Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan

ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
IN MT. PAMITINAN
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Tourism and Hospitality Management
STI College Cubao
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements of the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
John Cyrus B. Corrales

Mariah Christianne P. Reotutar
Zuzanne S. Segismar
Jasmin Denise B. Sta. Cruz
January 18, 2022
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ENDORSEMENT FORM FOR FINAL DEFENSE
TITLE OF RESEARCH: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt.
Pamitinan
NAME OF PROPONENTS:
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
has been examined and is recommended for Final Defense.
ENDORSED BY:
Athena Y. Jacinto
Research Adviser
APPROVED FOR FINAL DEFENSE:

Nicka G. Romero
Research Coordinator
NOTED BY:
Kenneth Bryann Aliser
Program Head
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January 18, 2022
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan

prepared and submitted by John Cyrus B. Corrales, Mariah Christianne P. Reotutar,
Zuzanne S. Segismar. Jasmin Denise B. Sta. Cruz, in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of
Science degree requirements in Tourism Management, has been examined and is recommended
for acceptance and approval.
Athena Y. Jacinto
Research Adviser
Accepted and approved by the Research Panel

in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
<Panelist’s Given Name MI. Family Name> <Panelist’s Given Name MI. Family
Name>
Panel Member Panel Member
<Panelist’s Given Name MI. Family Name>

Lead Panelist
NOTED BY:
Jose Danilo Jabon

Academic Head
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January 18, 2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers would like to thank the following:
Mrs. Nicka G. Romero, Research Coordinator, for her valuable remarks and ideas for the study's
enrichment, as well as for giving us a long period of time to go through with this paper.
Ms. Athena Y. Jacinto, Thesis Adviser, for her unwavering support and encouragement during
this study, who gave her love and care to the researchers. The authors are very thankful for
having such a good adviser like you.
Mr. Jerome P. Dumlao, Statistician, for sharing his knowledge and assisted with data analysis,
and statistical computations for the study.
Research Panelists, for their brilliant thoughts and critique.
To the Parents and/or Guardian of the Researchers, for their support in whatever endeavors the
researchers have and just being a constant support-system through thick and thin.
Friends and inspirations, for being the light in the dark during difficulties and struggles.
Tourists, Locals, and the LGU of Rizal, for lending some of their precious time in giving their
responses to the survey.
Above all, to the Almighty God, whose infinite wisdom provided us with the courage to
overcome adversity and finish the study successfully. All praise to the Most Gracious!
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ABSTRACT
Title of Research: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan
Researchers: John Cyrus B. Corrales, Mariah Christianne P. Reotutar, Zuzanne S.
Segismar, and Jasmin Denise B. Sta. Cruz
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
Date of Completion: May 2022
The tourism industry in the Philippines has been considered as one of the main engines for a
robust and sustainable economic growth. Ecotourism is becoming increasingly popular due of its
long-term viability. This paper discusses the sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan
focused on three concepts: Social, Economic, and Environmental. The three pillars of sustainable
tourism development are the most prevalent names for these three components. The researchers
believe that these three pillars are critical in assessing the sustainable tourism development in
Mt. Pamitinan. The variables used by the LGU of Rizal to analyze growth in Mt. Pamitinan and
their future intentions for the site are also discussed in this study. Tourism is deemed to be a
well-established sector in the Philippines that contributes to the country’s inclusive economic
growth. The sustained united efforts of all in the execution of all offered strategies would
undoubtedly strengthen Mt. Pamitinan’s sustainable tourism development.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Endorsement Form for Final Defense ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Chapter I: Introduction 1
Background of the Study 2
Research Questions 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Limitations
6
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature 7
Chapter III: Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 20
Chapter IV: Research Methodology 23
Chapter V: Presentation and Discussion of Findings 26
Chapter VI: Conclusions and Recommendations 51
References 54
Appendices 56
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Profile of Respondents According to Age 26
2 Profile of Respondents According to Gender 27
3 Profile of Respondents According to Type of Respondent 28
4 Profile of Respondents According to Location 28
5 Perception of Respondents Towards Sustainable Tourism Development 29
According to Social Pillar
According to Economic Pillar
According to Environmental Pillar
8 Grand Mean of Perceptions of Respondents Towards Sustainable Tourism 34
Development According to the Three Pillars
9 Applicable Factors that Rizal LGUs Use to Assess Development in Mt. 35
Pamitinan
10 Planned Activities of Rizal LGUs for the Development of Mt. Pamitinan 37
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Study’s Conceptual Framework 21
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The UN Environment Program and the UN World Tourism Organization describe
sustainable tourism as “tourism that addresses the requirements of tourists, the industry, the
environment, and host communities while taking full account of its present and future economic,
social, and environmental implications.” Furthermore, they state that sustainable tourism “refers
to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and that a
suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to ensure its long-term
sustainability” (UNEP & UNWTO, 2005: 11-12. Making Tourism More Sustainable – A Guide
for Policy Makers).
When people think about sustainable tourism, they usually think of how it affects the
environment. However, it also considers the current and future economic, social, and
environmental effects of its operations. There is a lot to consider in order to properly integrate
sustainability into tourism, from laws and regulations to local people and visitor demand. As a
result, it is critical to consider sustainable tourism not just from the standpoint of the tourism
operator, but also from the perspective of the individual tourist. To guarantee that sustainable
tourism thrives, every gear in the machine must function properly.
There are several significant advantages to committing to sustainable tourism, the three
primary overarching points being: protecting the environment, economic benefits for the
location, and support for local communities. Not only that, but sustainable tourism has the added
benefit of promoting sustainable mobility, which means that activities may continue and are
more long term. Supporting the environment is critical to tourism’s long-term viability. When
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giving an experience to visitors, concerns like waste, pollution, and the usage of non-organic
items, as well as over tourism, must be considered.
Local communities benefit from this sort of tourism as well, since being included in the
decision-making process for tourist development guarantees that they are protected from
inflation, their culture is preserved, and they profit from the income streams that tourism brings
to the region. It has the potential to help the region develop and remain safe in the tourism
industry. It is obvious that this then becomes a positive cycle, with advantages for all parties
involved.
Background of the Study
It is obvious that tourism’s long-term viability depends on its capacity to be sustainable.
Over-tourism has been a problem in certain regions, where a large number of visitors visit one
location, necessitating the construction of more accommodations and activities. As a result,
natural areas and resources are redirected for tourists, putting local species at risk and forcing
communities to compete for few resources. As a result, sustainable tourism is critical for the
industry’s development to continue and prosper. Sustainable tourism has been on the rise, with
the United Nations declaring 2017 the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for
Development. Today, as the coronavirus continues to postpone tourist, the benefits of reduced
tourism are becoming evident.
In connection with this, the researchers decided to search for a place that will greatly
benefit from this kind of tourism. And upon reviewing various locations, the researchers wound
up upon Mt. Pamitinan, the mountain of folklore and freedom. It is said that it is at the foot of

Mt. Pamitinan that the Katipunan Supremo himself, Andres Bonifacio, tore cedulas and cried out
“Viva La Independencia Filipinas!” as early as 1985. This just shows that other than the
picturesque and wonderful scenery that the mountain offers, it also has a historical significance.
Mt. Pamitinan is a fantastic day-hiking destination due to its accessibility to Manilla (it is
only two hours away) and the variety of activities offered there. Like Mt. Manalmon, one may go
spelunking in Pamitinan Cave and the so-called Bat Cave while still having time to climb Mt.
Binacayan, a peak that is about the same height. Mt. Pamitinan is only 426 meters above sea
level; therefore, it is merely a short trek. The challenge, on the other hand, comes from
bouldering and scrambling among the trail’s jagged limestone outcrops. Gloves, as well as a
positive attitude, are required for certain pseudo-rock climbing.
For a variety of reasons, the researchers chose Mt. Pamitinan as the location or topic of
their study. The first is that, despite the fact that Mt. Pamitinan is easily accessible and provides a
variety of eco-friendly activities, only a small percentage of the population is aware of it,
implying that it has to be promoted more. Second, when it comes to development, Mt. Pamitinan
is still not at its peak. Despite the fact that it is currently operational and a popular tourist
destination due to the stunning views it provides, the researchers feel that the area could be
improved further, therefore the assessment of sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan.
Research Questions
This study aims to assess the sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan.
Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Location
1.4 Type of Respondent?
2. What is the perception of the respondents towards sustainable tourism development
according to the three pillars:
2.1 Social
2.2 Economic
2.3 Environmental?
3. What are the factors that the Local Government Unit of Rizal uses to assess the
development of Mt. Pamitinan?
4. What plans does the Local Government Unit of Rizal has in store for the development of
Mt. Pamitinan?
Significance of the Study
The results of the study may benefit the following:
The Researchers. For aspiring tourism professionals such as researchers, being a rookie in
this field is a difficulty. As a result, this will be a tool that will lead and steer them in identifying
trustworthy, dependable, and crucial aspects that are recognized as vital facts for gaining a better
knowledge of the subject. Indeed, this research will be a significant source of information for
them in their future studies.

