Securty SOP
Securty SOP
Securty SOP
UNIT: 01
SAFETY, SECURITY AND HOTEL
Structure
Introduction
Objective
Best Practices of Safety and Security: A Study of Taj and Oberoi Hotels, Mumbai
Security Departments of Hotels
Guidelines for Security in Hotels
Dealing with various Emergency Situations
Dealing with Fire
Dealing with Death
Dealing with Crisis
Dealing with Disaster
Significance of Safety and Security
Summary
Glossary
References/ Bibliography
Suggested Readings
Terminal Questions
INTRODUCTION
Safety and security is the major concern among all the living creature of this universe. It
is also described by Maslow through his Need and Hierarchy Theory. The safety and
security does not confined to life only but it also emphasizes on job, health and
environment. When we think for safety and security especially in hotels, automatically it
comes on the part of tourists. As we know tourism is a recreational activity in which a
tourist leaves his/her home to a distant place and safety and security is a major challenge
for him/her. At this (new and unfamiliar) place he/she has to stay somewhere so that
he/she can feel safe. Thus, some short of means of shelter is required to keep
himself/herself safe from unforeseen circumstances. The moto of hospitality industry
emphasizes that Guest is God and the God should be provided safety and security. The
guests coming to the hotel must be given safe and secure environment so that their stay
must be comfortable and enjoyable and over all the hotels are gaining monetary benefit
from those guests. It is the moral and ethical responsibility of the hotels to protect guests
from any mishap leading to their death and loss of baggage. The hotels are also aware that
if they fail in providing safety and security to guests, the bad reputation tag will be tagged
and it will affect their business in many folds. It has also been seen that hotel keeps on
hiding the information of some eminent person/ VVIP/ celebrities movement in their
premises because it will create chaos and hamper the smooth functioning of the hotel. It is
a good practice to not disclose the identity of such persons and hotels are doing just to
provide such guests an environment where such persons can feel safe and secure. The
It is observed that safety and security concern is not limited to the guests only but yes, it
has been extended beyond it. It also encompasses the hotel employees, the property and
the tangible and intangible assets which are helpful in making the stay pleasant. However,
the value of a hotel is estimated by its assets and that‟s why the safety and security
concern other than guests are highly required by the hotels.
The word safety and security are used together but it has literary differences too. Safety
has been defined as a condition in which a person is being protected from harm caused by
unintentional failure while security is defined as a condition in which a person is being
protected from harms caused due to intentional human behavior or actions. So, in the
present unit we will be discussing about the relevance of safety and security in the hotel
industry along with the case studies of various hotel chains.
OBJECTIVE
The incident of 26/11 terror attack at Taj Hotel and Oberoi Hotel, Mumbai was an eye
opener for many of us who were earlier advocating the privacy of the guests and did not
allow the scanning and frisking of the guests and cordoning of guest‟s room (in some
cases only). After this terror strike, almost all the popular hotels reviewed their safety and
security system to cope up with any similar situation likely to happen in near future. The
personnel from defense services were also impaneled for their expert advice and
suggestion. However, the success of safety and security lies in the fact that everyone i.e.
employees and guests should adhere with policies, procedure, strict rules and regulations
The Taj Hotel, Mumbai reviewed its safety and security systems and implemented many
new procedures after receiving inputs from many defense experts. Their policy itself says
that the profit of the hospitality industry is based on the safety and security system which
it provides to the guests in terms of bringing satisfaction and loyalty. In the initial phase
of their safety plan, the Taj Hotel, Mumbai established collaborations with foreign
organizations who had world class expertise in various terror operations. The Taj Hotel
Mumbai, however provided extensive training to its security personnel in consultation
with many international and national security experts and even they were sent to overseas
to meet out the objective. The security personnel are equipped with bollards and similar
appropriate technologies and also scanning machines have been installed for baggage
screening and above all personal frisking has been mandate to be done by metal detectors.
Separate male and female security personnel have been deputed for frisking of male and
female guests. The dog squad is also invested to the hotel to prevent any mishap caused
due to improvised weapons. The hotel also gives emphasis on organizing awareness
programmes especially for the hotel guests and employees. In the process of winning
confidence of guests regarding safety and security issues, the Taj Hotel, Mumbai is one
which has opted for OHSAS 18001 certification. The Taj Hotel, Mumbai has also
installed safety management devices throughout the hotel premises that keep on
reminding the people (guests and employees) regarding issues related to health, safety
and work place culture.
The Taj Hotel, Mumbai has installed CCTV cameras of high quality and security
personnel are constantly watching the movements of each guest and their behavior. The
Taj Hotel has opted for floor security. Under these system, the guest is supposed to access
those areas for which he/she is entitled. Like, if the guest‟s room lies on third floor, the
lift will stop at its designated floor only and thus, the guest‟s movement can be restricted
to its floor. Every room has been placed with safety procedure cards also known as
“Credo Cards” indicating do‟s and don‟ts to be followed during any emergency
circumstances.
In case of vehicles approaching towards the Taj Hotel, all the vehicles have to pass
through a barrier, which is under control by the Taj Hotel‟s own security personnel. As
soon as the vehicle is stopped, its trunk and hoods are thorough check, and after
satisfaction, the vehicle is allowed to proceed towards parking area or porch area.
The safety and security of the Oberoi, Mumbai is divided into two parts. First one that
takes care of outer premises while another one is responsible for providing hotel inside
safety and security. The outer premise is under the control of police that always checks
the guest‟s movement through barricades. The safety and security of the inner self of the
hotel is taken care by the armed and undercover guards that keep an eye over the every
movement. They check the necessary documents of guests against the proof of their hotel
reservation and on confirmation they accept the baggage for inspection and x-ray
scanning. The guests are then allowed to pass through metal detectors to detect something
unwanted. The same procedure is applicable to the employees as well where everyone has
to pass through scanner located at entry and exit gates.
The Oberoi, Mumbai set an example in implementing safety and security majors. Their
rooms are fitted with sensors and rooms will be opened only when the actual guest arrives
at the gate. Also, the elevator will lead the guest to the exact floor by sensing the location
of the room. This will prevent the guest‟s intention to loiter unnecessarily on every floor.
The Oberoi, Mumbai is also destined to provide safety and security to its employees as
well. For female staff/s whose shift is over by midnight, the hotel administration with the
help of hotel security provides pick up and drops facility from/to their resident/s. This
facility is rendered against even if the employee comes by her own conveyance and is
provided as an escort service till she enters in her residence.
However, there are some more preventive steps taken by the Oberoi, Mumbai to handle
any awkward situation. They are as follows:
1. Introduction of PABX system specially for voice recording
2. Introduction of finger print based entry system in room
3. Installation of bullet proof glasses at strategic locations
4. Installation of PA system with multiple language to be used during emergency
5. Installation of CCTV cameras and motion detectors
6. Creation of ample evacuation routes
7. Provision of safe deposit boxes
The functioning of security department of a hotel is based on the size and structure of the
hotel. The five star properties have the provision of either security head or individual
head. Security head is appointed by the HR department while individual head is appointed
by the hotel management directly. Security head/Individual head is assisted by four
security personnel who are addressed as shift in-charge. They take care of movement of
every shift i.e. morning, evening and night. The job role of these security personnel are
widespread i.e. whole complex is under their supervision. They cover mainly entrance
gate, scanning area, digital recording room (security supervisor cabin) of the front area of
the hotel, the back area like the entrance gate for hotel staff and their frisking, receiving
mobile handsets from each one and issuing tokens, distributing vehicle passes to the hotel
staffs are also done by them. They also assist in procuring consumable materials supplied
to the hotel. It is responsibility of this department to receive such items and put entry into
the entry register, duly signed by date and timings. The security personnel are also liable
for issuing gate passes against damaged items/non- functioning items which are being
carried out of the hotel for maintenance or discard purpose.
1. Regarding Guests and their valuables: The guests should be protected from the
crimes like murder, killing, abduction, threat from hotel staff or outsider. Should
be provided with hygienic and fresh food and drinking water. The guest room
should be ensured safe and protected by locking system. The added advantages of
this type of doors are that they are supported by electronic devices controlled by
smart cards and magnetic strips. It enables the hotel to know at what time the
guest checked in the room and at what time. The guest is also supplied in room
safes that are operated by key cards. Even some of the smarter safes are equipped
with biometric configuration that uses thumb impression or retina scan to open it.
2. Regarding its employees: The backbone of every hotel is its employees and it is
the moral responsibility of the hotels to take care of its employees. To provide
them with a terror free working environment, the hotel management must focus on
deputing security personnel at all the strategic locations, entry points, scanning
area, staff entry gate, installation of CCTV cameras. They should also be given
staff lockers, insurance, free pickup and drops facility, health schemes and many
employee oriented benefits. They should be provided with aqua guard drinking
3. Regarding hotel equipment: The delivery part of the hotel operation is dealt by
the equipment and hence it is utmost required to take care of these machines. The
major technologies used in the hotels are in the form of lifts and boilers, the
instruments used in kitchen for production are technology based and the movable
and immovable assets of the hotels like furniture and hotel complex must be
protected against fire, flood, earthquake and bomb. The hotel management must
ensure that there are proper safety and security devices installed in the hotel that
can alarm the staff well in advance to prevent any damage to the hotel.
5. Regarding fund protection: Funds are very crucial for any hotel and it must be
handle with special care. The hotel makes a policy to put cash at a safe place
where limited people can access and after every shift all the cash is kept under
tight security and 24x7 CCTV monitoring. The hotel makes a policy that only one
employee (confidential) should be held responsible for accessing cash bank. All
the entries pertaining to transactions must be done immediately. The person in
charge receiving cash should close the cash drawer after every transaction. In
some of the five star properties automatic lock is installed in the cash box that
asks biometrics for every transaction. However, certain hotels have policy of
surprise audit of the cash register of the front office and it is done by the person
from the accounting section with the prior permission of hotel management
authorities.
Other than above discussed guidelines, there are other guidelines that are equally
important and directly contribute in maintaining security in hotels. These are:
a. Certain hotels have established defibrillation centre in its own premises in
collaboration with police and where heart attack guests can be provided
emergency help.
b. Elevators have been installed specially for guests staying in designated floors.
No one other than guests are supposed to use it.
c. The hotels have made it mandate for its employees to wear photo identity card
provided by hotel during their duty hours.
d. Some hotels also maintain emergency manuals to help guests during
emergency situations.
e. Big hotels also maintain an emergency power backup to provide uninterrupted
power to the hotels when it needed.
