TSS SP/SSP

TESTING OF EQUIPMENT AT TRACTION SUBSTATION

S.No. Equipment Instruments Values/Limits Purpose/Remark
1. Transformer
1.1 Winding Resistance Winding Resistance Meter Compare the value with factory test values. To know the variation in resistance of Transformer
Deviation in absolute value shall be less than winding resistance, so that condition of windings &
+/- 5% of factory set value. variation of copper losses can be found out.
1.2 Winding Insulation Winding insulation Insulation Values at the Polarization Index To know the condition of winding insulation
Resistance resistance meter time of commissioning (PI Values) resistance.
(Megger 5KV/2.5KV) at 30ºC 1.0 Dangerous
HV-E > 2000 MΩ 1.10 Poor
LV-E > 400 MΩ 1.1-1.25 Questionable
HV-LV > 2500 MΩ 1.25-2.00 Satisfactory
>2.00 Good
1.3 Winding and oil Temperature Display at winding & oil WTI : OTI : To know the inside condition temperature of
measurement. temp indication meter with Operating : 50ºC Operating : 40ºC transformer oil & windings
transformer Alarm : 85C Alarm : 75ºC
Trip : 95ºC Trip : 85ºC
1.4 Capacitance and Tan Delta Capacitance & Tan Delta Tan Delta Values = <0.007 To know the quality & health of insulating system
tests the health of insulation. and manufacturing process defects like
contamination, fracture or puncture.
1.5 Transformer Turn Ratio & Transformer turn ratio Comparison with factory test results/data Microprocessor based Turn ratio meter is used for
Phase Angle Deviation meter automatic measurement of voltage / turn ratio,
current and phase displacement of power
transformers, CTs and PTs.
1.6 Voltage Ratio Test Voltage Ratio Test By apply 220 voltages on Primary and measure Actual winding connections can be checked.
instrument the voltage on secondary on each tap
individually as per factory setting.
1.7 Oil break down voltage) Automatic oil BDV tester > 50 KV Automatic oil BDV tester is used for determining
(BDV measurement the dielectric strength of insulating oils.
2. Circuit Breaker/Interrupter
2.1 Time interval measurement Time Interval Meter Closing Time 75±15 ms Time interval meter measures and indicates close,
Opening Time 45±15 ms open and C-O time of circuit breakers and interrupters
2.2 Insulation Resistance of Pole : Megger 5KV/2.5KV > 2000 Ohms (SF6) To know the health of Pole
> 5000 Ohm (Vacuum)
2.3 Gas Pressure at 35°C Pressure Gauge 6.5 Kg/Sq Cm For the Healthiness of CB
2.4 Resistance of Tripping & Milti-meter 6.3 to 7.7 ohms & 9 to 11.5 ohms (25 kv) & To know the performance of Tripping & closing coils
closing coils (25±10%) Ω for 132 kv SF6
3. Current Transformer (CT)
3.1 Insulation Resistance Megger 5KV/2.5KV CT 132 KV /220KV : 25 KV CT : Rating To know the protection CTs healthiness of
Rating 30VA, 400-200/5 60VA, 1500-750/5 Insulation for CTs and any damages of insulation.
IR Values IR Values
HT-E > 2000 MΩ HT-E > 2000 MΩ
LT-E > 200 MΩ LT-E > 200 MΩ
HT-LT > 2000 MΩ HT-LT > 2000 MΩ
4. Potential Transformer
4.1 Insulation Resistance Test Megger 5KV/2.5KV 25 KV PT To know the condition of between windings & earth
Rating 100VA, 27.5 KV/110V
Purpose - Measuring & Protection
IR Values
• HT-E > 200 MΩ
• LT-E > 2 MΩ
• HT-LT > 200 MΩ
4.2 Voltage Ratio Test Voltage Ratio Tester By applying voltage on Primary, voltage on This result shows the proper output of PTs
secondary should be as under :
P/S: 275V/1.10 V & 137.5 V/0.55V
5. Surge Arrestor
5.1 Insulation Resistance Megger 5KV/2.5KV LA (132 KV) LA (25 KV) This result shows the healthiness of Insulation for
Rating 2*60 KV Rating 42 KV, CTs and any damages to insulation
,10KA 10KA
IR Values>10,000 MΩ IR Values >1,000 MΩ
6. Batteries Multimeter & Hydrometer BATTERY : Following parameters can be checked to determine
TSS : Rating - 200 AH, (2*55=110) V the health of the battery:
Limits of Voltage: 2.5 to 2.75V Per Cell • Voltage • Impedance • Specific gravity.
Specific Gravity of Electrolyte at 27 deg.
C - 1215-1240
 7. Earth Resistance Earth resistance The limits of combined earth resistance in Ohm : To ensure that all parts of the equipment, other than
measurement meter • TSS : 0.5 Ohm live parts are at earth potential.
• AT : 10.0 Ohm
Size of Earth Pit : 600mm x 600mm,
Ht 475mm & thickness 50 mm inside (500 mm
x 500 mm).
Size of Electrode: Dia : 40 mm,
Length: 4 M
Distance bet two Electrode: 8 M
Grouting of Earth Pit:
Above Ground 225mm and 300mm below ground.
8. Buried Rail
8.1 Buried Rail for TSS • Steel Rail of 13 M long to be buried at a depth of 2 meter.
• Two Separate earth connection each by 75 mm x 8 mm MS Flat by providing copper rivets between earthing Grid to buried rail &
buried rail to rail track.
• Loop in each bond 75 mm x 8 mm will be provided at distance of 1 meter from nearest track
• Buried rail to be laid at distance 2.5 M from fencing.
• The spacing between connection of buried with 75 mm x 8 mm will be 2M
8.2 Buried Rail for SP/SSP • Steel Rail of length 13 M long to be buried at a depth of 1 (one) meter for each track UP&DN
• Two Separate earth connection each by 75 mm x 8 mm GI Flat with copper rivets between buried rail to running rail track
• 02 nos. earth electrode at a distance 200 mm of shall be provided at both end of buried rail and connection with 75 mm x 8 mm
• Size of trench will be 0.6 M x 15 M of one meter depth.
• At a distance of 1.5 Meters from either end buried rail two holes will be drilled.
9. Crushed rock surface layer • The gravel/ballast shall be spread out at a depth of minimum 10 cm over the ground in yard.
in TSS/SP/SSP • The size of Gravel/ ballast is minimum 20 mm.
10. Protective Relays
10.1 Transformer Protection relay Feeder Protection Relay :
• HV Over Current Relay(HV OCR) • Instantaneous Over Current Relay(OCR)
• LV Over Current Relay(LV OCR) • Distance Protection Relay (DPR)
• HV Earth Fault Relay(HV EFR) • Wrong Phase Coupling (WPC)
• LV Earth fault Relay(LV EFR) • PT Fuse Failure(PTFF)
• Differential Protection Relay • Delta -I
• Buchholz Relay • Auto Re-closer Relay
• Oil Temperature Indication • Panto Flash Over Relay
• Winding Temperature Indication
• Pressure Relive Device
10.2 Transformer Protection tentative relay setting:
Relay HV Side LV Side
Current Setting Approx value Current on Time Setting Current Setting Approx value Current on Time Setting
in % of TR rated of current secondary side in % of TR rated of current secondary side
current of CT (200/5) current of CT (750/5)
EFR 10 16.36A 0.4 A 20 ms 10 880 A 0.53A 20 ms
IDMT 190 310.84A 7.75A 500-600 ms 180 1440 A 9.6A 250-300 ms
Stage 1 (OCR) 130 212.68A 4.9 A 900 ms 120 960 A 6.4A 840 ms
Stage 1 (OCR) 150 245.4 A 5.3A 720 ms 140 1120 A 7.47A 600 ms
Stage 1 (OCR) 180 294.48 6.3 A 300 ms 170 1360 A 9.07A 240 ms
Post over 110 179.96 A 4.5A 70 sec 100 800 A 5.33A 60 sec

