حل كتاب طالب انكليزي 11 سوريا
حل كتاب طالب انكليزي 11 سوريا
حل كتاب طالب انكليزي 11 سوريا
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Answer these questions :
a When does each festival take place?
b What does each festival celebrate, and why?
Answers:
a Eid Al-Adha takes place at the end of the pilgrimage to Mecca.
The Dragon Boat Festival takes place every year on the anniversary of the death of a Chinese
government minister.
b Eid Al-Adha celebrates the end of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca and remembers the
positive and negative things that happen in the world.
The Dragon Boat Festival celebrates the life of a man called Qu Yuan, who was good and
worked hard to make China a better country.
Answers: a 4 b5 c6 d7 e3 f2 g1
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Grammar
Abilities and achievements
حيث إنها تعبر عن إمكانية حدوث الشيء أو.( اإلستخدامات نفسهاbe able to) ( وcould) (وcan ) لألفعال المساعدة
:( مثالto) ... تُتبع هذة األفعال دائما بفعل مجرد دون. القدرة على القيام به أو طلب اإلذن لعمل شيء ما
She can lend you a hand at any time
She could lend you a hand at any time
She was able to lend you a hand at any time
: مثال... ( في الزمنين الحاضر والمستقبلcould) ( وcan) يُستخدم كل من-
Can I eat this apple ?
Could I eat this apple ?
. ( للتعبير عن القدرة على القيام بعمل ما في زمن الماضيcould – managed to – was/ were able to ) نستخدم
( تدل علىwas /were able to –managed to ) أما, ( لتدل على قدرة عامة على القيام بعمل ماcould ) عادة نستخدم
. قدرة في موقف محدد فقط
Which underlined verbs refer to general ability, and which refer to ability on one
occasion?
a I can’t drive, so I didn’t hire a car.
b I couldn’t even see the people standing around me.
c We couldn’t afford to fly home, so we decided to go by train.
d We couldn’t speak the language very well.
e The power went on again and the train was able to start.
f Fortunately, he managed to start the engine and drove me to my hotel.
Answers: sentence b
In sentence b, could is wrong – the correct sentence would be …I was able to find a seat OR I
managed to find a seat.
Explain that could means ‘knew how to’. In sentence b, the speaker had been trying to find a
seat, so he was making some effort in the situation.
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Complete this short story using could, couldn’t or managed to in each gap.
When I arrived in Scotland to celebrate New Year’s Eve with my aunt and uncle, I (1)……..
wait to see the world-famous Hogmanay festivities for myself. I (2)……… hear the sound of
bagpipes as soon as I stepped onto the main street in Edinburgh. My aunt and uncle (3)………
find a nice café for us to meet in before the celebrations began at 10.00 p.m. I (4) ………hide
my excitement at seeing the sky filled with fireworks at midnight. There were people waving
flags everywhere and we (5)………. see families singing traditional Scottish songs near the
museum. I (6)……… take lots of photos of the fireworks before the festival ended.
Answers: 1 D 2F 3A 4C 5B 6E
Go out ينقطعGo on يستمر –ذو صلة معGo off ) يدق فجأة (دق
Go away ً يذهب بعيداGo up يرتفعGo without يذهب بدون
Go to يذهب إلى
Answers :
1 because water is thrown on them; because everything is burnt
2 when someone tries to break into the car; when someone goes too near the car by accident
3 when the government increases or reduces tax; when there is a surplus or shortage; when
there is competition with another retailer
4 you feel hungry; you lose weight; your body doesn’t work properly
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Some adjectives have a stronger meaning than others.
a Match a normal adjective with one that has a stronger meaning.
Normal 1 big 2 difficult 3 tired 4 frightened 5 angry 6 nice 7 small 8 surprised
Strong a wonderful b astonished c enormous d impossible e exhausted f tiny
g furious h terrified
Answers : 1 c 2d 3e 4h 5g 6a 7f 8b
Answers : We can use very with all the words in list 1–8.
We can use absolutely with all the words in list a–h.
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Unit 2 Family celebrations
Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of these verbs:
Change have make sign
a We decided to a……….. special celebration for our brother.
b If you want to talk to everyone, you have to ……….places from time to time.
c The man’s eldest son ………….a short speech during the celebration.
d Everyone …………a card to wish the couple a happy wedding anniversary.
Grammar
PAST PERFECT :S + had +PP
: يستخدم الماضي التام ليدل على
.حدثين وقعا في الماضي الذي جرى أوالً نضعه في الماضي التام والثاني في الماضي البسيط-1
-Maher had already eaten his lunch when I arrived .
after –before –when يجوز لك استخدام الماضي البسيط في كال الجملتين عندما يكون الرابط-2
-Before Maher left ,he (had) called me on the phone.
.مع صيغة التفضيل الثالث, حدث وقع ولكن لم يقع مثله قط في حياتك-3
-It was the most difficult problem I had never solved.
until ودليلها, ) جملة منفية (وقعت
-Until last year I had never heard about your problem .
. في جملتين في الماضي أحدهما منفية/ until / توقف حدوث حدث على آخر بدليل-4
-The plants didn't grow until the gardener had watered them.
would +have +p.p وجواب الشرط, جملة الشرط من النوع الثالث يكون فيها الزمن الماضي التام-5
-If you had studied ,you would have succeeded.
/already – ( في الجملة وكانت الجملة الثانية ماضي بسيط فتصبح جملةalready –never –ever) إذا وجدت: مالحظة
. في زمن الماضي التامever –never/
-When Omar arrived to the hospital his wife had already given a birth to a child.
. نتيجة في الماضي الزمن الذي أوصل إليه ماضي تام-6
Ali was sad because he had failed the exam .
Complete these sentences with the correct past form of the verbs in brackets.
a They………. (watch) the film, although they………. (already see) it three times.
b The air conditioning…….. (break), so we all ………..(feel) very uncomfortable.
c He ………(never eat) Syrian food before, but he really ………..(enjoy) it.
d The next morning, the streets ……..(be) dusty because there…….. (be) a sandstorm.
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Complete this table with words from the list below
Person Action Thing
a painter paint painting
b musician composer play compose music
c playwright write plays
d singer sing songs
e author write books
Which of the two meanings fits the words in italics in these sentences?
a The head of the tribe has five sons.
head 1 part of the body 2 leader, most important person
b He comes from a very high–class family.
class 1 social group 2 group of students who learn together
c I’ve eaten as much as I can – I’ll have to leave the rest.
rest 1 part of something that is left 2 period of relaxation
d They live a very simple life.
simple 1 easy, not difficult 2 natural, not complicated
e Swimming is a form of exercise.
form 1 style, kind 2 written document with spaces to write in
Answers : a 2 b1 c1 d2 e1
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The servants of important men went from one coffee house to another, and passed on the latest
news stories about what politicians were doing or what was happening on the other side of the
world. London coffee houses were very pleasant places, with their bookshelves, mirrors,
pictures on the walls and good furniture. They were calm places where people talked politely to
each other. If anyone started an argument, he had to buy a drink for everyone in the coffee
house.
