Security Assessment

Baby Doge - ETH

Nov 12th, 2021
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Table of Contents
Summary

Overview
Project Summary
Audit Summary
Vulnerability Summary
Audit Scope

Findings
CKP-01 : Centralization Risk in `addLiquidity()` Function
CKP-02 : Centralization Risk in Contract `CoinToken`
CKP-03 : Contract Gains Non-withdrawable BNB via the `swapandliquify` Function
CKP-04 : Regaining Ownership After Renouncing the Contract Ownership
CKP-05 : Initial Token Distribution
CKP-06 : Lack of Return Value Handling
CKP-07 : Potential Sandwich Attacks
CKP-08 : Lack of Error Message
CKP-09 : Redundant Code
CKP-10 : Typos In The Contract
CKP-11 : Function and Variable Naming Doesn’t Match the Operating Environment
CKP-12 : Potential Resource Exhaustion
CKP-13 : Inconsistency Between Comment and Code

Appendix

Disclaimer

About
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Summary
This report has been prepared for Baby Doge to discover issues and vulnerabilities in the source code of
the Baby Doge - ETH project as well as any contract dependencies that were not part of an officially
recognized library. A comprehensive examination has been performed, utilizing Static Analysis and Manual
Review techniques.

The auditing process pays special attention to the following considerations:

Testing the smart contracts against both common and uncommon attack vectors.
Assessing the codebase to ensure compliance with current best practices and industry standards.
Ensuring contract logic meets the specifications and intentions of the client.
Cross referencing contract structure and implementation against similar smart contracts produced
by industry leaders.
Thorough line-by-line manual review of the entire codebase by industry experts.

The security assessment resulted in findings that ranged from critical to informational. We recommend
addressing these findings to ensure a high level of security standards and industry practices.
We suggest
recommendations that could better serve the project from the security perspective:

Enhance general coding practices for better structures of source codes;

Add enough unit tests to cover the possible use cases;
Provide more comments per each function for readability, especially contracts that are verified in
public;
Provide more transparency on privileged activities once the protocol is live.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Overview
Project Summary

Project Name Baby Doge - ETH

Platform Ethereum

Language Solidity

Codebase https://github.com/babydogeteam/Baby-Doge-Coin-ETH/blob/main/contract

Commit 39cc30648503da6092aea5a048ae025e8e07e781

Audit Summary

Delivery Date Nov 12, 2021

Audit Methodology Static Analysis, Manual Review

Key Components CoinToken

Vulnerability Summary

Vulnerability Level Total Pending Declined Acknowledged Partially Resolved Resolved

Critical 0 0 0 0 0 0

Major 2 0 0 2 0 0

Medium 2 0 0 2 0 0

Minor 3 0 0 3 0 0

Informational 6 0 0 6 0 0

Discussion 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Audit Scope

ID File SHA256 Checksum

CKP contract.sol f79198f1e334d2889b0de0d9507c2bf3e16e6299f37d30102d9496b69c383809

 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Overview

External Dependencies

The contract serves as the underlying entity to interact with third-party Uniswap protocols (token-
swapping). The scope of the audit treats third-party entities as black boxes and assumes their functional
correctness. However, in the real world, third parties can be compromised and this may lead to lost or
stolen assets.

Privileged Functions

The contract CoinToken contains the following privileged functions that are restricted by _owner role with
the onlyOwner modifier. They are used to modify the contract configurations and address attributes. We
grouped these functions below.

excludeFromReward() / includeInReward()

excludeFromFee() / includeInFee()

setTaxFeePercent()

setDevFeePercent()

setLiquidityFeePercent()

setMaxTxPercent()

setDevWalletAddress()

setSwapAndLiquifyEnabled()

setRouterAddress()

setNumTokensSellToAddToLiquidity()

To improve the trustworthiness of the project, dynamic runtime updates in the project should be notified to
the community. Any plan to invoke the aforementioned functions should be also considered to move to the
execution queue of the Timelock contract.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Findings

Critical 0 (0.00%)
Major 2 (15.38%)

13 Medium

Minor
2 (15.38%)

3 (23.08%)
Total Issues
Informational 6 (46.15%)
Discussion 0 (0.00%)

