = {𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]}𝑠→𝑠−3

𝑠
={ }𝑠→𝑠−3
𝑠 2 +4

𝑠−3
=
(𝑠−3)2 +4

𝑠−3
=
(𝑠 2 −6𝑠+9+4)

𝑠−3
=
(𝑠 2 −6𝑠+13)

3) 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 5 ]

Solution:
5! 120
𝐿[𝑡 5 ] = = {5! =5.4.3.2.1= 120}
𝑠 5+1 𝑠6

𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 5 ] = {𝐿[𝑡 5 ]}𝑠→𝑠+3

120
={ }𝑠→𝑠+3
𝑠6

120
=
(𝑠+3)6

2
EM III_SMITA N
 4) 𝐿[𝑒 3𝑡 𝑡 6 ]

Solution:
6! 720
𝐿[𝑡 6 ] = = {6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1= 720}
𝑠 6+1 𝑠7

𝐿[𝑒 3𝑡 𝑡 6 ] = {𝐿[𝑡 6 ]}𝑠→𝑠−3

720 720
={ }𝑠→𝑠−3 =
𝑠7 (𝑠−3)7

5) 𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
Solution:
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡cost = [cos3t + cost]
2

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡cost] = 𝐿[cos3t + cost]
2

1 𝑠 𝑠
= [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 1

𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1) + (𝑠 2 + 32 )
= [ ]
2 (𝑠 2 + 32 )(𝑠 2 + 1)

𝑠 (2𝑠 2 + 10)
= [ 2 ]
2 (𝑠 + 32 )(𝑠 2 + 1)

𝑠(𝑠 2 + 5)
= 2
(𝑠 + 9)(𝑠 2 + 1)

3
EM III_SMITA N
L [ 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡.cost ] = {𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡. cost]}𝑠→𝑠−2

𝑠(𝑠 2 +5)
=[ ]
(𝑠 2 +9)(𝑠 2 +1) 𝑠→𝑠− 2

(𝑠−2)((𝑠−2)2 +5)
=
((𝑠−2)2 +9)[(𝑠−2)2 +1)]

(𝑠−2)(𝑠 2 −4𝑠 +9)

=
(𝑠 2 −4𝑠+13)[(𝑠 2 −4𝑠+5)]

𝑡 √3
6) 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)]
2 2

Solution:
𝑡 √3 1 √3
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡) = [(𝑒 𝑡/2 − 𝑒 −𝑡/2 )𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)
2 2 2 2

𝑡 √3 1 √3 1 √3
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡) ]= 𝐿 [𝑒 𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)] − 𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)]
2 2 2 2 2 2

√3
√3 2 2√3
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)] = 2 =
2 √3 4𝑠 2 +3
𝑠 2 +( )
2

by first shifting theorem

√3 √3
𝐿 [𝑒 𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)] = 𝐿 [sin ( t )]
2 2 𝑠→𝑠−
1
2

2√3
=( ) 1
4𝑠 2 +3 𝑠→𝑠 − 2

2 √3
=
1 2
4 (𝑠 − 2) + 3

4
EM III_SMITA N
 √3 √3
𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)] = 𝐿 [sin ( t )]
2 2 𝑠→𝑠+
1
2

2 √3
=( ) 1
4𝑠 2 + 3 𝑠→𝑠+ 2

2 √3
=
1 2
4 (𝑠 + 2) + 3

𝑡 √3 1 √3 1 √3
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡) ]= 𝐿 [𝑒 𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)] − 𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑡/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡)]
2 2 2 2 2 2

1 2 √3 2 √3
= [ − ]
2 1 2 1 2
4 (𝑠 − 2) + 3 4 (𝑠 + 2) + 3

√3 √3
=[ − ]
1 1
4(𝑠 2 −𝑠+ )+3 4(𝑠 2 +𝑠+ )+3
4 4

1 1
= √3 [ 2 − 2 ]
4𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 1 + 3 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 1 + 3

1 1
= √3 [ 2 − 2 ]
4𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 4 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 4

√3 1 1
= [ 2 − 2 ]
4 𝑠 −𝑠+1 𝑠 +𝑠+1

5
EM III_SMITA N
 √3 (𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 1) − (𝑠 2 − 𝑠 + 1)
= [ ]
4 (𝑠 2 − 𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 1)

√3 2𝑠
= [ 2 ]
4 [(𝑠 + 1) − 𝑠][(𝑠 2 + 1) + 𝑠)]

√3 𝑠
= [ 2 ]
2 [(𝑠 + 1)2 − 𝑠 2 ]

√3 𝑠
= [ 4 ]
2 [𝑠 + 2𝑠 2 + 1 − 𝑠 2 ]

√3 𝑠
= [ 4 ]
2 𝑠 + 𝑠2 + 1
7) L[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡]

Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑥

1
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑥 +
𝑥

1
2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑥 −
𝑥

6
EM III_SMITA N
 4
1 4
(2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) = (𝑥 − )
𝑥

Pascal’s Triangle
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1

(𝑎 − 𝑏)4 = 𝑎4 − 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 6𝑎2 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑏 3 + 𝑏 4

4 4
1 2
1 2
3
1 3 1 4
(2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 ( ) + 6𝑥 ( ) − 4𝑥 ( ) + ( )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

1 1
= 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 6 − 4 +
𝑥2 𝑥4

1 1
= (𝑥 4 + ) − 4 (𝑥 2
+ )+6
𝑥4 𝑥2

= (2𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 6

(2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)4 = (2𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 6

24 𝑖 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡 = (2𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 6

23 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 3 𝑖4 = 1

7
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡 = [(𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 3]
8

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡] = 𝐿[(𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡) − 4(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) + 3]
8

1
= [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡] − 4𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] + 3𝐿[1]]
8

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

1
𝐿[1] =
𝑠

1 𝑠 𝑠 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡] = [ 2 − 4 + 3 ]
8 𝑠 + 42 𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠

1 𝑠 4𝑠 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡] = [ 2 − 2 + ]
8 𝑠 + 16 𝑠 + 4 𝑠

𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−2

1 𝑠 4𝑠 3
=[ [ 2 − 2 + ]]
8 𝑠 + 16 𝑠 + 4 𝑠 𝑠→𝑠−2

1 𝑠−2 4(𝑠 − 2) 3
= [ − + ]
8 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 16 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 4 𝑠 − 2

1 𝑠−2 4(𝑠 − 2) 3
= [ 2 − 2 + ]
8 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 4 + 16 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 4 + 4 𝑠 − 2

8
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠−2 4(𝑠 − 2) 3
= [ 2 − 2 + ]
8 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 20 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 8 𝑠 − 2

8) 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]

Solution:
𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡 =
2

−3𝑡 −3𝑡
𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡
𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = 𝑒 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
2

1
= [𝑒 −3𝑡 (𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
= [(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −7𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
= [𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = [𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]………….(1)
2

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−1

3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 32

3
𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = [ 2 ]
𝑠 + 32 𝑠→𝑠−1

3
=
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 32

3
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 1 + 9

3
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 10

𝐿[𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+7

3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 32

3
𝐿[𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = [ 2 ]
𝑠 + 32 𝑠→𝑠+7

3
=
(𝑠 + 7)2 + 32

3
=
𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 49 + 9

10
EM III_SMITA N
 3
=
𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 58

Substituting in (1)
1
𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −7𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]
2

1 3 3
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 10 𝑠 + 14𝑠 + 58

3 𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 58 + 𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 10
= [ 2 ]
2 (𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 10 )(𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 58)

3 2𝑠 2 + 12𝑠 + 68
= [ 2 ]
2 (𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 10 )(𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 58)

3(𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34)
= 2
(𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 10 )(𝑠 2 + 14𝑠 + 58)

9) 𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡]
Solution:
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 =
2

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2

11
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [𝐿[1] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡]]𝑠→𝑠+1

1 1 𝑠
=[ [ − 2 ]]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22 𝑠→𝑠+1

1 1 𝑠+1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 22

1 1 𝑠+1
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 1 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 5

10) 𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]

Solution:
2𝑠in𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)

2𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑡 + 2𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑡 − 2𝑡)

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡

12
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]]
2

1 6 2
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 + 62 𝑠 2 + 22

𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]𝑠→𝑠−1

1 6 2
=[ [ 2 + ]]
2 𝑠 + 62 𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠→𝑠−1

1 6 2
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 1)2 + 62 (𝑠 − 1)2 + 22

11) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡]
Solution:

𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡 =
2

𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡] = 𝐿 [𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 ( )]
2

13
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡(𝑒 4𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 )]
2

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]]
2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 32

𝑠
𝐿[𝑒 4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠→𝑠−4

𝑠−4
=
(𝑠 − 4)2 + 32

𝑠
𝐿[𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠→𝑠+4

𝑠+4
=
(𝑠 + 4)2 + 32

1 𝑠−4 𝑠+4
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡] = [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 4)2 + 32 (𝑠 + 4)2 + 32

12) 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

Ans:
1 1 1
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 10

14
EM III_SMITA N
13) 𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡]
𝛤(𝑛+1) 6
Ans: −
(𝑠+𝑎)𝑛+1 (𝑠 2 +1)(𝑠 2 +9)

14)𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 (1 + 𝑡)2 ]
1 2 2
Ans: + +
𝑠−2 (𝑠−2)2 (𝑠−2)3

𝑠
15) 𝐼𝑓 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑓(2𝑡)]
𝑠 2 +𝑠+4

Solution:

By change of Scale property

1 𝑠
If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
𝑎 𝑎

1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
2 2

𝑠
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠2 + 𝑠 + 4

𝑠
1 2
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 2
2 𝑠 𝑠
(2) + 2 + 4

𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑓(2𝑡)] = [𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)]]𝑠→𝑠+3

15
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠+3
1 2
= 2
2 𝑠+3 𝑠+3
( 2 ) + 2 +4

𝑠+3
=
(𝑠 + 3)2 + 2(𝑠 + 3) + 16

𝑠+3
=
𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 9 + 2𝑠 + 6 + 16

𝑠+3
=
𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 31

1
16) 𝐼𝑓 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑓(2𝑡)]
𝑠(𝑠 2 +1)

Solution:

By change of Scale property

1 𝑠
If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐿[𝑓(𝑎𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
𝑎 𝑎

1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] = 𝐹 ( )
2 2

1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 1)

1 1
𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)] =
2𝑠 𝑠 2
+ 1)
2 ((2)

16
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑓(2𝑡)] = [𝐿[𝑓(2𝑡)]]𝑠→𝑠+1

1 1
=
2𝑠 + 1 𝑠 + 1 2
+ 1)
2 (( 2 )

4
=
(𝑠 + 1)((𝑠 + 1)2 + 4)

4
=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 1 + 4)

4
=
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5)

17) Evaluate
∞
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 5 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 5 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 5 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ]

= 𝐿[𝑡 2 ] − 3𝐿[𝑡] + 5𝐿[1] + 𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ]

17
EM III_SMITA N
 𝛤(𝑛 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 𝑛 ] =
𝑠 𝑛+1
1
𝐿[1] =
𝑠

𝛤(2 + 1)
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠 2+1

𝛤(3) 2! 2
= = =
𝑠3 𝑠3 𝑠3

2
𝐿[𝑡 2 ] = … … … . . (1)
𝑠3

𝛤(1 + 1) 𝛤(2) 1
𝐿[𝑡] = = 2 = 2
𝑠1+1 𝑠 𝑠

1
𝐿[𝑡] == … … … … … (2)
𝑠2

𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ]
By first shifting theorem
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ] = 𝐿[𝑡 2 ]𝑠→𝑠−2

2
From (1) 𝐿[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠3

2
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ] = [ 3 ]
𝑠 𝑠→𝑠−2
2
=
(𝑠 − 2)3
18
EM III_SMITA N
 2
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ] = … … … … … . . (3)
(𝑠 − 2)3

From (1),(2),(3) we get

2 1 1 2
𝐿[𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 5 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ] = − 3 + 5 +
𝑠3 𝑠2 𝑠 (𝑠 − 2)3
Put 𝑠 = 1
2 1 1 2
𝐿[𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 + 5 + 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑡 2 ] = − 3 + 5 +
13 12 1 (1 − 2)3

=2−3+5−2=2

∞
18) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace Transform.