During the next hundred years, coffee spread to other western European countries, where, at
first, people drank it as a medicine. Soon it became a social drink, just as in Arab countries
and Britain. In Syria, serving and drinking coffee have been at the heart of the country’s famous
hospitality for centuries. Conversations, discussions and transactions are made over a cup of
delicious Syrian coffee. A guest’s coffee cup is never empty in a Syrian home; only when the
guest tips the empty cup from side to side does the host stop refilling it with hot, black coffee.
The beans are ground with cardamom seeds, which gives the coffee a distinctive fragrance.
Coffee is still central to the way people work, relax and socialise in Syria, as well as across the
rest of the world.
New words
Keep up to date يبقى على تواصل معCatch up on يلحق –يتابع Accurate دقيق
Chew يمضغSpread ينتشر Hospitality حسن الضيافة
Discussion مناقشةTransaction نقل Tips يقلب –يميل
Refilled يمألCardamom حب الهال Seeds حبوب
Distinctive مميزLecture محاضرة Debating يناقش
Decide whether these statements are True or False. Correct the false statements.
a People first drank coffee in Ethiopia.
b Coffee became popular in Arab countries because it helped people to sleep.
c Coffee was first brought to England by someone from Turkey.
d Coffee is an insignificant part of Syrian hospitality.
e There were frequent arguments and fights in London’s coffee houses.
f In Europe, people used coffee as a medicine before it was a drink.
Answers :
a False. People first drank coffee in Arab countries.
b False. Coffee became popular because it gave them more energy.
c True.
d False. Coffee is a significant part of Syrian hospitality.
e False. They were calm places.
f True.
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Match the words a-f with the correct meanings 1-6.
a accurate 1 educational talk about a particular subject
b chew 2 liquid or pills doctors give to ill people to make them better
c furniture 3 move from one place to another
d lecture 4 correct / truthful
e medicine 5 chairs and tables are examples of this
f spread 6 break up food in your mouth before you swallow it
Answers : a 4 b6 c5 d1 e2 f3
Answers :
a Coffee was already popular in Turkey and perhaps the Turkish man wanted to introduce it as
a business venture in London.
b Because it would take up too much time for the businessmen to go themselves.
c To discourage customers from starting arguments.
What do the underlined words in these sentences from the article on page 27 refer to?
a … they went to a coffee house. (line 5)
b … you could never be sure the information you found there was accurate. (line 14)
c From there, it spread to Arab countries... (line 19)
d They became the centre of social life in London. (line 27)
e If anyone started an argument, he had to buy a drink for everyone… (lines 36 – 38)
Answers :
a they = businessmen 300 years ago
b there = in coffee houses
c there = Ethiopia; it = coffee
d they = coffee houses
e he = the person who starts the argument
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Grammar
Third conditional
If +s+ had +p.p+ rest , s+ would +have +p.p +rest
If you had come early ,you would have met my father .
. ) ألنه مستحيل (مستحيل تحقيقه. ال يمكن ان يتحقق هذا النوع من الشرط. ) دائما ً يترجم ب (لو كنت قد
. وتقلب بين الفاعل والفعل وتبقى الجملة شرطيةif يجوز لك في هذا الشرط أن تحذف
Had you played well ,you would have won the game.
Complete these conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a If Ahmad…….. (not eat) so much food at the party, he ………(not become) so ill.
b If she …..(not visit) her family in Manbij, she ……….(not see) her cousins before the
summer holiday.
c If they ………(not buy) a ticket for the concert, they ……..(not be) able to get the singer’s
autograph.
In English, there are several verbs which refer to different ways of ‘talking’.
a Choose the correct verb to complete these sentences.
1 I of ten spend hours agreeing / debating / approving with my friends.
2 It’s good to discuss / speak / talk your future plans with your parents.
3 Best friends should not argue / discuss / talk with each other.
4 A scientist is here t o chat / speak / tell to us about his subject.
5 Can you say / talk / tell me your email address, please?
Answers : 1 debating 2 discuss 3 argue 4 speak 5 tell
b Copy and complete these sentences with one of the verbs from 1a, then discuss the
questions with a partner.
1 How long do you spend with your friends on the phone?
2 Who do you your plans with?
3 Do you ever with your friends?
Answers : 1 debating 2 discuss 3 argue
Feelings: to feel thirsty, etc.
If people feel sleepy, they need to sleep. What do they need to do in the following
situations:
a if they feel hungry?
b if they feel thirsty?
c if they feel lonely?
d if they feel ill?
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Complete this story with one of the verbs from the list. Use the past simple or the past
perfect.
bake blow up paint applaud smell can not
make look compose play want cook
We (1 ) ……….our grandparents’ wedding anniversary to be a wonderful celebration. My
mother and I (2) ……….a cake the night before and my cousins (3)……… the decorations. The
house (4) ………wonderful – my cousins (5)……… forty balloons, one for each year of my
grandparents’ marriage, and (6) ……….large banners with the word CONGRATULATIONS
on them. My aunts (7)…….. so much food by the time everything was ready. It (8) ……
delicious! When my grandparents arrived at the house at seven in the evening, they (9)…….
stop smiling. My brother (10)……….. a piece of music a few weeks ago, especially for the
occasion. He (11)……… it on the piano and everyone (12)……… at the end.
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Answers :
a If Ali hadn’t lost his watch, he wouldn’t have missed the start of the film.
b If there hadn’t been a traffic jam in the city, Ahmad would have got to the football match on
time.
c If there hadn’t been a sandstorm at the airport yesterday, our plane could have taken off.
d If I had had enough money, I would have travelled to the Rio Carnival.
e If he had seen the crack in the pavement, he wouldn’t have fallen over.
Answers :
1 I’d have gone to a friend’s house; I’d have phoned my parents
2 I’d have gone home again; I’d have phoned my parents; I’d have told the teacher
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MODULE 2
Unit 4 Broadcasting
A short history of broadcasting
A German physicist, Heinrich Hertz, discovered radio waves in 1888, and eight years later an
Italian engineer, Guglielmo Marconi, designed a system which could transmit radio signals to
anywhere in the world in less than a second. Until this time, messages could only be sent short
distances along telegraph wires, and messages which were sent to other countries could take
months. Because radio signals do not need wires, the first name for the radio was the ‘wireless’,
which means ‘without wires’.
The first public radio broadcast in Syria was made in 1947 by Syrian Radio. It began with the
famed line: ‘‘This is Damascus!’’ At first, most broadcasts were news programmes, but soon
music and other entertainment programmes were also broadcast. The early radios, which were
in large wooden cases, were heavy to lift. In the 1950s, scientists invented transistors, and
radios became much smaller. People who could afford battery-powered portable radios carried
them around so that they could listen to their favourite programmes wherever they were.
The first television system was developed in 1926 by John Logie Baird, who was a Scottish
inventor. Ten years later, the BBC* started broadcasting a few regular TV programmes in
Britain. The first television sets, which were very expensive, had small screens with black and
white pictures. In 1951, the first colour broadcasts were made, but it was not until twenty years
later that most people had colour televisions in their homes. In the 1970s and 1980s, people
bought video recorders, so that they could record television programmes. In the 1990s and
2000s, digital TV, satellite and cable television systems have given people a wider choice of
television channels, and DVDs are replacing videos.
