Therapeutic Modalities Midterm To Finals
Therapeutic Modalities Midterm To Finals
Therapeutic Modalities Midterm To Finals
Lamut, Ifugao
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
IN
THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
BY:
HYRIZEL P. BAHNI
Furthermore, this course also includes the topic on Standard treatment and rehabilitation
of prisoners/inmate and the PDLs Admission Process and Procedures in the different
confinement facilities and the treatment Programs of the convicted persons placed under the
community-based program and the developmental Aspects of Therapeutic Modalities with
Human rights.
Grading System
Learning outcomes:
CHAPTER 1
Lesson 1: Review on the relevant topic on non- institutional correction and intuitional
correction
A. POWERS:
B. FUNCTIONS:
1. Formulate policies and guidelines on the administration of all districs.
City and municipal jails nationwide.
2. Formulate and implement policies for the programs of Corrections,
rehabilitation and treatment of offenders;
3. Plan the program funds for the subsistence allowance of offenders.
4. Conduct researches, develop and implement plans and programs for
the improvement of jails services throughout the country.
Institutional Corrections
Advantages Disadvantages
1.Deterent 1. It will create stigma to the offender
2. Separating criminals from society 2. Cost of tax
3.Prisoners has the to become 3. Effects on family
effective
3.The convict will not be expose on the 3. Offenders can evade his rehabilitation
hardened criminal
Treatment Punishment
1. Non-institutional corrections 1.Institutional corrections
2. a care provided to improve a situation 2.Something, such as loss, pain, or
confinement, imposed for wrongdoing
(a) Men and women shall so far as possible be detained in separate institutions; in an
institution which receives both men and women, the whole of the premises allocated to
women shall be entirely separate;
(b) Untried prisoners shall be kept separate from convicted prisoners;
(c) Persons imprisoned for debt and other civil prisoners shall be kept separate from persons
imprisoned by reason of a criminal offence; (d) Young prisoners shall be kept separate
from adults.
➢ Discipline and order shall be maintained with no more restriction than is necessary to
ensure safe custody, the secure operation of the prison and a well-ordered community
life.
➢ The following shall always be subject to authorization by law or by the regulation of the
competent administrative authority:
1. This rule shall not, however, impede the proper functioning of systems based on
self-government, under which specified social, educational or sports activities or
responsibilities are entrusted, under supervision, to prisoners who are formed into
groups for the purposes of treatment.
➢ Any allegation of a disciplinary offence by a prisoner shall be reported promptly to the
competent authority, which shall investigate it without undue delay.
➢ For the purpose of these rules, solitary confinement shall refer to the confinement of
prisoners for 22 hours or more a day without meaningful human contact. Prolonged
solitary confinement shall refer to solitary confinement for a time period in excess of 15
consecutive days.
1. Solitary confinement shall be used only in exceptional cases as a last resort, for
as short a time as possible and subject to independent review, and only pursuant to the
authorization by a competent authority. It shall not be imposed by virtue of a prisoner’s
sentence.
2. The imposition of solitary confinement should be prohibited in the case of
prisoners with mental or physical disabilities when their conditions would be exacerbated
by such measures. The prohibition of the use of solitary confinement and similar
measures in cases involving women and children, as referred to in other United Nations
standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice,1 continues to apply.
➢ Health-care personnel shall not have any role in the imposition of disciplinary sanctions
or other restrictive measures. They shall, however, pay particular attention to the health
of prisoners held under any form of involuntary separation, including by visiting such
prisoners on a daily basis and providing prompt medical assistance and treatment at the
request of such prisoners or prison staff.
1. Health-care personnel shall report to the prison director, without delay, any
adverse effect of disciplinary sanctions or other restrictive measures on the physical or
mental health of a prisoner subjected to such sanctions or measures and shall advise the
director if they consider it necessary to terminate or alter them for physical or mental
health reasons.
➢ In women’s prisons, there shall be special accommodation for all necessary prenatal and
postnatal care and treatment. Arrangements shall be made wherever practicable for
children to be born in a hospital outside the prison. If a child is born in prison, this fact
shall not be mentioned in the birth certificate.
1. A decision to allow a child to stay with his or her parent in prison shall be based on
the best interests of the child concerned. Where children are allowed to remain in
prison with a parent, provision shall be made for:
(a) Identifying health-care needs and taking all necessary measures for treatment;
(b) Identifying any ill-treatment that arriving prisoners may have been subjected to prior to
admission;
(c) Identifying any signs of psychological or other stress brought on by the fact of
imprisonment, including, but not limited to, the risk of suicide or self-harm and withdrawal
symptoms resulting from the use of drugs, medication or alcohol; and undertaking all
appropriate individualized measures or treatment;
(d) In cases where prisoners are suspected of having contagious diseases, providing for the
clinical isolation and adequate treatment of those prisoners during the infectious period;
(e) Determining the fitness of prisoners to work, to exercise and to participate in other
activities, as appropriate.