The Tourists. It is important to state that not all tourists are aware of sustainable
development that have a significant impact on the performance of a tourist attraction. This study
will act as a source and guide for them in the future if they want assistance or information about
tourism locations.
The Provincial Tourism Department of Rizal. Assessing the sustainable tourism
evelopment to further promote Mt. Pamitinan will be of benefit to the provincial tourism
department of Rizal. Through this study, and through the practical realization of the possible
results, the rise and improvement of Mt. Pamitinan as a tourist attraction will encourage more
tourists to visit the place.
The Tourism Industry. This study will also assist the tourist sector because the possible
improvement brought by the assessment of sustainable tourism destinations in Mt. Pamitinan
might serve as a springboard for improving other tourism attractions around the country. As a
result, if tourism takes off, the economy will reap significant benefits.
The Business Investors. Business investor will likely benefit from this study as they will
have a broader knowledge or an enlightenment about how significant sustainable developments
are when it comes to tourism. Hence, will help them in their decision-making of investments
towards this sector.
The Tourism Students. This research might be used as a study guide or a resource for
tourism students. This article will provide students with a concept or understanding of how to
market tourist attractions, particularly in less developed areas.

Future Researchers. The result of this study can be utilized by other researchers in
understanding the importance of sustainable tourism development in developing tourist
attractions.
Scope and Limitations
This study covered the assessment of sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan
on the following components: social, economic, and environmental. For this study, the
respondents were those who have been to or have heard about Mt. Pamitinan. Tourists of any
kind were potential respondents, whether they are business tourists, food tourists, adventure
tourists, eco tourists, event visitors, religious tourists, leisure tourists, or medical tourists, as long
as they are familiar with Mt. Pamitinan. As a result, the responders were mostly residents of
Rizal, where Mt. Pamitinan is located, as well as the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Rizal,
which have the authority and more in-depth information about the current development of Mt.
Pamitinan.
The primary aim of this study is to assess the sustainable tourism development in Mt.
Pamitinan. Data gathering was limited to answers generated in a researcher-developed
questionnaire, which was administered to four-hundred and five (405) respondents.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of related literature that serve as a basis for this study.
Local Literature
Ecotourism in the Philippines
The Philippines is a fortunate country. Its biodiverse flora and animals serve as a virtual
canvas for a variety of picture-perfect scenes scattered over its 7,107 islands. People from all
over the globe are drawn to the country’s bounty, but they also fall in love with practically all of
the islands they visit, experiencing nature at its best.
The Philippines has struggled as a developing country over the past century. Poverty, a
lack of education and health care, and rampant corruption all led to the deterioration of
Philippine society. Ecotourism became a national endeavor to repair the economy and promote
the welfare of the local people (Olsen,n.d.). Local government authorities have been urged to
embrace and promote related activities in their constituencies as knowledge of ecotourism’s
potential as an alternative method for economic growth has grown.
The Philippines’ tourist business is now divided into three (3) categories: ecotourism,
agritourism, and scientific tourism, with ecotourism receiving the most attention. Ecotourism
promotes the country’s natural resources, whereas agritourism promotes farms and agricultural

goods. Science tourism has recently gained popularity as a means of showcasing the results of
scientific research and activities from research and development (R&D) institutes across regions.
Redefining Sustainable Tourism in COVID-19
Tourism has developed as an important source of economic growth and development in
many nations throughout the world. However, in the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic, tourism
has been identified as one of the hardest-hit industries (United Nation World Tourism
Organization [UNWTO], 2020). In 2019, tourism accounted for around 10.3% of worldwide
GDP, 6.8% of total exports, and 1 in every 10 employment (330 million jobs) in the global
economy (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2019). Tourism has become equally vital to
emerging economies such as the Philippines, which has included it in its development plan
(Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022). The industry’s overall contribution to GDP was
predicted to be 12.7 percent in 2019. In terms of employment, the tourist industry employs
around 5.7 million people, or 14 out of every 100 Filipinos in the same year (Ilarina, 2020).
Together with remittances from abroad Filipino workers and the business process outsourcing–
information technology industry, it has become an economic pillar of development in the
services sector (Villegas, 2018).
While the industry’s performance has remained unblemished throughout time, experts
stress the importance of growing destinations in a sustainable way—that is, promoting
sustainable tourism (ST). Its importance has grown even more obvious in the middle of the
coronavirus pandemic. Since the introduction of pandemic-prevention measures, such as travel
bans, community quarantines, temporary and/or partial airline shutdowns, and establishment
closures, tourism has experienced significant losses (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, 2020). Travel limitations in the Philippines are predicted to result in a loss of

revenue. Approximately USD 9.3 billion in foreign currency flows are at stake, putting up to
50,000 employments at risk. Losses in tourism, as a key contributor to the country’s economic
growth, are equivalent to a slowdown. (PricewaterhouseCoopers Philippines [PwC Philippines],
2020) in the national economy.
Developing a Sustainable National Tourism Industry
Through a comparative analysis of the tourist development strategies of Thailand and the
Philippines, Rodolfo (2003) investigated the role of national government in facilitating or
constraining the sustained expansion of the national tourism sector. His research found that the
economic sustainability of tourism is the key driver of both nations’ tourism industries when the
three basic principles of sustainable development were applied to the national tourist industries
of Thailand and the Philippines.
As a result, it’s not surprising that the two nations’ national tourist organizations (NTOs)
have a lot in common when it comes to policy goals. Both nations, for example, have made
concrete initiatives toward achieving long-term tourist growth. Both countries have national
ecotourism strategies in place. In 2001, Thailand created a National Sustainable Tourism Plan,
which currently acts as a guide for the country’s regional provinces and towns. Similarly, the
Philippines’ Tourism Master Plan is dedicated to long-term growth.
Both countries place a strong emphasis on developing local tourism sectors. In addition to
their usual concentration on foreign visitor arrivals, they are now focusing on domestic tourism
as well. However, Rodolfo points out that in the Philippines, some national regulations may
jeopardize the industry’s economic viability by restricting the spread of company operations.

Limited access between major East Asian markets and the Philippines is an example of this.
Regulation has also increased the expenses of doing business in the Philippines for foreign
carriers, which are deemed greater than those of other Asian destinations.
Stakeholder Roles in Sustainable Tourism Development
The Department of Tourism’s aim for Philippine tourism by 2010 is one that
would promote the country as a “top Asian destination,” which will be a job-creating and
revenue-generating business. By 2010, the Department of Transportation hopes to have 5 million
visitors. At least 8.3 million jobs and $17 billion in income are estimated to be created if this
goal is met. The Department of Transportation envisions a tourist industry that is “on a
sustainable growth path that safeguards our land, culture, and people via the development of
tourism” (Gordon 2001). The Department of Transportation is well aware of the magnitude of
the task. As a result, it has called for collaboration between the government (including local
governments) and the corporate sector in order to achieve its aim.
The DOT appears to regard the function of the national tourist body as supporting a
tourism-friendly environment. Former tourism secretary Richard Gordon identified the “three
A’s” of Philippine tourism: attraction, assurance, and accountability during his tenure. He
believes that the DOT, local governments, and the business sector should work together to
achieve these three goals. However, the Department of Transportation’s strategic goals, which
were made public at a series of Travel Industry Congresses (TRICON), appear to be focused
only on two A’s: attraction and assurance. According to the Department of Transportation’s
strategic plans for marketing, planning and development, and tourist standards, most of the

department’s attention and resources would be focused on raising awareness and recruiting
important market groups. It would also focus on policymaking and enabling access infrastructure
and support services for key destinations (e.g., motorways, airports, police, and sanitation
services). All of this was done to reassure visitors and investors that the nation was quiet and
orderly, and that they could anticipate excellent service.
Political Economy and Sustainable Tourism in the Philippines
Political economy believes that the study of politics and economics are inextricably
linked, or that power and riches are inextricably linked (Underhill, 1991). The political and
economic sides of the tourist business are addressed separately in the literature. There has been a
noticeable lack of research that use a political economics approach to analyzing tourist
development (Bianchi, 2018). Concerns and difficulties suggesting that political economy is
swallowed by the social sciences, including economics, are one possible explanation for the lack
of relationship between tourist research and political economy (Bianchi, 2018). Studies and
recent occurrences, however, have demonstrated the necessity to address this by addressing the
threat of ST via a range of perspectives and methodologies (Ritchie & Jiang, 2019; Zenker &
Kock, 2020).
The use of layers of analysis complements this method. The levels of analysis offer a
theoretical framework for comprehending certain occurrences. The influence is the focus of the
first level of analysis. Individual preferences and behaviors, as well as internal politics, all have a
role in the country’s pursuit of ST. The government’s and domestic institutions’ roles
are highlighted at the second level of study. Finally, the third level of analysis highlights

the role of the international environment and international institutions (Underhill, 1991). By
distinguishing factors from the individual, state, and international levels, it provides a holistic
and comprehensive analysis of the subject matter.
Foreign Literature
Climate Change, Tourism, and Social Justice
Both global and domestic tourism are intricately interwoven, posing major dangers to
local residents’ livelihood alternatives. They also have a significant influence on carbon
emissions and, as a result, global warming. The national capital’s complicity and the new middle
class’s conspicuous consumerism do not receive appropriate attention in most conversations,
despite the fact that it is a politically and economically significant issue to be reckoned with.
Local movements against exploitative tourism, in our perspective, will need to respond
intelligently to the new phenomena (Sreekumar, 2008).
The localized impact of climate change, in particular how local populations will be
influenced and, in the case of major catastrophes, how they will cope with the challenge of social
and economic rebuilding, is also less contested. Furthermore, capturing the precise links of
global-local climate change interconnections is difficult.
Tourism is an industry that has a wide range of effects on the lives of ordinary people.
Initially, the tourist sector sought to portray itself as a victim of climate change. The main source
of concern was the potential danger of climate change to tourism locations’ long-term viability.
However, later study and reflection correctly emphasized the importance of sending markets in
exacerbating tourism’s detrimental effects on climate change. Citizens and manufacturers in
Northern nations have been scrutinized by the developing world for their disproportionate

contribution to CO2 emissions at home and abroad, ever since the climate change debate began
to gain traction.
Sustainable Tourism Development and Competitiveness
Travel has become an inextricable element of people’s life. A desire for travel is
unaffected by global issues or the fear of terrorism. In the year 2019, around 1.4 billion people
traveled throughout the world (UNWTO, 2019). However, tourism, like any other economic
sector, not only benefits states economically, but it also causes severe issues such as excessive
energy consumption and increased negative environmental repercussions, such as climate
change. Also, as a result of tourism and travel expansions, environment is being ruined, tourist
locations are suffering from heavy tourist flows, and local people’s quality of life is
deteriorating. To reduce harmful tourist effects, the United Nations Globe Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) declared 2017 the Year of Sustainable Tourism and asked the entire world to travel
while adhering to sustainable tourism principles and supporting local communities (UNWTO,
2017).
According to research (UNWTO, 2017), the modern economy is marked by strong
competitiveness in all areas of business, including tourism. Organizations are required to boost
corporate efficiency, use cutting-edge technology, seek out competitive advantages in products
and services, compete for more market share, and retain the finest experts in order to survive.
When future development is difficult without attracting investment resources, the author
(Smagurauskien, 2009) highlights that organizational management faces a dilemma.

