New Final Major Project Exam Report
New Final Major Project Exam Report
New Final Major Project Exam Report
SUBMITTED BY
GUIDED BY
Nutan Bansode
MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)
MAY, 2021
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APPLICATION OF ROBOTICS FOR ADVANCEMENT IN
Bachelor of Technology
in
BY
Pratik Parekh
Saif Sayyad
Vaibhav Devshatwar
Vishwajeet More
MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)
December, 2021
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CERTIFICATE
Date:
(STAMP/SEAL)
Name……………………………… Name………………………………
Affiliation………………………… Affiliation…………………………
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We want to express our gratitude towards our respected project guide Nutan Bansode for her
constant encouragement and valuable guidance during the completion of this project work. We
also want to express our gratitude towards respected School Dean Dr. Dipti Sakhre for her
continuous encouragement.
We would be failing in our duty if we do not thank all the other staff and faculty members for
their experienced advice and evergreen co-operation
Pratik Parekh
Saif Sayyad
Vaibhav Devshatwar
Vishwajeet More
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ABSTRACT
The Project aims on the design, development and the manufacture of the robot which can put the
seeds, burrow the soil, and plough the land and cutting the waste plants. These entire systems of
robot works with battery. In India almost about 70% of humans are relying on agriculture. So the
agronomics procedure in India ought to be progressed to reduce the efforts of farmers. Various
operations are performed in the agronomics acreage like seeding, weeding, waste plant cutting,
ploughing, etc. Exceptionally primary operations are seeding, ploughing and plant cutting. But
the present techniques of seeding, ploughing & plant cutting are problematic. The equipments
acclimated for seed dispersing are actually difficult and inappropriate to handle. So there is a
need of advance techniques and equipments which will reduce the man power. The mechanism
can be progressed for sowing seeds in farm with specific separation between seed is balanced. In
this paper robot administration is provided by utilizing Software programming. By utilizing that
proper administration is specified to the robot. The acreage is not the undeviating line and
smooth. If any obstacle is occurred like stone, electric light pole, trees, etc. The robot
automatically get stop.
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LIST OF FIGURES
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements 1
Abstract 5
List of Figures 6
1. Introduction 8
2. Literature Survey 11
3. System Design 14
4. Methodology 18
5. Conclusion 19
References 20
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1. INTRODUCTION:
Food is the man’s most basic requirement. Man has become the center part in food production,
where this has become the limiting factor. All through the ages men have struggled to produce
more and superior food for increasing population. The use of technology advancement is to
increase the productivity and the safety of an operator. Automation technology has been used
in every domain like construction, manufacturing and etc. But now it has been incorporated in
the field of agriculture.
The term agriculture is coined from two Latin words ager means field and culture means
cultivation. In agriculture most of the energy consuming work is done by the farmers. For
example, in the vegetable field, the farmers should lift the heavy bags of vegetables at the time
of harvest and during fertilizing time they carry the bags of fertilizers. These operations are
repetitive, energy consuming work for farmers. After the manual operators, then comes the
tractor-based operator such as the power units that are exposed to high noise and vibration,
which is very hazardous to health of the farmers.
The development of Agricultural Robots was started from the past 1980s and these agrobots
are mainly used for seeding, spraying and weeding process. The AGROBOT is built by using
sensors and some of the enabling technologies like wireless communication and GPS.
Kawamura and co-workers developed the apple-harvesting robot for harvesting apples. Many
of the robots are still in the stage of research and development. An efficient robot is one which
must have a high performance with the low cost price. Over the past, agriculture has advanced
from a labouring occupation to a highly technical business, using a wide variety of tools and
machines, but now the researchers are looking for robots to do the agricultural activities.
The initial stage of evolution, automatic vehicle guidance, has been studied for a great number
of years, with a number of revolutions investigated as early as the 1920s. The idea of
completely autonomous agricultural vehicles is far from newly discovered. Examples of initial
driverless tractor prototypes using leader cable guidance procedure date back to the 1950s and
1960s.In 1980s, the possibility for integrating computers with image sensors contributed
opportunities for machine vision based guidance systems. In mid-1980s researchers at Michigan
state university and Texas A&M University were exploring machine vision guidance. Further,
throughout that decade, a program for robotic harvesting of oranges was successfully
performed at the University of Florida.
