Arrays Strings Vectors Wrapper Class

Notes by Pritee Parwekar
Arrays Strings Vectors, Wrapper Classes

Arrays
Arrays are the data structures which consist of collection of data elements of same data type.
Arrays have fixed length once they are declared their size cannot be changed. In JAVA arrays
are Objects Arrays can be declared and initialized.
e.g. Creation of an array has three steps
1. Declaring the array

2. Creating memory locations
3. Putting values into memory locations.
Declaration of an array
Syntax
type arrayname[];
type[] arrayname;
e.g.
int no[];
float[] per;
float marks[];
Creation of Arrays
array name = new type[size];
e.g.
no=new int[5];
per=new float[5];
Array Initialization
Type arrayname[ ]={ list of values};

Int no[]={10,20,30,40,50};
Array Length
We can get the length of an array by using arrayname.length.
int var= no.length;
JAVA supports single dimentional,two dimentional ,multidimentional and variable size arrays.
Program to sort an array of integer numbers
import java.io.*;
class sort
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a[]={14,32,25,17,29};
int i,j,temp;
System.out.println(" elements before sorting are: ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
System.out.print("\t"+a[i]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<4-i;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}
System.out.println(" elements after sorting are: ");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
System.out.print("\t"+a[i]);
}
}

Program to diagonal elements of a 3X3 matrix to zero
import java.io.*;
class diagonal
{
{
int i,j;
int a[][]=new int[3][3];
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(i==j)
{
a[i][j]=0;
System.out.print(" "+a[i][j]);
}
else
{
a[i][j]=1;
System.out.print(" "+a[i][j]);
}
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
}
Strings
A string in JAVA is a sequence of characters.It is also called as array of characters.In JAVA strings
are implemented as object of String Class.
How to declare and use string
String stringname;
Stringname= new String(“string”);
e.g.
String firstname;
Firstname= new String(“Pritee”);
How to declare array of strings
String arrayname[]= new String[5];
The above declaration will hold three strings in arrayname.
Most commonly used string functions are as follows

1. s2=s1.toLowerCase() – Converts the string s1 to all lowercase
2. s2=s1.toUpperCase() – Converts the string s1 to all uppercase
3. s2=s1.replace(‘X’,’Y’) – Replace all appearances of X with Y
4. s2=s1.trim() – Remove white spaces at the beginning and end of the string s1
5. s1.equals(s2) – Returns true if s1 is equal to s2
6. s1.equalsIgnoreCase() – Returns true if s1=s2 ignoring the case of characters
7. s1.length() – Gives length of s1
8. s1.CharAt(n)- Gives nth character of s1
9. s1.compareTo(s2) – Returns negative if s1 < s2,positive if s1 > s2 otherwise zero
10. s1.concat(s2) – concatenates s1 and s2
11. s1.substring(n) – Gives substring starting from nth character
12. s1.substring(n,m) – Gives substring starting from nth character upto mth character it
does not include mth character
13. StringValueOf(p) – Crates a string object of the parameter p ( simple type or object)
14. p.toString() – Creates a string representation of the object p
15. s1.indexOf(‘X’) – Gives the position of the first occurrence of ‘X’ in the string s1
16. s1.indexOf(‘X’,n) – Gives the positon of ‘X’ that occurs after nth position in the string s1
17. String.ValueOf(variable) – Converts the parameter value to string representation
Program to sort an array of names
Class Stringsort
{
static String name[] = {“pritee”,”devi”,”dev”,”chins”,”rahul”};
{
Int size = name.length;
String temp= null;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)

{
for(int j=i+1;j<size;j++)
{
if(name[j].compareTo(name[i]) < 0)
{
//swap the strings
temp= name[i];
name[i]= name[j];
name[j]= temp;
}
}
]
{
System.out.println(name[i]);
}
}
}
StringBuffer and StringTokenizer