However, there are certain strict code of conduct and guidelines from National Building
Code of India (NBCI) against fire safety and confirmed to be observed by every hotel. As
per this, the hotel will appoint a full-fledged fire officer and will report to chief executive
of the hotel. The hotel management will also ensure that the information pertaining to gas
mask and fire escape routes must be displayed in online and off line mode. The guest‟s
room must have information displayed regarding floor plan, escape routes, stair cases and
dos and don‟ts during fire situation. The hotel will also establish a centralized fire
command centre at ground floor and possibly at entry gate. The hotel administration must
The safety lies into the hands of guest as well. The hotel administration takes all the pain
to curb out emergency situation caused due to fire but sometimes the role of guests are
equally important in overcome any unforeseen situation. As soon as the guest arrives in
the hotel, it is expected that he/she must take a look of their floor plan and evacuation
routes, staircases, exit and emergency exit gates, nearby fire alarm and also go through
the manual provided in the room. During the fire situation, leave and close the door of the
room, sound the alarm and proceed towards staircases/emergency exit gate and it is
advisable that avoid using elevator. It has been seen that major fatalities has been caused
due to smoke inhalation, so certain tips can help guests out in minimizing the death tolls.
During the fire the guests can crawlon floor and put water soaked cloths on the door. This
process will check smokes to come out from the fire area. Hotel fire can also be checked
if the guest will not use beds, sofas and other places as a means of comfort to enjoy
smoking. These areas where the smoldering butts cannot be traced easily. So while
leaving/checking out from room, a small inspection can avoid fire event. Also, it is
assumed that the guest will not dump ashes directly to the wastebasket and never use
electronic appliances other than that they are provided to fulfill a purpose.
1. While declaring the guest dead, make sure he is not asleep or into a state of
unconsciousness. After analyzing the vital signs absent such case should be immediately
reported to the front office manager though front desk and the front office manager will
bring the mishap into the notice of the GM or the resident manager. In some cases
security manager is also informed. The general manager/resident manager/security officer
will inform the local police station and simultaneously the hotel doctor is also called upon
who will check, verify and put confirmation of the death.
2. After receiving the confirmation from the doctor, the details of the diseased like home
address, contact numbers etc are retrieved and information is shared with the decedent
near and dear by the hotel.
3. The police after doing all the formalities, ask the hotel administration to remove the
dead body with the help of coroner and lock and seal the room for further forensic
investigation if any required. The dead body will be fully covered and will be carried
through stretcher. In this process the service elevator will be used rather than guest
elevator.
4. The hotel administration must collect the death certificate from the doctor.
5. The hotel administration will prepare a list that will depict the information like the
person who reported the case, date and time, date and time of check in into the hotel by
the diseased along with room number, date, time and reason of the death. A proper list
will also be prepared by the hotel which will have the details of the belongings and
luggage possessed by the guest. The luggage of the dead person will be then shifted to the
luggage room and the concerned who is dealing with all these exercises will sign on all
the documents as an evidence.
6. So far as the rebooking of such room where any death has been occurred is concerned,
it is the responsibility of the hotel administration to request for a clearance letter from
police department. After receiving NOC from the competent authority, the room will be
opened and treated with chemicals to disinfect and sanitize it and with the permission of
the GM/RM the room will be opened for further booking.
The biggest challenge in front of hotel industry is to reacting and coping up with
situation. The hotels need to establish relations with the locals i.e. administration, police,
Fire men, environmentalist, NGO‟s, cybercrime department, banks etc. The
environmentalist will suggest hotelier to comply with strict norms while police
department will assist hotel in how to be responsive while tracing an unidentified article
in hotel surrounding, the fire department will provide assistance in installing firefighting
equipment at the strategic locations in the hotels. As hotels have their conference rooms
and it can be offered to the concern organizations/departments at discounted rates or
sometimes free of cost may create some sense of belongingness. The participation into the
local fare and festival will also boost the hotelier‟s relationship with locals and it will act
like a supporting hand for them during any crisis.
Compromise with certain things can also lead to overcome crisis. As there are certain
hotels who are strict with their “no pet please” policy but due to the low tourist movement
they relaxed the policy to motivate guests intending to stay in the hotel along with their
pets. Hotels offer special incentives to attract travelers like pay for four night and get one
night additional free or discounted coupons to redeem during happy hours or casino
coupons to play over casinos of the hotel. During power outage, the hotel may request all
the guests to check out simultaneously it may also request for blackout party those who
want to stay.
The hotel administration can also create a corpus with funds provided by themselves and
they can ask for a compulsory contribution from every employees as well. This corpus
must have a crystal clear norms while utilizing during crisis. If the employees and their
family members are protected, then the hotel will be in a position to earn profit.
The hotel administration can also take the help of technologies to cope up crisis. The
technological advancement will enhance the quality of the security in hotel.
Establishing communication with the guests those who have been served in past. It will
help hotel administration to establish a customer relation and efforts should be to convert
them into a loyal customer. The record keeping is a healthy exercise and can be used for
future reference as well. The guest who stayed into the hotel long back may seek any
information pertaining to his/her stay, food served, food preparation process and many
more at any point of time. A customer will be delighted if as per the guest history records
The preparedness in crisis will also have a positive impact on hotel operation. The Hotels
have been asked to install CCTV cameras, metal detectors, x-ray screening and bollards
to its premises. Even the hotel employees have also provided with the training to fight
against any crisis.
Cost cutting during crisis can be a wise decision to be in business during such scenario.
The major areas of cost cutting can be traced out like all the recruitment process can be
withheld, staffs can be sent on vacations, and volunteers can be asked for vacations. The
hotel floors where guests have not been turned up, the electric and water supply can be
closed. It will save electricity and thus, efficiently man power can be utilized. Crisis
management teaches the lesson to survive with in limited available resources.
The hotel administration should ensure that it has offered training to its every employee to
fight against disaster. The hotel staff must be competent enough to understand the
situation and accordingly, the course of action to be followed. When the Taj Hotel,
Mumbai was under terrorist attack, it was their staff members who brought guests to the
safer places. It was done because the employees were able to sense the impact of such
incidents and they focused only on providing safety and security to the guests calmly and
without taking care of their own lives. The hotel administration must bind the employees
into a team and communicate accordingly like the employee should know whom to report
and how to react while dealing against a disaster.
The hotels may also seek opinion from any restoration company regarding pre-loss
assessment so that the hotel administration may purchase insurances against property and
physical loss. As soon as the disaster is over and upon feeling that now it is safe to roam
around, the hotel administration can take a look of the damages and instruct maintenance
and engineering department to take care of the repair or replacements at the earliest so
that the hotel operation can be ensured. In the meantime a circular will also be issued to
the residing guests to not visit the dangerous area indicated through a map. The hotel
administration will also make a file regarding the loss and damages caused due to disaster
for the final insurance claim.
After doing all these exercises, it is good to engage the staff members in cleaning up
process. The hotel staff should be indulged for cutting the unnecessary trees and branches
fallen down, removing debris, draining water from the logging areas and drying it for
further use. The counseling session followed by a religious rituals before opening for
booking can also be helpful in overcoming the trauma felt by the hotel administration.
SUMMARY
To sum up it can be said that safety and security is a prime component that contributes
into the mental satisfaction. If a tourist is aware of that he is safe and secure, he/she will
enjoy the destination in the desired manner. The hotel‟s safety and security is also
GLOSSARY
Tourism: The motive which pursues a traveler to visit certain place.
Safety: It has been defined as a condition in which a person is being protected from harm
caused by unintentional failure
Hotel Resources: The components that contribute into providing guest satisfaction. It
includes all the facilities offered by hotel to recreate its guests.
Emergency Situation: The situation that cannot be predicted and can arise due to man
made efforts or nature.
Evacuation Process: The procedure that is being followed by the guests with the help of
the hotel staff to be at a safer place during any emergency situation.
REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety By
Peter Tarlow
Safety and Security in Tourism Relationships, Management and Marketing By C.
Michael
SUGGESTED READINGS
Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety By
Peter Tarlow
Safety and Security in Tourism Relationships, Management and Marketing By C.
Michael
Hall, Dallen J. Timothy and David Timothy Duval.
Tourism, Security and Safety (The Management of Hospitality and Tourism
Enterprises) -Yoel Mansfeld & Abraham Pizam
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on „Best Practices of Safety and Security: A Study of Taj and Oberoi
Hotels, Mumbai‟.
2. Define security? Explain the importance of Security Departments of Hotels.
3. List the guidelines of security followed in hotels.
4. As a manager of a five star hotel how you will deal with:
a. Dealing with Fire
b. Dealing with Death
c. Dealing with Crisis
d. Dealing with Disaster
5. Write the note on „Significance of Safety and Security‟.
UNIT: 02
SAFETY SECURITY AND
TOURIST DESTINATION
Structure
Introduction
Objective
Destination Images from Tourist Perspective
The Role of Media in Influencing Consumer‟s Perception of Travel Safety
Understanding Tourist Security, its importance and Impact on Tourism Industry
Consumer Awareness of Travel Advisories and Their Influence on Behavior
Common Problems and Challenges with Hotel and Tourism Destinations Security
Security Issues at Airports, Railway Stations, Single Women Travelers in India
Tourist Police and Its Role
Role of Ministry of Tourism, Government of India/ UN WTO Guidelines/ Advises on safety and Security
International Issues on Tourist Security
The Role of Insurance in the Travel Industry
Summary
Glossary
References/Bibliography
Terminal Questions
INTRODUCTION
Safety and security are vital to providing quality in tourism. More than any other
economic activity, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends on being able to
provide a safe and secure environment for visitors. In the case of leisure tourists on
organized trips, the tourists‟ travel behavior is facilitated by two stakeholders in the
tourism system––tour operators in the generating markets and tour operators in the
receiving destination. Both share a common objective of mitigating the almost inevitable
damage resulting from a change in the security climate of a given destination. Since these
stakeholders do not normally coordinate their reactions to security-oriented crises, each
has to perform an individual assessment of the other side‟s actions taken to mitigate the
damage.
OBJECTIVE
After reading this chapter, the students will be able to:
Understand perception and role of media in influencing consumer‟s
perceptions.
Major components of Destination Image can be broadly divided into two parts:
1. Tangible Attributes: Tangible attributes are those components which are
available over destination and it supports a place calling it a “destination”.
Hotel buildings, infrastructure, attractions etc. are included in this list.
2. Psychological Attributes: These are the components which deals with the
individual‟s belief about the destination and often called as cognitive
components. It often talks about the tourist behavior and helps in decision
making while choosing a destination.
There has been a long debate on the credibility of the information shared by traditional
media over social media and the users have found that social media is more reliable
because it opens the path of two way communication which seems to be more realistic
Significance of using social media: There are any purposes by which the users are
following social media. Their details are discussed below:
1. The timely shared information may cautious the traveler from any potential
crisis like harm, crime, loss of life, political risk, natural calamity etc.
2. The traveler may likely to cope up the crisis which may lead to meager
impact.
3. The social media flashes the news first i.e. the firsthand information is
being shared by social media which is more authentic and reliable in
nature.