ID Title Category Severity Status

Centralization Risk in addLiquidity() Centralization /

CKP-01 Major Acknowledged
Function Privilege

Centralization /
CKP-02 Centralization Risk in Contract CoinToken Major Acknowledged
Privilege

Contract Gains Non-withdrawable BNB via the

CKP-03 Logical Issue Medium Acknowledged
swapandliquify Function

Regaining Ownership After Renouncing the

CKP-04 Logical Issue Medium Acknowledged
Contract Ownership

CKP-05 Initial Token Distribution Logical Issue Minor Acknowledged

CKP-06 Lack of Return Value Handling Volatile Code Minor Acknowledged

CKP-07 Potential Sandwich Attacks Logical Issue Minor Acknowledged

CKP-08 Lack of Error Message Coding Style Informational Acknowledged

CKP-09 Redundant Code Logical Issue Informational Acknowledged

CKP-10 Typos In The Contract Coding Style Informational Acknowledged

Function and Variable Naming Doesn’t Match the

CKP-11 Coding Style Informational Acknowledged
Operating Environment

CKP-12 Potential Resource Exhaustion Logical Issue Informational Acknowledged

CKP-13 Inconsistency Between Comment and Code Inconsistency Informational Acknowledged

 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-01 | Centralization Risk in addLiquidity() Function

Category Severity Location Status

Centralization / Privilege Major projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 848 Acknowledged

Description
The addLiquidity() function calls the uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH function with the to address
specified as owner() for acquiring the generated LP tokens from the corresponding pool. As a result, over
time the _owner address will accumulate a significant portion of LP tokens. If the _owner is an EOA
(Externally Owned Account), mishandling of its private key can have devastating consequences to the
project as a whole.

843 uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: ethAmount}(

844 address(this),

845 tokenAmount,

846 0, // slippage is unavoidable

847 0, // slippage is unavoidable

848 owner(),

849 block.timestamp

850 );

Recommendation
We advise the to address of the uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH function call to be replaced by the
contract itself, i.e. address(this) , and to restrict the management of the LP tokens within the scope of
the contract’s business logic. This will also protect the LP tokens from being stolen if the _owner account
is compromised. In general, we strongly recommend centralized privileges or roles in the protocol to be
improved via a decentralized mechanism or via smart-contract based accounts with enhanced security
practices, f.e. Multisignature wallets.

Indicatively, here are some feasible solutions that would also mitigate the potential risk:

Time-lock with reasonable latency, i.e. 48 hours, for awareness on privileged operations;
Assignment of privileged roles to multi-signature wallets to prevent single point of failure due to the
private key;
Introduction of a DAO / governance / voting module to increase transparency and user involvement.

Alleviation
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

[BabyDoge Team]: The contract has been deployed at the address

0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. The contract's owner has been transfered to a
GnosisSafe Proxy deployed at the address 0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31 which
requires 2 out of 5 signers to sign.

The signers addresses are:

0x227982fAc9e83EE495394eA22aE89019f26a49Cf
0x67c2Ec1178725BCD749C2cfa162D6e015696BcE1
0x6d067E65Bc303d14d028425FB7cF0e0f79BA21a1
0x814E8543AdA1bD157299cDF460C67F7D319f4832
0xbDf48684035A65d05615522C71a10b1e10cADd54

All Signers are all trezor wallets password protected and all the wallets require the private key and
passwords to be accessed.
The Team members have 2 wallets for daily use.

[CertiK]: We have confirmed that the contract has been successfully deployed at the address
0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. We also have confirmed that the owner of
CoinToken contract has been transferred to the address

0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31, which is a GnosisSafe Proxy.

