Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LAOAG CITY

Department of Education
Laoag City
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LAOAG CITY
Laoag City

WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
SCIENCE
10

LEARNING QUARTER 3

MODULE WEEK 1

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 0

 MODULE IN SCIENCE 10

QUARTER 3
WEEK 1

Roles of Hormones Involved

in the Male and Female
Reproductive System

Development Team
Writer: Madelyn P. Pedro
Editor: Junel L. Corpuz Lovella M. Agcaoili
Flenie A. Galicinao
Lay-out Artist: Flenie A. Galicinao
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda, CESO V
Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan
Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 1

 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC):

Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems
(S10ES –Ia-j-36.3)

Objectives:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. define hormones
2. identify the hormones involved in the male and female reproductive system and
3. explain the role of hormones in the male and female reproductive systems
(S10ES –Ia-j-36.3)

Note: All answers to activities and assessments must be written on a separate sheet
of paper.

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers oon a separate sheet of paper.

1. What part on the female reproductive system produces estrogen?

A. uterus C. ovaries
B. fallopian tubes D. all of the above
2. What is a hormone?
A. a chemical substance C. glands
B. just a thing D. I don’t know
3. Which one here is not a hormone?
A. insulin C. ovary
B. testosterone D. estrogen
4. How do hormones travel from the glands where they are made to their target organs?
A. bloodstream C. bones
B. nerves D. injection
5. What does estrogen do during the menstrual cycle?
A. cause sperm to be produced
B. break down the uterine lining
C. build up the uterine lining
D. inhibit follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 2

 Lesson The Role of Hormones in Female
1 and Male Reproductive Systems

Hormones affect various processes in the human body as they regulate and balance
the functioning of organs, tissues and cells. They have great impact not only on one’s growth,
appearance, emotions but also on the reproductive functions. Hormones act in very small
amounts. An increase or decrease in hormonal levels may result in body disorder due to
hormonal inbalance.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to answer the key question below:

1. What are hormones?

2. What are the hormones involved in male and female reproduction?
3. What are the roles of hormones in male and female reproduction?

What’s In

MATCHING TYPE

Directions:
You have learned about the reproductive systems of males and females in your lower
grades. Let us recall some terms/concepts related to these by matching the parts of these
reproductive organs, both males and females, with the given descriptions in items 1-8. Refer
to the given SET OF FIGURES (Set A) and SET OF TERMS (Set B) for your answers.

SET A: FIGURES

Figure 1: Parts of the Male Reproductive System

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 3

 Figure 2a: Parts of the Female Reproductive System

Figure 2b: Parts of the Female Reproductive System

SET B: SET OF TERMS:

hormones androgen and testosterone

pituitary glands reproductive system

estrogen and progesterone egg cell

Directions: Match each item/description below with the parts of the male/female reproductive
system in the given set of figures (SET A) and given set of terms (SET B) above. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.

________1. They are secreted chemicals that controls various body processes.
________2. They are the hormones released by the male reproductive glands/testes that
control maturation and male characteristics.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 4

________3. They are the hormones released by the female reproductive glands/ovaries that
influence female traits and support reproductive functions.
________4. It is the gland that controls the function of the reproductive organs: ovaries and
testis.
________5. It is the male organ used in sexual intercourse
________6. The cells that are being produced by the ovary.
________7. The part of the male reproductive system that produces sperm cells.
________8. It is the system involved in reproduction.
________9. It is the home of the developing fetus.
_______10. The part of the Female reproductive system where the egg cell and the sperm
cell meets.

What’s New

There are many hormones involved in the reproductive system. Some of the major
hormones involved are estrogen/testosterone, androgen, Luteinizing hormone, Follicle-
stimulating hormone and progesterone. So, you and me, should be equipped with information
about these to keep you abreast and watchful about them so that in times when problems
arise, you will come to understand yourself aside from having a date with your physician.

What Is It

What are hormones?

Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. They
are secreted from the endocrine glands in the body. After being made in one part of the body,
they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their
work. For example, estrogen is a sex hormone responsible for the development and
regulation of the reproductive system and female characteristics such as breast and pubic
hair.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 5

What are the hormones involved in male and female reproduction? What are their
roles and or functions in the said activity?

The two main hormones involved in the reproductions system are estrogen and
testosterone.

