Name: Jerome C.

Mosada

Types of Chemical Reaction

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 5

Introduction

A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical

substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called
reactants. The substances formed are the products.

In every chemical reaction, there is what we so called chemical equation. Considering the
chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) forming
sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). HCl and NaOH are the starting materials known as the
reactants and NaCl and H2O are the resulting materials known as products.

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Chemical reactions are characterized by chemical change, and they yield one or more
products which are, in general, different from the reactants. Classically, chemical reactions en
compass changes that strictly involve the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of
chemical bonds. There are four basic types of chemical reactions: 1) Synthesis or combination,
2) Decomposition, 3) Single Displacement or substitution and 4) Methathesis or Double
Decomposition.

Objectives:

1. To identify the reactants and products at a given reaction

2. To write and balance the chemical equation
3. To classify the type of chemical reaction
4. Identify the factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction

Materials:

Magnesium ribbon Litmus paper

Copper Sulfate pentahydrate Lead nitrate
Sugar Barium chloride
Ammonium chloride Mercuric dioxide
Zinc granule Calcium carbide
Hydrogen peroxide Zinc metal
Copper (II) sulfate Potassium chromate
Charcoal Copper wire
Staple wire Potassium dichromate
Hydrochloric acid Sulfur
Phenolphthalein indicator Sulfuric acid
 Sodium hydroxide Sodium thiosulfate
1 M HCl Copper (II) oxide
NaCl Powdered chalk
Manganese dioxide Mercuric chloride

Procedure
A. Types of Chemical Reaction
Procedure Observation Type of Why? Chemical Equation
Chemical
Reaction
1.Ignite Magnesium oxide changes the colour Combination Mg(s) + 2
magnesium of red litmus paper to blue. This Two or more
HCl(aq) -->
ribbon and drop reaction shows reactants form MgCl 2(aq) +
to 5 ml of that magnesium oxide is basic in
one product. H 2(g)
water. Place red nature. The formation
and blue litmus of magnesium oxide is a direct
paper. combination reaction of two
elements: magnesium and oxygen.

2.Heat a pinch Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate takes Single Active Elements CuSO4•5H2O
of copper the form of blue crystals. Upon Displacement + → CuSO4 + 5 H2O
sulphate heating, it loses its water of Less active
pentahydrate crystallisation and decomposes into a elements
white powder, which is anhydrous
copper(II) sulfate.

3. Place a half The magnesium reacts with the acid, Single Active Elements  Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq)
inch producing visible bubbles of Displacement + --> MgCl 2(aq) +
magnesium hydrogen gas. Magnesium ribbon is Less active H 2(g) 
ribbon in a 2ml a flammable solid. Hydrochloric elements
diluted acid is a corrosive liquid.
hydrochloric
acid

4. To 20 ml of A white precipitate of lead chloride Double Two species Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl =

lead nitrate is formed when dilute hydrochloric Displacement (normally ions) PbCl2 + 2HNO3
solution add 5 acid is added to lead nitrate solution Reactions are displaced.
ml of diluted at room temperature.
hydrochloric
acid

5. In a 2 ml Cupric sulfate, CuSO4, commonly Double Two species CuSO4 · 5H2O

diluted cupric known as blue vitriol, is the most Displacement (normally ions)
sulphate important salt of copper. It usually Reactions are displaced.
solution add 3 crystallizes as CuSO4 · 5H2O and has
pieces of staple a bright blue colour. It is prepared by
wire the treatment of copper oxides with
sulfuric acid.