Investment gives a company a competitive edge as well as a potent growth indicator.
According to Smagurauskien (2009), all EU and major global states encourage business growth
in some form or another, with a special focus on the country’s small and medium businesses,
which are considered to create the country’s economic foundation and ensure its stability.
Financial assistance to small and medium-sized businesses is a crucial policy tool for small and
medium-sized businesses.
Sustainable Development of Tourism Destinations
For many nations, tourism has become the primary source of revenue and a means of
survival. As a result, tourism competitiveness issues are closely linked to addressing sustainable
development targets of tourist destinations and providing green tourism services that do not have
a negative impact on the environment, ensure resource savings, and protect the natural
environment, and are based on innovations in green service development. In the event that tourist
flows increase, new companies that provide accommodation, catering, and transportation are
being established. “Strengthening public economic and cultural integration determine the
development of regional tourism, which is inextricably linked to the impact on the economy,
socio-cultural environment, and nature,” writes Zilinskas (2011). “Due to the increasing tourism
demand, municipalities foster tourism, expecting to receive revenue from tourism, to create new
workplaces, and to encourage the development of business service.”
However, mastering the fundamentals of tourist management and implementing
innovations in this sector is required in order to grow a firm. “Tourism management is a difficult
process – it is directly and indirectly tied to numerous sectors (accommodation, catering,
transportation, connections, insurance, etc.) that are designed not only for visitors, but also for
the satisfaction of local people’ needs,” writes Paulauskien (2013). So yet, no efficient

administration of a tourist industry at the national, regional, or local municipal levels has been
established.” “It is one of the most challenging challenges, solved in practice, that tourist policy
makers face in nations of various economic development levels,” the author says.
The Sustainability Debate
The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) famously defined
sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without
jeopardizing future generations’ ability to meet their own needs” (WCED, 1987), but many
authors have since developed their own definitions and taken differing positions on the term.
Attempts have been made to classify these notions, resulting in concepts of weak versus strong,
light green versus dark green and techno/anthropocentric versus eco-centric, with the former in
each case taking the view that natural capital may be replaced with human-made capital, whereas
the latter deems natural and human-made capital as incompatible (Haughton and Hunter 1994).
There are common themes that can be combined to provide some ‘principles’ for
sustainable development within this range of definitions and approaches, based on the underlying
notion that future generations should be compensated for reductions in the endowment of
resources caused by current generations’ actions (Pearce et al., 1989). These concepts of futurity,
equity, and environment, according to Haughton and Hunter (1994), must underpin the process
of sustainable development, so that principles of inter- and intra-generational equity, as well as
trans-frontier responsibility, are at the forefront of sustainable development policy.

Sustainability is increasingly being linked to systems thinking (see Bell and Morse, 2003;
Kelly and Baker, 2002; Bakkes, 1997), in which sustainability is viewed as a framework for
change management. Systems thinking emphasizes thinking about cause and effect as well as
inter-relationships between elements (following Senge et al., 1994 in Kelly and Baker, 2002).
Sustainable Tourism Development and Economic Growth
On a global and local level, tourism is a rapidly increasing and economically essential
business. It has essential economic, social, and cultural significance, as well as real potential for
long-term, inclusive growth. The importance of this industry is such that, before to the
introduction of COVID-19, the number of tourist journeys made each year had surpassed the
global population. In 2019, international visitor arrivals surpassed 1.5 billion, an increase of 3.8
percent over the previous year. Similarly, this amount is predicted to climb, with 1.8 billion
foreign tourists expected by 2030, albeit this figure may be changed depending on the impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic (Gomez, 2021). Tourism has established itself as a vital engine of
economic growth after six decades of continuous expansion. In this regard, it’s worth noting that
the travel and tourism industry grew by 3.5 percent in 2019, outpacing the world economy’s 2.5
percent growth for the ninth year in a row. From a different viewpoint, the industry directly
provides 4.4 percent of GDP, 6.9 percent of employment, and 21.5 percent of service exports in
nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD).

COVID-19’s negative consequences, on the other hand, are not confined to the loss of
human lives; they also encompass short- and long-term social, economic, and political
consequences. With ramifications for international tourism, a longer and more intensive COVID-
19 is predicted to lower global growth to 1.5 percent in 2020, which is half of the projected
growth rate before 2020. According to the International Monetary Fund, the COVID-19
epidemic could spark a worldwide recession in 2020 that might be worse than the one caused by
the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. Similarly, the COVID-19 epidemic will have substantial
ramifications for worldwide tourism, with significant implications for numerous countries’
economic development and prosperity.
Culture and Heritage in Sustainable Tourism Development
Culture is a very hard concept. It has long been a prominent topic in academic study, and
it has been researched in a variety of domains. Yaprak (2008) uses the idea of culture at the
national or societal level to illustrate the 'values, beliefs, conventions, and behavioral patterns of
a national group,' as described by Leung, Bhagat, Buchan, Erez, and Gibson (2005).
The adoption of sustainable tourism practices is influenced by a wide range of elements,
including social, cultural, and economic concerns at each level of the tourist sector (Day & Cai,
2012). Individual attitudes, which are frequently impacted by culture, play a significant role in
understanding the viewpoints of residents and other stakeholders on sustainable tourism (Chen &
Jim, 2010; Liu, Ouyang, & Miao, 2010). As an example, the Chinese have a 'harmony approach
characterized by respect for environment and love for people' (Wang & Heikki, 2009).
Furthermore, cultural and heritage objectives are reflected in China's methods to sustainable
development in cities and villages (Zhao, Wang, Fu, Wang, & Zhang, 2011).

The Brief Review of Sustainable Tourism
Since the late 1980s, sustainable tourism development has received substantial attention
in various scientific studies, notably in tourism studies, and has been one of the most rapidly
increasing fields of tourist studies study. According to Buckley (2012), the phrase "sustainable
tourism" was coined about two decades ago. During the first decade, basic frameworks from
tourism, economics, and environmental management backgrounds were examined. Sharpley
(2000), Gossling (2002), Liu (2003), Saarinen (2006), Lane (2009b), and Liu (2003) were among
those who reconceptualized and critiqued the second decade (2013). According to Bramwell and
Lane, the two most important pioneers of these concepts in the tourism industry, sustainable
tourism emerged in part as a negative and reactive concept in response to numerous tourism
issues, such as environmental damage and serious impacts on society and traditional cultures
(Bramwell & Lane, 1993). Tourism development has gradually come to be considered as a
solution capable of bringing about good change through the concepts of sustainable tourism.
Sustainable tourism has played an essential role in discovering strategies to achieve beneficial
outcomes, as have established regulatory and development control techniques (Bramwell &
Lane, 2012).
Sustainability and sustainable development are defined in a variety of ways. The most
well-known definition of sustainable development is "development that fulfills the demands of
the present without jeopardizing future generations' ability to satisfy their own needs" (WCED,
1987). This formulation indicates the interdependence of economic progress, environmental
conservation, and social fairness, with one part encouraging the others. According to the World
Tourism Organization (WTO), sustainable development is defined as follows:

