Java Networking

Java Applet
Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the webpage to generate the
dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and works at client side.
Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:
o It works at client side so less response time.
o Secured
o It can be executed by browsers running under many plateforms, including Linux,
Windows, MacOs etc.
Drawback of Applet
o Plugin is required at client browser to execute applet.
Hierarchy of Applet
As displayed in the above diagram, Applet class extends Panel. Panel class extends Container
which is the subclass of Component.
Lifecycle of Java Applet

1. Applet is initialized.
2. Applet is started.
3. Applet is painted.
4. Applet is stopped.
5. Applet is destroyed.
 Lifecycle methods for Applet:
The java.applet.Applet class 4 life cycle methods and java.awt.Component class provides
1 life cycle methods for an applet.
 java.applet.Applet class
For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class must be inherited. It provides 4 life cycle
methods of applet.
1. public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked only once.
2. public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or browser is maximized. It is
used to start the Applet.
3. public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked when Applet is stop or
browser is minimized.
4. public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is invoked only once.
 java.awt.Component class
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.
1. public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet. It provides Graphics
class object that can be used for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.
Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 1

Who is responsible to manage the life cycle of an applet?
Java Plug-in software.
How to run an Applet?
There are two ways to run an applet
1. By html file.
2. By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).
Simple example of Applet by html file:
To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it. After that create an html
file and place the applet code in html file. Now click the html file.
//First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet{
public void paint(Graphics g){

g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
}
}
Note: class must be public because its object is created by Java Plugin
software that resides on the browser.
//myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
Simple example of Applet by appletviewer tool:

To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, create an applet that contains applet tag in
comment and compile it. After that run it by: appletviewer First.java. Now Html file is not
required but it is for testing purpose only.
//First.java
public class First extends Applet{

g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
}
}
/*
<applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
*/
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, write in command prompt:
c:\>javac First.java
c:\>appletviewer First.java

Displaying Graphics in Applet
java.awt.Graphics class provides many methods for graphics programming.
Commonly used methods of Graphics class:
1. public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y): is used to draw the
specified string.
2. public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): draws a rectangle with
the specified width and height.
3. public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill
rectangle with the default color and specified width and height.
4. public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to draw
oval with the specified width and height.
5. public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill oval
with the default color and specified width and height.
6. public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): is used to draw line
between the points(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
7. public abstract booleandrawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver
observer): is used draw the specified image.
8. public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, intstartAngle,
intarcAngle): is used draw a circular or elliptical arc.
9. public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, intstartAngle,
intarcAngle): is used to fill a circular or elliptical arc.
10. public abstract void setColor(Color c): is used to set the graphics current color to
the specified color.
11. public abstract void setFont(Font font): is used to set the graphics current font to
the specified font.
//Set Background Color Of an Applet Window Example

importjava.applet.Applet;
importjava.awt.Color;
importjava.awt.Graphics;
public class SetBackgroundColorExample extends Applet{
setBackground(Color.red);
}
}
//Draw Line in Applet Window Example

public class DrawLineExample extends Applet
{ public void paint(Graphics g)
{
//this will draw a line between (10,10) and (50,50) coordinates.
g.drawLine(10,10,50,50);
//draw vertical line

g.drawLine(10,50,10,100);
//draw horizontal line

g.drawLine(10,10,50,10);
}
}

//Set Foreground Color Of an Applet Window Example
public class SetForegroundColorExample extends Applet{
setForeground(Color.red);
g.drawString("Foreground color set to red", 50, 50);
}
}
//Draw Smiley In Applet Example
importjava.awt.*;
importjava.applet.*;
public class Smiley extends Applet{
Font f = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD,20);

g.setFont(f);
g.drawString("Keep Smiling!!!", 50, 30);
g.drawOval(60, 60, 200, 200);
g.fillOval(90, 120, 50, 20);
g.fillOval(190, 120, 50, 20);
g.drawLine(165, 125, 165, 175);
g.drawArc(110, 130, 95, 95, 0, -180);
}
}
//Resize Applet Window Example
public class ResizeAppletWindowExample extends Applet{
resize(300,300);
g.drawString("Window has been resized to 300,300", 50, 50);
}
}
//Draw Arc in Applet Window Example
public class DrawArcExample extends Applet{
//set color to red

//this will draw an arc of width 50 & height 100 at (10,10)

g.drawArc(10,10,50,100,10,45);
//draw filled arc

g.fillArc(100,10,100,100,0,90);
}
}
//Draw Oval & Circle in Applet Window Example
import java.awt.Color;
public class DrawOvalsExample extends Applet

{
//set color to red
//this will draw a oval of width 50 & height 100 at (10,10)

g.drawOval(10,10,50,100);
//draw filled oval

g.fillOval(100,20,50,100);
}
}
//Set Status Message in Applet Window Example

public class SetStatusMessageExample extends Applet{
//this will be displayed inside an applet

g.drawString("Show Status Example", 50, 50);
//this will be displayed in a status bar of an applet window

showStatus("This is a status message of an applet window");
}
}
//Using Applet dimension to print center aligned text Example
importjava.awt.Dimension;
importjava.awt.Font;
importjava.awt.FontMetrics;
public class AppletDimensionExample extends Applet{

intx,y;
String s = "Hello World";
//get applet size using getSize method

Dimension d = getSize();
Font f = new Font("Arial",Font.BOLD,24);
g.setFont(f);
//determine x and y coordinates

FontMetricsfm = g.getFontMetrics();
x = d.width/2 - fm.stringWidth(s)/2;
y = d.height/2 - fm.getHeight();
//print string at specified location using drawString method

g.drawString(s,x,y);
}
}
//Get Applet Directory URL or Code Base Example
import java.net.URL;
/*
<applet code="GetCodeBaseExample" width=200 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class GetCodeBaseExample extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
URL appletDir = getCodeBase();

g.drawString(appletDir.toString(), 50, 50);
}}
Example of Graphics in applet:
import java.awt.*;
public class GraphicsDemo extends Applet
{ g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("Welcome",50, 50);
g.drawLine(20,30,20,300);
g.drawRect(70,100,30,30);
g.fillRect(170,100,30,30);
g.drawOval(70,200,30,30);
g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillOval(170,200,30,30);
g.drawArc(90,150,30,30,30,270);
g.fillArc(270,150,30,30,0,180);
}
}
/*<applet code="GraphicsDemo.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>*/

Displaying Image in Applet
Applet is mostly used in games and animation. For this purpose image is required to be
displayed. The java.awt.Graphics class provide a method drawImage() to display the image.
Syntax of drawImage() method:
1. public abstract booleandrawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver

observer): is used draw the specified image.
How to get the object of Image:
The java.applet.Applet class provides getImage() method that returns the object of Image.
Syntax:
1. public Image getImage(URL u, String image){}
Other required methods of Applet class to display image:
1. public URL getDocumentBase(): is used to return the URL of the document in which
applet is embedded.
2. public URL getCodeBase(): is used to return the base URL.
Example of displaying image in applet:
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class DisplayImage extends Applet
{
Image picture;
public void init()

{
picture = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"abc.jpg");
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawImage(picture, 30,30, this);
}
}
/*<applet code="DisplayImage.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet> */
In the above example, drawImage() method of Graphics class is used to display the
image.The 4th argument of drawImage() method of is ImageObserver object. The
Component class implements ImageObserver interface. So current class object would
also be treated as ImageObserver because Applet class indirectly extends the Component
class.
Animation in Applet
Applet is mostly used in games and animation. For this purpose image is required to be
moved.
Example of animation in applet:
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class AnimationExample extends Applet
{
Image picture;
public void init()

{
picture =getImage(getDocumentBase(),"bike_1.gif");
}
public void paint(Graphics g)

{
for(int i=0;i<500;i++)
{
g.drawImage(picture, i,30, this);
try{Thread.sleep(100);}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
}
/*<applet code="DisplayImage.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet> */
In the above example, drawImage() method of Graphics class is used to display the image.
The 4th argument of drawImage() method of is ImageObserver object. The Component
class implements ImageObserver interface. So current class object would also be treated
as ImageObserver because Applet class indirectly extends the Component class.