In India during the decades of 1970s and 1980s there was a dramatic increase in productivity
which is credited to a sequence of steps that led to the accessibility of farm technologies
frequently described as green revolution? The vital sources of agricultural extension during this
span were the spread of modern crop varieties, intensification of input use and investments
leading to expansion in the irrigated area. In regions where green revolution technologies had
major influence, growth has now reduced. New methodologies are now essential to push out
yield frontiers, utilize inputs more productively and transform to more maintainable and higher
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value cropping patterns. In 1997, agricultural automation had become a vital subject along with
the advocacy of precision agriculture.
The automatic agricultural vehicles are categorized into four categories 1.
Guidance: To know how the vehicle navigates.
2. Detection: How the vehicle extracts the features of environmental field.
3. Action: How well the vehicle executes its task. Example radicchio harvesting.
4. Mapping: The construction of the map of agricultural field with its relevant features. The
main motivation for developing agricultural automation technology is reduced labor force, a
phenomenon common in the developed world. Other causes are the requirement for
upgraded food quality, security in terms of inspection of contaminants in food grains and
saving the wastage of resources and to save time from manual work and to improve
efficiency of the agricultural products and also to increase the productivity, accuracy and
enhanced operation safety.
1.1 Motivations
This idea arose from the problems faced by the farmers during Performing agricultural activities
like Ploughing, Cutting , Seeding, spraying insecticides, etc. which will affect the production,
even time consuming and also need labors and wages. In achieving Solution for this we took
help from various research papers. We came to conclusion to design and implement the
agriculture robot also called Agrobot. Agrobot is a robot designed for agricultural purposes. This
Bot performs basic elementary functions Ploughing, Cutting and Seeding to minimize the labor
work of farmers and additionally increasing speed and accuracy.
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1.3 Objectives
Semester 5: To Do Literature survey and Background Study of Agrobot and Design a basic model
on Simulation platform.
Semester 7: To connect the agrobot with the operator through Application featuring HC-05.
Semester 8: Changes in Product with help of Market analysis, Customer feedback, the need of
customer and competitor analysis.
1.4 Scope
The farmers who are young will make more investments in automation with much interest than
the elder farmers. The technology which is new has to be introduced slowly with time. Slowly
the agriculture sector is moving towards precision farming in which management will we done
on the basis of individual plant. Deep learning and other extend methods are used to detect the
plant or flower type; this will help farmers to provide favorable environment to the plant for
sustainable growth. Eventually the production of more customized fruits and plants will grow,
which leads to an increase in the diversity of products and production method. Artificial
intelligence techniques are growing at a rapid scale and it can be used to detect disease of
plants or any unwanted weed in the farm by using CNN, RNN or any other computational
network. Green house farming can provide a particular environment to the plants but it is not
possible without human intervention. Here, wireless technology and IOT comes in the run and
using the latest communication protocols and sensors we can implement weather monitoring
and control without human presence in the farm. Harvesting of fruits and crops can also be
incorporated by robots which are specialized in working round the clock for quick harvesting.
Application of robotics are vast in farming such as the robots can be used in seeding and
planting, fertilizing and irrigation, crop weeding and spraying, harvesting and shepherding. To
complete the same work in many cases, it would take approximately 25 to 30 workers. Thermal
Imaging can also be implemented by using drones and thermal camera in it. The drones
monitor the farm and gives continuous real time data of the field so that the farmers could
know in which area of the field the water quantity is less and can only start irrigation in that
particular area. This will prevent water flooding or scarcity of water in the field and the crops
get advent amount of water all the time. Many different integrated approaches can be used to
provide a viable environment and increased growth.
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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] “Smart farming using agri-bot” (K. Gowthami, K. Greeshma, N. Supraja,IJAER,2019) This
paper offers a system which performs the seeding process in the agricultural field. The main
idea behind this development is to perform agricultural tasks without human intervention
and to implement a prototype of an effective low cost agrobot. This project is based on a
wireless communication by making use of Arduino and Bluetooth.