6. Ignite a piece When carbon dioxide reacts Combination C + H2O

of charcoal and with water a weak acid is formed. Two or more
drop in 5 ml of Carbon dioxide present in exhaled reactants form
water. Place air is blown into a flask containing
two types of an indicator sensitive to small one product.
litmus paper. changes of pH in the appropriate
region of the pH scale, and the
consequent colour changes observed
and recorded. The equation for the
reaction between carbon dioxide and
water.
7. Burn sulphur When carbon dioxide reacts Combination C + H2O
in a flame and with water a weak acid is formed. Two or more
drop into 5 ml Carbon dioxide present in exhaled reactants form
of water. Place air is blown into a flask containing
two types of an indicator sensitive to small one product.
litmus paper to changes of pH in the appropriate
the mixture. region of the pH scale, and the
consequent colour changes observed
and recorded. The equation for the
reaction between carbon dioxide and
water 
8. Heat sugar Caramelization happens to Exothermic Exothermic C12H22O11
pure sugar when it is heated to 338 reactions  reactions release
degrees Fahrenheit (170 Degree heat,
Celsius). As sugar reaches this endothermic
temperature, it is broken down into reactions absorb
simpler sugars, which then dehydrate heat so, if you
and fragment into ketones and are burning
aldehydes. something, it is
obviously
exothermic.
Heat is required
to start the
combustion
process but,
once started, the
reaction is
exothermic.
9. Heat gram of Not combustible. Gives off irritating HgCl2
mercuric or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
chloride

10. Place a drop Hydrochloric acid reacts with Neutralization Acid HCl+NaOH→H2O+
of sodium hydroxide to Reaction + NaC
phenolphthalein form sodium chloride (the salt) and Base
indicator a 2 ml water.
of sodium
hydroxide
solution, then
add diluted
hydrochloric
acid drop by
drop. Evaporate

11. Place zinc When zinc reacts with hydrochloric Single Active Elements Zn + HCl → ZnCl2
metal in a test acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously Replacement + + H2
tube and add as hydrogen gas is produced. ... Zinc Less active
2ml of diluted reacting with hydrochloric elements
hydrochloric acid produces bubbles of hydrogen
acid solution. gas.

12. Mix 1 ml of Barium chloride is a salt of barium Double BaCl2 + H2SO4 →

barium chloride that react with sulphuric acid to form Displacement Two or more BaSO4 + 2HCl
solution to 2 ml barium sulphate and hydrochloric Reactions reactants form
of diluted acid. This is an example
sulphuric acid of precipitation reaction in which one product.
solution. barium sulphate forms as a white
precipitate and hydrochloric acid is
also formed.

13.To 1ml of Potassium dichromate react with Double K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 →

potassium sulfuric acid to produce chromium Displacement Two o Two or 2CrO3 + K2SO4 +
chromate add trioxide, potassium sulfate and water Reactions more reactants H2O
drop of 1 M
sulphuric acid. form one
Then add a product.
drop of 1 M
sodium
hydroxide more reactants

form one

product.

14. To 1 ml of When sodium hydroxide reacts with Double  H2SO4(aq) +

potassium sulfuric acid completely it leads to Displacement Two o Two or 2NaOH(aq) --->
dichromate add the formation of sodium sulfate and Reactions more reactants Na2SO4(aq) +
drop of sodium water as product. The reactants is 2H20(I)
hydroxide. base and a acid, which leads to form one
Then add drop neutralization process and yields a product.
of 1M sulphuric salt
acid more reactants

form one

product.

15. To 1 ml of Potassium Double Pb(NO3)2 + KI =

diluted lead (II) iodide and lead(II) nitrate are Displacement Two o Two or KNO3 + PbI2
nitrate add drop combined and undergo a double Reactions more reactants
of diluted replacement reaction. Potassium
potassium iodide reacts with lead(II) nitrate and form one
iodide. Then produces lead(II) iodide and potassiu product.
add drop of m nitrate. Potassium nitrate is water
diluted soluble. ... The lead ions more reactants
potassium and iodide ions will eventually meet
form one
nitrate to form a yellow precipitate.
product.

B. Factors affecting rate of Chemical Reaction

1. Effect of Concentration

1. Pipet 10 mL of 1 M HCl into a clean and dry 50-mL Erlenmeyer flask.

2. Drop a 1-cm Mg ribbon into the flask. The moment the Mg ribbon touches the liquid surface,
start timing.
3. Swirl the mixture and then record the time (in seconds) it takes for the Mg ribbon to dijsappear
completely.
4. Repeat the procedure from 1 to 3, but this time prepare the dilute HCl solution by mixing the
given volumes as indicated in the table below. Note: pour acid to water
5. Record all your observations in the table. Show the relationship of concentration with rate of
reaction in graph.

