Chapter 1 and 3
Chapter 1 and 3
Chapter 1 and 3
One of the key elements in an individual’s life towards the path of academic success is the
Olawaiyes (2013), it is revealed that there exist numerous problems encountered by students in
their process of career selection. An incorrect career choice directs all individual efforts and
resources in the wrong direction, when not aligned with the expectations; would not only be
frustrating rather draining the individual energy and wastage of resources. (Ahmed,Sharif and
Ahmad, 2017). Gbennga and Toyin (2014) expressed that career guidance programs are
intended to help students understand their own potential and develop it fully. The lack of career
guidance programs in the Philippines leads most individuals to pass the stage of course
selection confused, as they apply for tertiary education without knowledge of what they want to
pursue. In the case of high school students who are yet to choose their courses in college,
critical decision-making is challenging and may end up in them failing to make the right
decisions. As a result, wrong choices may lead to dissatisfaction and disapproval of influential
people around them and society as well. Furthermore, it will only entail underperformance
which becomes a derivation of incompetence and inefficiency not only for themselves and the
1. What are the factors that influence the decision of Senior High School students in
1.1 Do parents play an important role in the college course selection of their children?
1.2 Are students concerned about the practicality of their chosen course?
1.2.1 For instance, will a student hesitate to pursue their preferred course if it is too
1.3 Are grades and assessments with regards to their proficiency in certain subjects,
Hypotheses
Ho1: In terms of the percentage of participants, there are considerable disparities in the factors
Ho2: A notable correlation existed between the factors that can influence course
Ho3: Among the 3 factors that we have focused on, personal preference has the most impact
experiences. A career defines how one sees oneself in the context of one’s social environment,
in terms of one’s future plans, one’s past accomplishments or failures, and one’s present
competencies and attributes. In this study, the term “career” refers to any type of professional
Theories)
available (Herr et al., 1996:44). In this study, career counseling means a verbal process in which
career problems
Career Path: According to Herr et al. (1996:44), the term is typically used in business and
area, ordinarily connoting possibilities for advancement. In this study, a career path was used to
denote the way that individuals achieve something or the way that their life develops. The term
which they were enrolled at the college in this study. (Appendix B. Glossary)
Course: A course is a series of classes. These classes are all in one area of study. Therefore,
when choosing a major, you will take courses geared towards that major. Courses are assigned
credits. Colleges dictate how many credits you need to take to graduate. Sometimes, there will
be lower-division courses and upper-division courses. (Class Vs. Course - What’s the difference
?)
Non-Completer: A student who enrolled in a program leading to the associate’s degree and
either graduate without a degree, or who leaves the college without completing any program of
study. Student academic success: Completing an initial program within the required maximum
this study to indicate an individual's achievement in a specific subject, namely his or her grades
in that field.
Personal Interests: Means interests that can bring, or that may be perceived to bring, directly
member may want to benefit or disadvantage (law Insider). Personal interest in this study
refers to a student's desire and or what he or she wants to pursue in terms of a career
or course.
Parental Influence: It is defined as any opinion, attitude, or action (other than direct
tutoring) that somehow shapes or molds the child's reading attitudes. Involvement is defined as
any direct tutorial help the child receives with his or her reading (Nebor, 1986). Parental
influence, in our study, refers to a parent's view or urge for their kid to follow a certain career or
course.
College Course Decision Making: Refers to the critical state in which young individuals
decide which path are they in (Bernardino , 2015) . College Course Decision Making, in our
study, is a vital decision that senior high school students must make when deciding what field or
The researchers conducted this study to contribute to developing and improving the quality
of career guidance and counseling that are given to high school students. This paper attempts
to identify the fundamental variable that influences senior high school students' career or course
choices in relation to various factors. Thus, the study findings may be useful and beneficial for
Teachers.
The information acquired indicates the possibility that the professors
would be able to provide appropriate recommendations regarding the students’ skills. They also
become a key aspect in the achievement of a student's goals and vision. This may assist them
in comprehending the necessity of understanding how to urge pupils in selecting a goal reason
for a better future.
Parents.
The study's goal is to help parents understand their child's endeavor.
They would be also innovated to work and support the teachers in giving assistance to their
pupils. Moreover, they will be educated on the great role they will play in fostering
decision-making towards the students’ future and in determining their objectives.
Below are the following limitations that were anticipated in the study:
1. Since the study was only carried out exclusively at Integrated Laboratory
2. The current study has a limited time span and sample size.
3. Due to the Covid 19 pandemic, close physical contact is still strictly prohibited,
and it is necessary to maintain the social distancing policy to avoid a rapid
increase in cases, the gathering of data and information may be difficult. As a
result, data and information will only be collected through the use of online
platforms or surveys.
4. Since our research is not prominent, finding information and references on the
internet are challenging.