Differential Protection tentative relay setting : Setting in % difference of current of CTs of transformer Time
• Bias setting 20% 40ms
• Operating current setting 40%
10.3 Feeder Protection tentative Relays setting
RELAY Current Setting in % Approx Value Current on secondary Time
of TR rated current side of CT (750/5)
OCR1 (Instantaneous) 220 1760 A 6.0 A 100 ms
OCR2 (Definite time OCR) 180 1440 A 9.6 A 200-250 ms
10.4 Primary Current Injection Primary Current During this test a high current as per Primary current injection test sets have two main applications.
Test Injection Relay Test relay setting shall be given to primary i) Testing of complete relay protection system.
Set terminal of CT to Bus- bar. This ii) To check the entire chain current transformer, conductors, connection
current will be enough to operate points and circuit breakers etc.
the protection equipment. Time
taken to operate the protection
relays to be measured.
10.5 Secondary Current Relay Testing Set The required CT current shall be Secondary current injection test checks the operation of the protective
Injection Test given to each type of Relay and relays etc. A secondary injection test is easier and it requires less current
relay operation time will be through the operating coil of the protective device. The time taken for the
measured accordingly for Feeder protection device to operate is then measured.
& CB transformer. It does not check the entire chain current transformer, conductors,
connection points and circuit breakers etc.