4. It crosses the geographical area very fast.
5. To get in touch with outer world regarding the latest happenings.
Importance of Tourist Security: The destination is being represented by the tourist. The
overall satisfaction is being felt by the traveler generates more tourists to the destination,
the attributes of the destination brings more satisfied tourists and hence, the destination
get converted into a brand. More tourist facilities are increased and supply pattern is
being changed. The dependency of the locals on tourism is also increased gradually. More
tourist inflow will generate more employment opportunity and the flow of income is
maintained. But it all are based on tourist inflow and better services. The safety and
security is one of the components that bring satisfaction to the travelers. So a dissatisfied
traveler will stop many to visit a place which is not compatible (tourist friendly) to
travelers. The destination with negative image (often confronted with agitation, crime,
curfew, community clashes etc.) will hardly attract tourist from remote places. So, a
tourist centric destination is important not for individual tourists but for every
stakeholders who is reaping benefit from it i.e. government, locals etc.
Impact on Tourism Industry: For the prosperity of any nation it is utmost required that
government should create a favorable environment for tourists to visit. If the governments
are considering tourism as a cash cow, they should provide amenities at least of that
extent. The slackness in maintaining law and order at destinations may affect tourist
inflow. The reputation of the destination will also be affected which may prevent the
tourists to visit and revisit. Tourism is a business and in any business investment is
required, similarly, tourism development attracts a lot of investments from various
stakeholders and imagine if the tourists are not willing to visit what will be the
consequences? As we know all touristic activities are meant for solace and peace of mind
and any miss-happening will bring all his time and money spoilt. Therefore, the
governments are putting a lot of efforts to branding a destination crime free and tourist
friendly. In this regard a lot of capacity building programmes and awareness programmes
have been launched to signify the importance of tourist safety and security in the
prospects of economy.
These advisories are helpful to tourists in many folds but the question is whether tourists
use certain sources to access these advisories, how much they rely on these sources and in
the last do they really act as per the SOP mentioned in the advisory. The answer to these
questions are different because on cannot estimate the number of the tourists.
The content of the travel advisory varies from country to country and destination to
destination. But most of the common information are related with travel safety and
security, health, entry and exit procedure and documents required, local laws and culture,
weather and climatic conditions. Travel advisory also share certain dos and don‟ts. It also
highlights the emergency contact details for instant help during crisis situation. We
should not forget that COVID 19 emerged as a crisis throughout globe and every country
released advisory on travelling. Airlines also came forward with their advisories along
with SOP, hotel industry opted their own SOP, and special guidelines were launched for
tourist, tourism and destinations.
Sources of Travel Advisory: There are many sources of travel advisories but the
significance lies in the fact that which are the reliable and authentic sources.
Statutory Bodies: The advisory in India in always being circulated through the
government bodies like Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Environment or Ministry
of Tourism when it comes to deal with tourism. All the information are shared through
their official websites and links. These are the most reliable sources of information.
Social Media: There are certain sources which are linked all together and spread travel
advisory. These platforms are called as social media platforms. These are volunteering
Traditional Media: Traditional media like radio and television also shares advisories but
it is not possible that every time people are careful to read or listen advisories. It is also
considered as a reliable source of sharing advisories.
Web Portals of Airlines, Hotels, Travel Agents and other officials dealing with the
tourism: The official websites of the tourism stakeholders also helpful in offering
essential information on tourism and related activities in their respective countries and
areas. It also supports travelers in deciding their holiday packages.
1. Terrorism in the form of lone wolves: There are certain individuals who
are radicalized and are ready to sacrifice themselves for the unknown noble
cause. This type of terrorism is caused due to identifying
2. Responsibility of Media: Many times it has been seen that media breed
hysteria. A small incident is been narrated with such a twist that it becomes
a blow out of proportion. The media gives an impression that the particular
place is not safe place for visitors and thus tourism get affected.
3. Cyber Crimes: We are residing in such a world where things are just one
click away. The plastic money is with us and it is being used for all types
of payment made to airlines, hotels, shopping, food etc. For this purpose a
computer set up is required which keeps an eye over all the billing process.
The most of the fraudulent cases has been reported over the destinations
are related to cybercrime in which all the personal e data are stolen and re
used through morphed exercises.
4. Quality of food stuffs: The ingredients used by the hotels and restaurants
are another treat to life because being a tourist we do not know the quality
of the food stuff which are being used for food and beverages services.
There is no such mechanism to check the quality of the poultry products,
milk products and fruits and vegetables and even the preparation standards.
Genetically Modified (GM) foods are highly demanded products but it is
not good for health while Chinese salt (MSG) is a cancer causing
substance which is often used in restaurants for preparation of Chinese
dishes.
6. Over Taxation: The tourism has been considered as a cash cow and it is
the reason why the governments are imposing so much taxes particularly
on tourism related services. It is their faith that tourists are richer and they
The guests are always welcomed by hotels because it depicts Guest is God. The
accommodation facility has been granted to everyone who is intending to stay and
capable to pay. But there are also threat of security in the hotels as well. The details are
given below:
2. Theft: The theft is a common problem which can be seen in almost every
hotel. The belongingness of the guest and luggage are often picked up by
someone who seems to be the hotel employee but when it is enquired, it
seems a spurious person who entered the hotel by pretending himself as an
employee. Sometimes guests are also held responsible for carrying out
theft in the hotel. The picking up of towels, soaps, ashtrays, hair driers,
T.V and AC remote are some of the common items which have been
recovered from guests during checking out.
4. Disorderly Conduct: When a rock star, super star or cine star stays in a
hotel, the public behaves rudely asthey want to get the glimpse of their
favorite star. The crowd management is a big challenge because public can
be rowdy and create ruckus. The potential damage to hotel property,
people and vehicles cannot be ignored.
1. Discuss some of the issues prevailing over tourist destinations regarding tourist
safety and security.
3. Safety of runways from wild animals are another concern because open
area is always a fascination for wild animals who come out of their holes
to run and prey. It affects the safe landing of the air crafts.
4. Clear Open sky for aircrafts is also required because bird hitting is a
common phenomenon. The aircrafts are damaged and complains of engine
failure often happen due to the bird hitting exercise. Many flights are
cancelled due to engine failure and passengers are left stranded with no
option.
6. Airports are now a hub of beggars, homeless people, drug abuse and
mentally ill people who loiter heather and thither in the airport campus
7. The public side of the airports are highly vulnerable when it comes to
terror attack which may be confronted in the form of active shooting,
baggage filled with explosives, ramming of vehicles into the airport area,
weaponized drones etc.
9. Potential safety and security threats caused due to airport employee who is
indulged in supporting and assisting terrorist. The person can get involved
in smuggling drugs, weapons, money laundering etc. Recently, a flight
attendant was caught with carrying foreign currencies illegally and that
were kept in food pouches, supposed to be served to the passengers with
freshness during journey. The direct access to the aircraft might have
motivated miscreants to indulge into this type of crime.
Security issues at Railway Station: Railways are the backbone of Indian passengers
because millions of people travel from one place to another. The railways stations are
most vulnerable in safety and security because of number of persons available at a time.
The safety and security at the railway station is divided into the following parts:
The major challenges which a railway station may face fall under the category of
terrorism, fire, abandoned luggage, entry to restricted area, evacuation process during any
emergency situation without much harm. Railway stations are also home to differently
abled people, beggars, orphans, widows, young and small children, unauthorized persons
and nobody is there to bother. The antisocial elements also become active during night
time and always waiting for their preys. The thieves are always waiting for a suitable time
to pick the belongingness or pocket of passengers who is standing in a que for ticket,
enjoying tea in the cafeteria or busy in chit chat with their friends and relatives. The other
group of the miscreants are there to wait for the trains to be into the sheds where they can
exercise their motives of theft and other illegal activities.
Security issues relating to female solo travelers in India: It has been a debatable topic
whether India is safe for female solo travelers. There is a mix response against it. Those
who have seen India with in its proximity, have different opinion. However, the common
issues which is confronted by majority of the female solo travelers are discussed below:
2. Heat, dust and noise: This is a common issue of every destination. The
poorly designed destinations are full of dust and noise and above all the
prevailing climatic conditions of the Indian subcontinent is also
responsible for creating nuisance to the travelers.
3. Staring, groping and stalking: The solo female travelers are always a prey
for anti –social elements. Such elements always keep an eye over such
female solo traveler/s (soft target) who can easily be victim. The need of
the hour is to protect such travelers from miscreants through certain strict
rules and regulations.
4. Getting Sick and feeling lonely: The major challenge with solo traveler is
to take care of herself during any emergency situation. If she is ill, sick or
met out with any awkward situation, who should be there to take care for
her.
However, there is no hard and fast rule to curb safety and security issues pertaining to
solo female travelers in India but it the sole responsibility of the concern herself how she
is reacting/ tackling any awkward situation. The emergency contact numbers and women
helpline numbers are always displayed at eye catching points in the cities, the local police
station is also marked. It is also advised to such travelers that they should take extra
precaution while traveling to destinations. Even general advisories are also issued by the
governments time to time. Late night movements in case of pick up and drop from
airports railway station, use of late night public transport and parties are always
discouraged especially for solo travelers.
3. Explain the issues and challenges related to solo women traveler regarding safety
and security issues.
Funding: For the initial three years from the date of establishment, the central
government will bear fifty percent of the expenditure incurred on this project. The
remaining fifty percent (matching share) will be borne by the respective state
governments and union territories. For the next three years, the Government of India will
Pilot Project: Initially three states Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh were
identified for implementing this project. It was decided that certain individual destination/
circuit will identified from these concerned states. To check the effectiveness of the pilot
project, Kushinagar and Shravasti from Uttar Pradesh, Jaipur from Rajasthan and
Golconda Fort from Andhra Pradesh were chosen.
Deployment of TFSO Personnel: Initially, they were deployed at tourist places assigned
with the responsibility to escort the tourist group with in the destination or circuit. They
were also deployed at railway station, bus stands and airports or at any place where there
deployment is required.
Role and responsibility of TFSO Personnel: The major role and responsibility of TFSO
are:
a. To maintain safety and security at the destination and report the crime if
any against tourists to the local administration/ nearest police station.
b. To provide necessary information to the tourists for their smooth
movement at the destination.
c. To make aware tourists about the do‟s and don‟ts of the place, also about
the activities of touts and undesirable elements. It will also include the
reporting of such cases to the higher authority in curbing the situation.
d. To report any emergency situation related to tourists to higher authorities.
e. To assist in loss and found activities along with managing traffic and
crowd.
f. To check unscrupulous practices like gambling, alcohol consumption, drug
trafficking or illegal selling of liquors.
g. To ensure cleanliness of the destination by advising the tourists to throw
their litters at designated places.
Tourist Police: In some of the states where TFSO personnel are not working, it is the
tourist police who is taking care of tourist destinations and tourists. In general term,a
police is a civil force that is responsible for detecting and preventing crime and to
maintain law and order. Similarly, a tourist police constitute the similar task but
specifically for tourist and tourism. If we turn the history of tourist police in India, it is
the Goa state who formulated and executed the concept of tourist police somewhere in
1990. It not only ensured safety and security of the tourists in and around Goa but also
helps tourism department in implementing the provisions of Goa Registration of Tourist
Trade Act 1982. As per NDTV report, currently tourist police is active in 16 states and
carrying out the following duties and responsibilities:
a. To control crime and maintaining law and order over the destinations.
b. To obtain and collect information relating to the person/s indulged in
crime/s over the destination and vigilant over such culprits.
c. To ensure that all the crimes reported and registered with the support of
tourists.