Java AWT
Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop GUI or window-based
applications in java.
Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components are displayed
according to the view of operating system. AWT is heavyweight i.e. its components
are using the resources of OS.
The java.awt package provides classes for AWT api such as TextField, Label,
TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc.
Java AWT Hierarchy

The hierarchy of Java AWT classes are given below.
Container
The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another components like
buttons, textfields, labels etc. The classes that extends Container class are known
as container such as Frame, Dialog and Panel.
Window
The window is the container that have no borders and menu bars. You must use
frame, dialog or another window for creating a window.
Panel
The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and menu bars. It can have
other components like button, textfield etc.
Frame
The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can
have other components like button, textfield etc.
Useful Methods of Component class
Method Description
public void add(Component c) inserts a component on this component.
public void setSize(int width,int sets the size (width and height) of the
height) component.
public void defines the layout manager for the
setLayout(LayoutManager m) component.
public void setVisible(boolean changes the visibility of the component, by
status) default false.

Java AWT Example
To create simple awt example, you need a frame. There are two ways to create a
frame in AWT.
 By extending Frame class (inheritance)
 By creating the object of Frame class (association)
AWT Example by Inheritance
Let's see a simple example of AWT where we are inheriting Frame class. Here, we
are showing Button component on the Frame.
import java.awt.*;
class First extends Frame
{
First()
{
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);// setting button position
add(b);//adding button into frame
setSize(300,300);//frame size 300 width and 300 height
setLayout(null);//no layout manager
setVisible(true);//now frame will be visible, by default not visible
}
public static void main(String args[]){
First f=new First();
}
}
The setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height) method is used in the
above example that sets the position of the awt button.
AWT Example by Association
Let's see a simple example of AWT where we are creating instance of Frame class.
Here, we are showing Button component on the Frame.
import java.awt.*;
class First2{
First2(){
Frame f=new Frame();
b.setBounds(30,50,80,30);
f.add(b);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
First2 f=new First2();
}}
Java GUI Event Handling
Any program that uses GUI (graphical user interface) such as Java
application written for windows, is event driven. Event describes the change
in state of any object. For Example : Pressing a button, Entering a
character in Textbox, Clicking or Dragging a mouse, etc.
Components of Event Handling

Event handling has three main components,
 Events : An event is a change in state of an object.
 Events Source : Event source is an object that generates an event.
 Listeners : A listener is an object that listens to the event. A listener
gets notified when an event occurs.
How Events are handled?

A source generates an Event and send it to one or more listeners registered
with the source. Once event is received by the listener, they process the
event and then return. Events are supported by a number of Java packages,
like java.util, java.awt and java.awt.event.
Important Event Classes and Interface
Event Classes Description Listener Interface
ActionEvent generated when button is pressed, ActionListener

menu-item is selected, list-item is
double clicked
MouseEvent generated when mouse is dragged, MouseListener

moved,clicked,pressed or released
and also when it enters or exit a
component
KeyEvent generated when input is received KeyListener

from keyboard
ItemEvent generated when check-box or list ItemListener

item is clicked
TextEvent generated when value of textarea TextListener

or textfield is changed
MouseWheelEvent generated when mouse wheel is MouseWheelListener

moved
WindowEvent generated when window is WindowListener

activated, deactivated, deiconified,
iconified, opened or closed
ComponentEvent generated when component is ComponentEventListener

hidden, moved, resized or set
visible
ContainerEvent generated when component is ContainerListener

added or removed from container
AdjustmentEvent generated when scroll bar is AdjustmentListener

manipulated
FocusEvent generated when component gains FocusListener

or loses keyboard focus
Java Event Handling Code

We can put the event handling code into one of the following places:
1. Within class
2. Other class
3. Anonymous class
Java event handling by implementing ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class AEvent extends Frame implements ActionListener{
TextField tf;
AEvent(){
//create components
tf=new TextField();
tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);
b.setBounds(100,120,80,30);
//register listener
b.addActionListener(this);//passing current instance
//add components and set size, layout and visibility

add(b);add(tf);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
tf.setText("Welcome");
}
new AEvent();
}
}
public void setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height); have been
used in the above example that sets the position of the component it may be
button, textfield etc.
2) Java event handling by outer class
import java.awt.*;
class AEvent2 extends Frame{
TextField tf;
AEvent2(){
//create components
tf=new TextField();
b.setBounds(100,120,80,30);
//register listener
Outer o=new Outer(this);
b.addActionListener(o);//passing outer class instance
//add components and set size, layout and visibility
add(b);add(tf);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
new AEvent2();
}
}
class Outer implements ActionListener{
AEvent2 obj;
Outer(AEvent2 obj){
this.obj=obj;
}
obj.tf.setText("welcome");
}
}
3) Java event handling by anonymous class

import java.awt.*;
class AEvent3 extends Frame{
TextField tf;
AEvent3(){
tf=new TextField();
b.setBounds(50,120,80,30);
b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(){
tf.setText("hello");
}
});
add(b);add(tf);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
new AEvent3();
} }
Java AWT Button
The button class is used to create a labeled button that has platform independent
implementation. The application result in some action when the button is pushed.
AWT Button Class declaration
1. public class Button extends Component implements Accessible
Java AWT Button Example
import java.awt.*;
public class ButtonExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame f=new Frame("Button Example");
Button b=new Button("Click Here");
b.setBounds(50,100,80,30);
f.add(b);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Java AWT Button Example with ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
Frame f=new Frame("Button Example");
final TextField tf=new TextField();
tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);
Button b=new Button("Click Here");
b.setBounds(50,100,60,30);
tf.setText("Welcome to Javatpoint.");
}
});
f.add(b);f.add(tf);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Java AWT Label
The object of Label class is a component for placing text in a container. It is used to
display a single line of read only text. The text can be changed by an application
but a user cannot edit it directly.
AWT Label Class Declaration
1. public class Label extends Component implements Accessible
Java Label Example
import java.awt.*;
class LabelExample{
Frame f= new Frame("Label Example");
Label l1,l2;
l1=new Label("First Label.");
l1.setBounds(50,100, 100,30);
l2=new Label("Second Label.");
l2.setBounds(50,150, 100,30);
f.add(l1); f.add(l2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Java AWT Label Example with ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
public class LabelExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{
TextField tf; Label l; Button b;
LabelExample(){
tf=new TextField();
tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);
l=new Label();
l.setBounds(50,100, 250,20);
b=new Button("Find IP");
b.setBounds(50,150,60,30);
b.addActionListener(this);
add(b);add(tf);add(l);
setSize(400,400);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
try{
String host=tf.getText();
String ip=java.net.InetAddress.getByName(host).getHostAddress();
l.setText("IP of "+host+" is: "+ip);
}catch(Exception ex){System.out.println(ex);}
}
new LabelExample();
}
}