Sustainable tourism development satisfies the demands of current visitors and host places
while also safeguarding and expanding future prospects. It is envisioned that it will lead to the
management of all resources in such a way that economic, social, and aesthetic requirements
may be met while preserving cultural integrity, critical ecological processes, biological variety,
and life support systems.
The precise definition of' sustainability' is highlighted by Liu (2013), which implies the
significant role of states in preparing a steady progress in life conditions for future generations;'
sustainable development' is more process-oriented and associated with managed changes that
cause improvements in conditions for those involved in such development; and' sustainable
tourism' is defined as all types of tourism that are compatible with or contribute to sustainable
development. 'Sustainable tourism' necessitates both the long-term expansion of tourism's
contribution to the economy and society, as well as the long-term use of resources and the
environment, all of which will be acquired via a thorough knowledge and effective management
of tourism demand (Liu, 2013). Tourism development, according to Liu (1994), is a dynamic
process of aligning tourism resources to the wants and preferences of present or future tourists.
Eco-system and Eco-tourism
Ecotourism is one of the world's fastest growing tourism industries (WTO, 2003).
Ecotourism is frequently seen as a sort of nature-based tourism and has piqued the interest of
travelers as an alternative type of tourism. According to Ayala (1995), ecotourism is "tourism
that allows for the pleasure and knowledge of a destination's nature and culture while creating
economic advantages and actively supporting environmental protection." Ecotourism
management has several obstacles, including building a viable and environmentally sustainable

enterprise while also providing a gratifying experience for guests and raising living conditions in
the host community (Lim & McAleer, 2005).
The rise of the tourist sector, particularly in developing nations, has been poorly planned
and foreseen, resulting in the deterioration, depletion, and, in some cases, entire loss of key
economy-supporting natural resources (Baker, 1997; Obua & Harding, 1997; Shackley, 1996).
As a result, emphasizing sustainability is reasonable since it leads to ecologically sensitive tourist
development and the conservation of natural resources from the negative environmental
consequences of tourism.
CHAPTER III
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK /CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the theoretical framework and the conceptual framework of the
study that the researchers utilized in pursuing the aim of assessing the sustainable tourism
development in Mt. Pamitinan.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the theory of sustainable tourism development. In the
tourism industry, sustainable development entails two major considerations: preserving the
natural environment, resources, and biodiversity, as well as preserving live cultural heritage and
customs. The state, companies, and local communities should work together to establish
sustainable tourist development initiatives. The tactics must be centered on maximizing potential

good outcomes while avoiding or reducing potential negative consequences. Impact monitoring
and assessment systems, as well as performance indicators, must be established. Tourism is
demonstrated to contribute to producing foreign exchange revenues, providing jobs and income,
and increasing domestic consumption when it grows as a result of a professionally developed and
managed strategy.
It also benefits the host communities’ social and cultural growth. Smaller and emerging
nations that specialize in tourism enjoy better economic development than countries that do not
have a substantial tourism industry, according to studies. The contribution of tourism to national
economies may be precisely and simply assessed using modern economic and statistical
methodologies, which can be used as an indicator in analyzing the impact and impacts of tourist
expansion.
Sustainable tourism is known to have three pillars: social justice, economic growth, and
environmental integrity. The belief that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social
rights is known as social justice. As a result, one of the objectives of sustainable tourism is to
achieve equity and to be future proof. Economic growth, on the other hand, is the goal of most
types of tourism, and it ensures that tourism will assist the country’s economy thrive. Finally,
environmental integrity, which is synonymous with sustainable tourism, encompasses a wide
range of notions that characterize a healthy natural system capable of supporting critical
activities.
The three pillars are the variables that was analyzed in conjunction with the study
because the above-mentioned pillars are crucial when it comes to measuring the sustainable
tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan.

Conceptual Framework
This research attempts to assess the sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan, as
well as some of the elements that have a significant impact on its development. This study was
implemented using the Input-Process-Output (IPO) paradigm. As shown in Figure 1, the variable
of this study is reflected in the stated model.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Participating  Data collection of the The proposed guideline to
respondents (Locals respondents’ profile. further develop the
and LGU of Rizal)  Administering sustainable tourism at Mt.
 Demographic Profile questionnaires. Pamitinan.
 Perception of  Organization of
sustainable tourism respondents’
development in terms responses.
of:  Statistical Analysis of
 Social data.
 Economic
 Environmental
Figure 1 – Study’s Conceptual Framework
The study used the IPO model as a basis for assessing the sustainable tourism
development in Mt. Pamitinan with the input being the participating respondents and their

demographic profile, their perception of sustainable tourism development based on social,
economic, and environmental components.
Data collection of the respondents’ profile, administering questionnaires, organization of
respondents’ responses, and the statistical analysis of the data are all part of the process.
The study’s output is the creation of guidelines based on the findings.
Chapter IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the necessary procedures, tools, and method necessary to gather
the required data that will answer the problem of this study. Specifically, this covers the research
design, the respondents of the study, the data gathering instruments, and data gathering
procedures.
Research Design

The descriptive research approach was used in this study. According to Nassaji (2015),
descriptive research entails gathering data in order to test a hypothesis or answer questions about
respondents’ status. It is a type of study that determines and describes how observations are
made.
To identify and explain the demographic features of the respondents, as well as their
perceptions on sustainable tourism development in terms of social, economic, and environmental
components, a descriptive study approach using a survey was used.
Participants of the Study
The study had the tourists, locals, and the LGU of Rizal as the respondents of the study.
According to the 2020 census, Rizal has a population of 3,330,143. Since it is impossible
to cover all of these potential respondents, the researcher decided to employ a stratified
sampling. Since there are three categories of respondents: tourists, locals of Rizal, and the LGU
of the same province, the researcher divided the three categories according to their group. Since
there are a total of four-hundred and five (405) respondents, 50.5% will came from the locals of
Rizal, 43.8% came from the tourists, and 5.4% came from the LGU. Hence, there were 205
locals, 178 tourists, and 22 respondents from the Local Government Unit.
From here on, the random sampling technique was employed.
Data Gathering Instrument

In this study, a survey questionnaire was employed. There were four (4) sections to the
survey questionnaire. The demographic profile of the respondents is the first part. The second
section focused on the respondents’ perceptions of Mt. Pamitinan’s development in terms of the
three pillars of sustainable tourism development: social, economic, and environmental. The
Likert scale was used to measure perception. The third section is about the factors that the LGU
of Rizal uses in assessing the development of Mt. Pamitinan. The fourth part is about the plans of
the LGU of Rizal in the further development of Mt. Pamitinan. The third and fourth section was
only answered by the LGU respondents. The survey took no longer than fifteen (15) minutes to
complete. The identities of the respondents were kept anonymous.
The questionnaires were proofread and checked to ensure that all of the information
needed to assess Mt. Pamitinan’s sustainable tourism development is collected. It was also pre-
tested on friends and acquainted locals of Rizal to ensure clarity and that the study’s research
topics are addressed.
Data Gathering Procedure
This study is being suggested during a pandemic, when people’s movements and
gatherings are restricted because of quarantine restrictions. As a result, the researcher used online
questionnaires to gather data. A formal letter was sent to the respondents notifying them of the
survey’s purpose. A permission letter was also sent to the STI College Cubao administration,
notifying them of the survey’s conduct.

Google forms was utilized for the online survey. The form was formally emailed to the
respondents who have been chosen.
The anonymity of the respondents was protected by the researcher by not collecting their
names or publishing any information about their responses that may indicate their identity. The
survey took place at a time that is convenient for the respondents. Before each survey is
completed, the researcher explained its purpose and how it will be used to tackle a specific
problem. The participants were then asked if they still want to participate.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After the participation period has ended, statistical analysis was performed on variables
selected from the survey to establish areas of importance and to answer the study’s research
objectives.
The demographic profile was be analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of a
frequency and percentage table. The respondents’ perceptions on Mt. Pamitinan’s development
and the three pillars of sustainable tourism development was evaluated using descriptive
statistics such as mean and standard deviation. The t-test was used to generate inferences,
conclusions, and recommendations based on the results.
CHAPTER V
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The aim of this research was to assess the sustainable tourism development in Mt.
Pamitinan. The three pillars of sustainable tourism, namely social justice, economic
development, and environmental integrity were taken into account in this study and served as the
foundation for analyzing the sustainable tourist development in Mt. Pamitinan.

In chapter 4, we reviewed the questionnaire that was created as a tool to validate the
components of the three pillars. The questionnaire's objective was not only to collect data for this
thesis, but also to identify areas of the subject for future research.
This chapter contains a full discussion of the findings of the data collected via
questionnaires in order to address the study questions stated in Chapter 1. The sample profile is
summarized in the first section of this chapter, and the remainder of the sections are the results,
which are presented separately for each study topic. It should be noted that some of the questions
are essentially theoretical in nature and have been treated as such. When additional queries
required empirical proof, relevant tables and diagrams were employed to summarize the findings.
Demographic profile of the respondents according to age, gender, location.
Table 1
Profile of Respondents According to Age
f %
15-20 years old 149 36.79%
21-30 years old 180 44.44%
31-40 years old 33 8.15%
41-50 years old 24 5.93%
Above 50 years old 19 4.69%
Total 405 100%
Table 1 above shows the profile of the respondents according to age. The results showed
that 180 respondents or 44.44% belonged to the 21-30 years old age bracket. 149 (36.79%) were

in the 15-20 years old bracket. The 31-40 age bracket had 33 (8.15%) respondents while the 41-
50 years old had 24 (5.93%). 19 respondents or 4.69% were above 50 years old.
This table shows that most of the respondents, which are the people who have heard or
been to Mt. Pamitinan are the tourists, local residents, or LGU ages from 21-30 years old.
Table 2
Profile of Respondents According to Gender
f %
Male 178 43.95%
Female 193 47.65%
LGBTQIA+ 14 3.46%
Prefer Not To Say 20 4.94%
Total 405 100%
Table 2 reveals the profile of the respondents according to gender. Of the 405
respondents, 193 or 47.65% were female and that 178 or 43.95% were classified as males. There
were 20 or 4.94% who Preferred Not to Say what their gender was. Finally, 14 or 3.46% reported
that they were members of the LGBTQIA+ community. Based on this table, we can conclude
that most respondents are female.
Table 3
Profile of Respondents According to Type of Respondent
f %
Locals 205 50.62%
Tourists 178 43.95%
Local Government Unit of Rizal 22 5.43%
Total 405 100%