 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-02 | Centralization Risk in Contract CoinToken

Category Severity Location Status

Centralization / projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 603, 640, 644, 648, 652, 656, 66

Major Acknowledged
Privilege 0, 665, 906, 912, 612, 636

Description
In the contract CoinToken , the role _owner has the authority over the following function:

excludeFromReward() / includeInReward() : the owner of the contract can exclude/include an

account from/in rewards.

excludeFromFee() / includeInFee() : the owner of the contract can exclude/include an account

from/in fee.
setTaxFeePercent() : the owner of the contract can set the percentage of the tax fee.

setDevFeePercent() : the owner of the contract can set the percentage of the dev fee.

setLiquidityFeePercent() : the owner of the contract can set the percentage of liquidity fee.

setMaxTxPercent() : the owner of the contract can set the maximum transaction amount.

setDevWalletAddress() : the owner of the contract can update the _devWalletAddress to be any

arbitrary address.
setSwapAndLiquifyEnabled() : the owner of the contract can enable/diable swap-and-liquify

process by setting swapAndLiquifyEnabled as true/false.

setRouterAddress() : the owner of the contract can set any arbitrary address as the router address.

setNumTokensSellToAddToLiquidity() : the owner of the contract can set the threshold to trigger

liquidity-adding process.

Any compromise to the _owner account may allow the hacker to take advantage of this and modify the
significant state of the contract, thus introducing centralization risk.

Recommendation
We advise the client to carefully manage the _owner account's private key to avoid any potential risks of
being hacked.
In general, we strongly recommend centralized privileges or roles in the protocol to be
improved via a decentralized mechanism or smart-contract-based accounts with enhanced security
practices, e.g., Multisignature wallets.

Indicatively, here is some feasible suggestions that would also mitigate the potential risk at the different
level in term of short-term and long-term:
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Time-lock with reasonable latency, e.g., 48 hours, for awareness on privileged operations;
Assignment of privileged roles to multi-signature wallets to prevent a single point of failure due to the
private key;
Introduction of a DAO/governance/voting module to increase transparency and user involvement.

Alleviation
[BabyDoge Team]: The contract has been deployed at the address
0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. The contract's owner has been transfered to a
GnosisSafe Proxy deployed at the address 0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31 which
requires 2 out of 5 signers to sign.

The signers addresses are:

0x227982fAc9e83EE495394eA22aE89019f26a49Cf
0x67c2Ec1178725BCD749C2cfa162D6e015696BcE1
0x6d067E65Bc303d14d028425FB7cF0e0f79BA21a1
0x814E8543AdA1bD157299cDF460C67F7D319f4832
0xbDf48684035A65d05615522C71a10b1e10cADd54

All Signers are all trezor wallets password protected and all the wallets require the private key and
passwords to be accessed.
The Team members have 2 wallets for daily use.

[CertiK]: We have confirmed that the contract has been successfully deployed at the address
0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. We also have confirmed that the owner of
CoinToken contract has been transferred to the address

0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31, which is a GnosisSafe Proxy.

 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-03 | Contract Gains Non-withdrawable BNB via the swapandliquify

Function

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Medium projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 817 Acknowledged

Description
The swapAndLiquify() function converts half of the contractTokenBalance tokens to BNB. The other half
of the tokens and part of the converted BNB are deposited into the corresponding pool on pancakeswap
as liquidity. For every swapAndLiquify() function call, a small amount of BNB leftover in the contract. This
is due to the price of drops after swapping the first half of tokens into BNBs, and the other half of tokens
require less than the converted BNB to be paired with it when adding liquidity. The contract doesn't appear
to provide a way to withdraw those BNB, and they will be locked in the contract forever.

Recommendation
It's not ideal that more and more BNB are locked into the contract over time. The simplest solution is to
add a withdraw function in the contract to withdraw BNB. Other approaches that benefit the token holders
can be:

Distribute BNB to token holders proportional to the amount of token they hold.
Use leftover BNB to buy back tokens from the market to increase the token price.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-04 | Regaining Ownership After Renouncing the Contract

Ownership

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Medium projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 243 Acknowledged

Description
Generally, renouncing the ownership should leave the contract without an owner, thereby removing any
functionality that is only available to the owner. However, the owner of CoinToken is possible to gain
ownership of the contract again even if the owner has called the function renounceOwnership() to
renounce the ownership. This can be achieved by performing the following operations:

Call lock to lock the contract. The variable _previousOwner would be set to the current owner.
Call unlock to unlock the contract.
Call renounceOwnership() to renounce the contract ownership.
Call unlock to regain ownership.

Recommendation
We advise the client to review the logic and ensure if it is the intended design. If timelock functionality
should be introduced, we recommend using the implementation of Compound finance as reference.