Once a string is assigned a value I canot be changed.It means if a string is reassigned a value the
original memory location is lost and new memory location is allotted.To solve this problem
JAVA introduced StringBuffer.It is capable of storing a number of characters specified by its
capacity.If the capacity of a StringBuffer is exceeded the capacity is automatically expanded to
accommodate the additional characters.
Functions used in StringBuffer

1.s1.setCharAt(n,’X) – Modifies the nth character to ‘X’
2.s1.append(s2) – Appends the string s2 to s1 at the end
3.s1.insert(n,s2) – Inserts the string s2 at the position n of the string s1
4.s1.setLength(n) – Sets the length of the string s1 to n.If n<s1.length() s1 is truncated.If

n>s1.length() zeros are added to s1.
StringTokenizer

A sentence is made up of a number of words called tokens.Compilers also perform

tokenization.They breakup the statements into individual pieces like
keywords,identifiers,operators and other elements of a programming language.JAVA tokenizer
class is used to break the string into its component tokens.Tokens are separated from one
another by delimeters,while spaces,blank,tab,new line of carriage return.
Vector
The concept of variable arugments to methods is achieved in JAVA with the use of Vector Class
which is present in java.util package.This class is used to create a generic dynamic array known
as vector which can hold objects of any type and any number.The objects do not have to be
homogenous.Arrays can be easily implemented as vectors.
Vector v = new Vector(); // declaration without size
Vector v=new Vector(3); // declaration with size
Advantages of Vectors over Arrays
1.It is convenient to use vectors to store objects
2.A vector can be used to store a list of objects that may vary in size
3.we can add and delete objects from the list as and when required
A major constraints of vectors is that we cannot directly store simple data type in a vector we
can only store objects.
We can convert simple types to objects using wrapper classes.
Important Vector methods are
list.addElement(item) – adds the item to the list at the end
list.elementAt(5) – gives the name of the 5th object
list.size() – gives the number of objects present
list.removeElement(item) – removes the specified item from the list
list.removeElementAt(n) – removes the item stored in the nth position of the list
list.removeAllElements() – removes all the elements in the list

list.copyInto(array) – copies all items from list to array
list.insertElementAt(item,n) – inserts the item at nth position
e.g.
Program to explain working with Vectors
import java.util.*;
Class TestVector
{
{
Vector list= new Vector();
int length=args.length;
for(int i=0;i<length;i++)
{
list.addElement(args[i]);
}
list.insertElementAt(“COBOL”,2);
int size = list.size();
String listaray[] = new String[size];
list.copyInto(listarray);
System.out.println(“List of Languages”);
{
System.out.println(listarray[i]);
}
}
}
Wrapper Classes
Vectors can not handle primitive data types like int,float,long,double,char etc.Primitive data
types can be converted into objects types by using wrapper classes contained in the java.lang
package.
Following are the data types and their corresponding wrapper class types.
Simple type Wrapper class

Boolean Boolean
Char Character
Double Double
Float Float
Int Integer
Long Long

Following are the conversation from primitive data types to object numbers using constructor
methods
Ingeger IntVal = new Integer(i) //primitive integer to Integer Object
Converting Object numbers to Primitive numbers using typeValue() method
Int I = IntVal.intValue(); // Object to primitive integer
Converting numbers to Strings using to String() method
Str = Integer.toString(i); //primitive integer to string
Converting String Object to Numeric Objects using the static method ValueOf()
IntVal = Integer.ValueOf(str); // Converts string to Integer Object
Converting Numeric String to Primitive Numbers Using Parsing Methods
int I = Integer.parseInt(str);
e.g
Program how to use wrapper class methods
Class test
{
Public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
DataInputStram in = new DataInputStram(System.in);
System.out.println(“ enter a no”);
String str= in.readLine();
int a=Integer.parseInt(str);
}
catch(IOException e)
{
System.out.println(“ I/O Error”);
}
System.out.println(“\n the square of a number entered by the user is “+(a*a));
}
}

Arrays Strings Vectors Wrapper Class

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Notes by Pritee Parwekar