Java AWT TextField
The object of a TextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a
single line text. It inherits TextComponent class.
AWT TextField Class Declaration
1. public class TextField extends TextComponent
Java AWT TextField Example
import java.awt.*;
class TextFieldExample{
Frame f= new Frame("TextField Example");
TextField t1,t2;
t1=new TextField("Welcome to Javatpoint.");
t1.setBounds(50,100, 200,30);
t2=new TextField("AWT Tutorial");
t2.setBounds(50,150, 200,30);
f.add(t1); f.add(t2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Java AWT TextField Example with ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
public class TextFieldExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{
TextField tf1,tf2,tf3;
Button b1,b2;
TextFieldExample(){
tf1=new TextField();
tf1.setBounds(50,50,150,20);
tf2.setBounds(50,100,150,20);
tf3.setBounds(50,150,150,20);
tf3.setEditable(false);
b1=new Button("+");
b1.setBounds(50,200,50,50);
b2=new Button("-");
b2.setBounds(120,200,50,50);
b1.addActionListener(this);
add(tf1);add(tf2);add(tf3);add(b1);add(b2);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
String s1=tf1.getText();
int a=Integer.parseInt(s1);
int b=Integer.parseInt(s2);
int c=0;
if(e.getSource()==b1){
c=a+b;
}else if(e.getSource()==b2){
c=a-b;
}
String result=String.valueOf(c);
tf3.setText(result);
}
new TextFieldExample();
}
}
Java AWT TextArea
The object of a TextArea class is a multi line region that displays text. It allows the
editing of multiple line text. It inherits TextComponent class.
AWT TextArea Class Declaration
1. public class TextArea extends TextComponent
Java AWT TextArea Example
import java.awt.*;
public class TextAreaExample
{
TextAreaExample(){
Frame f= new Frame();
TextArea area=new TextArea("Welcome to javatpoint");
area.setBounds(10,30, 300,300);
f.add(area);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new TextAreaExample(); } }
Java AWT TextArea Example with ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
public class TextAreaExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{
Label l1,l2;
TextArea area;
Button b;
TextAreaExample(){
l1=new Label();
l1.setBounds(50,50,100,30);
l2=new Label();
l2.setBounds(160,50,100,30);
area=new TextArea();
area.setBounds(20,100,300,300);
b=new Button("Count Words");
b.setBounds(100,400,100,30);
add(l1);add(l2);add(area);add(b);
setSize(400,450);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
String text=area.getText();
String words[]=text.split("\\s");
l1.setText("Words: "+words.length);
l2.setText("Characters: "+text.length());
}
new TextAreaExample();
}
}

Java AWT Checkbox
The Checkbox class is used to create a checkbox. It is used to turn an option on
(true) or off (false). Clicking on a Checkbox changes its state from "on" to "off" or
from "off" to "on".
AWT Checkbox Class Declaration
1. public class Checkbox extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Acce
ssible
Java AWT Checkbox Example
import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxExample
{
CheckboxExample(){
Frame f= new Frame("Checkbox Example");
Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("C++");
checkbox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("Java", true);
f.add(checkbox1);
f.add(checkbox2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new CheckboxExample();
}
}
Java AWT Checkbox Example with ItemListener
import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxExample
{
CheckboxExample(){
Frame f= new Frame("CheckBox Example");
final Label label = new Label();
label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
label.setSize(400,100);
Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("C++");
Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("Java");
f.add(checkbox1); f.add(checkbox2); f.add(label);
checkbox1.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
label.setText("C++ Checkbox: "
+ (e.getStateChange()==1?"checked":"unchecked"));
}
});
label.setText("Java Checkbox: "
}
});
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new CheckboxExample();
}
}
Java AWT List
The object of List class represents a list of text items. By the help of list, user can
choose either one item or multiple items. It inherits Component class.
AWT List class Declaration
1. public class List extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible
Java AWT List Example
import java.awt.*;
public class ListExample
{
ListExample(){
List l1=new List(5);
l1.setBounds(100,100, 75,75);
l1.add("Item 1");
l1.add("Item 2");
l1.add("Item 3");
l1.add("Item 4");
l1.add("Item 5");
f.add(l1);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new ListExample();
}
}
Java AWT List Example with ActionListener

import java.awt.*;
public class ListExample
{
ListExample(){
Button b=new Button("Show");
b.setBounds(200,150,80,30);
final List l1=new List(4, false);
l1.setBounds(100,100, 70,70);
l1.add("C");
l1.add("C++");
l1.add("Java");
l1.add("PHP");
final List l2=new List(4, true);
l2.setBounds(100,200, 70,70);
l2.add("Turbo C++");
l2.add("Spring");
l2.add("Hibernate");
l2.add("CodeIgniter");
f.add(l1); f.add(l2); f.add(label); f.add(b);
f.setSize(450,450);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
String data = "Programming language Selected: "+l1.getItem(l1.getSelecte
dIndex());
data += ", Framework Selected:";
for(String frame:l2.getSelectedItems()){
data += frame + " ";
}
label.setText(data);
}
});
}
{
new ListExample();
}
}
Java AWT Scrollbar

The object of Scrollbar class is used to add horizontal and vertical scrollbar.
Scrollbar is a GUI component allows us to see invisible number of rows and
columns.
AWT Scrollbar class declaration
1. public class Scrollbar extends Component implements Adjustable, Accessibl
e
Java AWT Scrollbar Example
import java.awt.*;
class ScrollbarExample{
ScrollbarExample(){
Frame f= new Frame("Scrollbar Example");
Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();
s.setBounds(100,100, 50,100);
f.add(s);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
new ScrollbarExample();
}
}
Java AWT Scrollbar Example with AdjustmentListener
import java.awt.*;
class ScrollbarExample{
ScrollbarExample(){
Frame f= new Frame("Scrollbar Example");
final Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();
s.setBounds(100,100, 50,100);
f.add(s);f.add(label);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
s.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener() {
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {
label.setText("Vertical Scrollbar value is:"+ s.getValue());
}
});
}
new ScrollbarExample();
}
}
Java AWT Panel
The Panel is a simplest container class. It provides space in which an application
can attach any other component. It inherits the Container class.
It doesn't have title bar.
AWT Panel class declaration
1. public class Panel extends Container implements Accessible
Java AWT Panel Example
import java.awt.*;
public class PanelExample {
PanelExample()
{
Frame f= new Frame("Panel Example");
Panel panel=new Panel();
panel.setBounds(40,80,200,200);
panel.setBackground(Color.gray);
Button b1=new Button("Button 1");
b1.setBounds(50,100,80,30);
b1.setBackground(Color.yellow);
Button b2=new Button("Button 2");
b2.setBounds(100,100,80,30);
b2.setBackground(Color.green);
panel.add(b1); panel.add(b2);
f.add(panel);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new PanelExample();
}
}
Java AWT Dialog
The Dialog control represents a top level window with a border and a title used to
take some form of input from the user. It inherits the Window class.
Unlike Frame, it doesn't have maximize and minimize buttons.
Frame vs Dialog
Frame and Dialog both inherits Window class. Frame has maximize and minimize
buttons but Dialog doesn't have.
AWT Dialog class declaration
1. public class Dialog extends Window
Java AWT Dialog Example
import java.awt.*;
public class DialogExample {
private static Dialog d;
DialogExample() {
d = new Dialog(f , "Dialog Example", true);
d.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
Button b = new Button ("OK");
b.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
{
DialogExample.d.setVisible(false);
}
});
d.add( new Label ("Click button to continue."));
d.add(b);
d.setSize(300,300);
d.setVisible(true);
}
{
new DialogExample();
}
}
Write a program to create simple calculator by using AWT controls