Table 3 reveals the profile of the respondents according to the type of respondent. Of the
405 respondents, 205 or 50.62% were locals and 178 or 43.95% were classified as males. There
were 22 or 5.43% who were Local Government Units of the province of Rizal. This table shows
that among three types of respondents, most respondents came from the locals of Rizal, followed
by the tourists, and then the LGU.
Table 4
Profile of Respondents According to Location
f %
Angono 4 0.99%
Antipolo 24 5.93%
Baras 2 0.49%
Binangonan 7 1.73%
Cainta 11 2.72%
Cardona 3 0.74%
Jala-jala 2 0.49%
Morong 2 0.49%
Others 82 20.25%
Pasig 40 9.88%
Real 11 2.72%
Rodriguez 161 39.75%
San Mateo 31 7.65%
Tanay 6 1.48%
Taytay 17 4.20%
Teresa 2 0.49%
Total 405 100%

Table 4 presents the profile of the respondents according to Location. 161 of the
respondents or 39.75% disclosed that they were from Rodriguez. 82 or 20.25% reported that they
came from other places. 40 of the respondents or 9.88% said that they were residing in Pasig. 31
or 7.65% mentioned that they came from San Mateo. 24 of the respondents or 5.93% hailed from
Antipolo while 17 or 4.20% were from Taytay. Meanwhile, Cainta and Real had 11 or 2.72%
respondents each. Binangonan had 7 (1.73%) respondents, Tanay with 6 (1.48%), Agono listed 4
(.99%), and Cardona reportedly had 3 (0.74%) respondents. Baras, Jala-jala, Morong, and Teresa
each had 2 (0.49%) respondents.
B. Perceptions of Respondents Towards Sustainable Tourism Development According

to the Three Pillars
Table A1
Perceptions of Tourists Towards Sustainable Tourism

Development According to Social Pillar
Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
1. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in
promoting the culture of the 4.0787 Somewhat Agree
people in Rizal.
2. Mt. Pamitinan ensures a satisfying
and rewarding experience for the 4.1966 Somewhat Agree
tourists.
3. Mt. Pamitinan have a positive
impact on preserving the culture in 4.0281 Somewhat Agree
Rizal.
4. Mt. Pamitinan enlightens the
tourists or potential tourists
3.9157 Somewhat Agree
regarding the cultural and
historical heritage of the site
improving the quality of life for 4.1124 Somewhat Agree
the local community
6. Mt. Pamitinan supports local 3.9494 Somewhat Agree

projects for the betterment of the
local community
7. Mt. Pamitinan provides the local
community with long-term 3.9157 Somewhat Agree
promotional benefits.
8. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the
development of the local 4.0730 Somewhat Agree
community.
9. Mt. Pamitinan promotes positive
changes in values and customs.
10. Mt. Pamitinan increases demand
for historical and cultural exhibits.
Grand Mean 4.0157 Somewhat Agree
Table A2
Perceptions of Local Residents Towards Sustainable Tourism

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
promoting the culture of the 4.2927 Strongly Agree
people in Rizal.
and rewarding experience for the 4.4000 Strongly Agree
tourists.
impact on preserving the culture in 4.2780 Strongly Agree
Rizal.
4.2390 Strongly Agree
improving the quality of life for 4.2390 Strongly Agree
the local community
6. Mt. Pamitinan supports local
projects for the betterment of the 4.2244 Strongly Agree
local community
community with long-term 4.1415 Somewhat Agree
8. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the 4.2439 Strongly Agree

development of the local
community.
Grand Mean 4.2171 Strongly Agree
Table A3
Perceptions of Local Government Towards Sustainable Tourism

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
people in Rizal.
tourists.
impact on preserving the culture in 4.4394 Strongly Agree
Rizal.
improving the quality of life for 4.4091 Strongly Agree
the local community
projects for the betterment of the 4.4091 Strongly Agree
local community
community with long-term 4.4697 Strongly Agree
development of the local 4.3939 Strongly Agree
community.

Table 5
Perceptions of Respondents Towards Sustainable Tourism

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
people in Rizal.
tourists.
impact on preserving the culture Somewhat
4.1778
Agree
in Rizal.
tourists or potential tourists Somewhat
4.1111
regarding the cultural and Agree
improving the quality of life for Somewhat
4.1901
Agree
the local community
projects for the betterment of the Somewhat
4.1086
Agree
local community
community with long-term Somewhat
4.0642
promotional benefits. Agree

development of the local Somewhat
4.1753
community. Agree
9. Mt. Pamitinan promotes positive Somewhat

changes in values and customs. 4.0642
Agree

Somewhat
for historical and cultural exhibits. 3.9877
Agree
Table 5 discloses the perceptions of the respondents towards sustainable tourism
development according to the Social Pillar. Highest mean of 4.3185, verbally translated as
Strongly Agree was produced by the perception that Mt. Pamitinan ensures a satisfying and
rewarding experience for the tourists. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan contributes in
promoting the culture of the people in Rizal received the second highest mean of 4.2247 or
Strongly Agree. Third highest mean of 4.1901 or Somewhat Agree was garnered by the
perception that Mt. Pamitinan contributes in improving the quality of life for the local
community.
The perception that Mt. Pamitinan have a positive impact on preserving the culture in
Rizal had a mean of 4.1778, with a verbal interpretation of Somewhat Agree. The perception that
Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the development of the local community had a mean of 4.1753 or
Somewhat Agree. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan enlightens the tourists or potential tourists
regarding the cultural and historical heritage of the site received a mean of 4.111 or Somewhat
Agree. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan supports local projects for the betterment of the local
community got a mean of 4.1086 or Somewhat Agree.
The perceptions with the lowest mean were: Mt. Pamitinan provides the local community
with long-term promotional benefits which had 4.0642, Somewhat Agree; Mt. Pamitinan
promotes positive changes in values and customs with 4.0642 or Somewhat Agree; and, Mt.
Pamitinan increases demand for historical and cultural exhibits with 3.9877, Somewhat Agree.
Grand mean for this aspect is 4.1422, verbally translated as Somewhat Agree.

Table B1

Development According to Economic Pillar
Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
1. Mt. Pamitinan plays a significant
role in enhancing the economy in 4.0506 Somewhat Agree
Rizal through tourism.
2. Mt. Pamitinan supports the local
economy by creating more
opportunities in terms of
generating an income.
3. The growth and/or development of
Mt. Pamitinan helps in improving 4.1180 Somewhat Agree
Rizal’s economy.
4. Mt. Pamitinan promotes the
selling of local products such as
souvenirs to the tourists to support 3.9326 Somewhat Agree
the small business owners in
Rizal.
5. Mt. Pamitinan helps to generate
more local jobs, helping to
decrease the unemployment rate in
Rizal.
6. Mt. Pamitinan sources their
supplies locally to support the 3.8876 Somewhat Agree
local economy.
betterment of income and standard 3.9157 Somewhat Agree
of living of the local community.
8. Mt. Pamitinan creates new
business opportunities for the
locals and external investors that 3.9157 Somewhat Agree
will provide more employment for
the locals.
9. Mt. Pamitinan helps in increasing
tax revenues.

Table B2

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
role in enhancing the economy in 4.2976 Strongly Agree
Mt. Pamitinan helps in improving 4.1805 Somewhat Agree
Rizal’s economy.
souvenirs to the tourists to support 4.1220 Somewhat Agree
Rizal.
Rizal.
supplies locally to support the 4.0732 Somewhat Agree
local economy.
betterment of income and standard 4.1122 Somewhat Agree
locals and external investors that 4.1024 Somewhat Agree
the locals.
tax revenues.

Table B3

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
role in enhancing the economy in 4.4545 Strongly Agree
Mt. Pamitinan helps in improving 4.4545 Strongly Agree
Rizal’s economy.
souvenirs to the tourists to support 4.3788 Strongly Agree
Rizal.
Rizal.
supplies locally to support the 4.4242 Strongly Agree
local economy.
betterment of income and standard 4.3939 Strongly Agree
locals and external investors that 4.4091 Strongly Agree
the locals.
tax revenues.

Table 6

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
role in enhancing the economy in Somewhat
4.1975
Agree
economy by creating more Somewhat
4.0988
opportunities in terms of Agree
3. The growth and/or development
of Mt. Pamitinan helps in Somewhat
4.1728
Agree
improving Rizal’s economy.
souvenirs to the tourists to support Somewhat
4.0519
Agree
Rizal.
more local jobs, helping to Somewhat
4.0222
decrease the unemployment rate Agree
in Rizal.
supplies locally to support the Somewhat
4.0049
local economy. Agree

betterment of income and Somewhat
standard of living of the local 4.0469
Agree
community.
8. Mt. Pamitinan creates new 4.0395 Somewhat

business opportunities for the Agree
locals and external investors that

the locals.
9. Mt. Pamitinan helps in increasing Somewhat

tax revenues. 3.9654
Agree
Table 6 reveals the perceptions of the respondents towards sustainable tourism
development according to the Economic Pillar. The perception with the highest mean of 4.1975
verbally interpreted as Somewhat Agree was that Mt. Pamitinan plays a significant role in
enhancing the economy in Rizal through tourism. The perception that the growth and/or
development of Mt. Pamitinan helps in improving Rizal’s economy had the second highest mean
of 4.1728 or Somewhat Agree. Third highest mean was produced by the perception that Mt.
Pamitinan supports the local economy by creating more opportunities in terms of generating an
income.
The perception that Mt. Pamitinan promotes the selling of local products such as
souvenirs to the tourists to support the small business owners in Rizal received a mean of 4.0519
or Somewhat Agree. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the betterment of income
and standard of living of the local community had a mean of 4.0469, Somewhat Agree. More so,
the perception that Mt. Pamitinan creates new business opportunities for the locals and external
investors that will provide more employment for the locals gained a mean of 4.0395 or
Somewhat Agree.
The three lowest means were received by the following perceptions: Mt. Pamitinan helps
to generate more local jobs, helping to decrease the unemployment rate in Rizal with 4.0222 or
Somewhat Agree; Mt. Pamitinan sources their supplies locally to support the local economy with

a mean of 4.0049 or Somewhat Agree; and Mt. Pamitinan helps in increasing tax revenues with
the lowest mean of 3.0654 or Somewhat Agree.
Grand mean for this aspect is 4.0667, verbally translated as Somewhat Agree.
Table C1

Development According to Environmental Pillar
Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
1. Mt. Pamitinan offers the
guarantee of quality and
respect for the environment
through sustainable tourism.
2. Mt. Pamitinan minimizes the
generation of waste with its
environmental-friendly 4.0449 Somewhat Agree
protocols to manage natural
areas.
3. Mt. Pamitinan encourages the
tourists to conserve and be
more eco-friendly while
travelling through the policies
they implement in line with
sustainable tourism.
4. Mt. Pamitinan puts efforts in
maintaining and enhancing its 3.9326 Somewhat Agree
natural and cultural heritage.
5. The activities in Mt.
Pamitinan assures the
preservation of the quality of
the natural environment.
6. Mt. Pamitinan provides the
staff and tourists with
information, tips, and training 3.9719 Somewhat Agree
on how to be more
environmentally responsible.