People have always worried about new inventions. In the 1960s, they thought that television
would replace radio, and in the 1970s they were sure TV and video would damage the film
industry, but these things have not happened.
* BBC = British Broadcasting Corporation
New words
Broadcasting النشر اإلذاعي Physicist فيزيائي Engineer مهندس
Design يصمم Transmit ينقل Wires أسالك
Signal اشارة Famed سمعة Transistors ترانزستور
Portable قابل للحمل أو الثقل Inventor مخترع Damage يضر
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f The power for portable radios came from………….. . (1 word)
g John Logie Baird developed the……………….. . (3 words)
Answers :
a German physicist
b short distances
c transmitted / broadcast
d lift
e invented transistors
f batteries
g first television system
Find words in the article with these meanings. Paragraph numbers are in brackets.
a to send out radio or TV signals (1)
b another word for radio (1)
c programme sent out by radio or TV (2)
d adjective to describe something that people can carry (2)
e glass surface where TV pictures appear (3)
f to make a copy of music, radio or TV programme on cassette or video (3)
g object in space which sends television programmes to Earth (3)
h radio or TV station (3)
Copy and complete these lists with the nouns and verbs from the article.
Noun Verb
a transmission transmit
b development develop
c choice choose
d invention invent
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Grammar
(who-which) RELATIVE PROUNOUNS
: تستخدم روابط الوصل لتربط بين جملتين على الشكل التالي
who للعاقل نستخدم-1
بعد أن نحدد العائد عليه في الجملة األولى نضع الرابط ثم نكمل الجملة
: عندما يدخل الرابط يقوم بحذف ضمير أو اسم من الجملة الثانية: مالحظة
:أو األسماء التي تحل محلها مثالI /she /he /you /they /we أوme /him /her/you/ us/them تحذفWho
The girl is happy . She won the race .
The girl who won the race is happy .
إذا حل ضمير الوصل بدل الفاعل ال يمكن حذفه بينما إذا حل مكان المفعول به يمكن حذفه والضمير العائد عليه:مالحظة
.ً أيضا
I like clothes which are comfortable and make me feel relaxed.
ألنها حلت مكان الفاعلwhich في هذه الجملة ال يمكن حذف
Some people who I know spend lots of money .
ألنها حلت مكان المفعول بهwho في هذه الجملة يجوز حذف
Complete this story using who or which. Add any necessary commas.
When I was a child, most of the families (1) ………lived on our street did not have televisions.
In the evenings, many people listened to their radios (2)………. they had in their living rooms.
But I was lucky. The family (3) ……….lived next to us had a television and every afternoon I
went to their house to watch children’s programmes with my friend, Hassan. Hassan’s mother,
(4) ……..was very kind, always welcomed me. The programmes (5) ………I enjoyed most
were the cartoons. There were other programmes (6) ………my friend enjoyed but some of
these frightened me. When these programmes were on, I covered my eyes.
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Answers : 1 film industry 2 radio signals 3 short distances
4 news programme 5 video recorder
Answers: a 3 b5 c1 d4 e2
Read the text about a Syrian soap opera and fill in the blanks with one of the verbs in
the box. Use the correct tenses.
(be) introduce (be) gather enjoy follow (be) make broadcast portray
Bab al-Hara is a famous Syrian soap opera that is watched by millions of people all over the
Arab world. It (1)………. Syrian society when the local population hoped for independence
from French rule. The story (2) ……...the daily lives of friends and families in a neighbourhood
in Damascus. The series (3) ……….in Syria during Ramadan in 2006. One of 31 episodes was
(4)………. each night at a time when families would (5)…….. together to break the fast. Critics
and audiences alike (6) ……….the series so much that a new series has (7) …...each year since.
Grammar
. والفعل المضارع بالمصدرto تستخدم أفعال القول والسؤال والنصيحة مع األسماء أو الضمير باإلضافة الى
Tell /like /prefer /advise /want /warn +noun /pronoun +to +verb (infinitive ).
Answers: In both pairs of sentences, the first one describes the speakers’ own opinions, the
second one describes what other people think and includes subject and object pronouns.
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Write more sentences following the same pattern.
a ‘Turn the television off and do your homework.’ (Mazen’s father / tell / him)
b ‘If I were you, I’d record the programme and watch it later.’ (Mazen / advise / me)
c ‘Please watch the film with me.’ (Lubna’s mother / ask / her)
d ‘Don’t touch the DVD player.’ (Lubna’s mother / warn / her)
Answers:
a Mazen’s father told him to turn the television off and do his homework.
b Mazen advised me to record the programme and watch it later.
c Lubna’s mother asked her to watch the film with her.
d Lubna’s mother warned her not to touch the DVD player.
Answers : 1 B 2F 3E 4A 5D 6C
ينهض Get up ينسجم مع –صلة بشخص ماGet on يتغلب على Get over
يركز التفكير فيGet down to ينجز –يًتم Get through يتخلف Get behind with
Else means ‘other’ and is often used with words like something, everybody or nowhere.
Complete these sentences with a word from the list and else.
somebody nobody everybody anybody something nothing
anything somewhere nowhere everywhere anywhere everything
a I’m not enjoying this programme. Can we watch ………… ………..?
b I’m still hungry. Can I have ……. ………to eat?
c We’re the last ones to leave. ……….. ………..has already gone home.
d We can’t stay here tonight. We’ll have to go ……… ………...
e I can’t understand why ………… ………..watches the news on TV. I find it very interesting.
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Answers: a something else b something else / anything else c Everybody else
d somewhere else e nobody else
Unit 6 Uses TV Cameras
On Camera
In many hospital operations these days, tiny television cameras are being used by
surgeons to see exactly what is happening inside their patient’s body. This is called
keyhole surgery because the doctors can do operations through a small hole in the
patient’s body, instead of having to make a large cut. Television pictures are sent to a
monitor which the surgeon watches as he or she carries out the operation. Medical staff
say that by using the latest technology they can see inside the patient’s body as clearly
as if they were looking through a window. Keyhole surgery makes operations safer and
more comfortable for patients, and less complicated for doctors.
More and more closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras are being positioned high
above city centres and motorways to enable the police to check for accidents and traffic
problems. The cameras are controlled remotely by traffic police who use the information
to help keep traffic moving on busy roads. This information is also used by radio and
television stations which broadcast up-to-date traffic news.
Filmmakers use special cameras and video recorders to make animated films one frame
at a time. First, the models of the characters are put into their positions, then filming
can begin. After each frame has been filmed, the models are moved. Using this very slow
process, models often have to be moved over a thousand times to make one minute of
the final film. This means that a full-length film can take several years to make.
Another type of film camera is the webcam, a piece of equipment which is connected
to the Internet. Webcams are being used more and more by people who want to share
moving pictures with each other. One of the most popular uses is video calling or video
conferencing, where people can see each other while they are having a ‘telephone’
conversation. Webcams are often positioned on top of a computer, pointing towards
the user.