import java.awt.*;
public class calculator implements ActionListener
{
int c,n;
String s1,s2,s3,s4,s5;
Frame f;
Button
b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8,b9,b10,b11,b12,b13,b14,b15,b16,b17;
Panel p;
TextField tf;
GridLayout g;
calculator()
{
f = new Frame("My calculator");
p = new Panel();
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
b1 = new Button("0");
b11 = new Button("+");
b12 = new Button("-");
b13 = new Button("*");
b14 = new Button("/");
b15 = new Button("%");
b16 = new Button("=");
b17 = new Button("C");
tf = new TextField(20);
f.add(tf);
g = new GridLayout(4,4,10,20);
p.setLayout(g);
p.add(b1);p.add(b2);p.add(b3);p.add(b4);p.add(b5);p.add(b6);p.a
dd(b7);p.add(b8);p.add(b9);
p.add(b10);p.add(b11);p.add(b12);p.add(b13);p.add(b14);p.add(
b15);p.add(b16);p.add(b17);
f.add(p);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{ if(e.getSource()==b1)
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "0";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
if(e.getSource()==b2)
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "1";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "2";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}if(e.getSource()==b4)
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "3";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "4";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "5";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "6";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "7";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "8";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s3 = tf.getText();
s4 = "9";
s5 = s3+s4;
tf.setText(s5);
}
{
s1 = tf.getText();
tf.setText("");
c=1;
}
{
s1 = tf.getText();
tf.setText("");
c=2;
}
{
s1 = tf.getText();
tf.setText("");
c=3;
}
{
s1 = tf.getText();
tf.setText("");
c=4;
}
{
s1 = tf.getText();
tf.setText("");
c=5;
}
{
s2 = tf.getText();
if(c==1)
{
n=
Integer.parseInt(s1)+Integer.parseInt(s2);
tf.setText(String.valueOf(n));
}
else
if(c==2)
{
n = Integer.parseInt(s1)-
Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
else
if(c==3)
{
n=
Integer.parseInt(s1)*Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
if(c==4)
{
try
{
int p=Integer.parseInt(s2);
if(p!=0)
{
n=
Integer.parseInt(s1)/Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
else
tf.setText("infinite");
}
catch(Exception i){}
}
if(c==5)
{
n=
Integer.parseInt(s1)%Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
}
{
tf.setText("");
}
}
public static void main(String[] abc)

{
calculator v = new calculator();
}
}
List
The List represents a list of text items. The list can be configured to that user can
choose either one item or multiple items.
Following is the declaration for java.awt.List class:Class constructors
S.N. Constructor & Description
List() Creates a new scrolling list.
List(int rows) Creates a new scrolling list initialized with the specified
number of visible lines.
List(int rows, boolean multipleMode) Creates a new scrolling list
initialized to display the specified number of rows.
Method & Description
void add(String item) Adds the specified item to the end of scrolling list.
void add(String item, int index) Adds the specified item to the the
scrolling list at the position indicated by the index.
String getItem(int index) Gets the item associated with the specified index.
int getItemCount() Gets the number of items in the list.
int getRows() Gets the number of visible lines in this list.
int getSelectedIndex() Gets the index of the selected item on the list,
int[] getSelectedIndexes() Gets the selected indexes on the list.
String getSelectedItem() Gets the selected item on this scrolling list.
String[] getSelectedItems() Gets the selected items on this scrolling list.
Object[] getSelectedObjects() Gets the selected items on this scrolling list in
an array of Objects.
void remove(int position) Removes the item at the specified position from
this scrolling list.
void remove(String item) Removes the first occurrence of an item from the
list.
void removeAll() Removes all items from this list.
void select(int index) Selects the item at the specified index in the scrolling
list.
void setMultipleMode(boolean b)
Sets the flag that determines whether this list allows multiple selections.
List Example
Create the following java program using any editor of your choice in say
import java.awt.*;
publicclassAwtControlDemo
{
privateFrame mainFrame;
privateLabel headerLabel;
privateLabel statusLabel;
privatePanel controlPanel;
publicAwtControlDemo()
{
prepareGUI();
}
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){

AwtControlDemo awtControlDemo =newAwtControlDemo();
awtControlDemo.showListDemo();
}
privatevoid prepareGUI(){
mainFrame =newFrame("Java AWT Examples");
mainFrame.setSize(400,400);
mainFrame.setLayout(newGridLayout(3,1));
mainFrame.addWindowListener(newWindowAdapter(){
publicvoid windowClosing(WindowEvent windowEvent){
System.exit(0);
}
});
headerLabel =newLabel();
headerLabel.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
statusLabel =newLabel();
statusLabel.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
statusLabel.setSize(350,100);
controlPanel =newPanel();
controlPanel.setLayout(newFlowLayout());
mainFrame.add(headerLabel);
mainFrame.add(controlPanel);
mainFrame.add(statusLabel);
mainFrame.setVisible(true);
}
privatevoid showListDemo(){
headerLabel.setText("Control in action: List");

finalList fruitList =newList(4,false);
fruitList.add("Apple");
fruitList.add("Grapes");
fruitList.add("Mango");
fruitList.add("Peer");
finalList vegetableList =newList(4,true);
vegetableList.add("Lady Finger");
vegetableList.add("Onion");
vegetableList.add("Potato");
vegetableList.add("Tomato");
Button showButton =newButton("Show");
showButton.addActionListener(newActionListener(){
publicvoid actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

String data ="Fruits Selected: "
+ fruitList.getItem(fruitList.getSelectedIndex());
data +=", Vegetables selected: ";
for(String vegetable:vegetableList.getSelectedItems()){
data += vegetable +" ";
}
statusLabel.setText(data);
}
});
controlPanel.add(fruitList);
controlPanel.add(vegetableList);
controlPanel.add(showButton);
mainFrame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Menu Bar
importjava.awt.*;
importjava.awt.event.*;
importjavax.swing.*;
publicclassJavaMenuBarExample implementsRunnable, ActionListener

{
privateJFrame frame;
privateJMenuBar menuBar;
privateJMenu fileMenu;
privateJMenu editMenu;
privateJMenuItem openMenuItem;
privateJMenuItem cutMenuItem;
privateJMenuItem copyMenuItem;
privateJMenuItem pasteMenuItem;
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)
{
// needed on mac os x
System.setProperty("apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar", "true");
// the proper way to show a jframe (invokeLater)
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(newJavaMenuBarExample());
}
publicvoidrun()
{
frame = newJFrame("Java Menubar Example");
menuBar = newJMenuBar();
// build the File menu
fileMenu = newJMenu("File");
openMenuItem = newJMenuItem("Open");
openMenuItem.addActionListener(this);
fileMenu.add(openMenuItem);
// build the Edit menu
editMenu = newJMenu("Edit");
cutMenuItem = newJMenuItem("Cut");
copyMenuItem = newJMenuItem("Copy");
pasteMenuItem = newJMenuItem("Paste");
editMenu.add(cutMenuItem);
editMenu.add(copyMenuItem);
editMenu.add(pasteMenuItem);
// add menus to menubar
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
menuBar.add(editMenu);
// put the menubar on the frame
frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setPreferredSize(newDimension(400, 300));
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
/**
* This handles the action for the File/Open event, and demonstrates
* the implementation of an ActionListener.
* In a real-world program you'd handle this differently.
*/
publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvent ev)
{
SampleDialog dialog = newSampleDialog();
dialog.setModal(true);
dialog.setVisible(true);
}
/**
* This dialog is displayed when the user selects the File/Open menu item.
*/
privateclassSampleDialog extendsJDialog implementsActionListener
{
privateJButton okButton = newJButton("OK");
privateSampleDialog()
{
super(frame, "Sample Dialog", true);
JPanel panel = newJPanel(newFlowLayout());
panel.add(okButton);
getContentPane().add(panel);
okButton.addActionListener(this);
setPreferredSize(newDimension(300, 200));
pack();
setLocationRelativeTo(frame);
}
publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvent ev)
{
setVisible(false);
}
}
}
LayoutManagers:
The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular manner.
LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented by all the classes of layout
managers. There are following classes that represents the layout managers:
1. java.awt.BorderLayout
2. java.awt.FlowLayout
3. java.awt.GridLayout
4. java.awt.CardLayout
5. java.awt.GridBagLayout
6. javax.swing.BoxLayout
7. javax.swing.GroupLayout
8. javax.swing.ScrollPaneLayout
9. javax.swing.SpringLayout etc.
BorderLayout:
The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions: north, south,
east, west and center. Each region (area) may contain one component only. It is the
default layout of frame or window. The BorderLayout provides five constants for
each region:
1. public static final int NORTH
2. public static final int SOUTH
3. public static final int EAST
4. public static final int WEST
5. public static final int CENTER
Constructors of BorderLayout class:
 BorderLayout(): creates a border layout but with no gaps between the
components.
 JBorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap): creates a border layout with the given
horizontal and vertical gaps between the components.
Example of BorderLayout class:

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Border {
JFrame f;
Border(){
f=new JFrame();
JButton b1=new JButton("NORTH");;
JButton b2=new JButton("SOUTH");;
JButton b3=new JButton("EAST");;
JButton b4=new JButton("WEST");;
JButton b5=new JButton("CENTER");;
f.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
f.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
f.add(b3,BorderLayout.EAST);
f.add(b4,BorderLayout.WEST);
f.add(b5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
new Border();
}
}
GridLayout
The GridLayout is used to arrange the components in rectangular grid. One
component is displayed in each rectangle.
Constructors of GridLayout class:
1. GridLayout(): creates a grid layout with one column per component in a
row.
2. GridLayout(int rows, int columns): creates a grid layout with the given
rows and columns but no gaps between the components.
3. GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int hgap, int vgap): creates a grid
layout with the given rows and columns alongwith given horizontal and
vertical gaps.

Example of GridLayout class:
import java.awt.*;
public class MyGridLayout{
JFrame f;
MyGridLayout(){
f=new JFrame();
JButton b1=new JButton("1");
f.add(b1);f.add(b2);f.add(b3);f.add(b4);f.add(b5);
f.add(b6);f.add(b7);f.add(b8);f.add(b9);
f.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));
//setting grid layout of 3 rows and 3 columns
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
new MyGridLayout();
} }
FlowLayout
The FlowLayout is used to arrange the components in a line, one after another (in a
flow). It is the default layout of applet or panel.
Fields of FlowLayout class:
1. public static final int LEFT
2. public static final int RIGHT
3. public static final int CENTER
4. public static final int LEADING
5. public static final int TRAILING
Constructors of FlowLayout class:
1. FlowLayout(): creates a flow layout with centered alignment and a default 5
unit horizontal and vertical gap.
2. FlowLayout(int align): creates a flow layout with the given alignment and a
default 5 unit horizontal and vertical gap.
3. FlowLayout(int align, int hgap, int vgap): creates a flow layout with the
given alignment and the given horizontal and vertical gap.
Example of FlowLayout class:

import java.awt.*;
public class MyFlowLayout{

JFrame f;
MyFlowLayout(){
f=new JFrame();

f.add(b1);f.add(b2);f.add(b3);f.add(b4);f.add(b5);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
//setting flow layout of right alignment
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
new MyFlowLayout();
}
}
BoxLayout class
The BoxLayout is used to arrange the components either vertically or horizontally.
For this purpose, BoxLayout provides four constants. They are as follows:
Note: BoxLayout class is found in javax.swing package.
Fields of BoxLayout class:
1. public static final int X_AXIS
2. public static final int Y_AXIS
3. public static final int LINE_AXIS
4. public static final int PAGE_AXIS
Constructor of BoxLayout class:
1. BoxLayout(Container c, int axis): creates a box layout that arranges the
components with the given axis.
Example of BoxLayout class with Y-AXIS:

import java.awt.*;
public class BoxLayoutExample1 extends Frame {
Button buttons[];
public BoxLayoutExample1 () {
buttons = new Button [5];
for (int i = 0;i<5;i++) {
buttons[i] = new Button ("Button " + (i + 1));
add (buttons[i]);
}
setLayout (new BoxLayout (this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
setSize(400,400);
setVisible(true);
}
BoxLayoutExample1 b=new BoxLayoutExample1();
}
}
CardLayout class
The CardLayout class manages the components in such a manner that only one
component is visible at a time. It treats each component as a card that is why it is
known as CardLayout.
Constructors of CardLayout class:
1. CardLayout(): creates a card layout with zero horizontal and vertical gap.
2. CardLayout(int hgap, int vgap): creates a card layout with the given
horizontal and vertical gap.
Commonly used methods of CardLayout class:
 public void next(Container parent): is used to flip to the next card of the
given container.
 public void previous(Container parent): is used to flip to the previous card
of the given container.
 public void first(Container parent): is used to flip to the first card of the
given container.
 public void last(Container parent): is used to flip to the last card of the
given container.
 public void show(Container parent, String name): is used to flip to the
specified card with the given name.
Example of CardLayout class:

import java.awt.*;
public class CardLayoutExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
CardLayout card;
JButton b1,b2,b3;
Container c;
CardLayoutExample(){
c=getContentPane();
card=new CardLayout(40,30);
//create CardLayout object with 40 hor space and 30 ver space
c.setLayout(card);
b1=new JButton("Apple");
b2=new JButton("Boy");
b3=new JButton("Cat");
c.add("a",b1);c.add("b",b2);c.add("c",b3);
}
card.next(c);
}
CardLayoutExample cl=new CardLayoutExample();
cl.setSize(400,400);
cl.setVisible(true);
cl.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }

Java Swing
Java Swing tutorial is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to
create window-based applications. It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract
Windowing Toolkit) API and entirely written in java.Unlike AWT, Java Swing
provides platform-independent and lightweight components.
The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such as JButton,
JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton, JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc.
Difference between AWT and Swing
There are many differences between java awt and swing that are given below.
No. Java AWT Java Swing
1) AWT components are platform-dependent. Java swing components are
platform-independent.
2) AWT components are heavyweight. Swing components are
lightweight.
3) AWT doesn't support pluggable look and Swing supports pluggable look
feel. and feel.
4) AWT provides less components than Swing provides more powerful
Swing. components such as tables,
lists, scrollpanes, colorchooser,
tabbedpane etc.
5) AWT doesn't follows MVC(Model View Swing follows MVC.
Controller) where model represents data,
view represents presentation and controller
acts as an interface between model and
view.
Main Features of Swing Toolkit
1. Platform Independent
2. Customizable
3. Extensible
4. Configurable
5. Lightweight
6. Rich Controls
7. Pluggable Look and Feel
What is JFC
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components which simplify the
development of desktop applications.
Features of JFC
 Swing GUI components.
 Look and Feel support.
 Java 2D.
Swing and JFC
JFC is an abbreviation for Java Foundation classes, which encompass a
group of features for building Graphical User Interfaces(GUI) and adding
rich graphical functionalities and interactivity to Java applications. Java
Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC).
Commonly used Methods of Component class
The methods of Component class are widely used in java swing that are given
below.
Method Description
public void add(Component c) add a component on another component.
public void setSize(int width,int sets size of the component.
height)
public void sets the layout manager for the component.
setLayout(LayoutManager m)
public void setVisible(boolean b) sets the visibility of the component. It is by
default false.
Hierarchy of Java Swing classes
Introduction to Swing Classes
JPanel : JPanel is Swing's version of AWT class Panel and uses the same default
layout, FlowLayout. JPanel is descended directly from JComponent.
JFrame : JFrame is Swing's version of Frame and is descended directly
from Frame class. The component which is added to the Frame, is
refered as its Content.
JWindow : This is Swing's version of Window and has descended directly
from Window class. Like Window it uses BorderLayout by default.
JLabel : JLabel has descended from JComponent, and is used to create text labels.
JButton : JButton class provides the functioning of push button. JButton allows
an icon, string or both associated with a button.
JTextField : JTextFields allow editing of a single line of text.
Java Swing Examples

