Slip Power Recovery-Induction Motor

Slip Power Recovery of an Induction Motor
Equivalent circuit of a wound-rotor induction motor
Solid State Drives 1

Slip power Recovery of an Induction Motor
 When the copper loss is neglected
𝑝𝑚 =𝑝𝑔 -𝑝𝑟
𝑝𝑟 - power absorbed by the source 𝑣𝑟.
When 𝑝𝑟 is zero – The motor runs on its natural speed –Torque

Characteristics.
𝑝𝑟 is Positive - The motor will run at a lower speed for the same
Torque.
𝑃𝑟 =𝑃𝑔 -The speed will be zero.

Slip power Recovery of an Induction Motor
 When 𝑝𝑟 is Negative -Motor will run at the speed higher than the
synchronous speed.
When rotor copper loss is neglected, 𝑝𝑟 is equal to the slip power
𝑠𝑝𝑔 .
Speed control below the synchronous speed is possible by

controlling the slip power.
The power is usually employed.
Slip power recovery schemes – Static Scherbius & static Kramer

drives.
Scherbius Drives
It is used to control the speed - above and below the synchronous
speed.
It provides bidirectional control.
Types of Scherbius Drives
Conventional Scherbius Drives
Static Scherbius Drives

Static Scherbius Drive
The Static Scherbius Drive provides the speed control of a wound

rotor motor below synchronous speed.
 The portion of rotor AC power is converted into DC by a diode

bridge.
The controlled rectifier works as an inverter and converts the DC

power back into AC and feeds it back to the AC source.
The power flows in both the directions(positive & negative) of the

injected voltage.
 This increases the operating condition of the drive.


The feedback power is controlled by controlling the inverter counter

emf Vd2, which is controlled by controlling the inverter firing angle.
The DC link inverter reduced the ripple in DC link current Id
The slip power of the drive is fed back to the source due to which
the efficiency of the drive increases.
The drive input power is the difference of the DC input power and
the power fed back.
Reactive input power is the sum of the motor and input reactive
power.

If maximum slip is denoted by 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 - then the power ratings of the
Diode bridge ,inverter & transformer is 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 times of the Motor

power ratings.
Speed reduced below synchronous speed by 20% - then the power

ratings of the diode bridge ,inverter and transformer will be 20% of
the motor power ratings.
Consequently the drive has a low cost.

Operating Modes of Static Scherbius Drives
Sub-synchronous Motoring
Super-synchronous Motoring
Sub-synchronous Generating
Super-synchronous Generating

Sub-synchronous Motoring
 In this mode of operation the slip and torque both are positive and
hence the injected voltage is in phase with rotor current.
The power flows into the stator and feedback into the rotor circuit.

Super-synchronous Motoring
 When the speed of the motor is above the synchronous speed, then
the slip is negative.
 Thus, the voltage and current are out of phase with each other.
The power feeds into the rotor from the drive circuit along with
input power flowing into the stator.

Sub-synchronous Generating
 For sub-synchronous speed, the torque is required to be positive,
The slip is also positive.
 The power is fed into the rotor through the slip ring.

Super-synchronous Generating
 When the speed of the motor above the synchronous speed, then the
slip and torque becomes negative.
 Thus, the injecting voltage is in phase with the rotor.
 The mechanical power is injected by the shaft and the output power
is obtained from the stator and rotor circuit.

Static Kramer Drive
The kramer system is applicable only for sub-synchronous speed
operation i.e. speed can be controlled only less than the
synchronous speed.
Power flow -Unidirectional
Types
Conventional kramer drive
Static kramer drive

Static Kramer Drive
The speed of the slip ring induction motor is adjusted by adjusting
the speed of dc motor with the help of a field regulator.
Also called -Electromechanical Cascade.
This method is used only for large motors of capacity 4000 kw or

above.

Static Kramer Drive
The slip power is converted into mechanical power and fed back
to the slip ring induction motor.
The torque supplied to the load is shared by the slip ring induction
motor and the dc motor.
The speed of the slip ring induction motor is controlled by

controlling the field regulator(field current) of the dc motor.

