Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3 Module 1 (Week 1) Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3 Module 1 (Week 1) Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Statistics and Probability: Quarter 3 Module 1 (Week 1) Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that No copyright shall subsist in any
work of Government of the Philippines. However prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.
Barrowed materials (i.e.., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publishers and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.
Content Editors:
ROY C. GENARES – Principal I, Sirao Integrated School
VIVIAN G. INOCANDO - School Head, Bonbon National HS
Language Editors:
MARIA FE S. MACUL – MT II/School Head, Buhisan Night HS
JESUSSIMA B. JUMALON – Principal I, Punta Princessa Night HS
Reviewer:
MARITES V. PATINO EdD – EPSvr, Mathematics
Management Team:
RHEA MAR A. ANGTUD EdD – School Division Superintendent
BERNADETTE A. SUSVLLA EdD – Asst. School Division Superintendent
GRECIA F. BATALUNA – Chief EPS, CID
MARITES V. PATINO EdD – EPSvr, Mathematics
VANESSA L. HARAYO – EPSvr, LRMS
ii
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
iii
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Statistics and Probability on Random Variable and Probability
Distribution.
This module was designed to provide you with opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
content of the learning resources while being an active learner.
iv
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the task and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the task in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it.
This module was designed and written with you, students, in mind. It is here to help
you understand the random variable and probability distribution.The language used
to recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the Most Essential Lerning Competencies (MELC’S) released by the
Department of Education(DepEd) for this school year 2020 – 2021.
v
What I Know (Pre Test)
C
Instruction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
2. If two coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random variable
for the number of heads?
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3
3. Which formula gives the probability distribution shown by the table?
X 0 1 3
P(X) 1 1 1
2 3 6
1 6
A. P(X) = C. P(X) =
𝑋 𝑋
𝑥 1
B. P(X) = D. P(X) =
6 6
𝑋
5. If P(X) = , what are the possible values of x for it be a probability
6
distribution?
A. 0,2,3 C. 2,3,4
B. 1,2,3 D. 1,1,2
6
7. A function that associates a real number to each element in the sample space
is called _______.
A. continuous C. random variable
B. discrete D. constant and variable
9. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be
equal to____.
A. 1 C. -1
B. 0 D. -2
X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1 3 3 1
8
8 8 8
7
Lesson
Discrete and Continuous Random Variable
1
W What’s In
To find out if you are ready to learn this new lesson, do the following
activity.
What’s New
D
A random variable is a function that associate a real number to each element in the
sample space. It is a variable whose values are determined by chance (Belecina et al.,
2016).
Classification of variables according to continuity of values
a. Discrete variables : These are variables that cannot take the form of
decimals.
b. Continuous variables: These are variables that can take the form of
decimals (Batacan et al., 2006).
8
What Is It
What’s More
9
Lesson Finding of Possible Values of a Random
2 Variable
What’s In
Instructions: Complete the table below by writing sample space of each experiment.
Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.
What’s New
• Recall that a variable is a characteristic that can assume different values.
We use capital letters to or represent a variable. In this lesson, we shall discuss
variables that are associated with probabilities, called random variables (Belecina
et al., 2016).
10
What is It
St
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacements from a basket, contains 4
yellow balls and 6 blue balls. Let X be the random variable representing the number of
blue balls, Find the values of the random variable X.
Solution:
A. Sample space/Number of possible outcomes 22 = 4. There are 4 possible
outcomes in drawing of balls from an urn.
What’s More
Ac
11
What I Need to Remember?
W What’s In
Instructions: Find the probability of the following events. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.
12
What’s New
What is It
A
Discrete probability distribution or a probability mass function consists of the values a
random variable can assume and corresponding probabilities of the value (Belecina et
al., 2016)
Properties of a Probability Distribution (Belecina et al., 2016)
1. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or equal to 0
and 1.
2. The sum of the probability of all values of the random variable must be equal to 1.
Solution:
A.
Possible Outcomes Values of the Random Variable Z
(number of red balls}
RR 2
RB 1
BR 1
BB 0
B.
13
What’s More
Instructions: Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing
the number of heads that occur. Construct the probability distribution. Complete the
table below:
14
What I Can Do
The daily demand for copies of comics at a variety store has the probability distribution
as follows. Answer the questions below the table in separate sheet of paper.
2. What is the probability that at least three but not more than five will be
demanded in a day?
15
Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
2. If three coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random variable
for the number of heads?
A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
𝑋
5. If P(X) = , what are the possible values of x for it to be a probability
4
distribution?
A. 0,2,3 C. 2,3,4
B. 1,2,3 D. 1,1,2
16
7. A function that associates a real number to each element in the sample space
is called _______.
A. continuous C. random variable
B. discrete D. constant and variable
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4
17
References
Belecina,R.R., Baccay, E.S. and Mateo, E.B., Statistics and Probability:1st ed.
Sampaloc Manila: Rex Book Store Inc., 2016, pp 2-13.
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
20