Trial Volume of 1M Volume of Total Time Mg ribbon

HCl (mL) Water (mL) Volume (mL) disappears
1 10 0 10 100 s
2 10 5 15 200 s
3 10 10 20 300 s
4 10 15 25 400 s
B. Effect of Particle Size
1. Prepare and label two (2) clean and dry 100-mL beaker.
2. Weigh about 1 g of chalk using a balance. Put it in beaker 1.
3. On a watch glass weigh the same amount of powdered chalk and pour this carefully into
beaker 2.
4. Pour 50-mL of 1 M HCl into beaker 1 and beaker 2 then start timing the moment the acid
touches the chalk. Stop timing when no more bubbles appear.
5. Record the time in seconds.

Beaker No. Volume of Water (mL) Time powdered chalk

disappears
1 30 10 seconds
2 50 20 seconds
C. Effect of Temperature
1. Cut out a piece of bond paper similar to the bottom size of the Erlenmeyer flask and draw a
large X at the middle.
2. Deliver 20 mL 0.1 Na2S2O3 M solution into a clean and dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Heat
the solution using the hotplate until its temperature is 30 oC and removes.
3. From a graduated cylinder, pour 5 mL of 1M HCl into the flask. Start timing.
4. Swirl the mixture and place over the X marked on the bond paper. Record the time the
moment the X disappears.
5. Repeat no. 1-4 following the data indicated in the table that follows. Plot rate vs. T

Flask No. Chemical System (Na2S2O3 : HCl) Temperature (0C) Time X Disappears
(s)
1 20 mL + 5 mL 30 100 seconds
2 20 mL + 5 mL 40 200 seconds
3 20 mL + 5 mL 50 300 seconds
4 20 mL + 5 mL 60 400 seconds
Note: Obtain the required temperature before you add the HCl.

D– Effect of Catalyst
1. Prepare and label four (4) test tubes.
2. Measure 10 mL of 10-volume hydrogen peroxide and transfer to the tube.
3. To the test tube, add carefully about 25 mg of CuO. Observe how quickly bubbles of oxygen
gas are released. Rate the oxygen gas production on a scale of 1-4 (1- fastest). Do the same
things to the other labelled test tubes, but instead of adding CuO refer to the table below for the
substance to be added.
4. Record all the observations.

Test Tube No. Substance to be Added Rate of Oxygen Gas Production

1 CuO 1
2 NaCl crystals 3
3 Powdered Chalk 4
4 MnO2 1

Conclusions:

1. The chemical equation needs to be balanced so that it follows the law of conservation of mass.
A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the
reactants side is equal to that of the products side. Balancing chemical equations is a process of
trial and error.

2. Balance equation is important because they relate the amounts of reactants used and products
formed and;

3. Balancing reactions in mind as fast as you read the questions is a very good habit it also helps
in solving various questions.

Applications:

1. What is activity series? What is the importance of this in conducting experiments using
displacement reactions?
All about Balancing Chemical Reaction, there are many ways of carrying out this series
of reactions. Displacement reactions involve a metal and a compound of a different metal. In a
displacement reaction:

 a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compounds
Displacement reactions are easily seen when a salt of the less reactive metal is in the solution.
During the reaction:

 the more reactive metal gradually disappears as it forms a solution

 the less reactive metal coats the surface of the more reactive metal
2. Based on the activity series, identify the different elements that can replace hydrogen? Why?
Magnesium ribbon, copper II sulfate, zinc metal, because they are active metals that can
be or replace hydrogen gas.

3. Write the chemical equation of the following and identify the type of chemical reaction.

a. Splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen

Decomposition, reactions are really the opposite of combination reactions. In decomposition
reactions, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (elements and/or
compounds).

b. Burning of hydrogen in the air

Combustion, occur when a compound, usually one containing carbon, combines with the oxygen
gas in the air. This process is commonly called burning. Heat is the most-useful product of most
combustion reactions.

2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(l)

c. Action of iron with copper sulfate solution

Redox Reactions, electrons are exchanged

Fe + CuSO₄ = FeSO₄ + Cu

d. Action of heat on calcium carbonate

Decomposition, reactions are really the opposite of combination reactions. In decomposition
reactions, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances (elements and/or
compounds).

CaCO3 (s) ---> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
e. Treating silver nitrate with hydrochloric acid

Neutralization reaction, the other type of double-displacement reaction is the reaction between
an acid and a base. This double-displacement reaction, called a neutralization reaction, forms
water.
AgNO3 + HCl = AgCl + HNO3