[2] “Automatic weed detection and smart herbicide spray robot for corn fields”
(G. Sowmya, J. Srikanth, IJSETR, 2017)
This paper designs and develops a robot to detect weed in corn crop, by making use of image
processing. The advantages of this project is time saving as it detects the beets with the help of
a camera and the herbicides are sprayed on the infected crop, saves the farmers from tedious
work.
[5] “Image processing-based intelligent robotic system for assistance of agricultural crops”
(Nikhil Paliwal, Pankhuri Vanjani, Jing-Wei Liu, Sandeep Saini and Abhishek Sharma, IJSHC,
2019) this paper determines a prototype model of image processing based IOT robot which
helps in identification of the leaf infection. This consists of UGV and UAV usage which helps in
detecting the disease, soil data connection and in the classification of the field to provide
solutions for mixed cropping. The main purpose of this paper is to help farmers with early
detection of disease.
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[6] “Agricultural Automation System with Field Assisting Robot-Agrobot” (C. Jeeva, Saher
Mairaj, Archit keshav Gangal and Farheen, IJPAM,2018)
[7] “IOT Enabled pesticide Sprayer with security system by using solar energy”
(Amaresh.A.M. Anagha G Rao, Fennaz Afreen, Moditha, IJERT,2020 )
This system consists of Arduino UNO which acts as the hearth of the system. This system
consists of a camera, to detect the obstacles falling in its path which will help in taking the
required actions and it proposes three main functions: Ploughing seed dispensing and
harvesting. The main idea behind this is to design a multitasking robot which in turn reduces
the working hours, cuts down on labor expenses and helps in the correct way of seeding.
[8] “Design and Implementation of Agrobot with Automatic Sun Tracking” (V. Radhika, B.
Sharmila, R. Ramya, M. Gopisri , IJEAT,2019)
This proposed Agribot consists of Arduino, solar panel, GSM module and sensors. Solar panels
are used to charge the robot. The ultrasonic sensors detect the hurdles and also help in digging
of holes for sowing seeds at a predefined distance. PH sensors help in the computation of the
moisture content in the soil. Electrochemical sensor helps in identifying the fertility of soil and
the optical sensor helps in the movement of the robot. The main aim behind this system is to
reduce farmers burden and help obtain good amount of yields.
[9] “AGROBOT: Sowing and Irrigating Farming Machine” (Shubham Khandelwal, Neha Kaushik,
Sagar Sharma, IJAR,2017)
This structure has a vehicle operated ATMEGA328 microcontroller which acts as the master
operator. It performs four functions such as ploughing, seeding and harvesting of crops and
irrigation. Solar panels are made used in order to recharge the batteries. The robot moves
automatically if the length and the width of the field is provided. The aim of this system is to
help farmers with good yield of crops and to minimize the usage of non-renewable sources.
[10] “AGROBOT: Sowing and Irrigating Farming Machine” (Ponnu Priya Saju, Anila P.V,
IJREAM,2019)
This system is controlled by ARM CORTEX M3 based microcontroller. FC-28 is used for soil
moisture detection. LPC1769 microcontroller controls the seed sowing and irrigation operation.
Relay is used to carry out the watering operation, the microcontroller sends in a high signal
when the moisture level is low and the relay is turned on. This prototype is built using
aluminum square tubes and foam board in order to reduce the weight. The main aim behind
this system is to help farmers with precision farming.
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[11] “IoT Based Precision Agriculture Using Agribot”
(Mr.V.Gowrishankar, Dr.K.Venkatachalam, GRDJE, 2018)
The paper provides information about the demonstration and working of Agribot controlled by
IoT. This robot carries out varied functions such as ploughing, seeding and spraying of
pesticides. Servo motor and solenoid valves are implemented in order to the mechanism of
seeding and spraying of pesticides. The motto of this project was to aid the farmers with a good
yield of crops and to avoid direct contact with chemical pesticides.
This paper brings froth the information about the implementation of agricultural robot through
an android application. This robot is used for spraying of pesticides with the help of solar
powered pumping system. The movement of the robot betwixt the crops is monitored by the
farmer with the help of android application. If there's an invader in the field then the robot
captures the image of the invader and sends it to the farmer. This robot can be used to during
the COVID sanitization for spraying of sanitizer. the main agenda of this project is to build a
nominal equipment which can be afforded by farmers, in order to increase the yield of the
crops and reduce contact with the chemical pesticides.