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝐿 [( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
2

19
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]]
2

𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−1

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠→𝑠−1

1
=
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 1

1
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 1 + 1

1
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 2

𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+1

1
=[ 2 ]
𝑠 + 12 𝑠→𝑠+1

20
EM III_SMITA N
 1
=
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

1
=
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 1 + 1

1
=
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2

1 1 1 1
[𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2

1 1 1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
Put 𝑠 = 2
1 1 1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 2 − 2(2) + 2 2 + 2(2) + 2

1 1 1
= [ + ]
2 4−4+2 4+4+2

1 1 1
= [ + ]
2 2 10

1 5+1
= [ ]
2 10

1 6 3
= [ ]=
2 10 10

21
EM III_SMITA N
19) Evaluate
∞
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]

𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
= 𝐿 [( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−1

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

22
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−1 = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠→𝑠−1

𝑠−1
=
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 4

𝑠−1
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 1 + 4

𝑠−1
=
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 5

𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+1

𝑠+1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+1 = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠→𝑠+1

𝑠+1
=
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 4

𝑠+1
=
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 1 + 4

𝑠+1
=
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5

1 1 𝑠−1 𝑠+1
[𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 5 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 5

1 𝑠−1 𝑠+1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 2𝑠 + 5 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 5

23
EM III_SMITA N
Put 𝑠 = 1
1 1−1 1+1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = [ 2 + 2 ]
2 1 − 2(1) + 5 1 + 2(1) + 5

1 2
= [0 + ]
2 1+2+5

1 2
= [ ]
2 8

1
=
8

20) Evaluate
∞
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0

Solution:
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]

𝑒 2𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡
= 𝐿 [( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

24
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡)]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]
2

𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−2

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠−2 = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠→𝑠−2

3
=
(𝑠 − 2)2 + 9

3
=
𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 4 + 9

3
=
𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 13

𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+2

3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]𝑠→𝑠+2 = [ ]
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠→𝑠+2

25
EM III_SMITA N
 3
=
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 9

3
=
𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 4 + 9

3
=
𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 13

1 1 3 3
[𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]] = [ 2 − 2 ]
2 2 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 13

1 3 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = [ 2 − 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 13
Put 𝑠 = 1
1 3 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = [ 2 − 2 ]
2 1 − 4(1) + 13 1 + 4(1) + 13

1 3 3
= [ − ]
2 10 18

1 2
= [ ]
2 15

1
=
15

26
EM III_SMITA N
21) Evaluate
∞
√3 𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑡
0 2 2

Solution:
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
√3 𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
2 2

√3 𝑡
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2

√3 √3
𝑒 2 𝑡 − 𝑒− 2 𝑡 𝑡
= 𝐿 [( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2

1 √3 √3 𝑡
= 𝐿 [(𝑒 2 𝑡 + 𝑒 − 2 𝑡 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2

1 √3 𝑡 √3 𝑡
= 𝐿 [(𝑒 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑒 − 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )]
2 2 2

1 √3 𝑡 √3 𝑡
= [𝐿 [𝑒 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] + 𝐿[𝑒 − 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]]
2 2 2

27
EM III_SMITA N
 √3 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿 [𝑒 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] = 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2 𝑠→𝑠−√3
2

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

1
𝑡 2
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] =[ ]
2 𝑠→𝑠−√3 2 1 2
2 𝑠 + ( 2) √3
𝑠→𝑠−
2

1
= 2
2
√3 1
(𝑠 − 2 ) + 4

1
= 2
3 1
𝑠 2 − √3𝑠 + +
4 4

1
= 2
2
𝑠 − √3𝑠 + 1

√3 𝑡 𝑡
𝐿 [𝑒 − 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] = 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2 𝑠→𝑠+√3
2

1
𝑡 2
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] =[ ]
2 𝑠→𝑠+√3 2 1 2
2 𝑠 + ( 2) √3
𝑠→𝑠+
2

28
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= 2
2
√3 1
(𝑠 + 2 ) + 4

1
= 2
3 1
𝑠 2 + √3𝑠 + +
4 4
1
= 2
2
𝑠 + √3𝑠 + 1

1 1
1 √3 𝑡 √3 𝑡 1 2 2
[𝐿 [𝑒 − 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] + 𝐿[𝑒 − 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]] = [ − ]
2 2 2 2 𝑠 − √3𝑠 + 1
2 2
𝑠 + √3𝑠 + 1

1 1
√3 𝑡 1 2 2
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] = [ − ]
2 2 2 𝑠 2 − √3𝑠 + 1 𝑠 2 + √3𝑠 + 1

Put 𝑠 = 1
1 1
√3 𝑡 1 2 2
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛 ] = [ − ]
2 2 2 12 − √3(1) + 1 12 + √3(1) + 1

1 1
1 2 2 ]
= [ −
2 2 − √3 2 + √3

29
EM III_SMITA N
 1 (2 + √3) − (2 − √3)
= [ ]
4 (2 − √3)(2 + √3)

1 (2√3)
= [ ]
4 (4 − 3)

√3
=
2

30
EM III_SMITA N
 SECOND SHIFTING THEOREM

𝑓(𝑡 − 𝑎) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎

If L [𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠) and if g(t) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

then L[g(t)] = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 [𝐹(𝑠)]

Find Laplace transform of the following

(𝑡 − 1)2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 1
1) 𝑔(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑡 < 1

Solution
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 1

2
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] = L[𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠3

By Second Shifting theorem

2 2e−s
𝐿[𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝑒 −𝑠 =
𝑠3 𝑠3

2𝜋 2𝜋
cos (𝑡 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 >
3 3
2) 𝑔(𝑡) = 2𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 <
3

Solution
2𝜋
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑎 =
3

EM III_SMITA N 1
 𝑠
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] = L [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] =
𝑠 2 +1

By Second Shifting theorem

2𝜋
2𝜋 − 𝑠
− 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠𝑒 3
𝐿[𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝑒 3 =
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +1

𝑒 −𝑏(𝑡−𝑎) (𝑡 − 𝑎)3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑎

3) 𝑔(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝑎

Solution
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 (𝑡)3 ,

3! 6
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] = L[𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 (𝑡)3 ] = (𝑠+𝑏)4
= (𝑠+𝑏)4

By Second Shifting theorem

6 6𝑒 −𝑎𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] =𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 =
(𝑠+𝑏)4 (𝑠+𝑏)4

(𝑡 − 1)2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 2

4) 𝑓(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑡 < 2

Solution
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 2

2
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] =L [𝑡 2 ] =
𝑠3

By Second Shifting theorem

EM III_SMITA N 2
 2 2e−2s
𝐿[𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝑒 −2𝑠 =
𝑠3 𝑠3

𝑒 𝑡−𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝑘

5) 𝑓(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑡 < 𝑘

Solution
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 𝑘

1
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] = L [𝑒 𝑡 ] =
𝑠−1

By Second Shifting theorem

1 e−ks
𝐿[𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝑒 −𝑘𝑠 =
𝑠−1 𝑠−1

cos (𝑡 − 𝛼) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 𝛼

6) 𝑔(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 < 𝛼

Solution

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑎 = 𝛼

𝑠
then L [𝑓(𝑡)] = L [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] =
𝑠 2 +1

By Second Shifting theorem

𝑠 𝑠𝑒 −𝛼𝑠
L [𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝑒 −𝛼𝑠 =
𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +1

EM III_SMITA N 3
 (𝑡 − 1)4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 1
7) 𝑔(𝑡) =
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑡 < 1
24
Ans: 𝑒 −𝑠
𝑠5

2𝜋 2𝜋
sin (𝑡 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 >
3 3
8) 𝑔(𝑡) = 2𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 <
3
2𝜋𝑠
1
Ans: 𝑒 − 3
𝑠 2 +1

EM III_SMITA N 4
 Multiplication By 𝒕 property

If 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = [𝐹(𝑠)]
𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑑
𝐿[ 𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)] = (−1) [𝐹 (𝑠)] , where n=1,2,3…
𝑑𝑠𝑛

Find Laplace transform of the following

EXAMPLE 1
𝑳[𝒕(𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕 − 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕)]

Solution

𝐿[2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = 𝐿[2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] − 𝐿[3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

= 2𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] − 3𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

𝑎 𝑠
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

3 𝑠
= 2[ 2 ] − 3 [ ]
𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 32

6 − 3𝑠
= = 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑠2 + 9

𝑑𝑛
𝐿[ 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑡)] =(−1)𝑛 [𝐹 (𝑠)]
𝑑𝑠𝑛

1
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑
𝐿[ 𝑡𝑓(𝑡)] = − [𝐹 (𝑠)]
𝑑𝑠

𝑑 6 − 3𝑠
𝐿[𝑡(2𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡)] = − ( )
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 + 9

( 𝑠 2 + 9)(−3) − (6 − 3𝑠)2𝑠
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

−3𝑠 2 − 27 − (12𝑠 − 6𝑠 2 )
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

−3𝑠 2 − 27 − 12𝑠 + 6𝑠 2
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

3𝑠 2 − 27 − 12𝑠
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

27 + 12𝑠 − 3𝑠 2
=
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

3(9 + 4𝑠 − 𝑠 2 )
=
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

2
EM III_SMITA N
EXAMPLE 2
L [t𝒆𝟑𝒕 sin t]

Solution

𝑎
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] =
𝑠2 +1

𝐿[𝑒 3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = {𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]}𝑠→𝑠−3

1
={ }
𝑠 2 + 1 𝑠→𝑠−3

1
=
(𝑠 − 3)2 + 1

1
=
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 9 + 1)

1
=
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10)

𝑑
L[t𝑒 3𝑡 sin t ] = − L[𝑒 3𝑡 sin t ]
𝑑𝑠

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑 1
=− ( 2 )
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 6𝑠 + 10)

( 𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10)(0) − 1(2𝑠 − 6)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10)2

(2𝑠 − 6)
=
(𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10)2

EXAMPLE 3
𝑳[𝒕√𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕]

Solution

1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 = sin2 𝑡 + cos2 𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)2

√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 = √(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑠 1
L[√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = +
𝑠2 +1 𝑠2 +1

𝑑 𝑠 1
L[𝑡√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 ] = 𝐿[𝑡(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)] = − ( + 2 )
𝑑𝑠 𝑠2 +1 𝑠 +1

( 𝑠 2 + 1)1 − 𝑠(2𝑠) ( 𝑠 2 + 1)(0) − 1(2𝑠)

= −[ + ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)2 (𝑠 2 + 1)2

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠 2 + 1 − 2𝑠 2 − (2𝑠)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)2

1 − 𝑠 2 − 2𝑠
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 1)2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 1
=
(𝑠 2 + 1)2

EXAMPLE 4
𝑳[𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕]

Solution 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]

2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)

2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + cos (−𝑡)

2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + cos 𝑡

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + cos 𝑡]
2
1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + cos 𝑡]
2

5
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡] + 𝐿[cos 𝑡]]
2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

1 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = [[ 2 ] + [ ]]
2 𝑠 + 52 𝑠 2 + 12

𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡]]𝑠→𝑠+3

1 𝑠 𝑠
=[ [ 2 + ]]
2 𝑠 + 52 𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠→𝑠+3

1 𝑠+3 𝑠+3
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 52 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 12

1 𝑠+3 𝑠+3
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 34 𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 10

𝑑 1 𝑠+3 𝑠+3
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = − [ + ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10

6
EM III_SMITA N
 1 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34)(1) − (𝑠 + 3)(2𝑠 + 6)
=− [
2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34)2
(𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)(1) − (𝑠 + 3)(2𝑠 + 6)
+ ]
(𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)2