There are two ways to create a frame:
 By creating the object of Frame class (association)
 By extending Frame class (inheritance)
We can write the code of swing inside the main(), constructor or any other method.
Simple Java Swing Example

Let's see a simple swing example where we are creating one button and adding it on
the JFrame object inside the main() method.
File: FirstSwingExample.java
public class FirstSwingExample {
JFrame f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);//x axis, y axis, width, height
f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame
f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
} }
Example of Swing by Association inside constructor
We can also write all the codes of creating JFrame, JButton and method call inside
the java constructor.
File: Simple.java
public class Simple {
JFrame f;
Simple(){

f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame
f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
}
new Simple();
}
}
The setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height)is used in the above
example that sets the position of the button.
Simple example of Swing by inheritance
We can also inherit the JFrame class, so there is no need to create the instance of
JFrame class explicitly.
File: Simple2.java
public class Simple2 extends JFrame{//inheriting JFrame
JFrame f;
Simple2(){
JButton b=new JButton("click");//create button
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
add(b);//adding button on frame
setSize(400,500);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
new Simple2();
}}

Java JButton
The JButton class is used to create a labeled button that has platform independent
implementation. The application result in some action when the button is pushed.
It inherits AbstractButton class.
public class JButton extends AbstractButton implements Accessible
Commonly used Constructors:

Constructor Description
JButton() It creates a button with no text and icon.
JButton(String s) It creates a button with the specified text.
JButton(Icon i) It creates a button with the specified icon object.
Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:
Methods Description
void setText(String s) It is used to set specified text on button
String getText() It is used to return the text of the button.
void setEnabled(boolean b) It is used to enable or disable the button.
void setIcon(Icon b) It is used to set the specified Icon on the
button.
Icon getIcon() It is used to get the Icon of the button.
void setMnemonic(int a) It is used to set the mnemonic on the
button.
void addActionListener(ActionListener It is used to add the action listener to this
a) object.
JFrame f=new JFrame("Button Example");
final JTextField tf=new JTextField();
tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);
JButton b=new JButton("Click Here");
b.setBounds(50,100,95,30);
tf.setText("Welcome to Sangola.");
}
});
f.add(b);f.add(tf);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Java JTextField
The object of a JTextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a
single line text. It inherits JTextComponent class.
public class JTextField extends JTextComponent implements SwingConstant
s
JTextField() Creates a new TextField
JTextField(String text) Creates a new TextField initialized with the
specified text.
JTextField(String text, int Creates a new TextField initialized with the
columns) specified text and columns.
JTextField(int columns) Creates a new empty TextField with the specified
number of columns.
Commonly used Methods:
Methods Description
void addActionListener(ActionListener It is used to add the specified action
listener to receive action events from this
textfield.
Action getAction() It returns the currently set Action for this
ActionEvent source, or null if no Action is
set.
void setFont(Font f) It is used to set the current font.
void It is used to remove the specified action
removeActionListener(ActionListener l) listener so that it no longer receives action
events from this textfield.
public class TextFieldExample implements ActionListener{
JTextField tf1,tf2,tf3;
JButton b1,b2;
TextFieldExample(){
JFrame f= new JFrame();
tf1=new JTextField();
tf1.setBounds(50,50,150,20);
tf2.setBounds(50,100,150,20);
tf3.setBounds(50,150,150,20);
tf3.setEditable(false);
b1=new JButton("+");
b1.setBounds(50,200,50,50);
b2=new JButton("-");
b2.setBounds(120,200,50,50);
f.add(tf1);f.add(tf2);f.add(tf3);f.add(b1);f.add(b2);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
int a=Integer.parseInt(s1);
int b=Integer.parseInt(s2);
int c=0;
if(e.getSource()==b1){
c=a+b;
}else if(e.getSource()==b2){
c=a-b;
}
String result=String.valueOf(c);
tf3.setText(result);
}
new TextFieldExample();
}}

Java JTextArea
The object of a JTextArea class is a multi line region that displays text. It allows the
editing of multiple line text. It inherits JTextComponent class
public class JTextArea extends JTextComponent
JTextArea() Creates a text area that displays no text initially.
JTextArea(String s) Creates a text area that displays specified text
initially.
JTextArea(int row, int Creates a text area with the specified number of rows
column) and columns that displays no text initially.
JTextArea(String s, int row, Creates a text area with the specified number of rows
int column) and columns that displays specified text.

Methods Description
void setRows(int rows) It is used to set specified number of rows.
void setColumns(int cols) It is used to set specified number of columns.
void setFont(Font f) It is used to set the specified font.
void insert(String s, int It is used to insert the specified text on the specified
position) position.
void append(String s) It is used to append the given text to the end of the
document.
public class TextAreaExample implements ActionListener{
JLabel l1,l2;
JTextArea area;
JButton b;
TextAreaExample() {
JFrame f= new JFrame();
l1=new JLabel();
l1.setBounds(50,25,100,30);
l2=new JLabel();
l2.setBounds(160,25,100,30);
area=new JTextArea();
area.setBounds(20,75,250,200);
b=new JButton("Count Words");
b.setBounds(100,300,120,30);
f.add(l1);f.add(l2);f.add(area);f.add(b);
f.setSize(450,450);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
String text=area.getText();
String words[]=text.split("\\s");
l1.setText("Words: "+words.length);
l2.setText("Characters: "+text.length());
}
new TextAreaExample();
}
}

Java JCheckBox
The JCheckBox class is used to create a checkbox. It is used to turn an option on

(true) or off (false). Clicking on a CheckBox changes its state from "on" to "off" or
from "off" to "on ".It inherits JToggleButton class.
public class JCheckBox extends JToggleButton implements Accessible
JJCheckBox() Creates an initially unselected check box button
with no text, no icon.
JChechBox(String s) Creates an initially unselected check box with
text.
JCheckBox(String text, Creates a check box with text and specifies
boolean selected) whether or not it is initially selected.
JCheckBox(Action a) Creates a check box where properties are taken
from the Action supplied.

Methods Description
AccessibleContext It is used to get the AccessibleContext
getAccessibleContext() associated with this JCheckBox.
protected String paramString() It returns a string representation of this
JCheckBox.
public class CheckBoxExample
{
CheckBoxExample(){
JFrame f= new JFrame("CheckBox Example");
final JLabel label = new JLabel();
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
JCheckBox checkbox1 = new JCheckBox("C++");
JCheckBox checkbox2 = new JCheckBox("Java");
f.add(checkbox1); f.add(checkbox2); f.add(label);
label.setText("C++ Checkbox: "
}
});
label.setText("Java Checkbox: "
}
});
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new CheckBoxExample();
}
}
Java JRadioButton
The JRadioButton class is used to create a radio button. It is used to choose one
option from multiple options. It is widely used in exam systems or quiz.
public class JRadioButton extends JToggleButton implements Accessible

JRadioButton() Creates an unselected radio button with no
text.
JRadioButton(String s) Creates an unselected radio button with
specified text.
JRadioButton(String s, boolean Creates a radio button with the specified text
selected) and selected status.