[12] “Solar Powered Agribot for Farm Monitoring using Internet of Things (IOT)”
(Sivaprasad Athikkal, Ambarish Pradhan, Abhilash Gade, A. Mahidhar Reddy, IJEET, 2020) This
proposed Agribot consists of IR, moisture and temperature sensors. In order to make use of
the naturally available sunlight they have used solar panels. The sensors check the
temperature of the soil and irrigate the land depending on the temperature and then feed
the data to the cloud. This robot will change the path if an obstacle occurs. The main
intention behind this project is to build an economical robot to help the farmers and to make
use of the available natural resources.
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3. SYSTEM DESIGN
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.
The above Diagram Represent the basic mechanical drawing which consist of a funnel
forseeding, a chemical spraying for spraying insecticides, chemical, pesticides, water, etc.
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3.4 Sequence Diagram
The above diagram takes the Wireless Bluetooth technology as referent to integrate the
Android with the agrobot. A agrobot consists a unit with sensors, a processing unit, a wireless
communications module and a unit of actuators which is normally composed by the control
and motors units. Each node evaluates the environment through the sensors and the
information sent through the wireless communication module, being analyzed by the
processing unit, performing and the planning simultaneously without the need of waiting
response from a human through android , reducing the energy consumption when performing
the communication from node to node based on the RSSI among them.
3. 5 Hardware and Software Requirement
1. Arduino Uno
• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended): 5-13V
• Output Voltage (limits): 7-21V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (out of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6;
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• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA;
• Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328) out of which 0.5 KB is used by bootloader.
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
3. DC Motor Mainly four DC motors are used. Two of them are attached to wheels to provide
movement of the robot.
The specification of this motor is:
• 12 Volt
• 30 rpm
Another two motors have following specifications:
• 3 Volt
• 4280 rpm one of this type of motor is attached to the seed dispenser. Another
motor is attached to the harvester at the front of the robot.
2. LCD Display (16 x 2 it displays the functions and modes that the user want to apply.
3. Battery (12 volts) Batteries are used to give supply to Arduino circuitry and radio
receiver circuitry.
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4. METHODOLOGY
The above Figure, explains the flowchart of ploughing, seeding and Grass cutting. The first step
here is initialization of microcontroller. After initializing the microcontroller, initialize the LCD
and UART protocol. Then check for commands from user continuously through HC-05
Bluetooth. The user selects the operations like Ploughing, Seeding and Grass cutting, then HC-
05 Bluetooth receives command from master then command is sent to HC-05 Bluetooth, which
processes the input and performs the operation until the next command is selected.
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5. CONCLUSION
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6. REFERENCES
1. K. Gowthami, K. Greeshma, N. Supraja, “Smart farming using agribot” , International
Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973- 4562 Volume 14, Number 6, 2019.
2. G.Sowmya, J.Srikanth, “Automatic weed detection and smart herbicide spray robot for
corn fields “,International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR) Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2017.
4. Muhammad Ayaz, Mohammad Ammad-uddin, Zubair Sharif, Ali Mansour, and el-Hadi
M. Aggoune “ IoT Based Smart Agriculture towards making the fields talk”, 2019 IEEE.
5. C. Jeeva, Saher Mairaj, Archit keshav Gangal and Farheen “Agricultural Automation
System with Field Assisting Robot-AgroBot”, International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics Volume 118 No. 20 2018.
8. Ponnu Priya Saju, Anila P.V, “AGROBOT: Sowing and Irrigating Farming Machine”,
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-05, Issue03, June 2019.
10. Amaresh A M , Anagha G Rao , Fenaaz Afreen , Moditha N , Syeda Arshiya, “IOT
Enabled
Pesticide Sprayer with Security System by using Solar Energy”, International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT),2020.
11. Sivaprasad Athikkal, Ambarish Pradhan, Abhilash Gade, A. Mahidhar Reddy, “Solar
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Powered Agribot for farm monitoring Internet of things(IOT)”, International Journal of
Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET) Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2020.
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