Tourist Police Station: It refers to any kiosk, place or post designated by the state
government to offer policing services to the tourist at the destination. This tourist police
post will work under the supervision of SP/SSP. This police station will be established
either in permanent shape or moveable set up of fiber or glass furnished with a tables,
chairs, small wardrobe and toilet facility. The establishment should be eye catching with a
mixture of dark colors, clearly visible from a distance. The name of the tourist police
station along with logo should be displayed, the slogan Incredible India should also be
engraved to make aware the tourist about the brand of India tourism.
Deployment of Tourist Police: The provision of deploying tourist police includes major
tourist attractions that includes monuments falling under world heritage sites, entry and
exit points like railway station, airports and bus terminals. Along with this, the police can
be deputed to major religious shrines, shopping areas, entertainment areas where tourists
interacts with touts, hawkers and shopkeepers. The deployment will ensure the hassle free
movement of the tourists at these places and it will also build the sense of confidence
among them.
It may be concluded that tourism is a leisure activity and it should not be hampered
because of any unscrupulous practice. To check such practices and to maintain law and
order over destination is a prime factor if we really want to promote tourism and talk
1. Describe the duty and responsibility of TFSO personnel in maintaining safety and
security.
2. Who are tourist police? Discuss the role of tourist police in Tourism.
The Ministry of Tourism, Government of India was set up in the year 1967 and Dr. Karan
Singh was appointed as a maiden minister. Since then MOT is progressing neaps and
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India’s stand on Safety and Security: The MOT
in its policy released in the year 2007 concentrates on 7 S points of tourism development.
Out of this 7S, one and very prominent in “SURAKSHA”. The MOT in his advises talks
about the following issues when it comes to deal with safety and security:
1. It promotes tourism activities to be undertaken with dignity, safety and
freedom from exploitation for all the stakeholders.
2. It advocates to prevent illegal happenings like prostitution, sex tourism,
molestation and assaults with tourists over the destinations to provide
safety of persons, in particular women and children.
3. It also focuses on preventing the consumption of drugs(forced or
involuntary)over destinations and cultural and social intolerance which
could increase vulnerability to crime.
Application: The code of conduct (COC) shall be strictly adhered by the owners,
suppliers, contractors, employees of the travel and tour sector including hotels,
restaurants, lodges, guest houses, tour agents, entertainment establishments etc. In
addition, it shall be applicable to service providers like event management organizations,
entertainment providers, transport operators like taxis, buses, tour guides and other
services or agencies associated with the tourism sector.
Safety and Security Guidelines (For Industry): The Tourism management will provide
training and management to their staff members to ensure safety and security of tourists,
local people and staff members at their place. All the stakeholders will appoint personnel
to look into the matter if all the safety measures have been strictly adhered. In case of any
incidence of exploitation, the entrusted person will report the correct issue to the
appropriate higher authority who will ensure the strict action to be taken against such
miscreant.
UNWTO Guidelines/ Advises on Safety and Security: There are four important areas
which can be considered as risk originating and safety and security is required utmost.
These are:
It has been further suggested by UNWTO that the success of the coordination lye‟s only
when National Tourism Council (NTC) will be formulated as an apex body to look into
the maters associated with safety and security. But the mere formation of NCT will not be
enough to accomplish the goals of safety and security but it will further create a National
Safety and Security Committee by comprising members from the following Indian
government agencies:
a. National Tourism Board
b. Police Department
c. Immigration Department
d. Judiciary Department
e. Customs Department
f. Transportation Department
g. Health Department
h. Ministry of External Affairs
i. Ministry of Social Welfare/ Civil Defense
j. Airlines Operators ( Government and Non -Government)
k. Hotel Operators
l. TAAI
m. IATO
n. FHRAI
o. Consumer Group
p. Retail Trade Organizations
q. Research Centers focusing on safety and security oriented researches
Policy and Planning: The policy on safety and security would comprise the following:
a. Principles, Goals and objective to fulfil the primary set up
b. Clarity in guidelines so that reinforce agency may act accordingly
c. Need to recognize tourist safety and security as a vital element
d. Need of Resource sharing formulae fit for every key player
1. Discuss the role and responsibility of MOT, GOI in maintaining safety and
security of tourist and destinations in India.
2. Explain the stand of UNWTO regarding safety and security issue in tourism.
During the period of 1970-90, few of the incidences really became thought provoking
issues. The high jacking of airlines, bomb blasts, terrorist activities, civil unrest and wars
proved to be additional risk factors. It was for the first time when WTO (now UNWTO)
considered safety and security as a major component to tourism. It passed certain
directives to tourist generating countries through its Hague Declaration planning and
policy.
Now we are living in the era of Global tourism with a slogan “Earth is our family”.
Tourism gradually flourished with this concept but with the increase in number of tourists
globally it attracted many issues and challenges. It was stated that tourist and tourism
cannot harm anyone but blessings always come in disguise. The negative impacts of such
inflows were witnessed by many communities. Drug puddling, prostitution,
showmanship, molestation, misbehave rape and killing became common issues, theft and
looting and evidences of cross cultural incidences increased over destinations
tremendously. The demand of some special type of treatment in tourism sector motivated
people to indulge into child trafficking, sex tourism, drug tourism, rave parties and even
call girls. Some of the destinations became pioneer in attracting special interest tourism.
Terrorism has identified tourism as a soft target to attack. Very often hotels and
restaurants become the victim of such organized terror. The innocent people who has
nothing to do with such miscreants are killed. Taj and Oberoi hotels at Mumbai witnessed
the killing of more than 200 people who were there to enjoy their vacations.
How insurances are beneficial to tourists: A loss can be incurred to a traveler in the
following ways:
1. Loss of the physical properties like passport, articles of personal use,
valuable items etc.
2. Legal liability on the part of service provider like discrepancy in promised
services (breach of contract) and delivered services, delivery of faulty
items, non-valued services etc.
3. Personal loss on the part of traveler caused due to consumption of bad
quality of food and beverages, negligence on the part of vehicles used for
commuting, death caused due to natural reasons, killing and murder are
caused due to socialization etc.
Insurance is part and parcel of tourism business. It is also an integral part of the risk
management. Every business follows a kind of insurance plan and this plan determines
the nature of the items to be insured. It also focuses on the types of assets and hazards
which needs to be covered through an appropriate insurance policy. It should be brought
to the notice that insurance never guarantees that the things will never turn out. It does not
make activities safer and never talks to reduce nor stop the possibility of incidents from
happening rather it is a matter of post incident activity of the risk management process.
Generally, tourists opt individual insurance packages which are not being covered
through normal travel insurance plans. Both individual tourist and service provider insure
themselves against the risks as a precautionary step and thus minimizes the negative
impact of certain future risk covered through insurance plans.
To conclude it can be said that insurance policies are available in wider form. It starts
with the tourists as soon as he/she leaves his/her house and till the time he/she returns
home after spending a quality time. The insurance policies are also available to cover the
protection of the property which may be potentially targeted by the house burglar, fire etc.
SUMMARY
Safety and security is a prime requirement in tourism industry. The host community
should be taught for the significance of tourism in their daily life, the destinations should
be developed in such a manner that it should reflect tourist centric. The government
should formulate and execute policies to keep way touts, beggars, drug peddlers,
miscreants, anti-social elements, criminals etc out from the destination areas or their entry
should be banned. A sense of security should be provided by the government either
through implementing strict law and order in compliance with the police personnel over
the destinations. The issues of eve teasing, exploitation, molestation, rape, theft and
cheating, misbehave etc with the tourists have been reported which brings a negative
image of destination in international market. The introduction of tourist police or tourist
friends can be a solution to it. The travelers are also advised to go through the travel
advisory which are being displayed on the UNWTO official sites or on the official
government sites of the respective counties. The travelers are also advised for the travel
insurances which are available in readymade and tailored made options and offered by
MNC.
GLOSSARY
Destination Image: It is a set of components like ideas, belief and impressions that a
tourist possesses regarding a destination.
Tourist Police: A special police force deputed at important places flocked by tourists and
entrusted with the responsibility to provide assistance to tourists to save them from being
cheated, harassed etc.
REFERENCES
Safety and Security in Tourism, Relationships, Management And Marketing
(Editors C.M. Hall, D.J. Timothy, D.T.Duval,The Haworth Hospitality Press)
Tourist Safety and Security, Practical Measures for Destinations, WTO (1996)
www.goapolice.gov.in official website of Goa police
Bprd.nic.in
Safecoastaltourism.org
ageconsearchumn.edu (safety and security in the age of Global Tourism). The
changing role and Conception of safety and security in tourism by Istvan
Kovari and Krisztina Zimanyi.
SUGGESTED READINGS
Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety By
Peter Tarlow
Safety and Security in Tourism Relationships, Management and Marketing By C.
Michael
Hall, Dallen J. Timothy and David Timothy Duval.
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
UNIT: 03
TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION
Structure
Introduction
Objective
Introduction to Travel Documentation
Documentation required while leaving and entering into India.
Passport, its types and procedures to obtain an Indian passport
Currency Regulations
Concept of Basic Travel Quota (BTQ)
Custom Regulations
Health Certificates
Insurance, Immigration and Emigration
Summary
Glossary
References/Bibliography
Suggested Readings
Terminal Questions
INTRODUCTION
A travel document is an identity document issued by a competent authority like
government of a country or international treaty organization to facilitate the movement of
individuals or small groups of people across international boundaries, following
international agreements. Travel documents usually assure other governments that the
bearer may return to the issuing country, and are often issued in booklet form to allow
other governments to place visas as well as entry and exit stamps into them. The most
common travel document is a passport, which usually gives the bearer more privileges
like visa-free access to certain countries. However, the term is sometimes used only for
those documents which do not bear proof of nationality, such as a refugee travel
document.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this unit the students will be able to:
1. Valid Passport: It generally informs the authority about the nationality of the
passport holder.
2. Granted VISA permit: The visa permit describes the types of visa which has
been granted to the person along with its duration.
3. Health Certificate: This certificate is required against yellow fever. The person
who has entered in India either by sea route or by air route by touching the area of
4. Travel Insurance: The travelers can be protected through insurances against loss
of life, medical expenses caused due to major and minor injuries or loss or theft of
baggage. It covers the compensation in both the places i.e. within the own country
and foreign destination.
6. Registration Formality: All the foreigners who are entering into India on valid
document and their stay has been planned for six months or more than that needs
to be registered at Foreigners Regional Registration Offices located at the capital
cities of the states or at certain strategic locations within fifteen days of their
arrival.
The above documents are also prevailing in the context of Indian citizens who are
traveling overseas for any purpose.