Static Kramer Drive
The static Kramer-drive is the method of controlling the speed of

an induction motor by injecting the opposite-phase voltage in the
rotor circuit.
The injected voltage increases the resistance of the rotor, thus

controlled the speed of the motor.
By changing the injected voltage, the resistance and speed of an

induction motor are controlled.

Static Kramer Drive

Static Kramer Drive
The static Kramer-drive converts the slip power of an induction

motor into AC power and supply back to the line.
The slip power is the air gap power between the stator and the rotor
of an induction motor which is not converted into mechanical power.
Thus, the power is getting wasted.
 The static Kramer drives fed back the wasted power into the main
supply.
This method is only applicable when the speed of the drive is less
than the synchronous speed.
Static Kramer Drive Working
The rotor slip power is converted into DC by a diode bridge.
 This DC power is now fed into DC motor which is mechanically

coupled to an induction motor.
The torque supplied to the load is the total sum of the torque
produced by the induction and DC motor drive.
Speed control is obtained by controlling the field current of the Dc

Motor.

Static Kramer Drive

Static Kramer Drive
Speed control is possible from synchronous speed to around half of

the synchronous speed.
When large speed is required ,diode bridge is replaced by a

Thyristor bridge.
Speed control is possible upto the synchronous speed.

Static Kramer Drive
Applications
The static kramer drive has been very popular in large power pump
and fan drives ,where the range of speed control is limited ,but less
than the synchronous speed.

Slip Power Recovery-Induction Motor

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Slip Power Recovery of an Induction Motor

Equivalent circuit of a wound-rotor induction motor

Solid State Drives 1

 When the copper loss is neglected

𝑝𝑟 - power absorbed by the source 𝑣𝑟.

When 𝑝𝑟 is zero – The motor runs on its natural speed –Torque

𝑃𝑟 =𝑃𝑔 -The speed will be zero.

Solid State Drives 2

When rotor copper loss is neglected, 𝑝𝑟 is equal to the slip power

Speed control below the synchronous speed is possible by

The power is usually employed.

Slip power recovery schemes – Static Scherbius & static Kramer

It provides bidirectional control.

Types of Scherbius Drives

Conventional Scherbius Drives

Static Scherbius Drives

Solid State Drives 1

The Static Scherbius Drive provides the speed control of a wound

 The portion of rotor AC power is converted into DC by a diode

The controlled rectifier works as an inverter and converts the DC

The power flows in both the directions(positive & negative) of the

 This increases the operating condition of the drive.

Solid State Drives 3

The feedback power is controlled by controlling the inverter counter

The DC link inverter reduced the ripple in DC link current Id

Solid State Drives 5

Diode bridge ,inverter & transformer is 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 times of the Motor

Speed reduced below synchronous speed by 20% - then the power

Consequently the drive has a low cost.

Solid State Drives 6

Solid State Drives 7

Solid State Drives 8

Solid State Drives 9

 For sub-synchronous speed, the torque is required to be positive,

The slip is also positive.

Solid State Drives 10

 Thus, the injecting voltage is in phase with the rotor.

Solid State Drives 11

Power flow -Unidirectional

Conventional kramer drive

Static kramer drive

Solid State Drives 1

Also called -Electromechanical Cascade.

This method is used only for large motors of capacity 4000 kw or

Solid State Drives 2

The speed of the slip ring induction motor is controlled by

Solid State Drives 3

The static Kramer-drive is the method of controlling the speed of

The injected voltage increases the resistance of the rotor, thus

By changing the injected voltage, the resistance and speed of an

Solid State Drives 4

Solid State Drives 5

The static Kramer-drive converts the slip power of an induction

The rotor slip power is converted into DC by a diode bridge.

 This DC power is now fed into DC motor which is mechanically

Speed control is obtained by controlling the field current of the Dc

Solid State Drives 7

Solid State Drives 8