New words
Surgeon جراحSurgery جراحةMonitor شاشة التحكم
Carry out ينجزOperation العمليةMedical staff الطاقم الطبي
Patient مريضLook through ينظر من خاللComplicated تعقيد
Circuit دارةRemotely عن بعد –مسافة بعيدةAnimated متحركة
Frame اطارPut into يضع في مكانConferencing مؤتمر
Match these words from the article on page 51 with their meanings.
a complicated 1 one photo in a strip of film
b operation 2 at a distance / not close up
c remotely 3 camera connected to a computer
d surgeon 4 doctor who specialises in cutting bodies open to treat them
e webcam 5 cutting open a person’s body to treat something inside
f frame 6 difficult
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Answers: a 6 b5 c2 d4 e3 f1
Choose True (T), False (F) or Don’t know (DK) if the information is not given. Correct
the false statements.
a Keyhole surgery is less expensive than traditional surgery.
b CCTV cameras give radio and TV stations information about traffic conditions.
c To make a full-length animated film you have to move the models about a thousand times.
d Webcams allow two people to see each other while they are talking over the Internet .
Answers :
a DK
bT
c F: to make one minute of an animated film you have to
move the models about a thousand times.
dT
Grammar
المبني للمجهولPASSIVE VOICE
BE + P.P : يتشكل المبني للمجهول من القاعدة التالية
.لتشكيل المبني للمجهول ننقل المفعول به في الجملة المعلومة إلى الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة
: نغير الزمن حسب القواعد التالية
1-Simple present “am-is-are + pp” المضارع البسيط
E.g.- Samar makes a fine toy.
A fine toy is made by Samar .
2-Simple past "was-were + pp” الماضي البسيط
E.g.-Ali made a good composition .
A good composition was made by Ali .
3-Present progressive “am-is-are + being + pp” المضارع المستمر
E.g.- They are feeding the horses .
The horses are being fed .
4-Past progressive "was-were + being +pp" الماضي المستمر
E.g.- Leila was preparing the meal .
The meal was being prepared by Leila.
5-Present perfect "have-has + been + pp" الحاضر التام
E.g. – The students have done the homework
The homework has been done by the students
6-Past perfect "had + been + pp" الماضي التام
E.g.- My mother had cooked a delicious lunch .
A delicious lunch had been cooked by my mother .
7-Future" will-can + be + pp" المستقبل
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E.g.- They will teach Samar how to cook.
Samar will be taught how to cook .
نستعمل المبني للمجهول عند عدم االكتراث بالفاعل أو لسنا متأكدين منه أو غير موجود أو عدم االهتمام به وفي حال وجوده
.by نضعه في آخر الجملة مسبوقا ً ب
-The company will send Ali to Cairo.
Ali will be sent to Cairo by the company.
: االستفهام في المبني للمجهول بسيط جدا
مالحظة
ً
.ألن الفعل المساعد موجود دائما نقوم بعملية التبديل وإن أردت اإليضاح ضع أداة االستفهام قبل الفعل المساعد:
إذا كانت مساعدةdidn't نقوم بحذفهم عند تحويل الجملة إلى المجهول وكذلكdon't /doesn't إذا كانت الجملية منفية ب
am /is/ are+ not +p.p بdo/does واستبدال,
was /were +not +p.p بdidn't أما
-They don't/didn't send me the prize.
I 'm not/wasn't sent the prize.
Are/Were you sent the prize ?
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Newspaper stories often use passive verbs. In your notebook, rewrite these items of
news as newspaper stories, putting the underlined verbs into the passive, and making
any other necessary changes.
a Some local authorities in the United Kingdom are introducing speed cameras as a way
of preventing motorists from driving too fast. They are installing speed cameras on busy
roads. The courts are increasing fines for dangerous driving, and judges are sending
motorists who cause serious accidents to prison.
b Two days before the competition, they take TV cameras and other equipment to
the stadium. They spend two whole days preparing for the match. They test all the
equipment carefully. On the day of the match, the programme producers give the
commentators and cameramen their final instructions.
Answers :
a-Speed cameras are being introduced (by some local authorities) in the United Kingdom…
Speed cameras are being installed… Fines are being increased by the courts…
Motorists who cause serious accidents are being sent to prison (by judges).
b-…TV cameras and other equipment are taken to the stadium… Two whole days are spent…
All the equipment is tested… the commentators and cameramen are given their final
instructions OR final instructions are given to the commentators and cameramen.
Match a word from List A with a word from List B to make compound nouns which you
can use to complete sentences a–g.
A B
animated cameras
city conferencing
medical centre
radio film
television news
traffic staff
video stations
a Many……….. ……….. broadcast news and other useful information and play popular music.
b ……….. ………is becoming popular because people like seeing who they are talking to.
c The phrase ……….. …………means doctors, surgeons and nurses.
d The……….. …………… is often the oldest and busiest part of a large town.
e If you want to know how busy the roads are, listen to……… ………… the on the radio.
f They often use several…….. ……….. when they film a sports event.
g The voices of well-known actors are often used for characters in a(n)………… …………. .
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There are many nouns in English which refer to groups of people.
a Match each word 1–7 with the correct definition a–g.
1 audience a all the people who work on a ship or a plane
2 class b people who make laws for a country
3 crew c sportsmen or women who play together
4 family d all the people who work in a particular organisation
5 government e students who are taught together
6 staff f all the people who listen to a speech or a concert
7 team g people who are related to each other
Answers : 1 f 2e 3a 4g 5b 6d 7c
b Write sentences about how these pairs of people are connected. Where possible, write
active and passive sentences, using verbs from this list.
arrest bring up educate employ serve treat
Answers :
Doctors treat patients. Patients are treated by doctors.
Managers employ workers. Workers are employed by managers.
Parents bring up children. Children are brought up by parents.
Police officers arrest criminals. Criminals are arrested by police officers.
Shop assistants serve customers. Customers are served by shop assistants.
Teachers educate pupils. Pupils are educated by teachers.
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Answers :
a The science programme which I watched on TV last night was very interesting.
b Dr Hassan, who presented the programme, is an expert on digital technology.
c The late film which starred Ayman Zidan didn’t finish until 1.30 a.m.
d I know someone who never watches television.
e Boris Becker, who used to be a famous tennis player, is now a TV commentator.
f My favourite film, which was made by the Syrian film director Abdullatif Abdulhamid, is
about a man who is kind to everyone he meets.
Copy and add more information from the box below to this story to make it more
detailed.
Add the information in the form of relative clauses at the places marked in the text. Use
commas if the information is extra rather than necessary.
A new way of building
Last night I couldn’t watch my favourite TV programme (a) , which started at 7.30, because I
had to go to a meeting (b) . So, of course I decided to record the programme before I left home.
I picked up the box of blank video cassettes (c) , but when I opened it I found it was empty. I
couldn’t imagine what had happened so I started looking round the house. As I was looking, my
younger brother, Obeid (d) started shouting. I rushed to his room and found him sitting on the
floor. ‘My house fell down’, he said. On the floor were my video cassettes (e) .