1. Such passengers who have been registered in the FRRO office have to surrender their
registration certificate to the FRRO office where the registration was doneor to the
immigration office at the exit point to get exit endorsement. All the persons leaving India
by either of any means i.e. air, water, land or rail have to furnish embarkation card.
2. Vaccine certificate is advised for all those persons who are leavingfor yellow fever
prone area or touching yellow fever infected zone. However, the vaccination certificate is
not required for the infants who areless than the six months old. The persons suffering
from chronicle diseases are also exempted from vaccination against yellow fever and the
crew members and passengers of such a craft which landed in the territory of any yellow
fever zone and if it is found that such crew members and passengers never left the craft to
land on the soil of such infected area are also free from vaccination.
3. Incase a foreigner who is a resident in India and leaving the country permanently,
should receive no objection certificate from the local income tax department.
4. The foreign parents whose child is born in India, will opt exit visa while leaving from
India. This exit visa can be obtained from local FRRO seven days prior to departure. The
Xerox copies of following documents are required to opt exit visa:
5. Export Certificate: To refrain from custom duty charges, a passenger carrying high
value items such as jewelries out of India and it is estimated to be imported back to India,
such passengers must receive export certificate.
However, in some of the cases though the documents are not required but certain given
below do‟s are expected from the travelers.
1. The Indians visiting abroad can carry Indian Currency RS 7500 along with
them. However, exporting Indian National Rupee outside India is strictly
prohibited.
2. The foreigners departing from India can carry foreign exchange or
currency with them but the value should not exceed the amount which was
brought by them while entering into India or equivalent to US dollar
10000.
3. The foreigners can export gold as much as they can from India but it
should be kept in the bonafide baggage of the customer.
4. The foreigners should not indulge into the practice of purchasing, selling
or using of psychotropic drugs like charas, cocaine and heroin as it is a
cognizable offence and such cases will be dealt as per Indian Penal Code
of Indian Constitution.
5. Income Tax Clearance Certificate is required for such foreigner/foreigners
who has stayed in India for more than 120 days. It is a kind of certification
that the concern person stayed in India on his/her own expenses and
neither indulged into any form of employment or remunerative activity nor
sold his/her valuable items to maintain the expenses.
6. The trading and purchasing of live animals or items/souvenirs made from
wild life animals that are protected under Wild Life Protection Act is a
punishable offense which attracts punishment in the form of imprisonment
as well as heavy fine in monitory terms.
b. The place of issuing of the passport along with date of validity, expiring and
issuing authority.
c. The passport in India is valid for 10 years from the date of issue
1. Ordinary Passport: This dark blue color passport is issued to all the interested
nationals of India who is intending to visit any foreign country in near future.
There are some other documents which also act as passport and are equally important.
a. Alien Passport: This passport is issued to the foreign nationals who are residing
in India as homeless (not considerable under Indian citizenship act) and are often
designated as alien nationals. It is also called as document of Individual.
b. Emergency Passport: The person who has lost or misplaced his/her original
passport and does not have time to apply for a fresh passport. Such persons can
apply for an emergency passport.
d. Family passport: There isonly one passport issued in the name of family and it
depicts the names of every individual who are travelling together. Any individual
member can also carry that passport at any point of time to travel and hence, there
is no need of separate passport.
e. Children’s Identity Card: Such cards are issued to minors but with certain limits
of travelling.
f. Hajj Passport: It is a special document issued to the pilgrims who are visiting
Hajj and Umrah, Mecca, Medina located in Saudi Arabia.
There are other documents which are also used as passport in other parts of world but its
use is permissible under certain restrictions and is limited to certain countries and
boundaries.
3. Camouflage Passport: These passport are issued in the name of those country
which existed previously but in the present scenario either the identity of such
countries has been lost or their identity has been changed. The intention to obtain
such passport is not humanitarian.
4. Internal Passport: In modern scenario, there are only three countries (China,
North Korea and Russian Federation) are using this form of passport. The primary
motive to issue such documents was to restrict the movement of the people of sub
divided states of above mentioned countries for employment i.e. preventing them
to migrate to other regions or richer cities.
5.
6. China Travel Document: This document is issued to the Chinese residents by the
People‟s Republic of China in place of passport.
The applicant can also apply through offline mode. Either they can download the
application form provided online or can purchase it from District Passport Cell by making
a payment of RS 10/-. Duly filled application form supported by all the relevant
documents (date of birth, residential proof, identity proof and proof of nationality) will be
submitted in physical to the District Passport Cell counter where the concern official will
check and verify the application form, photograph and attached documents. Upon
satisfaction the payment will be made through demand draft. It is expected that the
applicant should furnish the details like his/her name, date of birth and date of submission
of the application form behind the demand draft. The applicant will receive an
acknowledgement letter that contains the file number which is used to track the status of
the passport on line.
Procedure to be followed for Tatkal Passport: This facility has been extended to those
applicants who are in need of urgent passport. There are certain restrictions to opt tatkal
scheme. After checking the details and on confirmation of the eligibility, one can apply
Tatkal Passport through e form submission, online mode or through in person. The
requisition fees can also be paid online. In this case if police verification is not required,
the passport is issued within one working day after receiving the application form. When
there is a need of police verification, the passport is issued on third working day after
receiving such requests. The following documents are required while applying Tatkal
Passport:
1. Discuss the documents that are required while entering into India?
CURRENCY REGULATIONS
As per the provisions of FEM (export and imports of currency) Regulations, 2015
regarding import and export of Indian currency is concerned, no foreigner is allowed to
import Indian National Rupee however,an Indian national can bring RS 25000 in India. In
case of foreign currency, there is no limit to send in India but if anyone is having US $
5000 in notes and coins or US $ 10000 in the form of traveler‟s cheques, cash and coin,
they should declare it through currency declaration forms available at custom offices
while arriving in India. The persons travelling to Bhutan and Nepal are entitled to carry
currency notes up to a limit of RS 25000 but in the denomination of RS 500 or RS 1000.
The persons from Nepal and Bhutan can also bring Indian National Rupee in India but
with the denominations of above RS 100.
Any person who is a resident of India, can carry INR not exceeding RS 25000 out of
India. In case of commemorative coins, only two such coins either may be carried
personally or sent out of India. Any person who has acquired foreign currency in India
through legal channel of business, is authorized to send foreign currency out of India. The
cheques which are drawn in the name of foreign currency account and such accounts are
maintained as per the norms of FEMR 2000. Such person may also receive foreign
exchange from any authorized person who has gained/drawn/earned/ foreign exchange
through legal process i.e. in compliance with the provisions of the FEMR, 2015 or
following the rules, regulations and other directive issues as per this act. As per the
provisions of this act, the vessels and aircrafts carrying foreign currency with due
permission of RBI can also bring into India.
Such travelers or persons resident out of India who came to India on tourist visa and after
spending some days they may return to their native places with unspent foreign exchange
with them. This foreign exchange should not exceed the amount that was declared by him
while entering into India through currency declaration form.
The export of Indian coins that are covered under Antique and Art Treasure Act, 1972 are
completely prohibited and no person is allowed to take or send it out of India.
All the foreign currencies are acceptable in India and visitors are advised to get their
currency exchanged through the nationalized banks and RBI approved money changers
only. The benefit of doing this exercise is to get the best exchange rates along with the
genuine currency notes. The government approved agents and nationalized bank will
hand over currency exchange certificates every time to the concerns which will be helpful
at the airport to return unused INR and also pursuing for tax clearing certificate from
Income Tax department. It will also prove that the legal channel was followed for
currency exchange. The exchange of currency through black markets are illegal and
probably the tourists may not get an attractive margin. The possibility of cheating also
exists if the person is exchanging foreign currency through illegal persons or
organizations.
As per RBI guidelines, the person going abroad from India on business trip can take
maximum 2,50,000 US Dollar per financial year as a Foreign exchange while in case of
Indian National currency it is RS 5000. If anyone is in need of carrying more than the
capped amount, they can seek prior permission from the RBI. The whole amount either
can be used in a single trip or can be fragmented into many parts depending upon the
number of visits but the limit will not be enhanced.Some of the forms of business trips
that are to be considered for foreign visits are attending an international conference,
The travelers going out of India are advised to carry 70 % foreign exchange through forex
travel card offered by many nationalized banks in India and which can be used for
payment purpose through swipes and remaining 30% can be carried in hard cash which
will be used against some of the services where cash payment is not possible. Carrying
Traveler‟s cheques cannot be a wise decision as it has become obsolete and even banks
refuge to accept it for payment.
So far as foreign currency procurement is concerned, it the authorized dealers who are
approved and appointed by RBI. These money changers are authorized to deal with
foreign currency with a maximum limit of 250000 USD per passenger. The person in
need of foreign currency under business trips needs to provide the following documents
to avail it:
1. Certificate of incorporation of company
2. PAN Card of the company
3. GST Certificate
4. Address Proof Copies (two)
5. Request letter to release foreign exchange on company‟s letterhead with seal
6. The ID proof of the concern person signing the request letter
7. Copy of the documents of person who is going abroad ( passport, sanctioned
VISA and returned air tickets)
8. Duly filled A2
Progress–II
2. What do you mean by BTQ? What are the provisions of carrying foreign
exchange under this means?
CUSTOM REGULATIONS
Duty free items permissible under Imports: The case is considerable under the
provision that when such non- residents are going to stay in India for not less than twenty
four hours and maximum of one hundred eighty days and limited to once in month.
A person who has attained the age of seventeen or more are entitled to bring in India
either of hundred cigarettes or one hundred twenty five grams of tobacco or twenty five
cigar along with two litters of alcoholic beverages or wine.
So far as jewelry is concerned, male non- resident can bring in India up to a value of INR
50000 while in case of a female traveler it is RS 100000.
Any resident of India/ national of India/People of Indian origin/ who has attained the age
of nine or more can bring souvenirs to India up to a value of INR 6000 if their stay was
scheduled in either of the country Bhutan/Nepal/China for more than three days. If the
duration is less than three days, no such items are permissible. If such person/persons
returning to India from any part of the world other than Bhutan/Nepal/ China are entitled
to bring souvenir up to a value of INR 45000 if their stay was fixed in that country for
more than three days while in case of less than three days stay the value is restricted to
INR 17500.
The person/persons who are below ten years of age and are the residents of Bhutan or
Nepal coming from their respective countries are not granted any exemption in duty free
items while the same nationals if they arrive in India from other countries are allowed
with articles up to INR 8000. The nationals of Pakistan who are entering into India from
Pakistan are allowed with article/articles up to a value of INR 6000 while such persons if
approaching to India from any country other than Pakistan the value of such
article/articles is increased up to a limit of INR 8000. The nationals of all the sovereign
countries can bring in India imported items up to a value of INR 8000.
The export and import of E cigarettes are totally prohibited in India and such items can be
confiscated at the custom office.
The goods in excess of the maximum permissible amount if carried by the traveler will
attract import duty which varies from item to item and whose details are available at all
the custom offices located in India.
In case of arm and ammunition import, it is the Directorate General of Civil Aviation
headquarters located in India will issue an authorization (import permit) to the concern
person/organization in this regards.