7. Mt. Pamitinan raises
awareness on environmental 3.9045 Somewhat Agree
issues.
8. Mt. Pamitinan promotes long-
term conservation of the area.
9. Mt. Pamitinan protects the
natural environment.
10. Mt. Pamitinan prevents
further ecological decline.
Table C2

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
environmental-friendly 4.2341 Strongly Agree
areas.
maintaining and enhancing its 4.1463 Somewhat Agree

information, tips, and training 4.2000 Somewhat Agree
on how to be more
awareness on environmental 4.1902 Somewhat Agree
issues.
Table C3

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
environmental-friendly 4.3636 Strongly Agree
areas.
4. Mt. Pamitinan puts efforts in 4.3636 Strongly Agree
maintaining and enhancing its

information, tips, and training 4.4242 Strongly Agree
on how to be more
awareness on environmental 4.4545 Strongly Agree
issues.
Table 7

Verbal
Mean
Interpretation
guarantee of quality and respect
for the environment through
generation of waste with its Somewhat
4.1531
environmental-friendly protocols Agree
to manage natural areas.
3. Mt. Pamitinan encourages the 4.1580 Somewhat
tourists to conserve and be more Agree
eco-friendly while travelling
through the policies they
implement in line with sustainable

tourism.
maintaining and enhancing its Somewhat
4.0617
Agree
5. The activities in Mt. Pamitinan
assures the preservation of the Somewhat
4.0963
quality of the natural Agree
environment.
6. Mt. Pamitinan provides the staff
and tourists with information, tips, Somewhat
4.1062
and training on how to be more Agree
7. Mt. Pamitinan raises awareness
Somewhat
on environmental issues. 4.0741
Agree
Somewhat
term conservation of the area. 4.1556
Agree
9. Mt. Pamitinan protects the natural
environment.
10. Mt. Pamitinan prevents further Somewhat
4.0716
ecological decline. Agree
Table 7 presents the perceptions of the respondents towards sustainable tourism
development according to the environmental pillar. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan offers the
guarantee of quality and respect for the environment through sustainable tourism received the
highest mean of 4.2593, verbally interpreted as Strongly Agree. This was followed by the
perception that Mt. Pamitinan protects the natural environment which garnered the second
highest mean of 4.2395 or Strongly Agree. Third highest mean of 4.1580 or Somewhat Agree
was earned by the perception that Mt. Pamitinan encourages the tourists to conserve and be more
eco-friendly while travelling through the policies they implement in line with sustainable

tourism. This was followed by the perception that Mt. Pamitinan promotes long-term
conservation of the area with 4.1556 or Somewhat Agree.
The perception that Mt. Pamitinan minimizes the generation of waste with its
environmental-friendly protocols to manage natural areas had a mean of 4.1531 with verbal
interpretation of Somewhat Agree. The perception that Mt. Pamitinan provides the staff and
tourists with information, tips, and training on how to be more environmentally responsible came
in next with a mean of 4.1062 or Somewhat Agree. The perception that the activities in Mt.
Pamitinan assures the preservation of the quality of the natural environment received a mean of
4.0963, Somewhat Agree.
The three lowest means belonged to the following perceptions: Mt. Pamitinan raises
awareness on environmental issues with 4.0741 or Somewhat Agree; Mt. Pamitinan prevents
further ecological decline with 4.0716, Somewhat Agree; and Mt. Pamitinan puts efforts in
maintaining and enhancing its natural and cultural heritage with 4.0617 or Somewhat Agree.
Grand mean for this aspect was 4.1375, verbally interpreted as Somewhat Agree.
Table 8
Grand Mean of Perceptions of Respondents Towards Sustainable

Tourism Development According to the Three Pillars
Grand Verbal
Mean Interpretation
Social Pillar 4.1422 Somewhat Agree
Economic Pillar 4.0667 Somewhat Agree

Environmental Pillar 4.1375 Somewhat Agree
Table 8 presents the Grand Mean of all the perceptions of the respondents towards
sustainable tourism development according to the Three Pillars. The highest grand mean among
the three belonged to the Social Pillar which is 4.1422 with a verbal interpretation of Somewhat
Agree. Second highest grand mean of 4.1375 belonged to the Environmental Pillar described as
Somewhat Agree. Finally, the Economic Pillar had a grand mean of 4.0667, Somewhat Agree.
The tables under the perception of respondents (tourists, local respondents, and the LGU
of Rizal) towards the three pillars of sustainable tourism development (social, economic, and
environmental) in Mt. Pamitinan showed that while there are still a lot to improve when it comes
to these three components as the basis of sustainable tourism development in Mt. Pamitinan, the
tables also showed that Mt. Pamitinan is indeed on the right track when it comes to sustainable
tourism development. The tables showed us that based on the perception of the respondents, Mt.
Pamitinan is indeed social, economic, and environmentally responsible.
Table 9
Applicable Factors That Rizal LGUs Use to

Assess Development in Mt. Pamitinan
f % Rank
1. Competitiveness of
10 9.90% 2
Destination

2. Quality of Destination 9 8.92% 3
3. Satisfaction of the Tourists 8 7.92% 4
4. Annual Occupancy Level 4 3.96% 7
5. Impact on the Economy of the
6 5.94% 6
Province
6. Impact on the Future
10 9.90% 2
Development of the Province
7. Stability and Increase in
7 6.93% 5
Employment
8. Loyalty of Customers 6 5.94% 6
9. Emotional Experience of
12 11.88% 1
Tourists
10. Sustainability of the Image 8 7.92% 4
11. Development of Roads and
Infrastructure in the Vicinity 10 9.90% 2
of the Site
12. The Impact of the Marketing
Strategies to the Target 10 9.90% 2
Customers
13. Others 1 0.99% 8
Total 101 100%
Table 9 shows the applicable factors that Local Government Units in the province of
Rizal used to assess development in Mt. Pamitinan. Of the 101 LGU respondents who
participated in the research, 12 or 11.88% revealed that they assessed development in the area
through the Emotional Experience of Tourists. 10 LGUs or 9.90% said that their yardstick was
the Competitiveness of the Destination. Another 10 (9.90%) said that the Impact of the Future
Development of the Province was their measure. 10 (9.90%) more mentioned that Development
of Roads and Infrastructure in the Vicinity of the Site accounted for development. Still another
10 (9.90%) believed that the Impact of the Marketing Strategies to the Target Customers was
proof enough of development. 9 LGUs or 8.92% disclosed that the Quality of the Destination
showed that development was present. 8 (7.92%) LGUs revealed that the Satisfaction of Tourists

who visit the place was proof enough of development. Another 8 or 7.92% said that they see
development in the Sustainability of the Image of Mt. Pamitinan. 7 (6.93%) of those who
participated believed that there was development because there was Stability and Increase in
Employment. Loyalty of Customers was the factor that 6 (5.94%) LGUs believed proved the
proved the site was experiencing development. Another 6 or 5.94% LGUs said that the Impact
on the Economy of the Province showed there indeed was development. Finally, 4 LGUs or
3.96% of the 101, held that they assessed development in Mt. Pamitinan through and Annual
Occupancy Level.