➢ The physician or, where applicable, other qualified health-care professionals shall have
daily access to all sick prisoners, all prisoners who complain of physical or mental health
issues or injury and any prisoner to whom their attention is specially directed. All medical
examinations shall be undertaken in full confidentiality.
1. The relationship between the physician or other health-care professionals and the
prisoners shall be governed by the same ethical and professional standards as those
applicable to patients in the community, in particular:
(a) The duty of protecting prisoners’ physical and mental health and the prevention and
treatment of disease on the basis of clinical grounds only;
(b) Adherence to prisoners’ autonomy with regard to their own health and informed consent in
the doctor-patient relationship;
(c) The confidentiality of medical information, unless maintaining such confidentiality would
result in a real and imminent threat to the patient or to others;
(d) An absolute prohibition on engaging, actively or passively, in acts that may constitute
torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including medical or
scientific experimentation that may be detrimental to a prisoner’s health, such as the
removal of a prisoner’s cells, body tissues or organs.
3. Without prejudice to paragraph 1 (d) of this rule, prisoners may be allowed, upon their
free and informed consent and in accordance with applicable law, to participate in clinical
trials and other health research accessible in the community if these are expected to
produce a direct and significant benefit to their health, and to donate cells, body tissues
or organs to a relative.
1. The physician or competent public health body shall regularly inspect and advise the prison
director on:
(a) The quantity, quality, preparation and service of food;
(b) The hygiene and cleanliness of the institution and the prisoners;
(c) The sanitation, temperature, lighting and ventilation of the prison;
(d) The suitability and cleanliness of the prisoners’ clothing and bedding;
(e) The observance of the rules concerning physical education and sports, in cases where
there are no technical personnel in charge of these activities.
RDC DRDC
Complaint/Information
Certification of Detention,
Learning outcomes:
CHAPTER 2
The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
provides that “so far as possible, separate institutions or separate sections of an institution
shall be used for the treatment of the different classes of prisoners”. The BJMP has adhered
to this principle since its creation. However, the rise in criminality in recent years, coupled
with the passage of more stringent laws (especially for drug-related offenses) and the
adoption of better crime solution methods resulted in a marked increase in inmate
population in BJMP detention centers. The lack of funds to expand existing jails or to build
new ones aggravates the situation. This rule, therefore, provides guidance to wardens and
jail officers treating unusual inmates or those with special needs, given the limited
resources.
BASIC POLICY - As a general rule, inmates with special needs should not be held in
jails with other “regular” inmates. For example, female inmates should be confined in
institutions separate from those used for males, and male youth offenders should not be
mixed with adult offenders. However, given the reality relative to budget constraints,
increasing inmate population, insufficient facilities and inadequately equipped detention
homes, wardens and jail officers shall endeavor to provide the best arrangement they can
make for such inmates, in keeping with this rule. It is assumed that the inmates have been
properly evaluated and classified for this purpose.
HANDLING INMATES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS - The following guidelines shall be observed in
handling inmates with special needs:
2. DRUG USERS/DEPENDENTS/ALCOHOLICS
a. Inmates found to be drug users/dependents/alcoholics should be segregated from
other inmates, especially during the withdrawal period;
b. Inmates undergoing drug/alcohol withdrawal must be referred to the jail psychiatrist,
physician or nurse for evaluation and management;
c. Appropriate measures should be taken to enable inmates to follow strictly the jail
physician’s advice regarding diet and other medical interventions/treatments during the
withdrawal period;
d. Maintain close supervision over inmates to prevent attempts to commit suicide or
selfmutilation by designating a jail personnel trained to manage such cases; and
e. Conducts a regular search of the inmate’s dorm and maintain constant alertness to
prevent the smuggling of narcotics, liquors and other dangerous drugs.
3. MENTALLY-ILL
a. Inmates manifesting signs and symptoms of mental illness must be referred to
the jail psychiatrist for evaluation and treatment;
b. Disturbed inmates (mentally-ill inmates) should be transferred to mental
institutions for proper psychiatric treatment upon the issuance of a court order;
c. Close supervision and medical management of mentally-ill inmates should be
maintained by a jail medical personnel;
d. Place the mentally-ill inmates in separate dorms or in a special restraint room
provided for violent cases; and e. Maintain close supervision over inmates to guard
against suicidal attempts or violent attacks on others.
4. LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER (LGBT)
a. Segregate LGBTs to prevent their maltreatment and abuse by other inmates and to
5. SEX OFFENDERS
a. Inmates charged with sexually-related crimes should be segregated to prevent them
from taking advantage of other inmates; and
b. Maintain close supervision and control. using other inmates.