So far as the import of seeds and plants for any of the reasons like sowing, consumption,
plantation, research etc. are concerned, it requires a permit. Such import is strictly
prohibited at the airports like Amritsar, Varanasi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati,
Kolkata, Mumbai, Patna, Hyderabad, Trivandrum and Tiruchchirapalli.
The import of livestock and their product in all the manners is restricted. It can be done
with certain prerequisites/permits like receipt of sanitary import and NOC (no objection
certificate) from the animal quarantine and certification services. The items of birds and
bird products along with pig and pig meat products are strictly prohibited.
The import of human remains or ashes are done under certain regulations like the death
certificate strictly mentioning the cause of the death in English language or duly
translated in English will be accepted.Incomplete death certificates will not be entertained
at all. However, the concern airlines or carrier can be contacted for more clarifications in
this regard.
Export Regulations: The government of India has banned all the Indian coins that are
falling under the Antiques and Art Treasure Act, 1972.
Crew members can import gift items up to a value of INR 1500, however, they will
furnish all the details of dutiable item/items if any, in their Private Property List.
Pets are allowed if the owner has been transferred to India after the completion of two
years of continuous stay overseas. Under this provision, such owner are allowed to import
only two pets through the airports like Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and
Bengaluru only and subject to the submission of a health certificate issued from the
country of origin. The health certificate would certainly mention the name and address of
the owner in both the countries i.e. origin country and arrival country. The name
depicting on the health certificate should strictly tally with the name on the air ticket. The
concern person must hold the NOC seven days prior to import such baggage from the
Animal Quarantine and Certification Services (AQCS). It is the officer of AQCS who is
held responsible to physically examine the pets on arrival of their concerned airport.
HEALTH CERTIFICATES
Tourism is a recreational activity but we do not know the destination where somebody is
going may have some health issues unless or until we are not informed through some
reliable channels/sources. Health is a prime concern to everyone i.e. host and guest. The
travelers are potential carrier to many communicable diseases and some of the
destinations are known for some special type of diseases which is prevailing in those
There are two types of health concern raised against certain diseases. These are
preventive and curative measures. The preventive methods include vaccination which
protects us against serious diseases. It keeps us healthy and safe during our international
trips while curative measures includes the proper medication and keeping oneself in a
proper environment and climate.
There are two types of vaccination prevailing for international tourists. The first one is
compulsory vaccination and it is mandate and a certificate is needed in this regard. The
person failing to produce vaccination certificate either may be deported to the country of
origin or can be put under quarantine.The vaccination certificate can be obtained from a
registered medical practitioner, government hospitals and health clinics. The certificate
will bear the name of the person who has been vaccinated, the disease against which he
was vaccinated, date and signature which will prove its reliability. The vaccination if has
been done against yellow fever and cholera together, it will take twenty days to be
effective. While in general terms once vaccination has been done against yellow fever, it
is valid for ten years while vaccination certificate against cholera is valid for a period of
six months only. It is advisable that the travelers should go for the formality of
vaccination and procurement of vaccination certificate at least one month prior to their
scheduled movement. The second one is non-compulsory vaccination. Though there is no
strict guideline against certain diseases but for precautionary purpose it is advised to the
travelers if they are traveling to African and South American countries.
There are a number of travel companies that offer various insurance plan to travelers.
These plans may be opted item/activities wise or in comprehensive way that includes
many things in a single premium. However, the premium charged against the travel
insurance is based on the factors like health, age, place to visit, duration, purpose of the
visit and the number of benefits opted.
It is the responsibility of the travel agents and tour operators to council travelers regarding
the benefits of the travel insurance at the time of the booking holiday package or trips.
The travel agents must inform the travelers regarding the pros and cons of availing and
ignoring insurance plans. They should also inform the travelers regarding the potential
challenges in the foreign nation which may likely to be faced. They may also explain
them with various case studies and recorded audio-visuals aids of such sufferers/diseased.
The travel companies should also assist travelers in opting best insurance plans, the
coverage under the plan and the premium charges.
Immigration is an important term which is used to denote all the necessary steps which
are to be taken while entering into India or any foreign country. The immigration
department in India is located at 86 locations i.e. immigration check post of the country
(approached either through air, water or land routes) and is liable for checking and
verifying necessary documents of the person/s entering into India (visa, passport and
other documents). Out of this 86 immigration check post, 37 are running under the
Bureau of Immigration while remaining 49 are associated with the concerned state
governments. All the foreign nationals except from Pakistan and Bangladesh will have to
go for immigration clearance and will also furnish the arrival details in the arrival form.
The major function of immigration department in any country is to prevent unlawful entry
of any national in the country, provide facility to the lawful entries and look after
naturalization process and termination of residences not complying with the rules and
regulations. Immigration department in USA performs a number of task like inspection of
migrants entering into USA without valid documents, imposing fines to the airlines
carrying persons without verifying documents or lacking with documents, granting
citizenship to immigrants, detaining criminals declared under red corner, granting visa
permits and its extension, replacement of green cards against lost and many more.
Emigration check is required and essential at the time of departure from India and it is
done in the office of protectorate of emigrants (POE). Nobody will be allowed to leave
the country without emigration clearance. The emigration department protects its
nationals from any fraud, cheating or indulgence into unscrupulous practices that may
occur/taken overseas. Therefore, POE office asks for return air ticket to ensure the
returning of the person to India. Also, if POE finds the integrity of any person doubtful,
such person/s may be denied to leave the country besides availability of all the relevant
documents. In the passport it clearly mentioned whether emigration clearance is required
or not. The persons who are graduates, doctors, income tax payee, females whose
The duty of emigration officer at airport is highly risky. The emigration officers at
airports are police personnel that keeps an eye over every departure. They also keep in
mind the culprits/criminals who may leave the country after committing crimes. During
emergency, sometimes due to the unavailability of the POE officer or suspension of
emigration check, Assistant Commissioner (AC) emigration or Deputy Commissioner of
Police (DCP) emigration can be contacted. If they find the situation really genuine, the
applicant will be allowed to travel.
SUMMARY
To conclude it can be said that travel documents are utmost required if someone is
crossing an international boundary. The travel documents include a valid passport, visa
endorsed, vaccination certificate, insurance etc while leaving from India a foreign
national must have documents pertaining to currency exchange, cancellation of
registration certificate, income tax papers, TBRE forms, exit visa if applicable etc. To
avail passport, any citizen of India can apply for ordinary passport either through on line
or offline and fees for the same can be deposited in both the modes. The required
documents is also necessary to attach with the application form. The color of the passport
tells the type of person like blue color passport is issued to all the nationals of India, the
persons representing in India or on official visits may carry white or grey passport while
the persons working with consulates hold maroon passport. The travelers coming to India
are supposed to carry foreign currency without any limit but if they carry beyond 10000
dollars, they have to declare it through declaration certificate. No any foreign national
from Pakistan and Bangladesh can carry INR in India but the persons from Nepal and
Bhutan can bring in India INR not exceeding more than 25000. Custom Regulations
informs the travelers about the quantities of items like liquor, cigarettes, cigars and
tobacco that can be brought into India under certain limits. It gives a detailed list of the
items which are permissible in India. There are certain restrictions on the part of inbound
and out bound travel. Health certificate (vaccination) against yellow fever is mandate if
someone is travelling to South America or African countries or coming from those
countries to India. Insurance is always advisable against foreign trips because it protects
traveler from loss, damage of property and life. It insures against major and minor health
issues caused due to manmade and nature. Immigration department of any country keeps
the record of foreigner‟s entry. At the time of entry, they ensure that the person is having
the valid documents to stay in India. Emigration department ensures that the persons
leaving India must not be a criminal and will return to the country. It protects its nationals
from any unlawful activities or indulgence into any unlawful activity. There are some
categories of India nationals who are not required emigration check if they are travelling
out of India.
GLOSSARY
Travel Documents: All those documents which are needed for out bound travel. It
includes passport, visa, special permits, vaccination certificates etc.
Passport: An essential document which is required for foreign trips. It is the proof of
nationality.
Visa: An authorization given by the concern country where the passport holder is
intending to visit.
Currency Regulations: It informs the travelers regarding maximum foreign currency one
can bring into the country where he/she is visiting. It also make aware the dos and don‟ts
related while dealing with foreign currency.
BTQ: Basic Travel Quota is related with the allowance of carrying maximum foreign
currency by any Indian during his visit to overseas for the purpose like business or
personal visits.
Custom Regulations: The regulations that has been imposed to the foreigners while
entering into India in terms of articles/items used by them in certain limits without any
custom duty levied. It includes cigars, cigarettes, tobacco product, perfumes, toiletries,
gift items etc.
Health Certificates: The vaccination certificate is required against certain diseases like
yellow fever etc. if anyone is travelling to Africa or South America.
Travel Insurance: An important exercise that will protect a person in foreign country
against loss of life or property, damage caused due to natural and manmade factors. It
covers all the expenses done in that very country.
Immigration and Emigration: These two departments of any country plays an important
role in checking the entry or exit of unauthorized person/s from the country. The
immigration department allows any person to enter in India only after the verification of
the valid documents while emigration department protects its citizens from any cheating
or unscrupulous practices happen to be overseas.
REFERENCES
Safety and Security in Tourism, Relationships, Management And Marketing
(Editors C.M. Hall, D.J. Timothy, D.T.Duval,The Haworth Hospitality Press)
Tourist Safety and Security, Practical Measures for Destinations, WTO (1996)
www.goapolice.gov.in official website of Goa police
Bprd.nic.in
Safecoastaltourism.org
SUGGESTED READINGS
Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety By
Peter Tarlow
Safety and Security in Tourism Relationships, Management and Marketing By C.
Michael
Hall, Dallen J. Timothy and David Timothy Duval.
Tourism, Security and Safety (The Management of Hospitality and Tourism
Enterprises) -Yoel Mansfeld & Abraham Pizam
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
UNIT: 04
UNDERSTANDING VISA AND
PERMITS
Structure
Introduction
Objective
An Introduction to VISA and Permits
Understanding the Concept of VISA and its Types
Categories in which India gives VISA to Foreign Tourists
VISA Requirements and Procedure to Obtain Tourist VISA for Singapore, UK, USA and Australia
Restricts and Special Area Permits for Foreign Tourists their Procedure to Obtain
VISA on Arrival Scheme of Government of India
Summary
Glossary
References/Bibliography
Suggested Readings
Terminal Questions
INRODUCTION
The nature of visa varies on the type of sanctioned visa like there are some visas who are
limit with single entry. It means once a person has left the host country he/she cannot re-
enter into it i.e his/her visa is cancelled. They have to apply again if they want to re-enter
in the same country. There are some visa which has been extended with multiple entry.