1 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34) − (2𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 18)

=− [
2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 34)2
(𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10) − (2𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 18)
+ ]
(𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)2

1 −𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 16 (−𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 − 8)
=− [ 2 + ]
2 (𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 34)2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)2

1 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 − 16 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 8
= [ 2 + ]
2 (𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 34)2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)2

−3𝑡
1 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 − 16 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 8
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] = [ 2 + ]
2 (𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 34)2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 10)2

Example 5
𝑳[𝒕𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕]
Solution
𝑑𝑛
𝐿[ 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑡)] =(−1)𝑛 [𝐹 (𝑠)]
𝑑𝑠𝑛

𝒂
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕] =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒂 𝟐

7
EM III_SMITA N
 3 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠2 + 9

𝑑2 3
𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = (−1)2 [ ]
𝑑𝑠2 𝑠2 +9

𝑑 (𝑠 2 + 9 )(0) − 3(2𝑠)
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 9) 2

𝑑 −6𝑠
= [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 9) 2

(𝑠 2 + 9) 2 (−6) − (−6𝑠)2(𝑠 2 + 9)2𝑠

=
(𝑠 2 + 9) 4

(𝑠 2 + 9)(−6) − (−6𝑠)(2)(2𝑠)
=
(𝑠 2 + 9) 3

−6𝑠 2 − 54 + 24𝑠 2
=
(𝑠 2 + 9) 3

18𝑠 2 − 54
= 2
(𝑠 + 9) 3

18(𝑠 2 − 3)
= 2
(𝑠 + 9) 3

8
EM III_SMITA N
Example 6
𝑳[𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒕]

Solution
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 =
4

𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 =
4

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]]
4

1
= [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] + 𝐿[3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]]
4

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

1 𝑠 3𝑠
= [ 2 + ]
4 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 12

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑 1 𝑠 3𝑠
𝐿[𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡] = − [ [ 2 + ]]
𝑑𝑠 4 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 12

1𝑑 𝑠 3𝑠
=− [ 2 + 2 ]
4 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 9 𝑠 + 1

1 (𝑠 2 + 9)(1) − 𝑠(2𝑠) (𝑠 2 + 1)(3) − 3𝑠(2𝑠)

=− [ + ]
4 (𝑠 2 + 9)2 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2

1 𝑠 2 + 9 − 2𝑠 2 3𝑠 2 + 3 − 6𝑠 2
=− [ + ]
4 (𝑠 2 + 9)2 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2

1 9 − 𝑠2 3 − 3𝑠 2
=− [ 2 + ]
4 (𝑠 + 9)2 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2

1 𝑠2 − 9 3(𝑠 2 − 1)
= [ 2 + ]
4 (𝑠 + 9)2 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2

Example 7
𝑳[𝒕𝒆−𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐𝒕]
Solution
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 − 22 𝑠2 − 4

10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡] = [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡]]𝑠→𝑠+1

𝑠
=[ ]
𝑠 2 − 4 𝑠→𝑠+1

𝑠+1
=
(𝑠 + 1)2 − 4

𝑠+1
=
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3

𝑑 𝑠+1
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡] = − [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 2𝑠 − 3

(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3)(1) − (𝑠 + 1)(2𝑠 + 2)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3)2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3 − (2𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3)2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3 − 2𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 − 2𝑠 − 2)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 3)2

−𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 − 5
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 2𝑠 − 3)2

11
EM III_SMITA N
 −𝑡
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡] = 2
(𝑠 + 2𝑠 − 3)2

Example 8
𝑳[(𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟐𝒕)𝟐 ]

Solution
𝐿[(𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡)2 ] = 𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡]

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃]
2

1
−𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝜃 = [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃]
2

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝜃 = [−1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃]
2

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝜃 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝜃 − 1 ]
2

12
EM III_SMITA N
 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2(2𝑡) − 1 ]
2

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(4𝑡) − 1 ]
2

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(4𝑡) − 1 ]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(4𝑡) − 𝐿[1] ]]
2

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑡] =
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

1 𝑠 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡] = [ 2 − ]
2 𝑠 − 42 𝑠

2 2
𝑑2 1
2
𝑠 1
𝐿[𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 2𝑡] = (−1) [ [ − ]]
𝑑𝑠 2 2 𝑠 2 − 42 𝑠

1 𝑑2 𝑠 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 2 − 16 𝑠

1 𝑑 (𝑠 2 − 16)(1) − 𝑠(2𝑠) −1
= [ − ( )]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 − 16)2 𝑠2

13
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑑 𝑠 2 − 16 − 2𝑠 2 1
= [ + 2]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 − 16)2 𝑠

1 𝑑 −𝑠 2 − 16 1
= [ 2 + ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 16)2 𝑠 2

1 (𝑠 2 − 16)2 (−2𝑠) − (−𝑠 2 − 16)2(𝑠 2 − 16)2𝑠 −2

= [ + 3]
2 (𝑠 2 − 16)4 𝑠

1 (𝑠 2 − 16)(−2𝑠) − (−𝑠 2 − 16)2(2𝑠) −2

= [ + 3]
2 (𝑠 2 − 16)3 𝑠

1 (−2𝑠 2 + 32𝑠) + (𝑠 2 + 16)(4𝑠) −2

= [ + 3]
2 (𝑠 2 − 16)3 𝑠

1 (−2𝑠 2 + 32𝑠) + (4𝑠 3 + 64𝑠) −2

= [ + 3]
2 (𝑠 2 − 16)3 𝑠

1 4𝑠 3 −2𝑠 2 + 96𝑠 −2
= [ + 3]
2 (𝑠 2 − 16)3 𝑠

14
EM III_SMITA N
Example 9
𝑳[𝒕𝟓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒕]

Solution
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 =
2

𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 ]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 ] + 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 ]]
2

1 1 1
= [ + ]
2 𝑠−1 𝑠+1

𝑑5 1 1 1
𝐿[𝑡 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡] =(−1)5 [ [ + ]]
𝑑𝑠5 2 𝑠−1 𝑠+1

1 𝑑4 −1 −1
=− [[ + ]]
2 𝑑𝑠 4 (𝑠 − 1)2 (𝑠 + 1)2

15
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑑3 −2 −2
= [[ + ]]
2 𝑑𝑠 3 (𝑠 − 1)3 (𝑠 + 1)3

𝑑2 3 3
= 2 [[ + ]]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 1)4 (𝑠 + 1)4

𝑑 −12 −12
= [[ + ]]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 1)5 (𝑠 + 1)5

60 60
= +
(𝑠 − 1)6 (𝑠 + 1)6

Example 10
𝑳[𝒕𝒆−𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕]
Solution
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 1

𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = {𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]}𝑠→𝑠+1

𝑠+1
=
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

𝑠+1
=
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)

16
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑
L[ 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 cos 𝑡] = − L[ 𝑒 −𝑡 cos 𝑡 ]
𝑑𝑠

𝑑 𝑠+1
=− ( 2 )
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)

( 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)(1) − (𝑠 + 1)(2𝑠 + 2)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2 − (2𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 2)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)2

−𝑠 2 − 2𝑠
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)2

𝑠 2 + 2𝑠
= 2
(𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)2

Example 11
𝑳[𝒕𝒆𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟐𝒕]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑨𝒏𝒔: [ − ]
𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟓)𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟐

Example 12
𝑳[(𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕)𝟐 ]

17
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐 𝟖𝒔 𝟏 𝒔
𝑨𝒏𝒔: + + −
𝒔𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐 𝟐𝒔 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 )

Example 13
𝑳[𝒕𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕]

Solution
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin (𝐴 − 𝐵)

2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = sin 3𝑡 + sint

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = [sin 3𝑡 + sint]
2

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = 𝐿[sin 3𝑡 + sint]
2

1
= 𝐿[sin 3𝑡 + sint]
2

1
= [𝐿[sin 3𝑡] + 𝐿[sint]]
2

1 3 1
= [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 12

18
EM III_SMITA N
 1 3 1
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 +9 𝑠 +1

1 3 1
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 9 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 1

1 3 1
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 4 + 9 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 4 + 1

1 3 1
= [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 5

𝑑 1 3 1
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = − [ 2 + 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 5

1𝑑 3 1
=− [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13 𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 5

(𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 13)(0) − 3(2𝑠 − 4)
1 (𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 13)2
=−
2 (𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 5)(0) − 1(2𝑠 − 4)
+
[ (𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 5)2 ]

1 3(2𝑠 − 4) (2𝑠 − 4)
= [ 2 + ]
2 (𝑠 − 4𝑠 + 13)2 (𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 + 5)2

19
EM III_SMITA N
Example 14
𝑳[𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒕]
𝒔−𝟏 𝒔+𝟏
Ans:𝟐 [ 𝟐 + ]
(𝒔𝟐 −𝟐𝒔+𝟓) (𝒔𝟐 +𝟐𝒔+𝟓)𝟐

Example 15
𝑳[(𝟏 + 𝒕𝒆−𝒕 )𝟑 ]

Solution
(1 + 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 )3 = 1 + 3(1)(𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 ) + 3(1)(𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 )2 + (𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 )3

= 1 + 3𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑡 3 𝑒 −3𝑡

(1 + 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 )3 = 1 + 3𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑡 3 𝑒 −3𝑡

𝐿[(1 + 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 )3 ] = 𝐿[1 + 3𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑡 3 𝑒 −3𝑡 ]

= 𝐿[1] + 3𝐿[𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 ] + 3𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑒 −2𝑡 ] + 𝐿[𝑡 3 𝑒 −3𝑡 ]

𝛤(𝑛+1) 1
𝐿 [𝑡 𝑛 ] = 𝐿 [ 1] =
𝑠𝑛+1 𝑠

1 1 2 6
= +3 + 3 +
𝑠 (𝑠 + 1)2 (𝑠 + 2)3 (𝑠 + 3)4

20
EM III_SMITA N
 1 3 6 6
= + + +
𝑠 (𝑠 + 1)2 (𝑠 + 2)3 (𝑠 + 3)4

Example 16
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝟐
𝑳 [𝒕 ( 𝒕 ) ]
𝒆

Solution
𝐿[𝑡(𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)2 ]

𝐿[𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡]

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2

1
= [𝐿[1] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = [ − ]
2 𝑠 + 2 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 22

21
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] =
[ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 8
𝑑 1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿[𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = − [ − 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 8

1𝑑 1 𝑠+2
=− [ − 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 8

1𝑑 −1 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)(1) − (𝑠 + 2)(2𝑠 + 4)
=− [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)2

1𝑑 −1 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8) − (2𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 8)
=− [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)2

1𝑑 −1 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8 − 2𝑠 2 − 4𝑠 − 4𝑠 − 8)
=− [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)2

1𝑑 −1 (−𝑠 2 − 4𝑠)
=− [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)2

1𝑑 1 𝑠 2 + 4𝑠
= [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 (𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)2

22
EM III_SMITA N
Example 17
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒕𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

∞
Hence ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 12

3
𝑑3
3
1
𝐿[𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = (−1) [ ]
𝑑𝑠 3 𝑠 2 + 1

𝑑2 (𝑠 2 + 1)(0) − 1(2𝑠)
= − 2[ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2

𝑑2 −2𝑠
= − 2[ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 1) 2

𝑑2 𝑠
= 2 2[ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 1) 2

23
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑 (𝑠 2 + 1) 2 (1) − (𝑠)2(𝑠 2 + 1)2𝑠
=2 [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1) 4

𝑑 𝑠 2 + 1 − 4𝑠 2
=2 [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1) 3

𝑑 1 − 3𝑠 2
=2 [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 1) 3

(𝑠 2 + 1) 3 (−6𝑠) − (1 − 3𝑠 2 )3(𝑠 2 + 1) 2 2𝑠
= 2[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1) 6

(𝑠 2 + 1)(−6𝑠) − (1 − 3𝑠 2 )3(2𝑠)
= 2[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1) 4

Put 𝑠 = 2

((2)2 + 1)(−6(2)) − (1 − 3(2)2 )3(2(2))

= 2[ ]
((2)2 + 1) 4

144
=
625

24
EM III_SMITA N
Example 18
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]

0
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠2 + 1

𝑑 𝑠
𝐿[𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = − [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 1

(𝑠 2 + 1)1 − 𝑠(2𝑠)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1) 2

𝑠 2 + 1 − 2𝑠 2
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1) 2

1 − 𝑠2
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 1) 2
25
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2

1 − (2)2
= −[ ]
((2)2 + 1) 2

3
=
25
Example 19
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡]

0

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]
2
26
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [𝐿[1] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

𝑑 1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = − [ − 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22
1𝑑 1 𝑠
=− [ − 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

1 −1 (𝑠 2 + 4)(1) − 𝑠(2𝑠)
=− [ 2 − ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 4)2

𝒔=𝟐

1 −1 (4 + 4)(1) − 4(2)
=− [ − ]
2 4 (4 + 4)2

1
=
8

27
EM III_SMITA N
Example 20
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒕𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟐𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.

Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 3

∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡]

0

𝑒 2𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 ]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 ]]
2

1 1 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠−2 𝑠+2

28
EM III_SMITA N
 2
𝑑2 1 1 2
1
𝐿[𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡] = (−1) [ − ]
𝑑𝑠 2 2 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 + 2

1𝑑 −1 −1
= [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 − 2)2 (𝑠 + 2)2

1 2 2
= [ − ]
2 (𝑠 − 2)3 (𝑠 + 2)3

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟑
1 1
𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑡] = [ − ]
(3 − 2)3 (3 + 2)3

124
=
125

Example 21
∞ 𝒕𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒆𝟐𝒕

Solution
∞

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡𝑑𝑡
0

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

29
EM III_SMITA N
 Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem
we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
∞

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]

0
3 3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠 2 + 9

2
𝑑2 2
3
𝐿[𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = (−1) [ ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 2 + 9

𝑑 (𝑠 2 + 9)(0) − 3(2𝑠)
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 9)2

𝑑 −6𝑠
= [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 9)2

(𝑠 2 + 9)2 (−6) − (−6𝑠)2(𝑠 2 + 9)2𝑠

=[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)4

(𝑠 2 + 9)(−6) − (−6𝑠)2(2𝑠)
=[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 9)3

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

30
EM III_SMITA N
 (4 + 9)(−6) − (−12)(8)
=
(4 + 9)3

18
=
2197
Example 22
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 (𝒕√𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕)𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem
we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑡√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

0

𝐿[√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

2
𝑡 2
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
√
= 𝐿 [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ]
2 2 2 2

𝑡 𝑡 2
= 𝐿 [√(𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) ]
2 2

31
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡 𝑡
= 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ]
2 2

1/2 𝑠
= +
1 1
𝑠 2 + ( )2 𝑠 2 + ( )2
2 2

𝑑 1/2 𝑠
𝐿[𝑡√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = − [ + ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 + (1)2 𝑠 2 + (1)2
2 2

𝑑 1/2 𝑠
=− [ + ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 + 1 𝑠 2 + 1
4 4

𝑑 2 4𝑠
=− [ 2 + 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 4𝑠 + 1 4𝑠 + 1

(4𝑠 2 + 1)(0) − 2(8𝑠) (4𝑠 2 + 1)(4) − 4𝑠(8𝑠)

= −[ + ]
(4𝑠 2 + 1)2 (4𝑠 2 + 1)2

−16𝑠 (4𝑠 2 + 1)(4) − 4𝑠(8𝑠)

= −[ 2 + ]
(4𝑠 + 1)2 (4𝑠 2 + 1)2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1

28
=
25
32
EM III_SMITA N
EXAMPLE 23
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒕𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

0
1 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠 2 + 1

3
𝑑33
1
𝐿[𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = (−1) [ ]
𝑑𝑠 3 𝑠 2 + 1

𝑑2 (𝑠 2 + 1)(0) − 1(2𝑠)
= − 2[ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1)2

𝑑2 −2𝑠
= − 2[ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 1)2

33
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑 (𝑠 2 + 1)2 (2) − (2𝑠)2(𝑠 2 + 1)2𝑠
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1)4

𝑑 (𝑠 2 + 1)(2) − (2𝑠)2(2𝑠)
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1)3

𝑑 (2𝑠 2 + 2) − 8𝑠 2 )
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1)3

𝑑 2 − 6𝑠 2
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 1)3

(𝑠 2 + 1)3 (−12𝑠) − (2 − 6𝑠 2 )3(𝑠 2 + 1)2 2𝑠

=
(𝑠 2 + 1)6

(𝑠 2 + 1)(−12𝑠) − (2 − 6𝑠 2 )3(2𝑠)
=
(𝑠 2 + 1)4

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏
(1 + 1)(−12) − (2 − 6)(6)
=
(1 + 1)3

−24 + 24
= =0
8

34
EM III_SMITA N
EXAMPLE 24
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get

𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡]
0
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 12

𝑑 𝑠
𝐿[𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = (−1) [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 1

(𝑠 2 + 1)(1) − 𝑠(2𝑠)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)2

𝑠 2 + 1 − 2𝑠 2
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)2
35
EM III_SMITA N
 1 − 𝑠2
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 1)2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1

1 − 12
= −[ 2 ]=0
(1 + 1)2

EXAMPLE 25
∞
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem

we get
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 3
∞

∫ 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

0
1 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠 2 + 1

36
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑑 1
𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = (−1) [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 1

(𝑠 2 + 1)(0) − 1(2𝑠)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)2

−2𝑠
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠 + 1)2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 3

2(3)
=[ 2 ]
(3 + 1)2

6 3
= =
100 50

37
EM III_SMITA N
 Division by t Property

If L [𝒇(𝒕)] = [𝑭(𝒔)]

𝒇(𝒕) ∞ ∞
𝑳[ ] = ∫𝒔 𝐋 [𝒇(𝒕)] 𝐝𝐬 =∫𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)𝐝𝐬
𝒕

Find Laplace transform of the following

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕
1) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 =
2

𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[ 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ]
2

1 1 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡) ∞
𝐿[ ] = ∫𝑠 L[ sinhat]ds
𝑡

1
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
1 1 1
=∫ [ − ] ds
𝑠 2 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎

1
= [log(𝑠 − 𝑎) − log (𝑠 + 𝑎)]∞
𝑠
2

1 s−a ∞
= [log ]
2 s+a 𝑠

When 𝑠 → ∞
𝑎 𝑎
s−a s (1 − ) (1 − )
lim log = lim log 𝑠 = log 𝑠 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
𝑠→∞ s + a 𝑠→∞ 𝑎 𝑎
s (1 + ) (1 + )
𝑠 𝑠

1 𝑠−𝑎
= [0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 s+a

1 𝑠+𝑎
= [log ]
2 s−a

𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕
2) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
L[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = L[1] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]

1 𝑠
= − 2
𝑠 𝑠 + 𝑎2
2
EM III_SMITA N
 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 ∞
𝐿[ ] = ∫𝑠 L[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 ]ds
𝑡

∞ 1 𝑠
=∫ [ − 2 ] ds
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 𝑎2

∞
1 2 2
= [log 𝑠 − log(𝑠 + 𝑎 )]
2 𝑠

∞
1 2
1 2 2
= [ log 𝑠 − log (𝑠 + 𝑎 ) ]
2 2 𝑠

∞
1 𝑠2
= [ log 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 𝑎2
𝑠

When 𝑠 → ∞
1 𝑠2 1 𝑠2 1 1 1
lim log 2 = lim log = lim log = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
𝑠→∞ 2 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠→∞ 2 𝑎2 𝑠→∞ 2 𝑎2 2
𝑠 2 (1 + ) (1 + )
𝑠2 𝑠2

1 𝑠2
= [log 1 − log ( 2 )]
2 𝑠 +𝑎2

1 𝑠2
= [0 − log ( 2 )]
2 𝑠 +𝑎2

1 𝑠2 +𝑎2
= log ( )
2 𝑠2

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝟑) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 1

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∞
𝐿[ ] =∫𝑠 L[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]ds
𝑡

∞
1
=∫ ds
𝑠 𝑠2 + 1

= [tan−1 𝑠]∞
𝑠

= tan−1 ∞ − tan−1 𝑠

𝜋
= − tan−1 𝑠
2

= cot −1 𝑠

4) 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

Solution
1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝑠2+1

4
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∞ 1
𝐿[ ] = ∫𝑠 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠2 +1

= [tan−1 𝑠]∞
𝑠

= tan−1 ∞ - tan−1 𝑠

𝜋
= - tan−1 𝑠
2

= cot −1 𝑠

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡 −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑡 ]
𝑡

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= 𝐿[ ]
𝑡 𝑠→𝑠+1

= [cot −1 𝑠 ]𝑠→𝑠+1

= cot −1 [ 𝑠 + 1]

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
5) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
𝐿[2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
5
EM III_SMITA N
 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos (𝐴 + 𝐵)

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 = cos(𝑡 − 2𝑡) − cos (𝑡 + 2𝑡)

= cos 𝑡 − cos3t

𝐿[2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = 𝐿[cos 𝑡 − cos3t]

= 𝐿[cos 𝑡] − 𝐿[cos3t]

𝑠 𝑠
= −
𝑠 2 + 12 𝑠 2 + 32

∞
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[ ]=∫[ 2 − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 + 12 𝑠2 + 32
𝑠
1 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠2 + 1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔((𝑠2 + 9)
2 2

∞
1 𝑠2 + 1
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 ]
2 𝑠 +9
𝑠

When 𝑠 → ∞
𝟏 𝟏
1 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 1 𝒔𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝟐 ) 1 (𝟏 + 𝟐 )
lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝟐 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝒔 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝒔 = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
𝑠→∞ 2 𝒔 + 𝟗 𝑠→∞ 2 𝟗 𝑠→∞ 2 𝟗 2
𝒔𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝟐 ) (𝟏 + 𝟐 )
𝒔 𝒔

6
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠2 + 1 1 𝑠2 + 9
= 0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2 𝑠 +9 2 𝑠 +1

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
6) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
𝑒2𝑡 + 𝑒−2𝑡
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = 𝐿 [( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
= 𝐿[(𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]]
2

2
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] =
𝑠 2 + 22

1 2 2
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 4 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 4

7
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 1 2 2
𝐿[ ]=∫ [ + ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 4 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 4
𝑠

∞
1 2 2
= ∫[ + ] 𝑑𝑠
2 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 4 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 4
𝑠

1 −1
𝑠−2 1 −1
𝑠+2 ∞
= [ tan + tan ]
2 2 2 2 𝑠

1 1 1 𝑠−2 1 𝑠+2
= tan−1 ∞ + tan−1 ∞ − ( tan−1 + tan−1 )
2 2 2 2 2 2

1𝜋 1𝜋 1 𝑠−2 1 𝑠+2
= + − tan−1 − tan−1
22 22 2 2 2 2

𝜋 𝜋 1 𝑠−2 1 𝑠+2
= + − tan−1 − tan−1
4 4 2 2 2 2

𝜋 1 𝑠−2 1 𝑠+2
= − tan−1 − tan−1
2 2 2 2 2

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒕
7) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕𝟐

8
EM III_SMITA N
Solution
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 =
2

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= [𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

1
= [𝐿[1] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 22

1 1 𝑠
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 +4

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 1 1 𝑠
𝐿[ ]=∫ [ − 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 𝑠 𝑠 +4
𝑠

∞
1 1 𝑠
= ∫[ − 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 𝑠 +4
𝑠

1 1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 2 + 4)]
2 2

1 1 1
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 2 + 4)]
2 2 2
9
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
1 𝑠2
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 ]
4 𝑠 +4 𝑠