Table 10
Planned Activities of Rizal LGUs for the

Development of Mt. Pamitinan
f % Rank
Improve Road Accessibility to Mt. Pamitinan 14 10.00% 1
Construct plans for the building of infrastructures like souvenir
12 8.57% 2
shops, food establishments, and emergency shelters.
Strengthen safety and security measures by installing CCTV
7 5.00% 5
cameras.
Spread COVID-19 awareness to promote safe travelling. 8 5.71% 4
Improve the accommodation for tourists by making sure it’s
sustainable and can accommodate a justifiable number of 9 6.43% 3
tourists.
Provide more activities for the tourists to make their visit more
worthwhile and to use as a promotion strategy as well for the 9 6.43% 3
site.
Devise strategies to improve the marketing strategy of Mt.
7 5.00% 5
Pamitinan to attract more tourists to the site.
Take advantage of new initiatives from the local government
and hospitality sector and adopt it to further develop Mt. 8 5.71% 4
Pamitinan.
Tailor the offers to different visitor groups, like families or
7 5.00% 5
couples.
Minimize the environmental impact of any activities offered in
7 5.00% 5
Mt. Pamitinan.
Create a new generation of tourism strategies that favors
6 4.29% 6
sustainability.
Strengthen the guidelines and protocols in regards with
promoting sustainability to make sure that the tourists will 12 8.57% 2
strictly follow.
Partner with local organizations with the same advocacy as Mt.
7 5.00% 5
Pamitinan. (e.g., sustainability and environmental advocacies.)
Provide a more sustainable and environmental-friendly
8 5.71% 4
marketing strategy.
Partner with local business owners to promote local products. 6 4.29% 6
Provide more job opportunities to the locals of Rizal. 6 4.29% 6
Design a management system for sustainable development 7 5.00% 5

initiatives.
Total 140 100%
Table 10 presents the planned activities of the Rizal Province Local Government Units
for the development of Mt. Pamitinan. The table reveals, in certain terms, how many LGUs
shared common visions on what to do in order to further develop the site. From this table, it can
be gleaned that 14 LGUs or 10% of the 140 which participated in this research planned to
Improve Road Accessibility to Mt. Pamitinan. 12 LGUs (8.57%) wanted to construct plans for
the building of infrastructures like souvenir shops, food establishments, and emergency shelters.
Another 12 (8.57%) wanted to strengthen the guidelines and protocols with regards to promoting
sustainability to make sure that the tourists will strictly follow. For 9 (6.43%) of the LGUs, the
plan was to Improve the accommodation for tourists by making sure it is sustainable and can
accommodate a justifiable number of tourists. Another 9 (6.43%) LGUs planned to Provide more
activities for the tourists to make their visit more worthwhile and to use as a promotion strategy
as well for the site.
Eight (8) or 5.71% of the LGUs intended to Spread COVID-19 awareness to promote
safe travelling. Another 8 (5.71%) proposed to Take advantage of new initiatives from the local
government and hospitality sector and adopt it to further develop Mt. Pamitinan. Still, 8 (5.71%)
more LGUs planned to Provide a more sustainable and environmental-friendly marketing
strategy.
Going down the list of planned activities, there were seven (7) LGUs or 5.00% of the
total who participated intended to Strengthen safety and security measures by installing CCTV
cameras. Another 7 (5.00%) wanted to Devise strategies to improve the marketing strategy of
Mt. Pamitinan to attract more tourists to the site. More so, 7 (5.00%) LGUs planned to Tailor the

offers to different visitor groups, like families or couples. Still 7 (5.00%) more LGUs proposed
to Minimize the environmental impact of any activities offered in Mt. Pamitinan.
Six (6) or 4.29% LGUs wanted to Create a new generation of tourism strategies that
favors sustainability. Also, 6 (4.29%) more wanted to Partner with local business owners to
promote local products. Finally, the last 6 (4.29%) participating LGUs intended to Provide more
job opportunities to the locals of Rizal.
Likert Scale
Numerical Rating Value Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41 – 4.20 Somewhat Agree
3 2.61 – 3.40 Neither Agree nor Disagree
2 1.81 – 2.60 Somewhat Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree
The tables above showed the findings of the study according to the survey questionnaires
distributed online. This is where the conclusions and recommendations of the study will be
derived from which can be found in chapter 6.

CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The conclusion drawn from the findings of this study on the assessment of sustainable
tourism in Mt. Pamitinan is discussed in this chapter. The study’s goal, research questions, and
results were used to draw conclusions. The implications of these results, as well as the
suggestions that come from them, will be discussed. The results and goal of the study were used
to make the recommendations.
Conclusions
It is true that Mt. Pamitinan is more sustainable than other tourist attractions in Rizal, yet
it is not surprising that it still needs to be improved. The social, economic, and environmental
aspects of Mt. Pamitinan’s sustainable tourism development was considered first and foremost.
When it comes to sustainable tourism, these three components are seen to be important.
Respondents highly believe that Mt. Pamitinan contributes to fostering the culture of the people
in Rizal and assures a fulfilling and rewarding experience for visitors, according to the survey.
This demonstrates that Mt. Pamitinan considers the promotion of culture as well as the ability to
function well in order to delight tourists. The social pillar, on the other hand, is not limited to
these two elements. Many variables or sectors, particularly the improvement of the local
community’s quality of life, should be given more attention. The social pillar is primarily
concerned with improving the community and assisting locals. Based on the study’s findings, the
studies claim that Mt. Pamitinan is definitely doing its part, however, more can still be done.

When it comes to the economic pillar, the study discovered that Mt. Pamitinan
contributes to the improvement of Rizal’s economy by creating jobs for residents, resulting in
greater income opportunities. As a result, the unemployment rate in Rizal lowers as more jobs
are created. The most essential economic element of tourism-related activities is that they
contribute to three high-priority goals for developing countries: revenue production,
employment, and foreign-exchange earnings. Mt. Pamitinan does contribute to the economy of
Rizal, according to the study’s findings. However, because the tourist destination is not well-
known on a national level, it is apparent that Mt. Pamitinan’s economic potential has not been
fully realized.
The last pillar is the environmental. The survey showed that Mt. Pamitinan offers the
guarantee of quality and respect for the environment through sustainable tourism. This means
that Mt. Pamitinan protects the natural environment. As a tourist attraction that showcases nature
itself, Mt. Pamitinan has to give importance to the environment, in which they do. However, just
like the two other pillars, Mt. Pamitinan has not yet perfected sustainable tourism when it comes
to the environmental pillar. The study showed that while Mt. Pamitinan is considered to be very
environmental-friendly, the regulations and protocols when it comes to preserving the
environment should be more strictly implemented to minimize the generation of waste in the area
brought by the tourists.
When it comes to the LGU of Rizal, the factors that they consider in assessing the
development in Mt. Pamitinan is the emotional experience of the tourists, the competitiveness of
the destination, the development of roads and infrastructure in the vicinity of the site, the impact
of the marketing strategies to the target customers, and the quality of the destination itself. Their
future plans include the improvement of road accessibility to Mt. Pamitinan and the construction

of plans for the building of infrastructures like souvenir shops, food establishments, and
emergency shelters. The LGU of Rizal also plans to improve the accommodation for tourists by
making sure it is sustainable and can accommodate a justifiable number of tourists and provide
more activities for the tourists to make their visit more worthwhile and to use it as a promotion
strategy as well for the site.
Recommendations
 Through development, education, and training programs, promote tourism development
in accordance with the natural and cultural environment at the national, regional, and
community levels.
 Organize tourist strategy plans that support ecologically and economically sound, as well
as socially sustainable growth.
 Encourage and facilitate full involvement by including local communities in the creation
of programs aimed at developing awareness for the development and promotion of
sustainable tourism at all levels of society.
 In order to ensure sustainable growth, create environmental effects analysis for the design
of tourism projects.
 Work with the Rizal Local Government Unit to leverage tourist profits to help reduce
poverty and create more jobs in the community.
 Be a cost-effective and long-term solution for utilizing natural resources.

 Utilize non-exploitative marketing tactics that respect people, communities, and
destinations’ surroundings, demolish stereotypes, and integrate sustainable tourism
concepts while developing new marketing methods for ‘green’ tourist marketing.
References
“Boosting Sustainable Tourism Development and Capacity of Tourism SMEs through

Transnational Cooperation and Knowledge Transfer.” (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2022,
from https://tourisme-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/D2.1-Literature-Review-on-
Sustainable-Tourism.pdf
Alampay, R. and C. Libosada. 2003. Development of a classification framework on ecotourism
initiatives in the Philippines. PASCN Discussion Paper 2003-04 Makati City: Philippine
APEC Study Center Network.
Angelevska-Najdeska, K., & Rakicevik, G. (2012). Planning of Sustainable Tourism
Development. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 210–220.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.022
Anil, K., Singh, Punit, K., & Dwivedi. (2011). Sustainable Tourism Development through
Ecotourism: A conceptual Approach Sustainable Tourism Development through
Ecotourism: A conceptual Approach. http://www.thaavan.com/download.php?
download_file=uploadfile/8.+THAVAN+IJREB+Vol-01+Issue+01+Oct-Dec-2011.pdf
Benedicto, R. (2005). The Challenge of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Philippines.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306257124_The_Challenge_of_Sustainable_Tou
rism_Development_in_the_Philippines
Jasrotia, S. S., Kamila, M. K., & Patel, V. K. (2021). Impact of Sustainable Tourism on Tourist’s
Satisfaction: Evidence from India. Business Perspectives and Research,
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Katerina Angelevska-Najdeska, & Rakicevik, G. (2012). Planning of Sustainable Tourism
Development. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 44.
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León-Gómez, A.; Ruiz-Palomo, D.; Fernández-Gámez, M.A.; García-Revilla, M.R. Sustainable
Tourism Development and Economic Growth: Bibliometric Review and Analysis.
Sustainability 2021, 13, 2270. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13042270
Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism, 11(6), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667216
López-Sanz, J. M., Penelas-Leguía, A., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, P., & Cuesta-Valiño, P. (2021).
Rural Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals. A Study of the Variables That
Most Influence the Behavior of the Tourist. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722973
Nugraheni, A. I. P., Priyambodo, T. K., Sutikno, B., & Kusworo, H. A. (2019). DEFINING
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS TOURIST IN

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT. Journal of Business on Hospitality and
Tourism, 5(2), 264. https://doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v5i2.172
Salman, A., Jaafar, M., & Mohamad, D. (2020). A comprehensive review of the role of
Ecotourism in sustainable tourism development. E-Review of Tourism Research, 18(2),
215–233. https://journals.tdl.org/ertr/index.php/ertr/article/view/482
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On Sustainability Of Delhi Tourism. Archives of Business Research, 9(4), 198–217.
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.94.10043
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https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19
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Sustainable Tourism Development in Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Vietnam. The Journal of Asian
Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 561–572.
https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.561

