12A ''Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures'
12A ''Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures'
12A ''Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures'
Metallic Bonding
&
Giant Metallic
Structures
1
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
2
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Contents
CONTENTS 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 4
DELOCALISED ELECTRONS 6
ALLOYS 12
EXTRA NOTES 27
3
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Learning Objectives
4
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
5
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Delocalised Electrons
7
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
8
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
9
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
10
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
11
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Alloys
12
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
13
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Be 2+ since it has the fewest energy levels and the greatest nuclear charge.
14
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
15
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
16
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
17
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
C. Delocalized atoms
B. Negatively charged metal ions are attracted to positively charged metal ions.
4. Which particles are responsible for the conduction of electricity in molten aluminium?
A. Cations
B. Anions
C. Electrons C
D. Protons
(Total 1 mark)
18
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
6. Which substance is made up of a lattice of positive ions and free moving electrons?
A. Graphite
B. Sodium chloride
C. Sulfur
D. Sodium D
(Total 1 mark)
A. Anions
B. Cations
C. Electrons C
D. Protons
(Total 1 mark)
19
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
20
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
1. State two physical properties associated with metals and explain them at the atomic level.
2. The elements sodium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur are in period 3 of the periodic
table.
Describe the metallic bonding present in aluminium and explain why aluminium has a higher
melting point than sodium.
Metal atoms' outer energy levels (the s and p orbitals) overlap. A
metallic bond involves at least one valence electron that is not shared
..............................................................................................................................................
with a neighboring atom or lost to create an ion. Instead, the electrons
form a "electron sea," in which valence electrons can freely migrate
..............................................................................................................................................
from one atom to the next.
..............................................................................................................................................
There are more electrons holding the lattice together and it takes more
energy to break the lattice.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(3)
21
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Explain why aluminum is more suitable than iron in aircraft manufacture.
It's less dense, and therefore less heavy, which makes it better for
....................................................................................................................................
planes. It also is less reacitve so it could be used for longer period
of time before needing to be replaced.
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
4. Explain why:
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) sodium oxide has a higher melting point than sulfur trioxide.
The bonds between sodium and oxygen are stronger and more
......................................................................................................................................
stable, meaning that more energy is needed to break the bonds.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
22
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
5. Describe the bonding in iron and explain the electrical conductivity and malleability of the
metal.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
(4)
(b) Explain how alloying can modify the structure and properties of metals.
Since the alloy contains non-metals that don't have free electrons,
......................................................................................................................................
the resulting alloy is stronger and less maleable.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
......................................................................................................................................
Tempered steel is steel that has been heated to temperatures below its melting point (about 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit)
then chilled to improve its physical qualities. It is used to improve steel's strength, hardness, and roughness. Steel's
physical properties alter as it is heated and cooled.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
23
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
24
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
25
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
26
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
Extra Notes
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
27
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
28
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
29
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
30
AISB Metallic Bonding & Giant Metallic Structures IB Chemistry
31