When 𝑠 → ∞
1 𝑠2 1 𝑠2 1 1 1
lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
𝑠→∞ 4 𝑠 + 4 𝑠→∞ 4 4 𝑠→∞ 4 4 4
𝑠 2 (1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )
𝑠 𝑠

1 𝑠2
= 0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
4 𝑠 +4

1 𝑠2 + 4
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
4 𝑠2

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 1 𝑠2 + 4
𝐿 [ 2 ] = ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 4 𝑠2
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠2 + 4
= ∫ 1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑑𝑠
4 𝑠2
𝑠

𝑠2 +4
Using integration by parts by taking 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 1
𝑠2

∫ 𝑢. 𝑣 = 𝑢 ∫ 𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑(𝑢) (∫ 𝑣)

10
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠2 + 4 1 𝑠 2 (2𝑠) − (𝑠 2 + 4)2𝑠
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − ∫ 2 𝑠 𝑑𝑠]
4 𝑠2 (𝑠 + 4)⁄ 𝑠4
𝑠2

1 𝑠2 + 4 𝑠2 2𝑠(𝑠 2 − (𝑠 2 + 4))
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − ∫ 2 × 𝑠 𝑑𝑠]
4 𝑠2 (𝑠 + 4) 𝑠4

1 𝑠2 + 4 2(𝑠 2 − (𝑠 2 + 4))
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − ∫ 𝑑𝑠]
4 𝑠2 (𝑠 2 + 4)

1 𝑠2 + 4 −8
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − ∫ 𝑑𝑠]
4 𝑠2 (𝑠 2 + 4)

1 𝑠2 + 4 1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) + 8 ∫ 𝑑𝑠]
4 𝑠2 (𝑠 2 + 4)

∞
1 𝑠2 + 4 1 −1
𝑠
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) + 8 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ]
4 𝑠2 2 2𝑠

When 𝑠 → ∞
4
𝑠2 + 4 𝑠 2 (1 + 2 ) 4
lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑠 = lim 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 + ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 = 0
𝑠→∞ 𝑠2 𝑠→∞ 𝑠2 𝑠→∞ 𝑠2

1 𝜋 𝑠2 + 4 −1
𝑠
= [0 + 4 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − 4𝑡𝑎𝑛 ]
4 2 𝑠2 2

𝜋 1 𝑠2 + 4 −1
𝑠
= [ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ]
2 4 𝑠2 2
11
EM III_SMITA N
 𝜋 1 𝑠2 + 4 −1
𝑠
= − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 4 𝑠2 2

𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒕
8) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution
𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 = [3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃]
4

1
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 = [3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = 𝐿[3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]
4

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = [𝐿[3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]]
4

1 1 3
= [3 2 − ]
4 𝑠 + 12 𝑠 2 + 32

1 3 3
𝐿[𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡] = [ − ]
4 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 12 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 32

12
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
𝑒 2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡 1 3 3
𝐿[ ]=∫ [ − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 4 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 12 (𝑠 − 2)2 + 32
𝑠

∞
3 1(𝑠 − 2)
= [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠 − 2) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ]
4 3 3 𝑠

3 𝜋 1𝜋 1 (𝑠 − 2)
= [ − − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠 − 2) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ]
4 2 32 3 3

3 𝜋 1 𝜋 (𝑠 − 2)
= [ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠 − 2) − [ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ]]
4 2 3 2 3

3 1 (𝑠 − 2)
= [𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 (𝑠 − 2) − [ 𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 ]]
4 3 3

3 1 (𝑠 − 2)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (𝑠 − 2) − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1
4 4 3

𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝒕
9) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

Solution

13
EM III_SMITA N
 −2𝑡 −2𝑡
𝑒𝑡 + 𝑒−𝑡
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 ( )
2

1 −𝑡
= [𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 + 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]
2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]]
2

𝟐
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕] =
𝒔 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐

1 2 2
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 22 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 22

∞
𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 1 1
𝐿[ ]=∫[ + ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 22 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 22
𝑠

1 −1
(𝑠 + 1) 1 −1
(𝑠 + 3) ∞
= [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ]
2 2 2 2 𝑠

1𝜋 1𝜋 1 (𝑠 + 1) 1 (𝑠 + 3)
= + − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
22 22 2 2 2 2

14
EM III_SMITA N
 𝜋 1 (𝑠 + 1) 1 (𝑠 + 3)
= − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
2 2 2 2 2

𝒆−𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕
10) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕
𝑠+1
Ans: cot −1 ( )
𝑎

𝟏−𝒆𝟐𝒕
11) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕
𝑠−2
Ans: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
𝑠

𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
12) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕
𝑠+3
Ans: cot −1 ( )
2

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒕
𝟏𝟑) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕
1 𝑠2 +4
Ans: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
4 𝑠2

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒕
𝟏𝟒) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕
1 𝑠2 +𝑏2
Ans: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
2 𝑠2 +𝑎2

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓𝒕
𝟏𝟓) 𝑳 [ ]
𝒕

15
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠2 +36
Ans: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
4 𝑠2 +16

∞ (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒕−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕)
16) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
𝑡

∞
(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡)
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡]

𝑠 𝑠
= −
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠 2 + 22
∞
(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿[ ]=∫[ 2 − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 22
𝑠

16
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
1 2
1 2
= [ log (𝑠 + 9) − log (𝑠 + 4)]
2 2 𝑠

∞
1 𝑠2 + 9
= [ log 2 ]
2 𝑠 +4 𝑠

1 𝑠2 + 9
= 0 − log 2
2 𝑠 +4

1 𝑠2 + 4
= log 2
2 𝑠 +9

put 𝒔 = 𝟏

∞
(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) 1 1+4
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = log
𝑡 2 1+9
0

1 5
= log
2 10

1 1
= log
2 2

∞ (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕)
17) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution
17
EM III_SMITA N
 By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
𝑡

∞
(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡]

𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 + 𝑩) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 − 𝑩)

2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = sin(2𝑡 + 3𝑡) − sin (2𝑡 − 3𝑡)

2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = sin 5𝑡 − sin (−𝑡)

= sin 5𝑡 + sint

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 = [sin 5𝑡 + sint]
2

1
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] = 𝐿[sin 5𝑡 + sint]
2
18
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [𝐿[sin 5𝑡] + 𝐿[sint]]
2

1 5 1
= [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 + 52 𝑠 2 + 1

∞
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 1 5 1
𝐿[ ]=∫[ [ 2 + ]] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 𝑠 + 52 𝑠 2 + 1
𝑠

−1 ∞
1 1 𝑠
= [5 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠]
2 5 5
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠
= [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠]
2 5 𝑠

1 𝜋 𝜋 𝑠
= [ + − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠]
2 2 2 5

1 𝜋 𝑠 𝜋
= [ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠]
2 2 5 2
1 𝑠
= [cot−1 + cot−1 𝑠]
2 5

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

19
EM III_SMITA N
 1 2
= [cot−1 + cot−1 2]
2 5

∞ (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕)
18) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒆𝒕 𝒕

Solution
∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
0

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
𝑡

∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡) (𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡)
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡]

3 2
= +
𝑠 2 + 32 𝑠 2 + 22

20
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡) 3 2
𝐿[ ] = [∫ [ 2 + ] 𝑑𝑠]
𝑡 𝑠 + 32 𝑠 2 + 22
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠 1 𝑠
= [3 tan−1 + 2 tan−1 ]
3 3 2 2𝑠

−1
𝑠 −1
𝑠 ∞
= [tan + tan ]
3 2𝑠

𝜋 𝜋 𝑠 𝑠
= + − tan−1 − tan−1
2 2 3 2

𝑠 𝑠
= 𝜋 − tan−1 − tan−1
3 2

𝐴+𝐵
tan−1 𝐴 + tan−1 𝐵 = tan−1 [ ]
1 − 𝐴𝐵

𝑠 𝑠
𝑠 𝑠 +
−1 −1 −1 3 2]
tan + tan = tan [ 𝑠 𝑠
3 2 1−
32

put 𝒔 = 𝟏

21
EM III_SMITA N
 5
1 1
tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1 [ 6 ]
3 2 5
6

𝜋
= tan−1 [1] =
4

∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡) 𝜋 3𝜋
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋 − =
𝑡 4 4
0

∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
19) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
𝑡

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

22
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 ] = 𝐿[ ]
𝑡 2 𝑡

1 (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= 𝐿[ ]
2 𝑡

𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

𝟏
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕] =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

1 1
𝐿[(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = −
(𝑠 − 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1

∞
1 (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 1 1
𝐿[ ]= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑡 2 (𝑠 − 1)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1
𝑠

1
= [tan−1 (𝑠 − 1) − tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]∞
𝑠
2

1 𝜋 𝜋
= [ − − tan−1 (𝑠 − 1) + tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]
2 2 2

1
= [− tan−1 (𝑠 − 1) + tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]
2

23
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐴−𝐵
tan−1 𝐴 − tan−1 𝐵 = tan−1 [ ]
1 + 𝐴𝐵

(𝑠 + 1) − (𝑠 − 1)
tan−1 (𝑠 + 1) − tan−1 (𝑠 − 1) = tan−1 [ ]
1 + (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 − 1)

1 (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 (𝑠 + 1) − (𝑠 − 1)
𝐿[ ] = [tan−1 [ ]]
2 𝑡 2 1 + (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 − 1)

Put 𝒔 = 𝟐

1 (2 + 1) − (2 − 1)
= [tan−1 [ ]]
2 1 + (2 + 1)(2 − 1)

1 3−1
= [tan−1 [ ]]
2 1 + (3)(1)

1 2
= tan−1 [ ]
2 4

1 1
= tan−1 [ ]
2 2

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 1
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = tan−1 [ ]
𝑡 2 2
0

24
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝝅
20) Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒆−√𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒕 𝒅𝒕 =
𝒕 𝟖

(Put 𝒔 = √𝟐 in the above problem)

∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝟏 𝟐𝒂
21) Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ]
𝒕 𝟐 𝟏+𝒔𝟐 −𝒂𝟐

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 𝑠
𝑡

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 (𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝐿[ ] = 𝐿[ ]
𝑡 2 𝑡

1 (𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= 𝐿[ ]
2 𝑡

𝐿[(𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] − 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡]

25
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟏
𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕] =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

1 1
𝐿[(𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = −
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)2 + 1

∞
1 (𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 1 1
𝐿[ ]= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑡 2 (𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)2 + 1
𝑠

1
= [tan−1 (𝑠 − 𝑎) − tan−1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)]∞
𝑠
2

1 𝜋 𝜋
= [ − − tan−1 (𝑠 − 𝑎) + tan−1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)]
2 2 2

1
= [− tan−1 (𝑠 − 𝑎) + tan−1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)]
2

𝑨−𝑩
𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝑨 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝑩 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ]
𝟏 + 𝑨𝑩

(𝑠 + 𝑎) − (𝑠 − 𝑎)
tan−1 (𝑠 + 𝑎) − tan−1 (𝑠 − 𝑎) = tan−1 [ ]
1 + (𝑠 + 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑎)

1 (𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 (𝑠 + 𝑎) − (𝑠 − 𝑎)
𝐿[ ] = [tan−1 [ ]]
2 𝑡 2 1 + (𝑠 + 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑎)

26
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠+𝑎−𝑠+𝑎
= [tan−1 [ ]]
2 1 + (𝑠 + 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑎)

1 2𝑎
= [tan−1 [ ]]
2 1 + 𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 2𝑎
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = tan−1 [ ]
𝑡 2 1 + 𝑠 2 − 𝑎2
0

∞ 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 −𝒆−𝟑𝒕
22) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 0
𝑡

∞
𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 ] = 𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑡 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 ]

27
EM III_SMITA N
 1 1
= −
𝑠+2 𝑠+3

∞
−2𝑡 −3𝑡
𝑒 −𝑒 1 1
𝐿[ ]=∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠+2 𝑠+3
𝑠

