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Binomial Distribution - Extended Questions: Exercises

This document contains 5 exercises involving binomial distribution problems. The exercises include calculating probabilities of outcomes, expected values, and determining sample sizes. Coin flips, ball selections from bags, and left-handedness in populations are used as examples.

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Manika
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259 views3 pages

Binomial Distribution - Extended Questions: Exercises

This document contains 5 exercises involving binomial distribution problems. The exercises include calculating probabilities of outcomes, expected values, and determining sample sizes. Coin flips, ball selections from bags, and left-handedness in populations are used as examples.

Uploaded by

Manika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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IB Mathematics SL & HL exercise set 5-8(6)-50v1 SLHL

Binomial Distribution – extended questions

► formulas for binomial distribution from Formula booklet (SL & HL) ◄
n
N  n, p   P  X  r     p r 1  p  , r  0,1,
nr
■ X ,n
r

■ E  X   np ■ Var  X   np 1  p 

(answers included)
Exercises

1. Five fair coins are thrown onto the floor. Let X be the discrete random variable “number of
heads shown”.

(a) Complete the following table:

Number of Heads x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = x)

(b) Verify that the sum of all the probabilities adds to 1.

(c) What is the expected number of heads, E(X)?

A game is played with the following rules.

 The contestant pays £1 to play the game.


 The five coins are thrown on the floor. If 0 or 1coins show heads then the contestant
receives no money.
 If 2 coins show Heads, then the contestant gets the £1 returned.
 If 3 or 4 coins show Heads, then the contestant gets the £1 returned, and an additional £1.
 If 5 coins show Heads, then the contestant gets the £1 returned, and an additional £5

Let Y be the discrete random variable “The Net Amount of Money Received”.

(d) (i) Draw a table illustrating the values Y can have, and the probabilities for these
values.
(ii) What is the expected amount of money a contestant can receive playing this
game?
(iii) Is the game fair? Give a reason for your answer.

© InThinking – IB Maths HL & SL 1


IB Mathematics SL & HL exercise set 5-8(6)-50v1 SLHL

Binomial Distribution – extended questions

2. A bag contains 10 balls. 6 of the balls are green and 4 of the balls are red.
A ball is selected at random, its colour is noted, and then it is replaced.
(a) What is the probability that the ball was green?
A total of 8 selections takes place. After each time, the ball is replaced.
(b) What is the probability that a green ball was selected on each of the 8 occasions?
(c) What is the probability that, in any order, a green ball was selected on four occasions,
and a red ball was selected on four occasions?
(d) What is the probability that a red ball was selected at least twice?
(e) A game is played as follows:
If a green ball is drawn then a score of −1 is awarded.
If a red ball is drawn then a score of +1 is awarded.
A total of 8 selections takes place.
(i) What is the probability of getting an odd score?
(ii) What is the probability that 0 was scored in total?
(iii) Five people play this game. What is the probability that at least one of the people
scores 0 after making the 8 selections?
(iv) Given that one of the contestants scores −2, what is the probability that the first
two balls drawn were the same colour?

3. A random number generator generates the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Let X be the discrete random
variable “the number generated”. The probabilities for the scores are given in the table below.

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = x) 0.3 0.2 0.15 0.1 k

(a) Find k.
(b) Find E(X)
(c) What is the probability that the number generated is even?
(d) Suppose six numbers are generated.
(i) What is the probability all the numbers are even?
(ii) What is the probability three of the numbers are even?
(iii) What is the probability at least one of the numbers is even?
(iv) What is the expected number of even numbers?

© InThinking – IB Maths HL & SL 2


IB Mathematics SL & HL exercise set 5-8(6)-50v1 SLHL

Binomial Distribution – extended questions

4. A bag contains 5 balls, of which 2 are red and 3 are blue.


A box contains 8 balls, of which 6 are red and 2 are blue.
A ball is removed at random from the bag without replacement. If the ball is red, then another
ball is removed at random from the bag. If the ball is blue, then a ball is removed at random
from the box.
(a) Calculate
(i) the probability that the first ball removed is red.
(ii) the probability that both balls removed are red.
(iii) the probability that the second ball removed is red.
(iv) the probability that the second ball removed is red given that the first one
removed was blue.
(b) Harry uses the above process every morning he goes to school to help him decide to ride
to school on his bicycle, or to take the bus. If the two balls are the same colour, he rides
to school on his bicycle, otherwise he takes the bus.
(i) What is the probability he rides to school on his bicycle on any given day?
(ii) During a school week consisting of five days what is the probability he rides to
school on his bike at least two times?

5. In the city of Centreville one person in five is left-handed.

(a) Find the probability that in a random sample of ten people from Centreville

(i) exactly three will be left-handed,

(ii) more than half will be left-handed

(b) Find the most likely number of left-handed people in a random sample of 12 people.

(c) Find the mean and standard deviation of the number of left-handed people in a random
sample of 25 people.

(d) How large must a random sample be if the probability that it contains at least one left-
handed person is to be greater than 0.95 ?

© InThinking – IB Maths HL & SL 3

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