1. Oestrogen/Estrogen is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and

regulation of the reproductive system and female characteristics such as breast and
pubic hair. Estrogens cause eggs to mature in ovaries once a girl hits puberty. These are
then released at regular intervals during the menstrual cycle. The ovaries adrenal glands
and fat tissues produce estrogen. Both male and femle produce this hormone but female
create more of it. Estrogen levels vary among individuals. They also fluctuate during the
menstrual cycle and over a female’s lifetime. This fluctuation can sometimes produce
effects such as mood changes before menstruation or hot flashes in menopause.

The following are types of estrogen:

a. Estrone is present in the body after menopause. It is a weaker form of estrogen and
one that the body can convert to other forms of estrogen, as necessary.
b. Estradiol
Both male and female produce estradiol and it is the most common type of estrogen
in females during their reproductive years. Too much estradiol may result in acne,
loss of sex drive, osteoporosis and depression. Very high levels can increase the risk
of uterine and breast cancer. However, low levels can result in weight gain and
cardiovascular disease.
c. Estriol helps the uterus grow and prepares the body for delivery. Level of estriol rises
during pregnancy and it is at its peak just before birth.

Estrogen enables the following organs to function:

a. Ovaries: Estrogen helps stimulate the growth of the egg follicle.

b. Vagina: In the vagina, estrogen maintains the thickness of the vaginal wall
andpromotes lubrication.
c. Uterus: Estrogen enhances and maintains the mucous membrane that lines the
uterus. It also regulates the flow and thickness of uterine mucus secretions.
d. Breasts: The body uses estrogen in the formation of breast tissue. This hormone
also helps stop the flow of milk after weaning.

2. Testosterone
The major sex hormone in men is testosterone, which is produced mainly in the testes.
The testes are controlled by a small gland in the brain called the pituitary gland, which in turn
is controlled by an area of the brain called the hypothalamus.
It stimulates sperm production in males. Testosterone helps in the growth of bones and
muscles, and it affects mood, libido (sex drive), and certain aspects of mental ability. The
hormone is present in the body from the early stages of fetal life to old age.
Testosterone is blamed for violence in males, implicated in sport scandals, linked to
sexual prowess, desired by gym devotees, and promoted as a tonic for ageing. Testosterones
are both present in males and females but it is ten times higher in men than in women.

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 Levels are highest between the ages of 20 and 30. As men age, testosterone levels fall
by about 1% to 2% every year, although recent research suggests this may not be true of all
men as they age. It seems a large part of the drop in testosterone levels in older men is due
to chronic conditions, such as obesity and diabetes. If men remain very healthy into old age,
their testosterone levels may stay the same as when they were younger.

3. Androgens are the group of sex hormones that give men their 'male' characteristics
(collectively called virilisation).
Androgens are crucial for male sexual and reproductive function. They are also
responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in men, including facial
and body hair growth and voice change. Androgens also affect bone and muscle development
and metabolism.

Other hormones involved in the reproductive system particularly during menstrual

cycle include:

a. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), causing maturation of an egg in the ovary.

b. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulating the release of the egg.
c. Oestrogen/Estrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus
lining.

When these reproductive hormones do not work as they should, fertility problems can
occur. Our understanding of these hormones and their functions means we can assist fertility,
for example through in vitro fertilization, also known as IVF.

What Happens During the Menstrual Cycle?

Females of reproductive age experience cycles of hormonal activity that repeat at
about one-month intervals. With every cycle, a woman's body prepares for a potential
pregnancy, whether or not that is the woman's intention. The term menstruation refers to the
periodic shedding of the uterine lining. (Menstru means "monthly.'')
There are four major hormones (chemicals that stimulate or regulate the activity of
cells or organs) involved in the menstrual cycle: follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH, luteinizing
hormone, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and occurs in three phases: the
follicular phase, the ovulatory phase (ovulation), and the luteal phase.

Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

This phase starts on the first day of your period. During the follicular phase of the
menstrual cycle, the following events occur:

➢ Two hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are
released from the brain and travel in the blood to the ovaries.
➢ The hormones stimulate the growth of about 15 to 20 eggs in the ovaries, each in its
own "shell," called a follicle.
➢ These hormones (FSH and LH) also trigger an increase in the production of the
female hormone estrogen.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 7

 ➢ As estrogen levels rise, like a switch, it turns off the production of follicle-stimulating
hormone. This careful balance of hormones allows the body to limit the number of
follicles that mature.
➢ As the follicular phase progresses, one follicle in one ovary becomes dominant and
continues to mature. This dominant follicle suppresses all of the other follicles in the
group. As a result, they stop growing and die. The dominant follicle continues to
produce estrogen.

Ovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovulatory phase, or ovulation, starts about 14 days after the follicular phase
started. The ovulatory phase is the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, with the next menstrual
period starting about two weeks later. During this phase, the following events occur:

➢ The rise in estrogen from the dominant follicle triggers a surge in the amount of
luteinizing hormone that is produced by the brain.
➢ This causes the dominant follicle to release its egg from the ovary.
➢ As the egg is released (a process called ovulation), it is captured by finger-like
projections on the end of the fallopian tubes (fimbriae). The fimbriae sweep the egg
into the tube.
➢ Also, during this phase, there is an increase in the amount and thickness of mucus
produced by the cervix (lower part of the uterus). If a woman were to have
intercourse during this time, the thick mucus captures the man's sperm, nourishes
it, and helps it to move towards the egg for fertilization.

Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle begins right after ovulation and involves the
following processes:

➢ Once it releases its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the
corpus luteum.
➢ The corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone. Progesterone prepares
the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant.
➢ If intercourse has taken place and a man's sperm has fertilized the egg (a process
called conception), the fertilized egg (embryo) will travel through the fallopian tube
to implant in the uterus. The woman is now considered pregnant.
➢ If the egg is not fertilized, it passes through the uterus. Not needed to support a
pregnancy, the lining of the uterus breaks down and sheds, and the next menstrual
period begins.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 8

 What’s More

Directions: Use books or internet to help you accomplish this activity:

1. Complete the table below on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity on
REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
Name of
hormone Low Level Hormones High Level Hormones

Illness/ What to be Illness/r What to be

Defects done Defects done

A. Male Hormone
1.
2.
B. Female Hormone
1.
2.

2. Name 2 male reproductive hormones and another 2 female reproductive hormones. Write
them in the column provided for.
3. Find out the possible illnesses or defects when there is a low or high level of such
identified hormones. Write your answer in the column provided for.
4. Also tell what to be done when there is a hormonal imbalance (increase/decrease) of that
particular hormone. Also, write your answer in the space frovided for.

What I Have Learned

Several processes in the body are coordinated by hormones which regulate and
balance the working organs, tissues and cells. A very good example are the hormones of the
reproductive system which influence your capacity to have a baby. They play essential roles
in sexual function or dysfunction. Remember, too, that these functions of these hormones are
controlled by the pituitary gland.

Hormones for reproduction for men and women are produced differently. Main
reproductive hormones of males are produced in the testes while main reproductive female

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 9

hormones are produced in the ovaries. If these hormones in the male and female reproductive
glands do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to your body, it may result to sexual
dysfunction/abnormalities which is called hormonal imbalance.

Some hormones have short-term effects while other hormones have long term effects.
It is therefore necessary to maintain a positive outlook in life and remember that these changes
are only temporay and will stabilize with time.

What I Can Do

WRITTEN WORKS - CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING TEST ARTICLE

Directions: Read and internalize the article for you to be able to do the task.

Article:

Testosterone is a hormone found in humans, as well as in other animals. In men, the

testicles primarily make testosterone. Women’s ovaries also make testosterone, though in
much smaller amounts. The production of testosterone starts to increase significantly
during puberty and begins to dip after age 30 or so. Testosterone is most often associated
with sex drive and plays a vital role in sperm production. It also affects bone and muscle mass,
the way men store fat in the body, and even red blood cell production.
A man’s testosterone levels can also affect his mood. Low levels of testosterone, also
called low T levels, can produce a variety of symptoms in men, including: decreased sex drive,
less energy, weight gain, feelings of depression, moodiness, low self-esteem, less body hair,
thinner bones. While testosterone production naturally tapers off as a man ages, other factors
can cause hormone levels to drop.
While testosterone production naturally tapers off as a man ages, other factors can
cause hormone levels to drop.
Injury to the testicles and cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation can negatively
affect testosterone production.
Chronic health conditions and stress can also reduce testosterone production. Some
of these include: a. AIDS, kidney disease, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver
Testosterone levels decline steadily in adult women; however, low T levels can also produce
a variety of symptoms, including: low libido, reduced bone strength, poor concentration,
depression. Low T levels in women can be caused by removal of the ovaries as well as
diseases of the pituitary, hypothalamus, or adrenal glands
Testosterone therapy may be prescribed for women with low T levels, however, the
treatment’s effectiveness on improving sexual function or cognitive function among
postmenopausal women is unclear.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 10

CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING (STRUCTURED CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE TEST)

Read the article then answer the question:

Question: Do testosterone play an important role in a man’s well being?