Methods Description
void setText(String s) It is used to set specified text on button.
String getText() It is used to return the text of the button.
void setEnabled(boolean b) It is used to enable or disable the button.
void setIcon(Icon b) It is used to set the specified Icon on the
button.
Icon getIcon() It is used to get the Icon of the button.
void setMnemonic(int a) It is used to set the mnemonic on the
button.
void addActionListener(ActionListener It is used to add the action listener to this
a) object.
Example.
class RadioButtonExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
JRadioButton rb1,rb2;
JButton b;
RadioButtonExample(){
rb1=new JRadioButton("Male");
rb1.setBounds(100,50,100,30);
rb2=new JRadioButton("Female");
rb2.setBounds(100,100,100,30);
ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(rb1);bg.add(rb2);
b=new JButton("click");
b.setBounds(100,150,80,30);
add(rb1);add(rb2);add(b);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
if(rb1.isSelected()){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"You are Male.");
}
if(rb2.isSelected()){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"You are Female.");
}
}
new RadioButtonExample();
}}
Java JComboBox
The object of Choice class is used to show popup menu of choices. Choice selected
by user is shown on the top of a menu. It inherits JComponent class.
public class JComboBox extends JComponent implements ItemSelectable, Li

stDataListener, ActionListener, Accessible
JComboBox() Creates a JComboBox with a default data model.
JComboBox(Object[] items) Creates a JComboBox that contains the elements in
the specified array.
JComboBox(Vector<?> Creates a JComboBox that contains the elements in
items) the specified Vector.
Methods Description
void addItem(Object anObject) It is used to add an item to the item list.
void removeItem(Object anObject) It is used to delete an item to the item list.
void removeAllItems() It is used to remove all the items from the
list.
void setEditable(boolean b) It is used to determine whether the
JComboBox is editable.
void It is used to add the ActionListener.
addActionListener(ActionListener a)
void addItemListener(ItemListener i) It is used to add the ItemListener.
Java JComboBox Example with ActionListener
public class ComboBoxExample {
JFrame f;
ComboBoxExample(){
f=new JFrame("ComboBox Example");
final JLabel label = new JLabel();
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
JButton b=new JButton("Show");
b.setBounds(200,100,75,20);
String languages[]={"C","C++","C#","Java","PHP"};
final JComboBox cb=new JComboBox(languages);
cb.setBounds(50, 100,90,20);
f.add(cb); f.add(label); f.add(b);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setSize(350,350);
f.setVisible(true);
b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
String data = "Programming language Selected: "
+ cb.getItemAt(cb.getSelectedIndex());
label.setText(data);
}
});
}
new ComboBoxExample();
}
}

Java JTable
The JTable class is used to display data in tabular form. It is composed of rows and
columns.
JTable() Creates a table with empty cells.
JTable(Object[][] rows, Object[] columns) Creates a table with the specified data.
Java JTable Example
public class TableExample {
JFrame f;
TableExample(){
f=new JFrame();
String data[][]={ {"101","Amit","670000"},
{"102","Jai","780000"},
{"101","Sachin","700000"}};
String column[]={"ID","NAME","SALARY"};
JTable jt=new JTable(data,column);
jt.setBounds(30,40,200,300);
JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
f.add(sp);
f.setSize(300,400);
f.setVisible(true);
}
new TableExample();
}
}
Java JTable Example with ListSelectionListener
import javax.swing.event.*;
public class TableExample {
public static void main(String[] a) {
JFrame f = new JFrame("Table Example");
String data[][]={ {"101","Amit","670000"},
{"102","Jai","780000"},
{"101","Sachin","700000"}};
String column[]={"ID","NAME","SALARY"};
final JTable jt=new JTable(data,column);
jt.setCellSelectionEnabled(true);
ListSelectionModel select= jt.getSelectionModel();
select.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);
select.addListSelectionListener(new ListSelectionListener() {
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) {
String Data = null;
int[] row = jt.getSelectedRows();
int[] columns = jt.getSelectedColumns();
for (int i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns.length; j++) {
Data = (String) jt.getValueAt(row[i], columns[j]);
}}
System.out.println("Table element selected is: " + Data);
}
});
JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
f.add(sp);
f.setSize(300, 200);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
If you select an element in column NAME, name of the element will be displayed on
the console:
Java JOptionPane
The JOptionPane class is used to provide standard dialog boxes such as message
dialog box, confirm dialog box and input dialog box. These dialog boxes are used to
display information or get input from the user. The JOptionPane class inherits
JComponent class.
Common Constructors of JOptionPane class
JOptionPane() It is used to create a JOptionPane with a test
message.
JOptionPane(Object message) It is used to create an instance of JOptionPane to
display a message.
JOptionPane(Object message, It is used to create an instance of JOptionPane to
int messageType display a message with specified message type and
default options.
Common Methods of JOptionPane class
Methods Description
JDialog createDialog(String title) It is used to create and return a
new parentless JDialog with the
specified title.
static void showMessageDialog(Component It is used to create an information-
parentComponent, Object message) message dialog titled "Message".
static void showMessageDialog(Component It is used to create a message
parentComponent, Object message, String dialog with given title and
title, int messageType) messageType.
static int showConfirmDialog(Component It is used to create a dialog with
parentComponent, Object message) the options Yes, No and Cancel;
with the title, Select an Option.
static String showInputDialog(Component It is used to show a question-
parentComponent, Object message) message dialog requesting input
from the user parented to
parentComponent.
void setInputValue(Object newValue) It is used to set the input value
that was selected or input by the
user.
Java JOptionPane Example: showMessageDialog()
public class OptionPaneExample {
JFrame f;
OptionPaneExample(){
f=new JFrame();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f,"Hello, Welcome to Sangola.");
}
new OptionPaneExample();
}
}
Java JOptionPane Example: showMessageDialog()
JFrame f;
f=new JFrame();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f,"Successfully Updated.","Alert",JOptionPa
ne.WARNING_MESSAGE);
}
}
}
Java JOptionPane Example: showInputDialog()
JFrame f;
f=new JFrame();
String name=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(f,"Enter Name");
}
}
}
Java JOptionPane Example: showConfirmDialog()
public class OptionPaneExample extends WindowAdapter{
JFrame f;
f=new JFrame();
f.addWindowListener(this);
f.setSize(300, 300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
int a=JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(f,"Are you sure?");
if(a==JOptionPane.YES_OPTION){
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
}
}
Java JMenuBar, JMenu and JMenuItem
The JMenuBar class is used to display menubar on the window or frame. It may
have several menus.The object of JMenu class is a pull down menu component
which is displayed from the menu bar. It inherits the JMenuItem class.The object
of JMenuItem class adds a simple labeled menu item. The items used in a menu
must belong to the JMenuItem or any of its subclass.
JMenuBar class declaration
public class JMenuBar extends JComponent implements MenuElement, Accessible
JMenu class declaration

public class JMenu extends JMenuItem implements MenuElement, Accessible
JMenuItem class declaration
public class JMenuItem extends AbstractButton implements Accessible, MenuElem
ent
Java JMenuItem and JMenu Example

class MenuExample
{
JMenu menu, submenu;
JMenuItem i1, i2, i3, i4, i5;
MenuExample(){
JFrame f= new JFrame("Menu and MenuItem Example");
JMenuBar mb=new JMenuBar();
menu=new JMenu("Menu");
submenu=new JMenu("Sub Menu");
i1=new JMenuItem("Item 1");
menu.add(i1); menu.add(i2); menu.add(i3);
submenu.add(i4); submenu.add(i5);
menu.add(submenu);
mb.add(menu);
f.setJMenuBar(mb);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
{
new MenuExample(); }}
Example of creating Edit menu for Notepad:
public class MenuExample implements ActionListener{
JFrame f;
JMenuBar mb;
JMenu file,edit,help;
JMenuItem cut,copy,paste,selectAll;
JTextArea ta;
MenuExample(){
f=new JFrame();
cut=new JMenuItem("cut");
copy=new JMenuItem("copy");
paste=new JMenuItem("paste");
selectAll=new JMenuItem("selectAll");
cut.addActionListener(this);
copy.addActionListener(this);
paste.addActionListener(this);
selectAll.addActionListener(this);
mb=new JMenuBar();
file=new JMenu("File");
edit=new JMenu("Edit");
help=new JMenu("Help");
edit.add(cut);edit.add(copy);edit.add(paste);edit.add(selectAll);
mb.add(file);mb.add(edit);mb.add(help);
ta=new JTextArea();
ta.setBounds(5,5,360,320);
f.add(mb);f.add(ta);
f.setJMenuBar(mb);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setVisible(true);
}
if(e.getSource()==cut)
ta.cut();
if(e.getSource()==paste)
ta.paste();
if(e.getSource()==copy)
ta.copy();
if(e.getSource()==selectAll)
ta.selectAll();
}
new MenuExample();
}}
Java JProgressBar
The JProgressBar class is used to display the progress of the task. It inherits
JComponent class.
JProgressBar() It is used to create a horizontal progress bar but no string
text.
JProgressBar(int It is used to create a horizontal progress bar with the
min, int max) specified minimum and maximum value.
JProgressBar(int It is used to create a progress bar with the specified
orient) orientation, it can be either Vertical or Horizontal by using
SwingConstants.VERTICAL and
SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL constants.
JProgressBar(int It is used to create a progress bar with the specified
orient, int min, int orientation, minimum and maximum value.
max)
Method Description
void setStringPainted(boolean It is used to determine whether string should be
b) displayed.
void setString(String s) It is used to set value to the progress string.
void setOrientation(int It is used to set the orientation, it may be either
orientation) vertical or horizontal by using
SwingConstants.VERTICAL and
SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL constants.
void setValue(int value) It is used to set the current value on the progress
bar.
Java JProgressBar Example