Additional information
I had bought the box of video cassettes the day before.
My brother is only 4 years old.
Obeid had used my video cassettes to build a house.
The meeting was being held at my school.
The TV programme started at 7.30.
Answers : Last night I couldn’t watch my favourite TV programme, which started at 7.30,
because I had to go to a meeting which was being held at my school. So, of course I decided to
record the programme before I left home. I picked up the box of blank video cassettes, which I
had bought the day before, but when I opened it I found it was empty. I couldn’t imagine what
had happened so I started looking round the house. As I was looking, my younger brother,
Obeid, who is only 4 years old, started shouting. I rushed to his room and found him sitting on
the floor. ‘My house fell down’, he said. On the floor were my video cassettes, which he had
used to build a house.
Hamed’s father has broken his leg and cannot do anything for himself. He gets Hamed
to do everything for him. Rewrite some of the things he says, using the verbs in brackets.
a ‘Can you bring me the newspaper, please?’ (ask)
b ‘Please can you turn the volume up for me?’ (ask)
c ‘Rewind the video for me.’ (tell)
d ‘Please could you turn off the television?’ (ask)
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e ‘Bring me a drink, Hamed.’ (tell)
f ‘Please watch this film with me, Hamed.’ (ask)
g ‘Can you look for the remote control, please?’ (want)
Answers :
a He asked Hamed to bring him the newspaper.
b He asked Hamed to turn the volume up for him.
c He told Hamed to rewind the video for him.
d He asked Hamed to turn off the television.
e He told Hamed to bring him a drink.
f He asked Hamed to watch the film with him.
g He wanted Hamed to look for the remote control.
Answers :
a A two-hour programme about volcanoes was shown on TV last night.
b Some of the world’s most famous volcanoes were filmed from an aeroplane.
c Some amazing shots of the red-hot centre of a volcano were taken.
d While they were making the programme one of the cameramen was burnt by hot ash.
e He was rescued by a helicopter and taken to the nearest hospital.
f The programme was watched by nearly 10 million people.
g It was so popular that it is being shown again tomorrow night.
Answer these questions with compound nouns made by taking a word from box A and a
second word from box B.
A city missing radio short traffic video
B centre distance news person recorder station
a How could you describe the position of a shop less than 1km away?
a short distance
b What do we call the middle part of a large town?
the city centre
c What machine do we use to copy a TV programme and watch it later?
a video recorder
d What do we call someone who disappears and can’t be found?
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a missing person
e What do we listen to on the radio to find out how busy the roads are?
the traffic news
f What do we call an organisation which broadcasts programmes for listeners?
a radio station
Complete these sentences with the correct part of one of these multi-part verbs with get.
(One of the verbs is not used.)
get behind get down get on get over get through get up
a Ahmad missed the school bus because he ………..late.
b I’ve tried phoning all morning but I’ve only just managed to…………..
c My boss and I always ………….very well – we never argue.
d The two men talked about their families before they…………. to business.
e You’re very fit, so it shouldn’t take you long to……………your illness.
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MODULE 3
Unit 7 Communicating
Copy and complete these sentences with words from this list.
envelope letter notepaper pen post box stamp (to) stick (to) write
Talaa decided to (a) ……….to her aunt, who lives in Rome. She asked for three pieces of
(b)…….. , and wrote with her favourite black (c) ………... When she’d finished writing, she
put the (d) ……….into a long white (e) ……….and borrowed a (f) ……..from her sister. She
(g)………… this on the envelope and took the letter to the (h)………… .
Grammar
DEFENITE ARTICLE (THE)
.( تستخدم هذة االداة قبل االسماء المفردة واالسماء التي تحمل صيغ جمعThe) أداة التعريف
The child insisted on buying the car that he saw in the store
I liked all the things that you sent to me
( some) لذلك نستطيع استخدام,النستخدم غالبا ً أداة التعريف أو أدوات التنكير مع االسماء التي تحمل صيغ جمع:مالحظة
. عوضا ً عنها
I wish I could buy some presents for my son
. المعدود وغير المعدود, للمفرد والجمع, للتحديد والتخصيصthe تستخدم أداة المعرفة
The black pen over there is mine .
. ماهر نكرة في الجملة األولى يصبح معرفة في الجملة الثانية
I bought a house .The house which …….
. ال تستخدم أداة المعرفة مع الحقائق العلمية أو العامة-1 مالحظة
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen .
لكن انظر التحديد في الجملة التالية
The water which I drank an hour ago was salty .
.الماء الذي شربته منذ ساعة كان مالح
.عدا أسماء األنهار والجبال (سلسلة جبلية) بحيرة(سلسلة بحيرات) وبعض الدول, أسماء العلم ال تستخدم معها أداة المعرفة-2
The united states ,the Netherlands, the Philippines
. نستخدم أداة المعرفة أمام صيغة التفضيل من النوع الثالث-3
Rack sole is one of the richest men in the world .
Big – bigger –biggest
ال تنسى قاعدة التفضيل
INDEFENITE ARTICALE (A –AN)
(A) استخدام
. الذي يبدأ بحرف ساكنevery مع المفرد المعدود (الدال على مفرد )أو بمعنىA نستخدم أداة النكرة
A cat –a car –a dog
A cat has a tail .
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(An) استخدام
. مع األسماء المعدودة المفردة الدالة على مفرد التي تبدأ بحرف صوتيAN نستخدم
An egg –an apple –an umbrella
إذا لفظ يوE يستثنى من األحرف الصوتية
إذا لفظ يوU
(a ) إذا لفظ و ←عندها نضعO
A Europe – a university –a one
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b Copy and complete these sentences with the appropriate quantity expressions.
1 I want to write a letter. Can you pass me two pieces of paper?
2 I read an interesting………… about volcanoes in the paper this morning.
3 Can I give you a ………………? I think you should apologise to him.
4 For breakfast Ann usually has two………… with butter and honey.
5 I take a……………. to school in case I get hungry.
Unit 8 Writing
The history of writing
Human beings have been writing their languages for over five thousand years. The
methodology started in Mesopotamia in about 3000 BCE, when people living in the region
developed a kind of writing to record and pass on information. The Mesopotamians used
pictograms mainly to communicate economic information, for example about crops and money.
Gradually, these pictures became a system of cuneiform symbols which were scratched on
blocks of clay with reeds. This system emerged in Sumer in southern Iraq. Only certain people
knew how to write, and for thousands of years, professional writers called scribes wrote about
daily life and trade. Cuneiform gave countries of the ancient world a way of transcribing their
history. At about the same time, another system based on pictures, or hieroglyphics, developed
in Egypt. In about 1500 BCE, Chinese scribes started writing on tortoise shells using a system
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of characters similar to those which Chinese people still use today. Characters represent words,
so people have to learn to recognise thousands of characters before they can read even a simple
story. Traditionally, the Chinese write with a brush and ink. The Phoenicians pioneered the
alphabet, a system in which each letter signifies a sound, and letters are combined to make
words. The Roman alphabet, which has twentysix letters, is an improved form of the
Phoenician alphabet. Most European countries have been utilising this alphabet since they were
part of the Roman Empire two thousand years ago. The written form of Arabic, which people
have been using since the 4th century CE, is the second most widely used alphabet in the world.
