Government and Politics

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
I. FOUNDATION OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
 Government and Public Administration are as old as the history of

people working together in large groups.
 Ever since man (woman) emerged from the most primitive forms of association,
he (she) had to devise administrative systems.
 According to Carlton Clymer Rodee, Carl Quimby Christol and James

Anderson: “...that there should be a clear distinction between POLITICS, or
the formulation of public policy and ADMINISTRATION, or the carrying out of
such policy. POLICY, in a democracy, must be the result of give-and-take of
politics and politicians; but ADMINISTRATION should be entrusted to the
trained, expert administrators chosen for their competence, not their
political affiliation...”
 Public administration and politics are connected in such manner that

one becomes almost meaningless without the other.
 The administrative process of government could only be seen well within

the broad context of its political system.
 According to Marshall E. Dimock, Gladys O. Dimock and Louis W.

Koenig: “An understanding of politics is the key to an understanding of public
administration”. Politics, in this sense, is not partisan politics but the activities
of an interest group which permeate the whole fabric of government. Politics,
like government, stands for the public interest. In this perspective,
GOVERNMENT refers to the organization, machinery, or agency through which
a political unit exercises authority and performs functions. On the other
hand, POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY defines past and existing social
organizations and describes the essential features of various types of
government in answer to the query: “What is the ultimate justification for the
existence of any form of government?” As Arthur Bentley observes: “Groups
create government and then use it.”
 Therefore, public administration works in a highly political environment.
Moreover, much of the work done in public administration begins with the
concepts of political science.
- A group of people that governs a community or unit. It sets and administers public
policy and exercises executive, political and sovereign power through customs,
institutions, and laws within a state.
What is Politics?
- It is the practice and theory of influencing other people. More narrowly, it refers to
achieving and exercising positions of governance — organized control over a human
community, particularly a state.
Bangsamoro Basic Law

Form of Government in the Philippines
- The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is
equally divided among its three branches
ACCORD (definition)
 harmony of people’s opinions or actions

 a written agreement between two states
II. POLITICIAN – ADMINISTRATION ACCORD
 Under the bureaucratic structure of government, the administrators cannot

achieve the objectives of his organization without political interventions.

 The administrator should also endeavor to win the legislature’s support for the
programs of his administration.

 Administration requires to know the art of politics and Politician who is holding
power should know how to govern.
The legislative branch has the authority to make, alter or repeal laws Legislators are
usually POLITICIANS and are often elected by the people. Their action has to do with
the control of rulers – the control of the direction of government.
Politics and Administration are so entwined that
it is impossible to exist without the other.
Politician - Administration Accord

The Politician – Administration Accord may be fostered by:
 Social relations to the extent permitted by public duty and good sense.
 Giving due considerations to political recommendations.
 Intelligent joint discussion by legislator and administrator on the needs of Public
Administration.
 The Executive and Legislative believed that ending this armed conflict means
creating partnership in addressing the problems facing the country including
problems of lawlessness in the south.
 Certainly, that must have some value in achieving our national aspiration for
shared security and shared prosperity.
While the power of politicians and administrators may be theoretically separate, their
powers are intended to be integrated for the general welfare of the people.
Consultation with Stakeholders
Economic Foundations
The economy is closely intertwined with politics in the Philippines. As already

mentioned, he who controls the economic resources, controls political power likewise.
This is because electoral politics is costly and the party system is dominated by the
political elite
What is Government?
The elites that emerged towards the end of the Spanish regime were the illustrados who
distinguished themselves in the field of education and business. Most of them were
descendants of landowners who later became plantation owners at the advent of
commercialized agriculture that resulted from the introduction of cash crops in the
Philippines. Opportunities provided by the introduction of electoral politics have more
profound impact to the elites who were in a better position to become political
entrepreneurs.
. The illustrados were later given a big boost by the Americans who provided them with
opportunities for participation in government affairs. Many of them became political
leaders and for generations their family names continue to be heard in congress as their
families maintained their political dynasties in many provinces. Today, names such as
Aquino, Marcos, Recto, Laurel, Osmenia, Roxas, etc. are still heard and these are
already the grandchildren of the founders of their political dynasties.
BBL
 Culture
Legal violations or reactions are governed by the domestic concepts and practices
inherent in any community. The religion of people may also tighten its hold on any
government.
 Government
A severely autonomous system of government might end up in some unwanted rifts in

the total picture of the country's national unity.
 Politics
Political units which would submit to the aberrations of a demagogue; while in other
places, there would be an active resistance.
III. IMPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Politician - Administration Accord
 Under the bureaucratic structure of government, the administrators cannot

achieve the objectives of his organization without political interventions.

 The administrator should also endeavor to win the legislature’s support for the
programs of his administration.
 Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II said the House is so deeply divided on the
BBL that the vote on it could go either way.
 Senate President Franklin Drilon said that the Senate, while committed to pass
the BBL, will still strive to make it constitutional.
The Bottomless Tonight...

The pre-Spanish Filipinos were organized into small political units known as the
barangay. The barangay is a microstate consisting of 30 to 100 families. The entire
archipelago was once littered by many independent barangays. Each barangay
operated autonomously and there was no effort to centralize them.
Early government
 President Manuel Roxas is the first president of an independent Philippines.

 The Malolos Congress was convened in Barasoain Church and inaugurated the
first Philippine Republic on January 1899.
 Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on June 12,

1898
In the late 1960s, an independence movement was founded in Mindanao, the

Philippines to separate the Muslim majority-Moro areas from the rest of the
Philippines. The area is now called the Bangsamoro.
The first organization of the independence movement was Moro National
Liberation Front (MNLF) founded by Nur Misuari. Subsequent break-away groups
include the Moro Islamic Liberation Front or MILF and the Bangsamoro Islamic
Freedom Figthers or BIFF.
Branches of The Government:
Bangsamoro Basic Law
- Democratic Parliamentary
 As a general rule, ADMINISTRATOR must possess broad perspectives in the

management of government affairs. They primarily consider the national interest
in the implementation of laws.
President Benigno Aquino III submitted to the House of Representatives and the
Philippine Senate the administration’s proposal on the provisions of the draft
Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) last March 27, 2015 in Malacañang Palace.
THE ECOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
I. THE ADMINISTRATOR’S ATTITUDE ON ENVIRONMENT
II. THE ECOLOGY AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS
III. FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

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GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

I. FOUNDATION OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

 Government and Public Administration are as old as the history of

 According to Carlton Clymer Rodee, Carl Quimby Christol and James

 Public administration and politics are connected in such manner that

 The administrative process of government could only be seen well within

 According to Marshall E. Dimock, Gladys O. Dimock and Louis W.

Bangsamoro Basic Law

 harmony of people’s opinions or actions

II. POLITICIAN – ADMINISTRATION ACCORD

 Under the bureaucratic structure of government, the administrators cannot

Politician - Administration Accord

The economy is closely intertwined with politics in the Philippines. As already

A severely autonomous system of government might end up in some unwanted rifts in

III. IMPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

 Under the bureaucratic structure of government, the administrators cannot

The Bottomless Tonight...

 President Manuel Roxas is the first president of an independent Philippines.

 Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on June 12,

In the late 1960s, an independence movement was founded in Mindanao, the

 As a general rule, ADMINISTRATOR must possess broad perspectives in the

THE ECOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

I. THE ADMINISTRATOR’S ATTITUDE ON ENVIRONMENT

II. THE ECOLOGY AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS

III. FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

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