Alleviation
[BabyDoge Team]: The contract has been deployed at the address
0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. The contract's owner has been transfered to a
GnosisSafe Proxy deployed at the address 0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31 which
requires 2 out of 5 signers to sign.

The signers addresses are:

0x227982fAc9e83EE495394eA22aE89019f26a49Cf
0x67c2Ec1178725BCD749C2cfa162D6e015696BcE1
0x6d067E65Bc303d14d028425FB7cF0e0f79BA21a1
0x814E8543AdA1bD157299cDF460C67F7D319f4832
0xbDf48684035A65d05615522C71a10b1e10cADd54
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

All Signers are all trezor wallets password protected and all the wallets require the private key and
passwords to be accessed.
The Team members have 2 wallets for daily use.

[CertiK]: We have confirmed that the contract has been successfully deployed at the address
0xAC57De9C1A09FeC648E93EB98875B212DB0d46. We also have confirmed that the owner of
CoinToken contract has been transferred to the address

0x4A2F7fbCcABd457deD050Fe6512Fe0Eb8A1aFE31, which is a GnosisSafe Proxy.

 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-05 | Initial Token Distribution

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Minor projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 497 Acknowledged

Description
All of the tokens are sent to the contract deployer when deploying the contract. This could be a
centralization risk as the deployer can distribute those tokens without obtaining the consensus of the
community.

Recommendation
We recommend the team to be transparent regarding the initial token distribution process.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-06 | Lack of Return Value Handling

Category Severity Location Status

Volatile Code Minor projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 843 Acknowledged

Description
The return values of function addLiquidityETH are not properly handled.

843 uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: ethAmount}(

844 address(this),

845 tokenAmount,

846 0, // slippage is unavoidable

847 0, // slippage is unavoidable

848 owner(),

849 block.timestamp

850 );

Recommendation
We recommend using variables to receive the return value of the functions mentioned above and handle
both success and failure cases if needed by the business logic.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-07 | Potential Sandwich Attacks

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Minor projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 832~838, 843~850 Acknowledged

Description
A sandwich attack might happen when an attacker observes a transaction swapping tokens or adding
liquidity without setting restrictions on slippage or minimum output amount. The attacker can manipulate
the exchange rate by frontrunning (before the transaction being attacked) a transaction to purchase one of
the assets and make profits by backrunning (after the transaction being attacked) a transaction to sell the
asset.

The following functions are called without setting restrictions on slippage or minimum output amount, so
transactions triggering these functions are vulnerable to sandwich attacks, especially when the input
amount is large:

832 uniswapV2Router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(

833 tokenAmount,

834 0, // accept any amount of ETH

835 path,

836 address(this),

837 block.timestamp

838 );

843 uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: ethAmount}(

844 address(this),

845 tokenAmount,

846 0, // slippage is unavoidable

847 0, // slippage is unavoidable

848 owner(),

849 block.timestamp

850 );

Recommendation
We recommend setting reasonable minimum output amounts, instead of 0, based on token prices when
calling the aforementioned functions.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-08 | Lack of Error Message

Category Severity Location Status

Coding Style Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 560 Acknowledged

Description
The require statement can be used to check for conditions and throw an exception if the condition is not
met. It is better to provide a string message containing details about the error that will be passed back to
the caller.

Recommendation
We advise refactoring the linked codes as below:

560 _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()]

[spender].add(addedValue), "increase allowance overflow");
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-09 | Redundant Code

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 862 Acknowledged

Description
The condition !_isExcluded[sender] && !_isExcluded[recipient] can be included in else .

Recommendation
The following code can be removed:

861 ... else if (!_isExcluded[sender] && !_isExcluded[recipient]) {

862 _transferStandard(sender, recipient, amount);

863 } ...
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-10 | Typos In The Contract

Category Severity Location Status

Coding Style Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 470, 670 Acknowledged

Description
There are several typos in the code and comments.

1. In the following code snippet, tokensIntoLiqudity should be tokensIntoLiquidity .

1 event SwapAndLiquify(

2 uint256 tokensSwapped,

3 uint256 ethReceived,

4 uint256 tokensIntoLiqudity

5 );

2. recieve should be receive and swaping should be swapping in the line of comment //to
recieve ETH from uniswapV2Router when swaping .