6. SUICIDAL INMATES
a. Inmates manifesting signs and symptoms of depression/suicidal tendency must be
referred to the jail psychiatrist for evaluation and management;
b. Inmate who attempts to commit or has attempted to commit suicide must be
transferred to a government psychiatric hospital immediately upon issuance of court
order;
c. Maintain close supervision over suicidal inmates at all times and designate personnel
trained to handle such cases; and
d. Subject them to frequent strip/frisk searches, and greyhound operation for
tools/materials that can be used for suicide.
7. SEX DEVIATES
a. Homosexuals should be segregated immediately to prevent them from
influencing other inmates or being maltreated or abused by other inmates; and
b. Likewise, other sex deviates should be separated from other inmates for closer
supervision and control.
8. ESCAPE-PRONE INMATES
a. Escape-prone inmates should be held in the most secure quarters, preferably in
singleinmate cells, to minimize their contact with one another;
b. Their conduct/behavior should be closely watched/observed during and after visiting
hours and their activities, closely monitored;
c. They should be frequently strip searched and their quarters frequently inspected;
d. Special attention should be given to the examination of items recovered from strip
searches; and
e. Telephone calls must be restricted and only calls that can be monitored through an
extension line shall be allowed.
9. INMATES WITH DISABILITY
a. Inmates with disability should be segregated and closely supervised to protect them
from maltreatment and any form of abuse by other inmates, personnel and visitors;
b. Individual case management and special activities should be developed and
conducted to address distinct of the inmates;
c. Collaboration with other government agencies should be done to ensure that disabled
inmates are provided with the services and benefits contemplated under the Magna
Carta for disabled persons; and
d. Tasks related to self-care of inmates with disability shall be supervised and assisted to
avoid potential self-harm or accidents.
PHASES OF TREATMENT
He is then assigned a static group and a big brother who will provide him with support
and will walk him through the orientation phase. At this phase, the resident is handled
gently and is expected to commit mistakes in the process of learning the program.
Sanctions on negative behavior are usually light with emphasis on teaching.
After proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms and rules of
the community and the staff members, the resident is now ready to undergo the
treatment proper. He becomes a part of the community starting as a crew member of
the Housekeeping department until he gradually ascends in the hierarchy. He must be
knowledgeable on the following:
• Proper use of the different tools to address personal issues and concerns and
shape behavior
• Managing own feelings and learning how to express self appropriately
• Learning how to follow the rules and norms of the community
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
➢ The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic Community Modality
Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and mechanics of the various
shaping tools to include Morning Meeting in order to facilitate the management of
and shape the behavior of the residents. This shows the essential elements and
significance of the tools which would provide the community common language,
increase cohesiveness and adapt to the moral and behavioral code of the tools
application. The behavior shaping tools are ordered in hierarchy to provide
enough room for personal growth and learning. The community serves as a
dynamic force that motivates the individual to achieve positive behavior change.
Haircut
Dealt With
Pull-Up
Talk To
Indicators:
1.) Residents will understand the different Behavior Shaping Tools and practice
them as part of their daily living.
2.) Residents will utilize the different behavior shaping tools in promoting change
within themselves and others.
3.) Residents will display improvement in demeanor, communication and social
skills.
4.) Residents will understand the relevance of the different tools in the attainment of
behavioral change.
1. TOOLS
2. Pre-Morning Meeting
3. Morning Meeting
4. Talk To
5. Pull Up
6. Dealt With
Women’s Group
Men’s Group
Anger Management
Spirituality in TC
➢ Spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in a
man. Spirituality in TCMP is designed to respond to the inner longing of residents
to find greater faith where they can anchor themselves within their struggle to find
meaning to their existence. It summarizes a man’s relationship with himself,
others and the Supreme Being. The spiritual component provides the residents
with activities that would help them explore the meaning and purpose of their
existence and their particular place in the world.
Intellectual Component
➢ The intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human
characteristics of yearning for knowledge in order to attain a higher level of
understanding.
➢ A well-structured and well-implemented Intellectual Component is a factor in
establishing a Therapeutic Community for the residents. It helps the residents
restore their self-esteem as their minds become open to ideas and their intellect
does not cease to feed on a free and open interchange of opinions.
➢ Providing worthwhile opportunities for learning/ education will facilitate regaining
their human quality and self-respect thereby making self-realization - that being
law-abiding and productive, both during their stay in the facility and their eventual
release in the society’s mainstream is the real essence and measure of
development.
SPIRITUAL COMPONENT
• TC Philosophy
• TC Unwritten Philosophies
• Theme/Concept of the Day
• Meditation
• Religious Activities
Objectives:
Procedure:
1. Select a topic related to expertise of the speaker/lecturer beneficial to the
residents.
2. Schedule the activity.
3. Preparation Phase
4. Seminar Proper
Learning outcomes:
CHAPTER 3
RIGHTS AND PRIVELEDGES OF INMATES
Classes of Rights