= [log(𝑠 + 2) − log (𝑠 + 3)]∞

𝑠

𝑠+2 ∞
= [log ]
𝑠+3 𝑠

𝑠+2
= 0 − log
𝑠+3

𝑠+3
= log
𝑠+2

𝑷𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎

𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 3
𝐿[ ] = log
𝑡 2

∞
𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −3𝑡 3
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = log
𝑡 2
0

28
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝒆−𝒕 −𝒆−𝟑𝒕
23) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Ans: log3
∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏√𝟑𝒕
24) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛√3𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
𝑡

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛√3𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛√3𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

√3 √3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛√3𝑡] = 2 =
𝑠 2 + √3 𝑠2 + 3

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛√3𝑡 √3
𝐿[ ]=∫[ 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 +3
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠
= [√3 × tan−1 ]
√3 √3 𝑠

29
EM III_SMITA N
 𝜋 𝑠
= − tan−1
2 √3

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟏

𝜋 1
= − tan−1
2 √3

𝜋 𝜋
= −
2 6

𝜋
=
3

∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒕
25) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform
𝒕
1
Ans:cot −1 ( )
3

∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒕
26) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform
𝒕

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

30
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 0
𝑡

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

2 2
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡] = =
𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠 2 + 4

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 2
𝐿[ ]=∫[ 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 +4
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠
= [2 × tan−1 ]
2 2𝑠

𝜋 𝑠
= − tan−1
2 2

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟎

𝜋
= − tan−1 (0)
2

𝜋 𝜋
= −0=
2 2

31
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒕
27) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒅𝒕 by using Laplace Transform.
𝒕

Solution

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
𝑡

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡] = 𝐿 [ ] = [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ]]
2 2

1
= [𝐿[𝑒 𝑡 ] − 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 ]]
2

1 1 1
= [ − ]
2 𝑠−1 𝑠+1

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑡 1 1 1
𝐿[ ]= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 𝑠−1 𝑠+1
𝑠

32
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [log(𝑠 − 1) − log (𝑠 + 1)]∞
𝑠
2

1 𝑠−1 ∞
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 𝑠+1 𝑠

1 𝑠−1
= [0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 𝑠+1

1 𝑠+1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 𝑠−1

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝟐

1 2+1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 2−1

1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
2

∞ (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒕) 𝒔(𝒂+𝒃)
28) Prove that ∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = 𝝅 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ]
𝒕 𝒂𝒃−𝒔𝟐

Solution
By the definition of Laplace Transform
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

33
EM III_SMITA N
 Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 𝑠
𝑡

∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡
∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [ ]
𝑡 𝑡
0

𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡] + 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡 ]

𝑎 𝑏
= +
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡 𝑎 𝑏
𝑳[ ]=∫[ 2 + ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2
𝑠

∞
1 𝑠 1 𝑠
= [𝑎 tan−1 + 𝑏 tan−1 ]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑠

−1
𝑠 −1
𝑠 ∞
= [tan + tan ]
𝑎 𝑏𝑠

𝜋 𝜋 𝑠 𝑠
= + − tan−1 − tan−1
2 2 𝑎 𝑏

𝑠 𝑠
= 𝜋 − (tan−1 + tan−1 )
𝑎 𝑏
34
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑨+𝑩
𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝑨 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝑩 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ]
𝟏 − 𝑨𝑩

𝑠 𝑠
𝑠 𝑠 +
−1 −1 −1 𝑎 𝑏]
tan + tan = tan [ 𝑠 𝑠
𝑎 𝑏 1−
𝑎𝑏

𝑠𝑏 + 𝑠𝑎
= tan−1 [ 𝑎𝑏 2 ]
𝑎𝑏 − 𝑠
𝑎𝑏

𝑠𝑏 + 𝑠𝑎
= tan−1 [ ]
𝑎𝑏 − 𝑠 2

∞
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑡) 𝑠(𝑏 + 𝑎)
∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋 − tan−1 [ ]
𝑡 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑠 2
0

𝒆−𝒂𝒕 −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒕
29) Find the Laplace transform of . Hence evaluate
𝒕
∞ 𝒆−𝒕 −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
∫𝟎 𝒅𝒕
𝒕𝒆𝟒𝒕

Solution
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝐿[ ]
𝑡
35
EM III_SMITA N
 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡] = 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ] − 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡]

1 𝑠
= − 2
𝑠 + 𝑎 𝑠 + 𝑎2

∞
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑡 1 𝑠
𝐿[ ]=∫[ − 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎 𝑠 + 𝑎2
𝑠

1
= log(𝑠 + 𝑎) − log (𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )
2

1 1
= log(𝑠 + 𝑎)2 − log (𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )
2 2

∞
1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)2
= [ log 2 ]
2 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠

1 (𝑠 + 𝑎)2
= 0 − log 2
2 𝑠 + 𝑎2

1 𝑠 2 + 𝑎2
= log … … … . (1)
2 (𝑠 + 𝑎)2

36
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ ∞
𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 −4𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
𝑡𝑒 4𝑡 𝑡
0 0

Put 𝑎 = 1 & 𝑠 = 4 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (1)

1 42 + 12
= log
2 (4 + 1)2

∞
𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 1 17
∫ 𝑑𝑡 = log
𝑡𝑒 4𝑡 2 25
0

37
EM III_SMITA N
 Laplace Transform of derivatives

If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = 𝑭(𝒔),then
𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)
= 𝒔𝑭(𝒔) − 𝒇(𝟎)
𝑳[𝒇′′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝟐 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒔𝒇(𝟎) − 𝒇′ (𝟎)
= 𝒔𝟐 𝑭(𝒔) − 𝒔𝒇(𝟎) − 𝒇′ (𝟎)
𝑳[𝒇′′′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝟑 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒔𝟐 𝒇(𝟎) − 𝒔𝒇′ (𝟎) − 𝒇′′ (𝟎)
= 𝒔𝟑 𝑭(𝒔) − 𝒔𝟐 𝒇(𝟎) − 𝒔𝒇′ (𝟎) − 𝒇′′ (𝟎)

EXAMPLES
1) 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟑 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟓
=𝟎 𝒕>𝟓
Find 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)]

Solution:
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0
5 ∞ 5
−𝑠𝑡 −𝑠𝑡
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 (3)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 (0)𝑑𝑡 = 3 [ ] +0
−𝑠 0
0 5

1
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑒 −5𝑠 1
= 3[ − ( )]
−𝑠 −𝑠

𝑒 −5𝑠 1
= 3[ + ]
−𝑠 𝑠

3
= (1 − 𝑒−5𝑠 )
𝑠

3
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = (1 − 𝑒 −5𝑠 )
𝑠

𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠𝐿[𝑓 (𝑡)] − 𝑓 (0)

3
= 𝑠 [ (1 − 𝑒 −5𝑠 )] − 3
𝑠

= 3(1 − 𝑒 −5𝑠 ) − 3

𝟐) 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟑

=𝟔 𝒕>𝟑
Find 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)]
Solution:

𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = ∫ 𝒆−𝒔𝒕 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕

𝟎

2
EM III_SMITA N
 3 ∞

= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (6)𝑑𝑡

0 3

3 ∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= [𝑡 ( )−∫ 𝑑𝑡] + 6 [( )]
−𝑠 −𝑠 0
−𝑠 3

3 ∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= [𝑡 ( ) − 2 ] + 6 [( )]
−𝑠 𝑠 0 −𝑠 3

𝑒 −3𝑠 𝑒 −3𝑠 1 𝑒 −3𝑠

= [3 ( ) − 2 − (0 − 2 )] + 6 [0 − ( )]
−𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 −𝑠

𝑒 −3𝑠 𝑒 −3𝑠 1 6𝑒 −3𝑠

=3 − 2 + 2+
−𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

1 −3𝑠
3 1
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = + 𝑒 ( − )
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠2

𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠𝐿[𝑓 (𝑡)] − 𝑓 (0)

1 −3𝑠
3 1
= 𝑠[ + 𝑒 ( − )] − 0
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠2

1 1
= + 𝑒 −3𝑠 (3 − )
𝑠 𝑠

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒕
3) 𝑳[ ( )]
𝒅𝒕 𝒕

Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑡

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 1

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ∞ 1
𝐿[ ] = ∫𝑠 ds = [tan−1 𝑠]∞
𝑠
𝑡 𝑠2 +1

𝜋
= tan−1 ∞ - tan−1 𝑠 = – tan−1 𝑠 =cot −1 𝑠
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿 [ ] = cot −1 𝑠 = 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑡

𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑
𝐿[ ( )] = 𝐿 [ 𝑓(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)]
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)

= 𝑠 cot −1 𝑠 − 𝑓 (0)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑡

4
EM III_SMITA N
As 𝑡 → 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= lim =1
𝑡→0 𝑡

𝑓(0) = 1

𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠 cot −1 𝑠 − 1

𝒅 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
4) [ ]
𝒅𝒕 𝒕

Solution:
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) =
𝑡

1 𝑠
𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡] = −
𝑠 𝑠2 + 1

∞
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 1 𝑠
𝐿[ ]=∫ [ − 2 ] ds
𝑡 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 1

1 1 ∞
= [ log𝑠 2 − log(𝑠 2 + 1)]
2 2 𝑠

∞
1 𝑠2
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 𝑠2 +1 𝑠

5
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠2
= 0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2 𝑠 +1

1 𝑠2 + 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 𝑠2

𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)

2𝑡
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑓(𝑡) = =
𝑡 𝑡

𝑓(0) = lim 𝑓(𝑡)

𝑡→0

𝑡
2𝑠𝑖𝑛2
= lim 2
𝑡→0 𝑡

𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
= lim ( 𝑡 2 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 0
𝑡→0 2
2

1 𝑠2 +1
𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] − 𝑓(0) = 𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔 −0
2 𝑠2

6
EM III_SMITA N
 𝟐𝝎𝒔
5) 𝑰𝒇 𝑳[𝒕𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝎𝒕] = 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑳[𝝎𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝎𝒕 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝎𝒕]
(𝒔𝟐 +𝝎𝟐 )𝟐

Solution:

Let 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡

𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝜔𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡

𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)

2𝜔𝑠
=𝑠 −0
(𝑠 2 + 𝜔 2 )2

2𝜔𝑠 2
= 2
(𝑠 + 𝜔 2 )2

𝟔) 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕 + 𝟏 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐

=𝟑 𝒕>𝟐
Find 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] , 𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)], 𝑳[𝒇′′ (𝒕)]

Solution:
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0

7
EM III_SMITA N
 2 ∞

= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (3)𝑑𝑡

0 2

2 ∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= [(𝑡 + 1) ( )−∫ 𝑑𝑡] + 3 [( )]
−𝑠 −𝑠 0
−𝑠 2

2 ∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= [(𝑡 + 1) ( ) − 2 ] + 3 [( )]
−𝑠 𝑠 0 −𝑠 2

𝑒 −2𝑠 𝑒 −2𝑠 1 1 𝑒 −2𝑠

= [3 ( ) − 2 − ( − 2 )] + 3 [0 − ( )]
−𝑠 𝑠 −𝑠 𝑠 −𝑠

𝑒 −2𝑠 𝑒 −2𝑠 1 1 3𝑒 −3𝑠

=3 − 2 + + 2+
−𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

1 1 𝑒 −2𝑠
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = + 2 − 2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)

1 1 𝑒 −2𝑠
= 𝑠[ + 2 − 2 ]−1
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

8
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑒 −2𝑠
=1+ − −1
𝑠 𝑠

1 𝑒 −2𝑠
= −
𝑠 𝑠

𝑳[𝒇′′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝟐 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒔𝒇(𝟎) − 𝒇′ (𝟎)

At 𝑡 = 0 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑡 + 1 𝑓(0) = 1

𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 1 𝑓 ′ (0) = 1

−2𝑠
1 1 𝑒
𝐿[𝑓 ′′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠 2 ( + 2 − 2 ) − 𝑠(1) − 1
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

𝐿[𝑓 ′′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠 + 1 − 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 − 𝑠 − 1