It is used throughout the Arab world and is also the basis of other forms of cursive writing such
as Malay, Urdu and Persian. Unlike systems based on the Roman alphabet, Arabic is written
from right to left. It has twenty-eight letters. Like Chinese, Arabic writing is a precious art form
as well as a practical method of communication.
New words
علم المنهج Methodology منطقة Region الحروف الهيروغليفيPictograms
ً تدريجيا Gradually الخط المسماري Cuneiform رموز Symbols
يحفر Scratch ألواح Blocks طين Clay
قصب Reeds ظهر Emerged مخطوطات Scribes
تدوين –تسجيلTranscribing خط الهيروغرافيHieroglyphics يرود –يمهد الطريقPioneered
يعرف Signifies تتألف من Combined يثبت –يحسن Improve
استفاد –استخدم Utilizing أحرف مطبعية متصلةCursive
Answers :
a People needed a way to record things they traded.
b scribes
c on tortoise shells with a brush and ink
d Most European countries use the Roman alphabet because they were part of the Roman
Empire.
e It is written from right to left and has twenty-eight letters.
f They are an art form as well as a practical method of communication.
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Match the words from the article with the correct meanings.
a (to) record 1 mean / stand for
b (to) communicate 2 valuable / worth a lot of money
c symbol 3 put together / join with
d trade 4 give information
e (to) represent 5 business / buying and selling
f (to) combine 6 write down for other people to read
g precious 7 written sign which stands for something else
Grammar
PRESENT PERFECT :S+ have- has + p.p.
الحاضر التام هو الزمن الذي يؤكد على وقوع الحدث ,ال تاريخ وقوعه.
مالحظة :ال نستخدم أدلة الماضي البسيط مع الحاضر التام .
يستخدم الحاضر التام ليدل على :
ً
-1عمل انتهى اآلن (نتيجة حاضرة غالبا يكون نهاية المضارع المستمر )
-Samer has written three letters.
-My mother has cooked the lunch .
-2عمل بدأ في الماضي وال يزال مع since / forفي حالة مشتركة مع الحاضر التام المستمر.
-I have taught physics for 3 years.
-Maher has worked in this factory since 1990.
مالحظة :الفرق بين =sinceنقطة زمنية محددة .
=Forمدة زمنية
-3تكرار أشير إلى التكرار دون تحديد تاريخ التكرار.
-Maher has gone to zoo three times.
-4السؤال عن أمر ال أدري إن حدث أم ال (دون تاريخ الحدوث ).
?-Have you seen the pyramids
? -Has Huda met her mother
-5عمل لم يحدث في حياة اإلنسان قط.
-I have never seen the Alps .
-I have never had kubbe.
مالحظة :األفعال التي تأخذ زمن مطول مع عدم ذكر التاريخ نضع مضارع تام مستمر كالعمل والنوم والسفر
-أفعال المحبة والكراهية حاضر بسيط .
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: S +have /has +be en +v +ing +rest
يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر ليدل على:
-1عمل بدأ في الماضي وال يزال مع ( (since –for
-They have been working here for 30 years .
-2يشبه الحاضر التام ولكن التوكيد فيه االستمرار أكثر ويركز على الفعل المطور .
-3نتيجة في المضارع-الزمن الذي أوصل إليها –مضارع تام مستمر .
-Mona is tired .She has been walking all day .
-4احذر الفعل الذي ال يقبل االستمرار .
-5يركز على الحدث ال تاريخ الحدث .
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Complete these sentences by choosing the right verb form and for or since.
a The Chinese have drawn / been drawing characters for / since 1500 BCE.
b By the age of 15, Chinese students have learnt / been learning over 3000 characters.
c Ali has lost / been losing his pen, so he can’t do his English homework. He’s looked / been
looking for it all evening.
d Asma has been reading for / since the age of three. She has read / been reading two or three
books a week for / since several years now.
e European countries have used / been using the Roman alphabet for / since 2000 years.
Copy and complete these sentences using verbs and nouns from these lists. You may have
to use the past form of some verbs.
Verbs: draw paint scratch write
Nouns: brush clay ink paper pen pencil
a Traditionally, the Chinese ………….their characters using a………. and ………….
b The Mesopotamians…………. their pictograms on blocks of …………..with a reed.
c Today most people write on ……………with a ball-point …………..
d Artists………….. pictures with a………. or …………..with a paintbrush.
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3 I couldn’t understand that film – it had a very…………… plot.
4 Suggesting people stop using email and return to traditional letters is an……………idea.
5 The Roman alphabet is a more …………system of writing than pictograms.
Answers: a 5 b4 c3 d1 e2
Grammar
االستفهام التوكيديQUESTION TAGS
االستفهام التوكيدي هو سؤال ولكن في آخر الجملة على القاعدة األساسية لألسئلة مع االنتباه إلى أن المثبت يصبح منفي
. والعكس صحيح
منفي ؟, مثبت-
مثبت ؟, منفي-
do –does- did عند عدم وجود الفعل المساعد نلجأ إلى-
He is lazy, isn't he ?
They have gone to Paris ,haven't they ?
They play tennis ,don't they?
:الشواذ
1-let's -------shall we?
2-I'm --------aren't I ?
3-come /don't come ------will you ?
4-I'm not -------am I ?
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Match these sentence beginnings a–e with the correct endings 1–5 below.
a I can only just hear your voice – ...
b If you want to stop other people using your phone, ...
c I don’t recognise the ringtone, ...
d My friends live in a mountainous part of the country ...
e The battery in my phone is flat – ...
1 don’t tell anyone your security number.
2 so I know it’s not my phone I can hear.
3 I’ll have to recharge it.
4 where there’s a very weak signal.
5 you’re beginning to break up.
Answers : a 5 b1 c2 d4 e3
Complete sentences a–d using verbs and nouns from the box.
leave send an email a fax a message (for someone) a text message
a Hassan wasn’t in, so I ………..for him on his answerphone.
b Rasha ………..Reem …………….yesterday, but Reem hasn’t emailed her back.
c Maher didn’t answer his mobile, so I ………….him………. . He’s just texted back.
d If he needs the document now and he hasn’t got email, you could………… him a…………. .
Complete these conversations with the present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.
a Mother I (1) ………. (not see) you all morning. What (2) ………(you do)?
Daughter Most of the time, I (3) ………(do) my homework, but I (4)………. (also write)
emails to three of my friends.
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b Father (1) …………….(you see) my mobile? I (2)………. (look for) it for nearly an hour.
Son (3) …………(you try) ringing it from another phone?
Father Yes, I (4) ……….(ring) it three or four times.
c Mother You look really tired.
Daughter I feel tired. I (1)………. (revise) for a geography test that I have at school
tomorrow.
Mother What (2)…………. (you study) in geography recently?
Daughter We (3) ………..(learn) about the effects of pollution on rivers and seas.
Mother That sounds interesting.
Daughter Yes, I (4) ……….(find) it very interesting.