Recommendation
We recommend correcting all typos in the contract.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-11 | Function and Variable Naming Doesn’t Match the Operating

Environment

Category Severity Location Status

Coding Style Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 1 Acknowledged

Description
There are multiple naming issues inside the current contract, which can be misleading to use Uniswap and
ETH instead of Pancakeswap and BNB if the project landing on BSC.

For example, the CoinToken contract uses Pancakeswap for swapping and adding liquidity to the
Pancakeswap pool but names it Uniswap .

Recommendation
Change "Uniswap" and "ETH" to "Pancakeswap" and "BNB" in the contract respectively to match the
operating environment and avoid confusion.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-12 | Potential Resource Exhaustion

Category Severity Location Status

Logical Issue Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 614, 709 Acknowledged

Description
The for loop within functions includeInReward(address) and _getCurrentSupply() takes the variable
_excluded.length , as the maximal iteration times. If the size of the array is very large, it could exceed the

gas limit to execute the functions. In this case, the contract might suffer from DoS (Denial of Service)
situation.

Recommendation
We recommend the team review the design and ensure this would not cause loss to the project.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

CKP-13 | Inconsistency Between Comment and Code

Category Severity Location Status

Inconsistency Informational projects/contract.sol (98ba012): 230~236 Acknowledged

Description
According to the comment in L238, the lock() function will lock the contract for a given time period.
However, the code implementation will lock the contract until the given timestamp.

238 //Unlocks the contract for owner when _lockTime is exceeds

239 function unlock() public virtual {

240 require(_previousOwner == msg.sender, "You don't have permission to

unlock.");

241 require(block.timestamp > _lockTime , "Contract is locked.");

242 emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, _previousOwner);

243 _owner = _previousOwner;

244 }

Recommendation
We recommend the team review the design and update either comments or code implementation to
ensure consistent logic between code and comment.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

Appendix
Finding Categories

Centralization / Privilege
Centralization / Privilege findings refer to either feature logic or implementation of components that act
against the nature of decentralization, such as explicit ownership or specialized access roles in
combination with a mechanism to relocate funds.

Logical Issue
Logical Issue findings detail a fault in the logic of the linked code, such as an incorrect notion on how
block.timestamp works.

Volatile Code
Volatile Code findings refer to segments of code that behave unexpectedly on certain edge cases that may
result in a vulnerability.

Coding Style
Coding Style findings usually do not affect the generated byte-code but rather comment on how to make
the codebase more legible and, as a result, easily maintainable.

Inconsistency
Inconsistency findings refer to functions that should seemingly behave similarly yet contain different code,
such as a constructor assignment imposing different require statements on the input variables than a setter
function.

Checksum Calculation Method

The "Checksum" field in the "Audit Scope" section is calculated as the SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2
with digest size of 256 bits) digest of the content of each file hosted in the listed source repository under
the specified commit.

The result is hexadecimal encoded and is the same as the output of the Linux "sha256sum" command
against the target file.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

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 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

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 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

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MATERIALS.

THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF CERTIK CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE

SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF CUSTOMER. ACCORDINGLY, NO THIRD PARTY OR ANYONE ACTING
ON BEHALF OF ANY THEREOF, SHALL BE A THIRD PARTY OR OTHER BENEFICIARY OF SUCH
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES AND NO SUCH THIRD PARTY SHALL HAVE ANY RIGHTS OF
CONTRIBUTION AGAINST CERTIK WITH RESPECT TO SUCH REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OR
ANY MATTER SUBJECT TO OR RESULTING IN INDEMNIFICATION UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR
OTHERWISE.

FOR AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, THE SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT REPORTS
OR MATERIALS, SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED OR RELIED UPON AS ANY FORM OF FINANCIAL, TAX,
LEGAL, REGULATORY, OR OTHER ADVICE.
 Baby Doge - ETH Security Assessment

About
Founded in 2017 by leading academics in the field of Computer Science from both Yale and Columbia
University, CertiK is a leading blockchain security company that serves to verify the security and
correctness of smart contracts and blockchain-based protocols. Through the utilization of our world-class
technical expertise, alongside our proprietary, innovative tech, we’re able to support the success of our
clients with best-in-class security, all whilst realizing our overarching vision; provable trust for all
throughout all facets of blockchain.