APPENDIX A. GANTT CHART
APPENDIX B. ACTUAL RESEARCH EXPENSES
Quantity Specifics Approximate Cost Actual Cost

1 Statistician Php 3,000.00 Php 3,000.00
1 Transportation Cost Php 2,500.00 Php 2,500.00
1 Research Equipment and Php 1,750.00 Php 1,750.00
Supply
4 Fees for internet connectivity Php 1,999.00 Php 7,996.00
and data connections
3 Subscriptions for paid Php 500.00 Php 1,500.00

publications
APPENDIX C. QUESTIONNAIRE
STI COLLEGE CUBAO

Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan
(Survey Questionnaire)
Date Accomplished: ____________ Survey No:
________
A. Respondent’s Profile
1. Name (Optional):
2. Age:
3. Gender:
4. What type of respondent are you?
___ Tourist
___ Local Resident
___ LGU of Rizal
5. Location: (Note: This only applies to the local residents of Rizal. If you’re not from
Rizal, kindly choose “others”.)
___ Antipolo
___ Taytay
___ Binangonan
___ Cainta
___ Tanay
___ Angono
___ Morong
___San Mateo
___ Teresa
___ Baras
___ Pililla
___ Rodriguez
___ Jala-jala
___ Cardona
___ Pasig
___ Real
___ Others

B. Perception on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Tourism Development
Please rate your perception of each statement under the identified three pillars of sustainable tourism
development.
The rate significance varies from 1 – 5 wherein:
1 = Strongly Disagree
2= Somewhat Disagree
3= Neither Agree nor Disagree
4= Somewhat Agree
5 = Strongly Agree
Social
1. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in promoting the culture of the people in Rizal.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Mt. Pamitinan ensures a satisfying and rewarding experience for the tourists.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Mt. Pamitinan have a positive impact on preserving the culture in Rizal.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Mt. Pamitinan enlightens the tourists or potential tourists regarding the cultural and historical
heritage of the site.
1 2 3 4 5
5. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in improving the quality of life for the local community
1 2 3 4 5
6. Mt. Pamitinan supports local projects for the betterment of the local community.
1 2 3 4 5
7. Mt. Pamitinan provides the local community with long-term promotional benefits.
1 2 3 4 5

8. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the development of the local community.
1 2 3 4 5
9. Mt. Pamitinan promotes positive changes in values and customs.
1 2 3 4 5
10. Mt. Pamitinan increases demand for historical and cultural exhibits.
1 2 3 4 5
Economic
1. Mt. Pamitinan plays a significant role in enhancing the economy in Rizal through tourism.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Mt. Pamitinan supports the local economy by creating more opportunities in terms of
1 2 3 4 5
3. The growth and/or development of Mt. Pamitinan helps in improving Rizal’s economy.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Mt. Pamitinan promotes the selling of local products such as souvenirs to the tourists to support
the small business owners in Rizal.
1 2 3 4 5
5. Mt. Pamitinan helps to generate more local jobs, helping to decrease the unemployment rate in
Rizal.
1 2 3 4 5
6. Mt. Pamitinan sources their supplies locally to support the local economy.
1 2 3 4 5
7. Mt. Pamitinan contributes in the betterment of income and standard of living of the local
community.
1 2 3 4 5

8. Mt. Pamitinan creates new business opportunities for the locals and external investors that will
provide more employment for the locals.
1 2 3 4 5
9. Mt. Pamitinan helps in increasing tax revenues.
1 2 3 4 5
Environmental
1. Mt. Pamitinan offers the guarantee of quality and respect for the environment through
1 2 3 4 5
2. Mt. Pamitinan minimizes the generation of waste with its environmental-friendly protocols to
manage natural areas.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Mt. Pamitinan encourages the tourists to conserve and be more eco-friendly while travelling
through the policies they implement in line with sustainable tourism.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Mt. Pamitinan puts efforts in maintaining and enhancing its natural and cultural heritage.
1 2 3 4 5
5. The activities in Mt. Pamitinan assures the preservation of the quality of the natural
environment.
1 2 3 4 5
6. Mt. Pamitinan provides the staff and tourists with information, tips, and training on how to be
more environmentally responsible.
1 2 3 4 5
7. Mt. Pamitinan raises awareness on environmental issues.
1 2 3 4 5

8. Mt. Pamitinan promotes long-term conservation of the area.
1 2 3 4 5
9. Mt. Pamitinan protects the natural environment.
1 2 3 4 5
10. Mt. Pamitinan prevents further ecological decline.
1 2 3 4 5
C. The factors that the LGU of Rizal uses to assess the development in Mt. Pamitinan.
This part of the questionnaire will only be answered by the respondents coming
from the LGU of Rizal. This section will be used to know the factors that the LGU of
Rizal uses to assess the development in Mt. Pamitinan.
Out of the list, pick the factors used for assessing development that is applicable
to Mt. Pamitinan.
____ Competitiveness of Destination
____ Quality of Destination
____ Satisfaction of the Tourists
____ Annual Occupancy Level
____ Impact on the Economy of the Province
____ Impact on the Future Development of the Province
____ Stability and Increase in Employment
____ Loyalty of Customers
____ Emotional Experience of Tourists
____ Sustainability of the Image
____ Development of roads and infrastructures in the vicinity of the site.
____ The impact of the marketing strategies to the target customers.

____ Others (kindly type down your answer)
D. The Plans of the LGU of Rizal for the development of Mt. Pamitinan.
This section will also only be answered by the LGU of Rizal. This section will be
utilized to know the future or current plans of the LGU of Rizal for the development of
Mt. Pamitinan.
Out of the lists, choose the future plans of the LGU of Rizal for the further
development of Mt. Pamitinan. (If you’re not from the LGU of Rizal, kindly skip this
section.)
___ Improve road accessibility in Mt. Pamitinan.

___ Construct plans for the building of infrastructures like souvenir shops, food
establishments, and emergency shelters.
___ Strengthen safety and security measures by installing CCTV cameras.
___ Spread COVID-19 awareness to promote safe travelling.
___ Improve the accommodation for tourists by making sure it’s sustainable and can
accommodate a justifiable number of tourists.
___ Provide more activities for the tourists to make their visit more worthwhile and to
use as a promotion strategy as well for the site.
___ Devise strategies to improve the marketing strategy of Mt. Pamitinan to attract
more tourists to the site.
___ Take advantage of new initiatives from the local government and hospitality
sector and adopt it to further develop Mt. Pamitinan.
___ Tailor the offers to different visitor groups, like families or couples.
___ Minimize the environmental impact of any activities offered in Mt. Pamitinan.
___ Create a new generation of tourism strategies that favors sustainability.
___ Strengthen the guidelines and protocols in regards with promoting sustainability
to make sure that the tourists will strictly follow.
___ Partner with local organizations with the same advocacy as Mt. Pamitinan. (e.g.,
sustainability and environmental advocacies.)
___ Provide a more sustainable and environmental-friendly marketing strategy.
___ Partner with local business owners to promote local products.
___ Provide more job opportunities to the locals of Rizal.
___ Design a management system for sustainable development initiatives.
___ Others (kindly type down your answer)
Thank you and God bless!

APPENDIX D. LGU DOCUMENTS

Prepared by:
John Cyrus B. Corrales
Mariah Christianne P. Reotutar
Zuzanne S. Segismar
Jasmin Denise B. Sta. Cruz
Noted by:
Jessica B. Corrales
Lyn P. Reotutar
Jackson D.P. Segismar
Sharon B. Sta. Cruz

Approved by:
Athena Y. Jacinto Nicka G. Romero

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ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE

John Cyrus B. Corrales

January 18, 2022

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao i

TITLE OF RESEARCH: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

APPROVED FOR FINAL DEFENSE:

Kenneth Bryann Aliser

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao ii

This research entitled: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan

Accepted and approved by the Research Panel

<Panelist’s Given Name MI. Family Name>

Jose Danilo Jabon

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao iii

The researchers would like to thank the following:

having such a good adviser like you.

and statistical computations for the study.

Research Panelists, for their brilliant thoughts and critique.

responses to the survey.

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao iv

Title of Research: Assessment of Sustainable Tourism Development in Mt. Pamitinan

Researchers: John Cyrus B. Corrales, Mariah Christianne P. Reotutar, Zuzanne S.

Segismar, and Jasmin Denise B. Sta. Cruz

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Date of Completion: May 2022

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao v

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao vi

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao vii

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao viii

The UN Environment Program and the UN World Tourism Organization describe

for Policy Makers).

tourism thrives, every gear in the machine must function properly.

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao 1

items, as well as over tourism, must be considered.

Background of the Study

It is obvious that tourism’s long-term viability depends on its capacity to be sustainable.

location, necessitating the construction of more accommodations and activities. As a result,

tourism are becoming evident.

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao 2

positive attitude, are required for certain pseudo-rock climbing.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao 3

1.4 Type of Respondent?

2. What is the perception of the respondents towards sustainable tourism development

according to the three pillars:

development of Mt. Pamitinan?

Significance of the Study

The results of the study may benefit the following:

them in their future studies.

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao 4

The Provincial Tourism Department of Rizal. Assessing the sustainable tourism

tourists to visit the place.

improvement brought by the assessment of sustainable tourism destinations in Mt. Pamitinan

have a broader knowledge or an enlightenment about how significant sustainable developments

towards this sector.

market tourist attractions, particularly in less developed areas.

FT-CRD-113-00 | STI College Cubao 5

understanding the importance of sustainable tourism development in developing tourist