Copy and complete these sentences with the correct question tag.
a Email is quicker than traditional letters, ………..?
b But real letters show you care, …………?
c You don’t have to make an effort to write an email, ………..?
d Your aunt lives in the Netherlands, ………..?
e The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea, …………….?
f In the past, the Chinese wrote with a brush and ink, ………..?
g Scribes were professional writers,………….. ?
h You’ve been talking to someone on the phone, …………?
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d What is the correct word for a thin piece of cheese?
e What do you use to paint with?
f What is the word for liquid that comes out of a pen when we write?
g What do you talk into when you speak on a phone?
Copy and complete these sentences with the correct form of these verbs.
communicate draw paint record represent scratch
a In the earliest stages of writing, scribes …………marks on clay with reeds.
b The symbol £………… ‘sterling’ or ‘pounds’.
c Writing began as a way of …………information for the future.
d These days more people………… by email than by traditional letters.
e Before they start ……….., artists sometimes…………. a picture with a pencil.
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MODULE 4
Unit 10 Accidents
-Guess which definition matches each picture above and write the letter.
1 a special lid on medicine bottles that prevents children from getting the medicine inside.
2 a fire-protection device that automatically detects and gives a warning of the presence of
smoke.
3 a cloth canopy that fills with air and allows a person or heavy object attached to it to descend
slowly and safely when dropped from an aircraft.
4 a safety device fitted inside a road vehicle, consisting of a cushion designed to inflate rapidly
in the event of a crash.
5 a protective covering fitting over the whole face.
6 a belt or strap in a vehicle or aircraft that secures a person to prevent injury.
7 a safety device in an electrical plug consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an
electric circuit if the current becomes too large.
8 a system of belts, ropes or restraints to hold a person to prevent falling or injury.
9 a thin glass instrument for measuring and indicating temperature.
Complete these lists of nouns and verbs with words from the article.
Nouns Verbs
a decrease =decrease
b disappearance =disappear
c escape =escape
d invention invent
e prevention =prevent
f protection =protect
g treatment treat
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Inventions that keep us secure
Airbags
Airbags protect car drivers and passengers if they are involved in an accident. Most modern
cars have a driver’s airbag in the steering wheel, and another for the front seat passenger.
Some cars also have side airbags fitted in the seats, and a few even have airbags which are
released from behind the driver to protect people in the back seats.
Airbags inflate in less than a second when a car collides with something solid, like another
vehicle or a building. They cushion the people in the car and stop them from bumping into
dangerous objects such as the steering wheel. Since cars have had airbags, the number of
serious car injuries has decreased dramatically.
Smoke alarms
In the past, before the invention of smoke alarms, many people died in their homes, not
because of flames, but because they inhaled lethal smoke while they were sleeping. This is
because most fires happen at night. However, it is now possible for people to buy inexpensive
smoke alarms which they can fit themselves. Like alarm clocks, they are loud enough to wake
sleepers and give them enough time to escape. The best place for a smoke alarm is at the top of
stairs or in halls and corridors. Some smoke alarms are so sensitive that fumes from cooking
can activate them, so they should not be installed in or near kitchens.
Vaccinations
A vaccination is a medical treatment which can prevent people from catching serious diseases
and stop these diseases from spreading to large numbers of people. Many childhood diseases,
which were common in the past, have disappeared because of the mass vaccination of babies.
20 When doctors vaccinate people, they are infecting them with a very weak solution of the
disease they want to prevent. This helps the body to fight the disease in the future. Many
vaccinations last for a whole lifetime.
New words
آمن Secure شارك Involved توجيه –قيادة Steering
عجلة Wheel مقعد Seat مسافر Passenger
حقيبة حماية السيارةAirbag يحرر Release يمأل بالهواء Inflate
يتصادم –يتعارضCollide صلب Solid مركبة Vehicle
وسادة –يمهد الصدمةCushion يصطدم –يرتطم Bumping آضرار Injuries
ينقص Decrease لهيب –ألسنة النار Flames يستنشق Inhale
مهلك –مميت Lethal لقاح Vaccination يمنع Prevent
مرض Disease منتشر Spreading طفولة Childhood
يختفي Disappear عدوى Infecting
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Answer these questions in your notebook.
a Who do car airbags protect?
b Why are various types of airbag needed?
c Where is the best position in a house or flat for smoke alarms?
d Why are smoke alarms accessible to everyone?
e How have some common childhood diseases disappeared?
Answers :
a car drivers and passengers
b because of the different positions of passengers, and the different types of car crashes
c at the top of the stairs or in halls and corridors
d they are an inexpensive way to protect against fire in any home, and can be fitted by anyone
e through mass vaccination
What do the underlined words in these sentences from the article refer to?
a Some cars also have side airbags fitted in the seats, and a few even have airbags… (line 3)
b … but because they inhaled lethal smoke… (line 10)
c Like alarm clocks, they are loud enough… (line 13)
d Many childhood diseases, which were common in the past… (line 19)
e When doctors vaccinate people, they are infecting them… (line 20)
Answers: a cars
b people who died
c smoke alarms
d childhood diseases
e doctors, people
Answers: a 2 b4 c1 d5 e3
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Grammar
Should +V( infinitive) Should +have +p.p
تستخدم لتدل على نصيحة عامة في الزمن- تستخدم لتدل على نصيحة أو نقد في الزمن-
) الحاضر أو المستقبل (يمكن ان تتحقق ) الماضي (اليمكن أن يتحقق أو يحدث
Answers: 1 The fisherman should have told someone where he was going.
The fisherman should have cut his fishing line when the fish pulled him.
2 He shouldn’t have been thinking about the weekend.
He shouldn’t have been driving so fast.
He should have concentrated on the road.
He should have driven more slowly.
3 He shouldn’t have waved to his friend.
He should have watched what he was doing.
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Grammar
Adjectives Nouns
ful → helpful : نهايات الصفات -dom كل كلمة تنتهي بـ: نهايات األسماء
able→ portable -ment –tion –sion –ity –ship –
ous→ famous . ً وتكون الكلمة اسماness
ible→ visible E.g. : decision –treatment –
cal → spherical ability –freedom –friendship –
y→ rainy existence .
less→ treeless
Grammar
man →men woman →women foot→ feet : الجمع الشاذ
Fish → fish tooth → teeth child → children
Mouse →mice person→ people sheep→ sheep deer→ deer
a Copy and complete these sentences with correct plurals of the nouns in brackets.