YOUR CLAIM

Cite from the article two evidences that support your claim:

EVIDENCE 1

EVIDENCE 2

Explain how your evidences support your claim.

REASONING

This will be how your answer sheet looks like.

Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER)
Student Organizer

QUESTION: Do testosterone play an important role in a man’s well being? Explain.

C
(Claim)
Write a statement that responds to the question.
E
(Evidence)
Provide scientific data to support your claim.
Your evidence should be appropriate and
sufficient enough to convince someone that
supports your claim. This can be bullet points
instead of sentences.
R
(Reasoning)
Use scientific principles and knowledge that you
have about the topic to explain why your
evidence support your claim. In other words,
explain how your data proves your point.
(paragraph format)

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 11

 CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING ANALYTIC RUBRIC FOR SCIENCE
COMPONENT LEVEL
0 1 2
Does not make Makes an accurate Makes an accurate
CLAIM acclaim, or makes an but incomplete claim. and complete claim.
inaccurate claim.
EVIDENCE Does not provide Provides appropriate, Provides appropriate
evidence, or only but insufficient and sufficient
provides evidence to support evidence to support
inappropriate claim. May include claim.
evidence (Evidence some inappropriate
that does not support evidence.
claim).
REASONING Does not provide Provides reasoning Provides reasoning
reasoning, or only that that
provides reasoning Links the evidence Links evidence to
that does not link and claim. Repeats claim. Includes
evidence to the claim. evidence and/or appropriate and
includes some sufficient scientific
scientific principles, principles.
but not sufficient.

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What part on the female reproductive system produces estrogen?

C. uterus C. ovaries
D. fallopian tubes D. all of the above
2. What is a hormone?
C. a chemical substance C. glands
D. just a thing D. I don’t know
3. Which one here is not a hormone?
C. insulin C. ovary
D. testosterone D. estrogen
4. How do hormones travel from the glands where they are made to their target organs?
C. bloodstream C. bones
D. nerves D. injection
5. What does estrogen do during the menstrual cycle?
E. cause sperm to be produced
F. break down the uterine lining
G. build up the uterine lining
H. inhibit follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 12

 Answer Key

A 5. 10. Fallopian Tube Penis 5. 10. C

D 4. 9. Uterus Pituitary Gland 4. 9. A
C 3. 8. Reproductive System Estrogen 3. 8. D
A 2. 7. Testis Testosterone 2. 7. A
C 1. 6. Egg Cell Hormones 1. 6. B

What I Know What’s In Assessment

References:
A. Books
Rabago, L. et al (2010). Functioanal Biology_ Modular Approach. 2nd ed.
Philippines: Vibal Publishing House, Inc

Grade 10 Learning Module: The Reproductive System. REX Book Store, Inc.
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS)
5th Floor

B. Electronic Sources

Adam Inc. (2013). Central Nervous System. Retrieved July 5, 2014

from : http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article.002311.htm

Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. (2014). Homeostasis Retrieved July 5, 2014

from: http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/270188/homeostasis

http://www.rcs.k12.in.us/files/Rubric%20for%20Assessing%20a%20Journal%20Entry
.pdf

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 13

 SCORING RUBRIC 1: Tabular Output (What’s More)

Excellent Very Satisfactory Fair

5 Satisfactory 3 2
4
Response to Responses Responses Responses are not
CONTENT assigned are very much are adequate
topic, adequate and readequate
thorough and fairly well
well written, written; most
with clear opinions
sentence supported with
structure and
vocabulary;
opinions
always
supported
with facts.
Excellent use Thorough and Complete Ideas not clearly
IDEA of examples Complete development stated or developed.
DEVELOPMENT and details to development of ideas;
and or explore and of ideas; details and
ORGANIZATION develop ideas details and examples are
and opinions. examples evident
always are
very evident
Thorough and Fairly well Readable Could hardly be read
CLEANLINESS well written written pencraft
Flawless NO spelling 1-2 spelling Many instances of
MECHANICS spelling and errors and and incorrect spelling and
punctuation. punctuation punctuation punctuation.
mistakes errors

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 14

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: [email protected]

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 10 15