𝐿[𝑓 ′′ (𝑡)] = −𝒆−𝟐𝒔

−𝟏
√𝝅 𝒄𝒐𝒔√𝒕 𝝅 −𝟏
7) Given 𝑳[𝒔𝒊𝒏√𝒕] = 𝟑 𝒆𝟒𝒔 .prove that 𝑳[ ] = √ 𝒆 𝟒𝒔
√𝒕 𝒔
𝟐𝒔𝟐

Solution:
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑡

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡
𝑓 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 =
2√𝑡 2√𝑡

9
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)] = 𝒔𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] − 𝒇(𝟎)

𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 √𝜋 −1
𝐿[ ] = 𝑠 3 𝑒 4𝑠 − 0
2√𝑡 2𝑠 2

𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 √𝜋 −1
𝐿[ ] = 1 𝑒 4𝑠
√𝑡 𝑠2

𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑡 𝜋 −1
𝐿[ ] = √ 𝑒 4𝑠
√𝑡 𝑠

8) 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟒 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟑

=𝟎 𝒕>𝟑
Find 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳[𝒇′ (𝒕)]

Solution:
∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

0
3 ∞ 3
−𝑠𝑡 −𝑠𝑡
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= ∫ 𝑒 (4)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 (0)𝑑𝑡 = 4 [ ] +0
−𝑠 0
0 3

𝑒 −3𝑠 1
= 4[ − ( )]
−𝑠 −𝑠
10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑒 −3𝑠 1
= 4[ + ]
−𝑠 𝑠

𝟒
= (𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟑𝒔 )
𝒔

4
𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = (1 − 𝑒 −3𝑠 )
𝑠

𝐿[𝑓 ′ (𝑡)] = 𝑠𝐿[𝑓 (𝑡)] − 𝑓 (0)

4
= 𝑠 [ (1 − 𝑒 −3𝑠 )] − 4
𝑠

= 4(1 − 𝑒 −3𝑠 ) − 4

= −4𝑒 −3𝑠

11
EM III_SMITA N
 Laplace transform of Integral

If 𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)] = 𝑭(𝒔),then

𝒕
𝑳[𝒇(𝒕)]
𝑳 [∫ 𝒇(𝒖)𝒅𝒖] =
𝒔
𝟎

𝒕
1) 𝑳[∫𝟎 𝒆−𝟑𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒖𝒅𝒖]

Solution:
4
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢] =
𝑠 2 + 42

4
𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢] =
(𝑠 + 3)2 + 42

𝑡
1 4
𝐿[∫ 𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 42
0
𝑡
1 4
𝐿[∫ 𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 9 + 16)
0

𝑡
1 4
𝐿[∫ 𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 25)
0

1
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡

2)𝐿 [∫ xcosx 𝑑𝑥 ]
0

Solution:
𝑠
𝐿(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) =
𝑠2 + 1

𝑑 𝑠
𝐿(𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) = − [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 1
(𝑠 2 + 1)1 − 𝑠(2𝑠)
=−
(𝑠 2 + 1)2
1 − 𝑠2
=− 2
(𝑠 + 1)2

𝑡 𝑠 2 −1
𝐿[∫0 xcos 𝑑𝑥 ] = 𝑠(𝑠2+1)

𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑢
3) 𝐿 [∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢]
0 𝑢

Solution:
1 1
𝐿(1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 ) = −
𝑠 𝑠+1

1−𝑒 −𝑢 ∞ 1 1
L( 𝑢
) =∫𝑠 (𝑠 − 𝑠+1) ds

2
EM III_SMITA N
 = [𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − log (𝑠 + 1)]∞
𝑠

𝑠 ∞
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
𝑠+1 𝑠

𝑠
= 0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑠+1

𝑠+1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑠

𝑡
4) 𝐿[∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢]

Solution:
𝛤(5 + 1)
𝐿 [𝑢 5 ] =
𝑠5+1

𝛤(6) 5! 120
𝐿 [𝑢 5 ] = = =
𝑠6 𝑠6 𝑠6

120
𝐿 [𝑢 5 ] =
𝑠6

120
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢5 ] =
(𝑠 + 1)6

𝑡
1 120
𝐿[∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑢5 𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠 (𝑠 + 1)6
0

3
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢
5) 𝐿[∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢]
𝑢

Solution:
4
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 42

𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢 ∞ 4
𝐿[ ]=∫ 2 2
ds
𝑢 𝑠 𝑠 +4

1 𝑠 ∞
−1
= 4[ tan ]
4 4 𝑠

𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢 𝜋 𝑠 𝑠+1
𝐿[ ] = − tan−1 = cot−1
𝑢 2 4 4

𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢 𝑠+1
𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑢 ] = cot−1
𝑢 4

𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢 1 𝑠+1
𝐿[∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = cot−1
𝑢 𝑠 4
0

𝑡
6) 𝐿[∫0 𝑢𝑒−2𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢]
Solution:
3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 32

4
EM III_SMITA N
 3
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] =
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 32

𝑑 3
𝐿[𝑢𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] = − [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 32

𝑑 3
=− [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 4 + 9

𝑑 3
=− [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 13

(𝑠2 + 4𝑠 + 13)(0) − 3(2𝑠 + 4)

= −[ 2 2 ]
(𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 13)

−6𝑠 − 12
= −[ 2 2 ]
(𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 13)

6𝑠 + 12
=
(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 13)2

𝑡
6𝑠 + 12
𝐿[∫ 𝑢𝑒−𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] = 2
𝑠(𝑠2 + 4𝑠 + 13)
0

5
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡
7) 𝐿[∫0 (𝑢𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢]
Solution:
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = 2

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢] =𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢]
2

1 1 𝑠
= 2 [𝑠 − 𝑠2 +22 ]

1 1 𝑠+3
𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢] = 2 [𝑠+3 − (𝑠+3)2 +22 ]

𝑑
L( 𝑢𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 ) = − [L( 𝑒 −3𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑢 )]
𝑑𝑠

1𝑑 1 𝑠+3
=− [ − ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 3 (𝑠 + 3)2 + 22

1𝑑 1 𝑠+3
=− [ − 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 3 𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 9 + 4

1 𝑑 1 𝑠+3
=− [ − 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 3 𝑠 + 6𝑠 + 13
6
EM III_SMITA N
 1 −1 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 13)(1) − (𝑠 + 3)(2𝑠 + 6)
=− [ − ]
2 (𝑠 + 3)2 (𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 13)2

1 −1 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)−(2𝑠 2 +6𝑠++6𝑠+18)
=− [ − ]
2 (𝑠+3)2 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)2

1 1 𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13−2𝑠 2 −12𝑠−18
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠+3)2 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)2

1 1 −𝑠 2 −6𝑠−5
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠+3)2 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)2

1 1 𝑠 2 +6𝑠+5
= [ − ]
2 (𝑠+3)2 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)2

𝑡 1 1 𝑠 2 +6𝑠+5
𝐿[∫0 (𝑢𝑒 −3𝑢 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢)𝑑𝑢]= [ − ]
2𝑠 (𝑠+3)2 (𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13)2

𝑡
8) 𝐿[𝑡 ∫0 (𝑒 −2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢]

Solution:
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢] =𝐿 [ ]
2

7
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= 𝐿[1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢]
2

1 1 𝑠
= 2 [𝑠 + 𝑠2 +22 ]

1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿[𝑒 −2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢] = 2 [𝑠+2 − (𝑠+2)2 +22 ]

𝑡
1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿 [∫ (𝑒 −2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢] = [ − 2 ]
0 2𝑠 𝑠 + 2 𝑠 + 4𝑠 + 4 + 4

1 1 𝑠+2
= [ − ]
2 𝑠(𝑠 + 2) 𝑠(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 8)

1 1 𝑠+2
= [ 2 − ]
2 (𝑠 + 2𝑠) (𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)

𝑡
𝑑 1 1 𝑠+2
𝐿[𝑡 ∫ (𝑒 −2𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢] = − [ 2 − 3 ]
0 𝑑𝑠 2 (𝑠 + 2𝑠) (𝑠 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)

1𝑑 1 𝑠+2
=− [ 2 − 3 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 + 2𝑠) (𝑠 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)

8
EM III_SMITA N
 1 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠)(0) − 1(2𝑠 + 2)
=− [
2 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠)2
(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)(1) − (𝑠 + 2)(3𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 8)
− ]
(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)2
1 −2𝑠 − 2
=− [ 2
2 (𝑠 + 2𝑠)2
(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠) − (3𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 6𝑠 2 + 16𝑠 + 16)
− ]
(𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)2

1 2𝑠 + 2 −2𝑠 3 − 10𝑠 2 − 16𝑠 − 16)

= [ 2 + ]
2 (𝑠 + 2𝑠)2 (𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)2

𝑠+1 𝑠 3 + 5𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 2)
= 2 −
(𝑠 + 2𝑠)2 (𝑠 3 + 4𝑠 2 + 8𝑠)2

𝑡
9) 𝐿[𝑒 −3𝑡 ∫0 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢]

Solution:
3
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 32

𝑑 3
𝐿[𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢] = − [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 32

(𝑠2 + 9)(0) − 3(2𝑠)

= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠2 + 9)

9
EM III_SMITA N
 −6𝑠
= −[ 2 2 ]
(𝑠 + 9)

6𝑠
=
(𝑠 2 + 9)2

𝑡
6𝑠
𝐿[∫ 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢[= 2
0 𝑠(𝑠2 + 9)

6
= 2
(𝑠2 + 9)

𝑡
6
−3𝑡
𝐿 [𝑒 ∫ 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = 2
0 ((𝑠 + 3)2 + 9)

𝑡
6
−3𝑡
𝐿 [𝑒 ∫ 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = 2
0 (𝑠2 + 6𝑠 + 9 + 9)

𝑡
6
−3𝑡
𝐿 [𝑒 ∫ 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = 2
0 (𝑠2 + 6𝑠 + 18)

𝑡
10) 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0
Solution:
𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] =
𝑠2 − 12
10
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠−1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] =
(𝑠 − 1)2 − 12

𝑠−1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] =
𝑠2 − 2𝑠 + 1 − 1

𝑠−1
𝐿[𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] =
𝑠2 − 2𝑠

𝑡
𝑠−1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢] =
0 𝑠(𝑠2 − 2𝑠)

𝑡 𝑡
𝑢
𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐿 [( ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢]
0 2 0

𝑡
1
= 𝐿 [(𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢]
2 0

𝑡 𝑡
1
= 𝐿 [(𝑒 ∫ 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑒 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢)]
𝑡 𝑢 −𝑡
2 0 0

𝑡
𝑠−1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢] =
0 𝑠(𝑠2 − 2𝑠)

11
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡 𝑡
1
𝐿 [(𝑒 𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢)]
2 0 0
1 𝑠−1−1 𝑠+1−1
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 1)[(𝑠 − 1)2 − 2(𝑠 − 1)] (𝑠 + 1)[(𝑠 + 1)2 − 2(𝑠 + 1) ]

1 𝑠−2 𝑠
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 1)2 [(𝑠 − 1 − 2] (𝑠 + 1)2 [(𝑠 + 1 − 2]

1 𝑠−2 𝑠
= [ + ]
2 (𝑠 − 1)2 [(𝑠 − 3] (𝑠 + 1)2 [(𝑠 − 1]

𝑡
11) 𝐿[𝑡 −1 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢]
Solution:

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 12

1
𝐿[𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢] =
(𝑠 + 1)2 + 12

𝑡
1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠((𝑠 + 1)2 + 12 )
0

12
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡
1
−𝑢
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠(𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 1 + 1)
0

𝑡
1
−𝑢
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠(𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
0

𝑡 ∞
1
𝐿[𝑡 −1 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑠
𝑠(𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
0 𝑠

By Partial Fractions

1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶
= +
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)

1 = 𝐴(𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2) + 𝑠(𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 0
1 = 𝐴(2)
1
𝐴=
2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1
1 = 𝐴(1 + 2 + 2) + (𝐵 + 𝐶)