Once the visa has been sanctioned for three or five year, the visa holder can enter into the
concern country many times. Once the visa has been granted, the traveler has to utilize it
with in a stipulated time frame. The grant of visa is also dependable upon the expiry of
the passport. Like, if the passport is about to expire within a year, the visa cannot be
sanctioned for a long time. Even the sanction of visa does not assure its holder to enter
into the issuing country unless the final authorities on the airport or seaport or at any entry
point finds the alien up to the mark of their own satisfaction to abide by the rules and
regulations of the concern country are liable to be allowed to enter.
OBJECTIVE
After reading this chapter, the students will be able to:
Define VISA, types and procurement process of different types of VISA.
Understand the concept of VISA on Arrival and its relevance in Tourism.
However to define visa it can be said that an endorsement issues to the foreign nationals
by the authorized representative of the concern country and has been marked in the
passport which allows the passport holder to enter, reside and travel in the country for the
fulfillment of motives like business, education, employment, tourism etc. So the granting
Types of Visa: The description of some of the common types of Visa are given below:
Tourist Visa: This type of visa is granted to persons visiting any foreign
country for the sake of entertainment, leisure, pleasure etc. The validity of
tourist visa varies from country to country and it falls between 90 to 365 days.
Transit Visa: This visa is granted to travelers who have to change their flight
or getting connection en route to their final destination. The maximum
duration of this visa is 72 hours. The proof to obtain transit visa is confirmed
airlines ticket along with the endorsed visa of the final destination.
Private Visa: Granted to a person who has been invited by the resident of the
host country.
Medical Visa: Granted to a person who has got appointment with a doctor
overseas for purpose of preliminary diagnose, treatment of disease or other
medical facilities.
Business Visa: This type of visa is granted to person/s for engaging into
commercial activities into the host country. Multiple entry is allowed under
the provision of this visa as the duration of the visa falls between three to five
years.
Refugee Visa: It is extended to the families who are stranded and taking
shelter in another country because of natural calamity or war.
Pilgrimage Visa: This visa is extended to the people who are going on
pilgrimage/religious destination in group. The best examples are Haj Visa
facilitated by Saudi Arabia or Kailash Mansarovar Yatra Visa provided by
Republic of China.
Student Visa: It is extended to the students who are taking admission into
higher education institutes of the visa issuing country. It provides the facility
of multiple entry with extension.
Temporary Worker Visa: Under the provisions of this visa, the issuing
country approves a person to take up an employment in the host country.
Residence Visa: Under the provision of this type of visa, the applicant/s is
granted long term residence in the host country. The country like New
Zealand asks for long term residence certificate before granting such
applicant/s the status of permanent residence.
Electronic Visa (E Visa): Under this provision of visa, a person is given with
a receipt against his online application. It acts like a visa and can be stored in
the mobile phone as well. In fact, this receipt contains all the relevant
information of the traveler like his name, passport details and hence, no
separate endorsement is required in the passport.
Tourist Visa: This type of visa has been granted to the tourists in individual
capacity, tourist groups (charter flights) and cruise tourists.
E Visa: E visa facility has been granted to the persons coming to India for
tourism, medical or business purpose.
Medical Visa: It is extended to all the foreigners who are in need of medical
services specifically in India.
Business Visa: Under the provision of this visa, there are three categories
under whom visa can be granted. The first category is business visitors who
are coming to India for a short period to attend some business meetings,
seminars, workshops etc. The second category is of business visitors coming
to India for small and large business. The third category is of business
investors. The business visa is also extended to the crew members of non-
scheduled flights, charter flights and special flights operating in India. This
visa also covers the foreign subject experts/academicians who has been
enlisted under GIAN. It is also extended to the foreign nationals who are
either business partner in Indian firm or holding senior positions like director
etc. The sports coaches from foreign countries who are duly appointed by
government of India on fixed remuneration and foreigners engaged in
commercial sports activities in India are also covered under this visa facility.
Project Visa: This visa has been extended to those foreigners who are
coming to India to execute project assignments pertaining to powers and steel
sectors.
Student Visa: There are eight sub categories under which this visa facility
has been extended. The students coming to India for taking admission into
regular course in any of the recognized university/college/school either for the
purpose of school education or for higher education are eligible to get this
visa endorsed in their passports. The students seeking admissions into short
terms programmes/courses, yoga, vedic culture, Indian music, classical dance,
Buddhist studies, theological and missionary and students coming to India on
cultural exchange programme are also covered under the provisions of student
visa.
Research Visa: The eligibility to get this visa endorsed in the passport of the
person applying under research visa is that the concern should be a registered
research scholar at any of the duly recognized university/ college/institute in
India. If such candidate is not falling under this category, then he/she must be
a visiting faculty in any of the recognized institute in India or be a member of
botanical, anthropological society or such candidate is registered under the
bilateral exchange programme.
Conference Visa: This visa facility has been extended to all the persons who
are seeking permission to enter India to participate in
conferences/seminars/symposiums organized under the banner of government
organizations, PSU, Autonomous bodies running under governments and
other NGA/O.
Mountaineering Visa: This visa facility has been extended to such foreign
nationals who are entering into India for mountaineering expeditions.
Missionary Visa: This visa facility has been granted to the missionary
people/religious volunteers of the approved organizations.
Journalist Visa: This visa facility has been extended to those foreign persons
who are visiting in India for tourism purpose, visiting India for
shooting/filming documentary purpose, foreigner representing any print or
electronic media channel or any foreign print/electronic media house
journalist whose accreditation has been confirmed in India.
Entry Visa: This facility has been extended to those persons who are PIO but
do not possess OCI cards. It is also extended to those foreign nationals who
are married with Indian national, PIO‟s and OCI card holders along with their
family members. It is also applicable to such foreigners who have owned
property in India, visiting India to participate in religious gathering organized
by Auroville foundations, Missionaries of Charity or similar approved
1. The Indians are granted tourist visa for a maximum period of 30 days with a
validity of two years. It means they can visit Singapore at any point of time once it
has been issued but not a period of more than two years from the date of issue
such visa. This visa authorization permits an Indian to enter Singapore multiple
times but his/her total stay should not exceed 30 days.
2. The passport must have validity of at least 6 months from the date of entry to
Singapore.
3. The applicants can fill the visa application form either online or offline (Form 14
A).
5. Two recent passport size colored photograph (not to be older than three months)
in a dimension of 35 mm x 45mm with white background should be attached with
the visa application form. One photograph should be pasted on the visa
application form at the space provided with a crossed signature of the applicant
while the other photograph should be attached to the visa application form with a
clip.
6. Documentary evidence of confirmed return air tickets with detailed itinerary and
hotel reservation is a prerequisites for obtaining Singapore Visa.
8. The applicant will also attach the leave certificate form his/her concerned
organization on its letterhead.
9. The first time traveler to Singapore needs to furnish income tax return of last three
years along with the bank‟s transaction details of last three months. All the pages
need to be stamped and sealed by the competent authority of the concerned bank.
10. Any two government authorized documents pertaining to current address prove is
required in case the residential address is different thanthat of mentioned in the
passport.
11. In case if any visitor is there in Singapore to receive his/her flight connection for
his/her final destination and have more than 4-5 hours in his/her hand may opt free
Singapore tour by merely registering himself at the Changi airport. This facility is
extended to only those travelers who has less than eight hours to get their
connecting flight but beyond it one has to opt transit visa.
12. Any traveler who is entering or leaving Singapore with more than S$20000, such
traveler needs to furnish the details in form “NP727” available at customs office,
Singapore airport.
13. The prohibited items which are not supposed to be carried in Singapore include
chewing gums, tobacco and tobacco products, electronic cigarettes, weapons, fire
items like lighter and fire cracker and sedatives/controlled drugs.
Tourist Visa Requirements for United Kingdom: The United Kingdom offers tourist
visa under four categories. The first category is valid for a period of six months, the
second category is valid for a period of two years, and the third category of tourist visa is
valid for a period of five years while the fourth category of tourist visa is valid for a
1. The United Kingdom visa is being granted only when the applicant appears in
physical to the consulate office. It means prior appointment is must and on the
date and time of appointment, the applicant will submit his/her biometric
information which includes finger print and digital photograph, duly filled visa
application form along with the necessary supporting documents attached to it.
2. The original copy of the applicant‟s passport with two pages left blank. The
passport should be valid for a minimum of six months.
3. Two colored passport photograph clicked not more than six months old.
4. The applicant will furnish his/her travel plan which will mention the exact
departure date, stay during the visit, places to be visited, meeting agenda, booked
tour etc., the current home address along with the time since the applicant is
residing at this place, the details of the parents like their name and date of birth
etc.
5. Besides, above all the applicant will also share his/her travel history for the last
ten years, the details of the spouse like name, date of birth and passport number.
6. The applicant will reveal the name and address of the sponsor if any for the
proposed trip. He will also share the details of the relative like his/her name,
address and passport number if any staying in United Kingdom. The applicant will
have to reveal his/her criminal/civil offences if any.
7. Bank statement copy for the last six months to act as a proof to meet out the
expenses in United Kingdom during the stay.
8. Tuberculosis Test results (negative result) are mandate to qualify for UK visa.
9. Submission of Invitation letter in case the applicant has been invited by a host
who is a UK resident.
10. Fee receipt as a proof that the applicant has paid the visa fee.
11. If the applicant is an employee, he/she has to submit a letter from the organization
stating the position, salary and length of the service period. For self- employed
people the documents pertaining to business registration are essential. If the
12. If the applicant is below 18 years of age, such applicant will have to submit some
extra documents like birth certificate and adoption paper if any.
Note: If the UK visa has been denied for any applicant, they can appeal against the
rejection. Such applicant can fill IAFT-2 form and submit it to United Kingdom
Immigration office from where this application form will be forwarded to the concern
authorities. A new decision will be notified to the applicant. If the decision persists and
there is no change it is advisable that the applicant should go for filing a new application
form.
Tourist Visa Requirements for United States of America (USA): Any foreign national
who is visiting USA for tourism purpose needs to fill B-2 VISA which is also called as
visitor visa. Under this visa scheme one can get the extended benefit of visiting friends
and relatives and medical treatment as well.
The process of procuring tourist visa starts with the filling of application form i.e. DS 160
online. After the completion of this online DS 160 form, the applicant should take the
print out and produce it at the time of his/her interview. The colored photograph should
be uploaded and be fixed at the right place in the on line application form. The photo size
should be 22mmx35mm size and should not be clicked more than six month old. The
background should be plain white or off white and the face should be directed towards
camera. Normally the interviews are scheduled in the country where the applicant resides.
Like in India, an applicant can opt any of the interview venue for US visa located at
Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai.
2. Each individual will submit separate DS 160 form for visa claim.
4. The documents pertaining to purpose of trip and copy of bank statements of last
six months.
8. Ink free, digital scanning of finger prints are mandate at the time of the interview.
The granting of US visa allows a person to travel and enter in the premises of USA but it
never guarantees the holder to do so. The department of Home Land Security, Custom
officials and Border Protection officers may allow or deny the entry of such visa holders.
Once a person has been allowed to enter USA, he/she will have to fill a paper form I-94
which is an arrival/departure record.