Scope and Delimitation: The study was carried out in West Visayas State University-
Integrated Laboratory School, as it focuses exclusively on Grades 11-12 Senior Highschool
Students, the School year 2021-2022. The researchers incorporated certain variables to
determine the effect of the elements that affect the students' decisions in their college courses.
These variables include the student's parental influence, personal interests, and academic
proficiency that made the student choose a certain college course.
Conceptual Framework:
Theoretical Framework
The theories that are utilized to answer the primary research questions are shown in this
section. In order to determine the factors that affect the student’s course choice, the
researchers adopted Frank Parson’s Trait and Factor Theory. Parson states that occupational
individual traits(attitude, interest, personal abilities). Due to his hypothesis on how individuals
measure both individual talents and attributes required in particular jobs and people can be
The model above used the primary concept in Parson’s theory. The first concept is a thorough
knowledge of students with regards to their individual attributes, this includes personal abilities,
aptitudes, interests, and other distinctive traits that they possess. The last two concepts on
Parson’s theory are students' knowledge of jobs and the labor market and the objective
judgment of students about the relationship between individual traits and the labor market. The
researchers however did not use the other two concepts because it was not the focus of the
study and they deduced that aside from the understanding of the labor market, job trends, and
demand in the economy, there are more factors that heavily impact a students choice for their
college course, in particular academic proficiency, aptitudes, abilities, personal interests and
The researchers also used Roe’s personality theory which states that a person chooses their
career based on their interaction with their parents. Roe believed that the way a child interacts
with their parents would lead them to pursue either person-oriented or non-person-oriented
jobs. Person-oriented jobs have a high amount of interaction with other people.
Non-person-oriented jobs are more independent. Roe figured that childhood experiences either
reinforce or weaken high-order needs and thereby influence career choices and developments.
Furthermore, People make career choices based on the nature of relationships with their
caretakers from birth, according to Roe's theory, which has a lot to do with psychological needs
that develop through the child's interactions with caretakers and/or parents. An individual’s
psychological needs are built up by these interactions, thus they expect these needs to be met
1. Physiological needs
2. Safety needs
4. Esteem needs
Roe also divided careers into eight categories: Service, Business contact, Organization,
Technology, Outdoor, Science, General culture, and Arts and entertainment. Each of these
categories was seen as having six levels based on complexity and skill required for the job.
responsibility for others, 4) training is required, 5) on-the-job training or special schooling, and
6) little special training is required – individuals only need to follow basic directions.
1. Concentration on Child
a. Overprotective
b. Overdemanding
a. Rejection
b. Neglect
a. Casual acceptance
b. Loving acceptance
Children having “Concentration” parents may continue to need focus from people as they move
into the adult world. Children from “Avoidance” parents may be loners, comparatively speaking
– more time with things, not people. People from “Acceptance” parents may be more interested
Two major concepts of Roe’s theory were utilized in this study. The first concept is about the
manner in which parents interact with the child and its influence on their motivational intensity.
The second concept is the child's perception of his/her parents as their role model while
associating their roles, field of work, and behavior upon themselves as ideals. The researchers
believe that parental influence has a huge role in molding the decisions of their children in
Research Participants
The study will be conducted in West Visayas State University- Integrated Laboratory School.
Senior High School Students consisting of 1 section of Grades 11 and 12 that were enrolled for
Research Instruments
An online survey/questionnaire form will be utilized and serve as the main instrument in
conducting this study, which will consist of two sections: Section 1 will be the profile of the
Profile Questionnaire.
The profile questionnaire will consist of the first section of the online form. It will cover the
participants’ background including name, year and section, sex, academic performance, parents
The second section would consist of the main factors that are given focus in this study, namely
Personal Interests, Academic Proficiency/Aptitude, and Parental Influence. The respondents will
then rate each factor on a scale of 1-10, with 1 as “not influenced” and 10 as “very much
influenced”. The last item in the second section will cover the preferred course/s and the career
Procedures
Approval to distribute the online questionnaires and conduct the study will be secured from the
school administrators, director, and class adviser. Consent from the respondents will also be
formally requested. The researchers will then distribute them online survey forms and conduct
the study in an online setup. The study will be administered in the fourth quarter of the
academic year.
The researchers will be including detailed instructions to orient the participants who will be
filling out the forms. In order to cater to further concerns, clarifications, and concerns from the
respondents, the researchers will be opening the form for at least 3 days. After gathering the
submissions, the data will then be collected, tallied, tabulated, and interpreted.
Data Analysis
For Section 1, which will be covering the profiling of the participants, frequencies, and
For Section 2, the weighted mean will be utilized with the given formula:
The second section comprises a 10-point Likert scale, with 1 for the lowest 10 for the highest.
The following illustrates the weight and the mean range of the degree of influence by each
point:
Graphs and Tables will be used to illustrate the summarized findings and results from the online
forms.