13
EM III_SMITA N
 1 = 5𝐴 + 𝐵+𝐶

1
1 = 5( ) + 𝐵 + 𝐶
2
5
1= + 𝐵+𝐶
2
5
𝐵+𝐶 =1−
2
3
𝐵 + 𝐶 = − … … … (1)
2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = −1
1 = 𝐴(1 − 2 + 2) − (−𝐵 + 𝐶)

1=𝐴+ 𝐵−𝐶

1
1= + 𝐵−𝐶
2
1
1= + 𝐵−𝐶
2
1
𝐵−𝐶 =1−
2
1
𝐵+𝐶 = … … … (2)
2

Solving (1) & (2)

−1
𝐵= 𝐶 = −1
2

Substituting in

14
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶
= +
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)

−1
1 1/2 ( 2 )𝑠 − 1
= + 2
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠 (𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)

1 −𝑠 − 2
= +
2𝑠 2(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)

1 𝑠+2
= −
2𝑠 2(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)

1 1 𝑠+2
= [ − 2 ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2)

𝑡 ∞
1
𝐿[𝑡 −1 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑠
𝑠(𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
0 𝑠

∞
1 1 𝑠+2
=∫ [ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
𝑠

∞
1 1 1 2(𝑠 + 2)
= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 2 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
𝑠

15
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞
1 1 1 2𝑠 + 4
= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 2 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
𝑠

∞
1 1 1 (2𝑠 + 2) + 2
= ∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 2 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
𝑠

∞
1 1 1 (2𝑠 + 2) 2
= ∫[ − [ + ]] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 2 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2) (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
𝑠

∞
1 1 1 (2𝑠 + 2) 2
= ∫[ − [ + ]] 𝑑𝑠
2 𝑠 2 (𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2) (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1)
𝑠

∞
1 1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − [𝑙𝑜𝑔((𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2) + 2 tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]]
2 2
𝑠

1 1 1 ∞
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔((𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2) − tan (𝑠 + 1)]
2 −1
2 2 2 𝑠

∞
1 1 𝑠2
= [ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
− tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]
2 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
𝑠

16
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝜋 1 𝑠2
= [0 − − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]
2 2 2 𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2

1 1 𝑠2 𝜋
= [− 𝑙𝑜𝑔 − + tan−1 (𝑠 + 1)]
2 2 𝑠2 + 2𝑠 + 2 2

1 1 𝑠2 𝜋
= [− 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
− ( − tan−1 (𝑠 + 1))]
2 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 2

1 1 𝑠2
= [− 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
− (cot−1 (𝑠 + 1))]
2 2 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2

1 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
− (cot −1 (𝑠 + 1))
4 𝑠 2

𝑡 𝒔𝟐 +𝟔𝒔−𝟕
12) 𝐿[∫0 (𝑢𝑒 −3𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢] 𝑨𝒏𝒔:
𝟏
𝟐𝒔(𝒔+𝟑) 𝟐
+
𝟏
𝟐 𝒔(𝒔𝟐 +𝟔𝒔+𝟐𝟓)𝟐

𝑡 𝒔𝟐 −𝟒
13) 𝐿[∫0 (𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢)𝑑𝑢] 𝑨𝒏𝒔:
𝟏
𝟐𝒔 𝟑
+
𝟏
𝟐 𝒔(𝒔𝟐 +𝟒)𝟐

𝑡
14) 𝐿[∫0 (𝑢−1 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢)𝑑𝑢] 𝟏
𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 (𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝒔

𝑡
15) 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑡 ∫0 (𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢)𝑑𝑢] 𝑨𝒏𝒔:
𝒔
(𝒔+𝟏)𝟐 (𝒔−𝟏)

17
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡 𝑡
16) 𝐿 [∫0 ∫0 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡]
Solution:

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 12

𝑑 1
𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡] = − [ ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠2 + 12

(𝑠2 + 1)(0) − 1(2𝑠)

= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠2 + 1)

−2𝑠
= −[ 2 ]
(𝑠2 + 1)

2𝑠
=
(𝑠 2 + 1) 2

𝑡
2𝑠
𝐿 [∫ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡] = 2
𝑠(𝑠2 + 1)
0
𝑡
2
𝐿 [∫ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡] = 2
(𝑠2 + 1)
0

18
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡 𝑡
2
𝐿 [∫ ∫ 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡] = 2
𝑠(𝑠2 + 1)
0 0

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
17) 𝐿 [∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡]
Solution:

𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡] =
𝑠2 + 22

𝑡
𝑠
𝐿 [∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡] =
𝑠(𝑠2 + 22 )
0

𝑡
1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡] =
(𝑠2 + 4)
0

𝑡 𝑡
1
𝐿 [∫ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡] =
𝑠(𝑠2 + 4)
0 0

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
1
𝐿 [∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡] =
𝑠2 (𝑠2 + 4)
0 0 0

19
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝑡
18) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 (∫0 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace
Transform.
Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
0

∞ 𝑡 𝑡

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (∫ 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [∫ 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢]

0 0 0

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 =
2

1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢]
2

20
EM III_SMITA N
 1
= [𝐿[1] + 𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢]]
2

1 1 𝑠
= [ + 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 +4

1 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢] = [ + 2 ]
2 𝑠 𝑠 +4

1𝑑 1 𝑠
𝐿[𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢] = − [ + 2 ]
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 + 4

1 −1 (𝑠 2 + 4 )(1) − 𝑠(2𝑠)
=− [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 4 )2

1 −1 𝑠 2 + 4 − 2𝑠 2
=− [ 2 + ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 4 )2

1 −1 4 − 𝑠2
=− [ 2 + 2 ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 + 4 )2

1 1 4 − 𝑠2
= [ 2− 2 ]
2 𝑠 (𝑠 + 4 )2
𝑡
2
1 1 4 − 𝑠2
𝐿 [∫ 𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢] = [ 2 − 2 ]
2𝑠 𝑠 (𝑠 + 4 )2
0

21
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1

1 4−1
= [1 − ]
2 (1 + 4 )2

1 3
= [1 − ]
2 25

1 22 11
= [ ]=
2 25 25

∞ 𝑡
19) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace
Transform.
Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑡 ∫ 𝑒−4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
0

∞ 𝑡 𝑡

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢]

0 0 0

22
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠
𝐿[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 1

𝑠+4
−4𝑢
𝐿[𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢] =
(𝑠 + 4)2 + 1

𝑡
−4𝑢
1 𝑠+4
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢] = [ ]
𝑠 (𝑠 + 4)2 + 1
0

𝑠+4
=
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 8𝑠 + 16 + 1)

𝑠+4
=
𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠

𝑡
𝑠+4
𝐿 [∫ 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢] =
𝑠3 + 8𝑠2 + 17𝑠
0
𝑡
𝑑 𝑠+4
𝐿 [𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢] = − [ ]
𝑑𝑠 𝑠3 + 8𝑠2 + 17𝑠
0

(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)(1) − (𝑠 + 4)(3𝑠 2 + 16𝑠 + 17)

= −[ ]
(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)2

𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠 − (3𝑠 3 + 16𝑠 2 + 17𝑠 + 12𝑠 2 + 64𝑠 + 68)

= −[ ]
(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)2

23
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠 − 3𝑠 3 − 16𝑠 2 − 17𝑠 − 12𝑠 2 − 64𝑠 − 68)
= −[ ]
(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)2

−2𝑠 3 − 20𝑠 2 − 64𝑠 − 68)

= −[ ]
(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)2

2𝑠 3 + 20𝑠 2 + 64𝑠 + 68)

=
(𝑠 3 + 8𝑠 2 + 17𝑠)2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1

2 + 20 + 64 + 68)
=
(1 + 8 + 17)2

77
=
338

∞ 𝑡 1−𝑒 −𝑢
20) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 (∫0 𝑢 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace
Transform.
Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑡
1 − 𝑒−𝑢
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
𝑢
0

24
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝑡 𝑡
−2𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 1 − 𝑒 −𝑢
∫𝑒 (∫ 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [∫ 𝑑𝑢]
𝑢 𝑢
0 0 0

𝐿[1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 ] = 𝐿[1] − 𝐿[𝑒 −𝑢 ]

1 1
= −
𝑠 𝑠+1

1 1
𝐿[1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 ] = −
𝑠 𝑠+1

∞
−𝑢
1−𝑒 1 1
𝐿[ ]=∫[ − ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑢 𝑠 𝑠+1
𝑠

1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠 + 1)]∞
𝑠
2

1 𝑠 ∞
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 𝑠+1 𝑠

1 𝑠
= [0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ]
2 𝑠+1

25
EM III_SMITA N
 1 𝑠+1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 𝑠

𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 1 𝑠+1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑑𝑢] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑢 2𝑠 𝑠
0

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2

∞ 𝑡
−2𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 1 2+1
∫𝑒 (∫ 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑢 4 2
0 0

∞ 𝑡
−2𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑢 1 3
∫𝑒 (∫ 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑢 4 2
0 0

∞ 𝑡
21) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 (∫0 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using
Laplace Transform.

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0

Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get

26
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 1
0
∞ 𝑡 𝑡

∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (∫ 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [∫ 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢]
0 0 0

We know that
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 =
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑢
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] = 𝐿 [ ]
2

1
= 𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑢]
2

1 2
= [2 ]
2 𝑠 −4

1
=
𝑠2 − 4

27
EM III_SMITA N
 2
𝑑2 1
2
𝐿[𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] = (−1) [ ]
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠2 − 4

𝑑 (𝑠2 − 4)(0) − 1(2𝑠)

= [ 2 ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠2 − 4)

𝑑 −2𝑠
= [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠2 − 4)2

2
(𝑠2 − 4) (1) − 2𝑠(2)(𝑠2 − 4)(2𝑠)
= −2 [ 4 ]
(𝑠2 − 4)

(𝑠2 − 4) − 8𝑠2
= −2 [ 2 3 ]
(𝑠 − 4)

𝑠2 − 4 − 8𝑠2
= −2 [ 3 ]
(𝑠2 − 4)

−4 − 7𝑠2
= −2 [ 3 ]
(𝑠2 − 4)

−4 − 7𝑠2
2
𝐿[𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢] = −2 [ 3 ]
(𝑠2 − 4)

28
EM III_SMITA N
 𝑡
2 4 + 7𝑠2
𝐿 [∫ 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢 ] = [ 2 ]
𝑠 (𝑠 − 4)3
0

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 1

∞ 𝑡
2 4+7
∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 (∫ 𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = [ ]
1 1 − 4)3
0 0

11 22
= 2[ ]=
−27 27

∞ 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
22) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑡 (∫0 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace
𝑢
Transform.

Solution:

By the definition of Laplace Transform

∞

𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 … … … … . (1)

0
Comparing the R.H.S of equation (1) with the given problem we get
𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
𝑓 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 = 2
𝑢
0

29
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝑡 𝑡
−2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
∫𝑒 (∫ 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐿 [∫ 𝑑𝑢]
𝑢 𝑢
0 0 0

1
𝐿[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢] =
𝑠2 + 1

∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 1
𝐿[ ]=∫[ 2 ] 𝑑𝑠
𝑢 𝑠 +1
𝑠

= [tan−1 𝑠]∞
𝑠

𝜋
= − tan−1 𝑠 = cot−1 𝑠
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢
𝐿[ ] = cot−1 𝑠
𝑢

𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 1 −1
𝐿 [∫ 𝑑𝑢] = cot 𝑠
𝑢 𝑠
0

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2

30
EM III_SMITA N
 ∞ 𝑡
−2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 1 −1
∫𝑒 (∫ 𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 = cot 2
𝑢 2
0 0

∞ 𝑡
23) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −4𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using
Laplace Transform.
31
Ans: 225

∞ 1 𝑡
24) Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑡 ( 𝑡 ∫0 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢) 𝑑𝑡 by using Laplace
Transform.
1 1
Ans: 4 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 − 2 𝐜𝐨𝐭−𝟏 𝟐

31
EM III_SMITA N