Tourist Visa Requirements for Australia: Australia is known for its nature based
tourism which has a rich diversity from flora fauna to beach activity. The Australia has
become a pioneer destination for out bound travelers especially from India. In the year
1999, more than 3.7 lacs tourist visited Australia. The cricket fans from India is also
willing to enjoy 20 20 cricket world which is scheduled in Australia. The basic question
arises regarding the visa formalities. The given below are the current information
regarding the visa formalities and the documents required for Australia:
1. The Australian visitor visa known as sub class 600 entitles a person to enter in the
Australia for tourism or business purpose. This visa application form can be filled
on line.
2. Under tourism the activities like holidaying, visiting friends and relatives,
recreation are included while under the business purpose the person can
participate into conferences, explore the possibilities of business or indulge into
negotiations.
3. The visa authorization does not allow a person to work, do business, sell goods or
services and provide services to any firm in Australia. For such purposes one can
opt sub class 400 visa separately.
4. The persons seeking to join any informal training or study for a period of less than
three months may opt visitor visa.
5. The validity of this type of visa falls between three to twelve months. However,
the parents of Australian citizens and Permanent Residents can apply for longer
duration of visitor visa. Under this provision, such applicant/s will be entitled to
receive an authorization of three to five years multiple entry visa which will
enable them to stay in Australia for a maximum duration of twelve months in
every entry.
8. A covering letter which will share the information of the applicant like name,
passport number, date of travel etc.
13. Confirmed air tickets, detailed itinerary along with hotel vouchers and travel
insurance.
14. Bank transaction details for the last six months, duly attested and signed by the
manager/branch manager on each page.
16. The visa application form must be accompanied by the invitation letter if the
applicant is visiting Australia for the purpose of meeting friends and relatives.
Once the online visa application form has been filled up with correct details, submit it
online by paying the requisite amount of visa application fee. The applicant will
receive an ETA (Electronic Travel Authority) with-in three days. Though the
applicant will not receive any visa in hard copy form, they can down load the
electronic form of visa which will be sent to their registered email id. This visa is
linked with the passport number of the applicants. Any fake information/misleading
information will always attract the rejection of the visa application.
Initially, the Protected Area Permit (PAP) is issued by Ministry of Home Affairs for a
period of ten days and it can be extended to another seven days. The application for
which must be processed at least fourteen days prior to scheduled visit. This PAP can also
be obtained from the authorities of the concerned states, FRRO and Indian Mission
abroad.
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands: All the parts of this island are restricted for
foreigners and the foreigners intending to visit this island needs prior approval.
This authorization can either be obtained on arrival at Port Blair through
immigration Officer or can be obtained in advance from the office of Chief
Immigration Officer (CIO) located at International Airports of Delhi, Mumbai,
Kolkata and Chennai. The permit can also be received from the FRRO, MHA and
Indian Missions located abroad.
Important: If the foreigner has arrived by air, he/she can be granted permission to
stay for a period of 30 days by the office of competent authority located at Port
Blair airport itself. But such foreigners who are arriving in Andaman Nicobar
Islands by sea route needs PAP in advance because the tickets are being purchased
only by producing the document.
Under this authorization, day and night visits are allowed at the following places:
A. Municipal Area, Port Blair
B. Havelock Island
C. Long
D. Neil Island
E. Jolly Buoy
F. North and South Cinque
G. Red Skin
H. Entire Island of Central Andaman
However, night stay is permissible at the Islands of Mahatma Gandhi Marine only
after the special approval of U.T. Administrator.
Only day visits are allowed to the following placed:
A. Mayabunder
B. Diglipur
C. Rangat
D. Mt. Harriet
E. Madhuban
F. Ross Island
G. Narcondum Island
H. Interview Island
I. Brother Island
J. Sister Island
K. Barren Islands
3. Assam: The places like Guwahati, Sibsagar, Halflong, and Kaziranga are opened
for the foreign national who are intending to visit in a group of four members or
more. The prior permission can be obtained from the office of Assam State
Tourism Development Corporation located in New Delhi and other parts of
Assam state. The tourists have to provide their passport size photograph, copy of
the passport and visa in order to receive the permission.
4. Gujarat: The border area of Rann of Kutch falls under the category of restricted
area. The permits are being issued to both foreigners and Indian nationals by the
District Collector, Bhuj to visit up to Banni region and few other places beyond
the India Bridge.
5. Himachal Pradesh: Lahul, Spiti and Kinnaur district are the restricted areas
located in Himanchal Pradesh and the permission can be obtained for a group of
four or above from the office of the Deputy Commissioner located at Shimla,
Kullu, Keylong and the District Magistrate office located in Rampur. The
permission can also be obtained from the office of Commissioner/ Resident
Commissioner (Tourism), Government of Himachal Pradesh, DGP HP located at
Shimla.
8. Manipur: The locations like Lohtak Lake, Imphal, INA Memorial, Deer
Sanctuary, Waithe lake Kongjam War Memorial are only open for tourists. The
prior permission for which can be obtained from MHA and FRRO‟s. Home
Commissioner, State Government of Manipur can also be contacted for entry
permission. The permission is granted to a maximum period of 10 days and to the
group of 4 or more persons travelling together.
9. Mizoram: The areas like Vairangte, Thingdawl and Aizawl are protected. The
entry permit can be obtained from the Resident Commissioner, Government of
Mizoram located in Aizawl. The FRRO‟s office located at Delhi, Mumbai and
Kolkata are also entitled to release entry permits for foreigners if travelling in a
group of four or more members. However, in Chennai Chief Immigration Officer
can be contacted for this purpose. This permission is provided for a period of not
more than 10 days. The entry permission can also be availed through Indian
Missions and application must be put forward 4 weeks prior to scheduled
departure.
10. Nagaland: The places located in Dimapur, Kohima, Mokochong and Wokha are
declared as restricted area for foreigners and the entry permit can either be
obtained from all the Indian Missions located overseas or through the FFRO‟s
offices located at Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. The Chief Immigration Office
located at Chennai is also handful in providing special permits to foreigners.
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India can also be contacted for the
same. In some cases the Resident Commissioner/ Home Commissioner, the State
Government of Nagaland can also be approached for obtaining special permits.
11. Rajasthan: Certain places falling near by the international border has been
declared as protected area and prior permission is required to enter into it. These
places are located in a belt of 40 kilo meters from the international border.The
places like Suratgarh, Bikaner, Gajner, Kolayat, RamDevra, Pokran, Jaisalmer,
Fatehgrah, Bhadewa, Barmer, Sanwara, Gandhwa, Dhamuna falling in and around
National Highway 15 running between Sriganganagar to Sanchoreare restricted
area and foreigners need to get prior approval (Protected Area Permit) from
Ministry of home Affairs/District Magistrate of the concern areas to explore the
area.This permit is extended to the foreigners visiting in a group of two or more
and for a period of 30 days.
13. Uttarakhand: The places like Nanda Devi Wild Life Biosphere located in
Chamoli and Uttar Kashi districts, Niti Ghati and Kalindi Khal and adjoining
areas of Milam Glacier are partially protected areas and permission for the
Protected Area Permit (PAP) can be obtained from Ministry of Home Affairs,
Government of Uttarakhand and DM/SDM of the respected areas if the foreigners
are travelling in a group of four or more on a sponsored trip organized by a
recognized travel agency in India.
2. What are the places that are opened for tourists in Arunachal Pradesh? Discuss the
formalities which are required to obtain PAP for tourists visiting Arunachal
Pradesh.
3. Discuss the procedure to obtain protected area permit for Andaman Nicobar
Islands.
Eligibility Criterion: The applicants must fill application form online not less than four
days and not more than thirty days of their scheduled departure. One the application
There are certain things which should always be kept into mind regarding e-visa that:
2. This e visa facility has not been extended to diplomatic passport holders
or official passport holders. The persons with International Travel
Documents are also deprived with e visa facility.
3. The traveler should visit India with the same passport whose details
have been entered/ uploaded while applying on line visa.
4. The travelers coming from yellow fever affected areas or such nationals
arriving from countries affected from yellow fever needs to produce
yellow fever vaccination certificate. If such traveler/s fail/s in producing
the certificate, they would be put into quarantine for six days on the
expenses of the travelers only.
Tourist Visa on Arrival (TVOA) Scheme: The tourist visa in Arrival scheme has been
extended to the nationals of twelve countries so far with a maximum period of 30 days
only. This visa which is single entry in nature can be availed through immigration offices
located at international airports namely Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Kochi,
Eligibility Criterion: The applicant must be a citizen from the following countries:
Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore, Myanmar, Japan, Finland, Republic of Korea,
Luxembourg, New Zealand, Laos, Philippines and Indonesia.
The interest of such applicant should lie either in recreation, sightseeing, visiting friends
and relatives, medical treatment (short term period) or casual business visits.
The applicant should not have any residence or should not indulge in any kind of
occupation in India.
The applicant must be a holder of passport whose validity exists at least for six months.
The applicant must produce confirmed return air tickets and proof of sufficient fund to
spend in India during visit.
2. Explain TVOA (Tourist Visa on Arrival) along with its eligibility criterion.
SUMMARY
Visa and passport play and important role when it comes to cross boundaries. The
passport is an identity that proves the nationality of the person while visa is an
GLOSSARY
Passport: A document issued by the concern country to its citizens to prove the
nationality overseas. Normally there are three types of passport available to citizens of
any country depending upon the nature of the job.
Visa: An authorization to enter into the premises of the granting country. It is a legal way
to enter into a country. There are many forms of visa available fulfilling the needs of
various travelers.
Schengen Visa: There is no need to carry separate visa if anyone is travelling to Europe.
The twenty six European countries have created a borderless region called Schengen in
which a Schengen visa holder can freely enter into those countries without immigration
check.
Transit Visa: It is granted to a person/s in getting his/her flight through India to any
foreign country.
Visa on Arrival (VOA): It is extended to person/s who is/are on urgent need of visa. The
countries offering VOA have their own terms and conditions for its issuance. It is
worthwhile to check the details of VOA of the host country before leaving the place of
residence.
Electronic Visa (E Visa): Under this provision of visa, a person is given with a receipt
against his online application. It acts like a visa and can be stored in the mobile phone as
well. In fact, this receipt contains all the relevant information of the traveler like his
name, passport details and hence, no separate endorsement is required in the passport.
REFERENCE/BIBLIOGRAPHY
Roday, Sunetra. Biwal, Archana. Joshi, Vandana (2009) Tourism: Operations and
Management, Oxford Higher Education, India
Swain, K. Sampad and Mishra, Jitendra M (2011) Tourism: Principles and
Practices, Oxford Higher Education, India
SUGGESTED READINGS
Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety
by Peter Tarlow.
Safety and Security in Tourism Relationships, Management and Marketing
by C. Michael Hall, Dallen J. Timothy and David Timothy Duval.
Tourism, Security and Safety (the Management of Hospitality and Tourism
Enterprises}Yoel Mansfeld & Abraham Pizam.
Terminal Questions