1 Some (person)………… are afraid of (mouse)…………….
2 Three (man) …………and their (wife) …………were injured in the accident.
3 Some (child)………… forget to clean their (tooth)………… before they go to bed.
4 The (woman) …………..of the village looked after the (sheep)……………. .
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Answers: 1 people, mice
2 men, wives
3 children, teeth
4 women, sheep
Answers : a 3 b5 c4 d2 e1
Grammar
:تقسم األفعال باللغة االنكليزية إلى نوعين
. ( (وهي األفعال التي ال نتحرك عند القيام بها )تستخدم مع الزمن البسيط والمستمرstate verbs ( أفعال ساكنة
. ((وهي األفعال التي نتحرك عند القيام بها ) تستخدم مع الزمن البسيط فقطdynamic verbs ( أفعال حركية
-NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS)( األفعال التي ال تستخدم في األزمنة المستمرة
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*يشم
(5) Other يبدوseem يكلفcost يكونbe* يتكونconsist of
existing * ينظر, يبدوlook* يدينowe (يستخدم في المستمر من
states يبدوappear* يزنweigh* ً ً
استخداما خاصا يلحق يحتويcontain
*يظهر *يوزن ).شرحه و إيضاحه يتضمنinclude
يكون, يتواجدexist
. األفعال اإلنكليزية التي ترافقها نجمة* تستخدم بالمعنى العربي الذي ترافقه نجمة* في األزمنة المستمرة:مالحظة
NONPROGRESSIIVE PROGRESSIVE
(existing state) (activity in progress)
) يظن(غير مستمرThink I think he is a kind man. I am thinking about this
)يفكر (مستمر grammar.
) يملك (غير مستمرHave He has a car. I am having trouble.
) يعاني (مستمر,يمضي She is having a good time.
) يبدو الطعم (غير مستمرTaste This food tastes good. The chef is tasting the
)يتذوق (مستمر
ّ sauce.
) تبدو الرائحة(غير مستمرSmell These flowers smell good. Don is smelling the
)يشم (مستمر roses.
) يرى (غير مستمرSee I see a butterfly. The doctor is seeing a
>يفحص <الطبيب,يزور Do you see it? patient.
)(مستمر
) يبدو الملمس (غير مستمرFeel The cat’s fur feels soft. Sue is feeling the cat’s
)يلمس (مستمر fur.
) يبدو للنظر (غير مستمرLook She looks cold. I am looking out the
)ينظر (مستمر I’ll lend her my coat. window.
) يبدو (غير مستمرAppear He appears to be asleep. The actor is appearing
)يظهر<بعد اختفاء> (مستمر on the stage.
) يزن(غير مستمرWeigh A piano is heavy. It weighs The grocer is weighing
)يوزن (مستمر a lot. the bananas.
) يكون (غير مستمرBe I am hungry. Tom is being foolish.
. توم يتحامق
Complete sentences a–c using the words and phrases you used to label the illustrations.
Chimney exhaust fumes factory landfill site smoke vehicle waste
a Look at that factory. There’s black…….. coming from its……….. , 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week.
b ………………..from buses, taxis, lorries and other can make it difficult for people to breathe.
c There’s a ……………on the outskirts of our city where they take people’s household ……….
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a Use a word from List A and another from List B to form compound nouns. A B
1 animal change
2 climate chimney
3 global fumes
4 factory habitat
5 exhaust warming
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New words
Threats تهديدات Avoid يتجنب Floods فيضانات
Volcano بركان Erupt يثور Dam سد
Generate يولد Drought جفاف Tide المد والجزر
Earthquake زلزال Shakes اهتزاز Reduce يقلل
Impact تأثير Natural disasters الكوارث الطبيعية
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Answers: a Rain falling on hills runs into rivers and raises the water level.
b It had to be built in a river where the water level was constantly rising and falling
with the tides.
c Earthquakes are sometimes too powerful.
d Non-rigid materials, for example rubber, wood, some plastics, etc.
Match these verbs from the article with their correct meanings.
a avoid 1 think of, plan and draw
b erupt 2 produce / make / create
c generate 3 explode / throw out rock
d collect 4 escape
e protect 5 hold and save
f design 6 make safe / guard
Answers : a 4 b3 c2 d5 e6 f1
Grammar
Reported Speech
:لتحويل الجملة من الكالم المباشر إلى الكالم المنقول نجري التغيرات التالية
:الزمن-1
مضارع بسيط ← ماضي بسيط-1
مضارع مستمر ← ماضي مستمر-2
← ماضي تام مضارع تام-3
← ماضي تام ماضي بسيط-4
could-would ← can -will -5
:تغيير الضمير-2
I ➞ he / she / it
we ➞ they
Fatima: ‘I want to go skiing this winter.’
Fatima said (that) she wanted to go skiing that winter.
Ali: ‘We are having a picnic on Friday.’
Ali said (that) they were having a picnic on Friday.
Samira: ‘Ali, I’m sorry about what happened.’
Samira told Ali that she was sorry about what had happened.
Samira said to Ali that she was sorry about what had happened.
:*تحويل الجملة االستفهامية إلى الكالم المنقول
نطبق نفس القواعد السابقة في تغيير الزمن والضمير والصفات الملكية والظروف الزمنية أيضا ً على الجملة االستفهامية
. فنحذفهمDo-Does-Did أما بالنسبة إلى. باإلضافة إلى إزالة االستفهام وذلك بإرجاع التبديل.
-He asked me "Why are you lazy"
He asked me why I was lazy.
‘What are you going to do after school?’
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She wanted to know what I was going to do after school.
In Yes / No questions, use ask / wanted to know + if or whether.
‘Did you enjoy the class?’
She asked me if / whether I had enjoyed the class.
She wanted to know if / whether I had enjoyed the class.
:تغيير الظروف الزمنية وأسماء اإلشارة
Now----then
Today----that day
Yesterday-----the day before
Tomorrow-----the next day
Last week-----the week before
للمفردThis---that
للجمعThese-----those
Report these things that people said. Copy and complete the sentences.
a ‘My house is near the river.’
b ‘They’re building flood defences.’ Mazen said that they ...
c ‘The river flooded the town last week.’ Asma said that ...
d ‘The water came into my house.’ Rana said that ...
e ‘They built the hotel on springs.’ The journalist said that ...
Answers : a Omar said that his house was near the river.
b ...were building flood defences.
c ...the river had flooded the town the week before.
d ...the water had come into her house.
e ...they had built the hotel on springs.
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c “My father woke me early in the morning because the house was full of water.”
d “I looked after my baby brother while my parents carried all the furniture
upstairs.”
e “I and my family spent a night on the roof of our house and nobody rescued us
until the next day.”
f “I have been staying with my aunt since the flood.”
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Are the verbs in these sentences right or wrong? Rewrite the incorrect sentences.
a Scientists are believing that Earth is getting warmer.
b My friends and I are thinking that ‘protected areas’ in Syria are a good idea.
c She is expecting an email about the job she applied for.
d Syrians have good habits when it comes to protecting the environment.
e Most people aren’t knowing very much about the environment.
f Experts are thinking that pollution is getting worse.
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Copy and complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters.
a It’s………….. to drive fast in the town centre. DANGER
b ……………….drivers don’t have accidents. CARE
c The fire in the shop was…………… . Nobody started it. ACCIDENT
d Don’t drink that stuff. It’s………………. . POISON
e It’s the……………. of parents to make sure their children are safe. RESPONSIBLE
f Earthquakes are examples of…………… disasters. NATURE
g Cars and other vehicles cause…………. . POLLUTE
h ……………….warming is leading to climate change. GLOBE
Good luck
Teacher: Sheghaf Showman
مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية
www.eschoolsy.net
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