public class ProgressBarExample extends JFrame{
JProgressBar jb;
int i=0,num=0;
ProgressBarExample(){
jb=new JProgressBar(0,2000);
jb.setBounds(40,40,160,30);
jb.setValue(0);
jb.setStringPainted(true);
add(jb);
setSize(250,150);
setLayout(null);
}
public void iterate(){
while(i<=2000){
jb.setValue(i);
i=i+20;
try{Thread.sleep(150);}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
ProgressBarExample m=new ProgressBarExample();
m.setVisible(true);
m.iterate();
}
}
Java JTree
The JTree class is used to display the tree structured data or hierarchical data.
JTree is a complex component. It has a 'root node' at the top most which is a
parent for all nodes in the tree. It inherits JComponent class.
JTree() Creates a JTree with a sample model.
JTree(Object[] Creates a JTree with every element of the specified array as
value) the child of a new root node.
JTree(TreeNode Creates a JTree with the specified TreeNode as its root, which
root) displays the root node.
Java JTree Example

import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
public class TreeExample
{
JFrame f;
TreeExample()
{
f=new JFrame();
DefaultMutableTreeNode style=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Style");
DefaultMutableTreeNode color=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("color");
DefaultMutableTreeNode font=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("font");
style.add(color);
style.add(font);
DefaultMutableTreeNode red=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("red");
DefaultMutableTreeNode blue=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("blue");
DefaultMutableTreeNode black=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("black");
DefaultMutableTreeNode green=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("green");
color.add(red); color.add(blue); color.add(black); color.add(green);
JTree jt=new JTree(style);
f.add(jt);
f.setSize(200,200);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new TreeExample();
}}
Java JTabbedPane
The JTabbedPane class is used to switch between a group of components by

clicking on a tab with a given title or icon. It inherits JComponent class.
JTabbedPane() Creates an empty TabbedPane with a default tab
placement of JTabbedPane.Top.
JTabbedPane(int tabPlacement) Creates an empty TabbedPane with a specified
tab placement.
JTabbedPane(int tabPlacement, Creates an empty TabbedPane with a specified
int tabLayoutPolicy) tab placement and tab layout policy.
Java JTabbedPane Example

public class TabbedPaneExample
{
JFrame f;
TabbedPaneExample()
{
f=new JFrame();
JTextArea ta=new JTextArea(200,200);
JPanel p1=new JPanel();
p1.add(ta);
JTabbedPane tp=new JTabbedPane();
tp.setBounds(50,50,200,200);
tp.add("main",p1);
tp.add("visit",p2);
tp.add("help",p3);
f.add(tp);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new TabbedPaneExample();
}}
Java JFileChooser
The object of JFileChooser class represents a dialog window from which the user
can select file. It inherits JComponent class.

JFileChooser() Constructs a JFileChooser pointing to the
user's default directory.
JFileChooser(File Constructs a JFileChooser using the given File
currentDirectory) as the path.
JFileChooser(String Constructs a JFileChooser using the given
currentDirectoryPath) path.

Java JFileChooser Example
import java.io.*;
public class FileChooserExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
JMenuBar mb;
JMenu file;
JMenuItem open;
JTextArea ta;
FileChooserExample(){
open=new JMenuItem("Open File");
open.addActionListener(this);
file=new JMenu("File");
file.add(open);
mb=new JMenuBar();
mb.setBounds(0,0,800,20);
mb.add(file);
ta=new JTextArea(800,800);
ta.setBounds(0,20,800,800);
add(mb);
add(ta);
}
if(e.getSource()==open){
JFileChooser fc=new JFileChooser();
int i=fc.showOpenDialog(this);
if(i==JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION){
File f=fc.getSelectedFile();
String filepath=f.getPath();
try{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filepath));
String s1="",s2="";
while((s1=br.readLine())!=null){
s2+=s1+"\n";
}
ta.setText(s2);
br.close();
}catch (Exception ex) {ex.printStackTrace(); }
}
} }
FileChooserExample om=new FileChooserExample();
om.setSize(500,500);
om.setLayout(null);
om.setVisible(true);
om.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
} }

Java Networking

Uploaded by

Java Networking

Uploaded by

Java Applet

Lifecycle of Java Applet

 Lifecycle methods for Applet:

The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 1

Java Plug-in software.

How to run an Applet?

There are two ways to run an applet

Simple example of Applet by html file:

public void paint(Graphics g){

Simple example of Applet by appletviewer tool:

public void paint(Graphics g){

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 2

java.awt.Graphics class provides many methods for graphics programming.

Commonly used methods of Graphics class:

//Set Background Color Of an Applet Window Example

public void paint(Graphics g){

//Draw Line in Applet Window Example

//draw vertical line

//draw horizontal line

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 3

public class SetForegroundColorExample extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

public class Smiley extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

Font f = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD,20);

public class ResizeAppletWindowExample extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

public class DrawArcExample extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

//set color to red

//this will draw an arc of width 50 & height 100 at (10,10)

//draw filled arc

public class DrawOvalsExample extends Applet

//this will draw a oval of width 50 & height 100 at (10,10)

//draw filled oval

//Set Status Message in Applet Window Example

public class SetStatusMessageExample extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

//this will be displayed inside an applet

//this will be displayed in a status bar of an applet window

public class AppletDimensionExample extends Applet{

//get applet size using getSize method

//determine x and y coordinates

//print string at specified location using drawString method

public void paint(Graphics g) {

URL appletDir = getCodeBase();

Example of Graphics in applet:

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 6

Syntax of drawImage() method:

1. public abstract booleandrawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver

How to get the object of Image:

Other required methods of Applet class to display image:

Example of displaying image in applet:

public void init()

public void paint(Graphics g) {

Example of animation in applet:

public void init()

public void paint(Graphics g)

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 8

Java AWT Hierarchy

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 9

Components of Event Handling

How Events are handled?

Dambal Sir (Sangola Collge,Sangola) 10

Important Event Classes and Interface

Event Classes Description Listener Interface

ActionEvent generated when button is pressed, ActionListener

MouseEvent generated when mouse is dragged, MouseListener

KeyEvent generated when input is received KeyListener

ItemEvent generated when check-box or list ItemListener

TextEvent generated when value of textarea TextListener

MouseWheelEvent generated when mouse wheel is MouseWheelListener

WindowEvent generated when window is WindowListener

ComponentEvent generated when component is ComponentEventListener

ContainerEvent generated when component is ContainerListener