DESIGN OF

1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 m
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2.4 m
Span Length (ls) 900 mm
Outer Slab Thickness (to) 155 mm
Inned Slab Thickness (ti) 255 mm
Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 27.6 Mpa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Conrete (γc) 24.9 kN/m3
Design Width 1-m (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Bar (db) 20 mm
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑖 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 195 mm

2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead Load Calculations

POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nominal Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= (𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐)𝑏/𝐿 0.83000 kN

RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 350 mm
Weight of Railings (wrail)
𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=2𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 4.3575 kN
SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠∗𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 5.6025 kN
SLAB
Weight of Area 1 (Rectangular)
𝑤𝑎1=𝑡𝑜∗𝑙𝑠∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 3.4736 kN
Weight of Area 2 (Trapezoidal)
𝑤𝑎2=0.5𝑙𝑠∗(𝑡𝑖−𝑡𝑜)∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 1.1205 kN
LEVER ARM
Post
𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝑙𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Railings
𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Sidewalk
𝑥𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
Slab
𝑥𝑎1=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3 0.30 m

Summary of Loads
Post (wpost) 0.8300 kN
Railing (wrail) 4.3575 kN
Sidewalk (wsw) 5.6025 kN
Slab 1 (wa1) 3.4736 kN
Slab 2 (wa2) 1.1205 kN

Summary of Moment Arms

Post (xpost) 0.725 m 𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝑙𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡

0.725 𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡
Railings (xrail) m
0.45 𝑥𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠/2
Sidewalk (xsw) m
0.45 𝑥𝑎1=𝑙𝑠/2
Slab 1 (xa1) m
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3
 𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3
Slab 2 (xa2) 0.30 m

Computation of Moments
Post (M1) 0.6018 kNm
Railings (M2) 3.1592 kNm
Sidewalk (M3) 2.5211 kNm
Slab 1 (M4) 1.5631 kNm
Slab 2 (M5) 0.3362 kNm

Total Dead Load Shear and Moment

Dead Load Total Shear
𝑉𝐷𝐿=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙+𝑤𝑠𝑤+𝑤𝑎1+𝑤𝑎2 15.3841 kN
Dead Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐷𝐿=𝑀1+𝑀2+𝑀3+𝑀4+𝑀5 8.1813 kNm
DESIGN OF EXTERIOR SLAB

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Deck Overhang Load (P) 15.5 kN/m
Arm of Live Load (xp)
𝑥𝑝=𝑙𝑠 −50𝑚𝑚 −𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 −300𝑚𝑚 300 mm

Total Live Load Shear and Moment

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)
IM 1.33

Live Load Total Shear

𝑉𝐿𝐿=𝑃∗𝐼𝑀 20.615 kN
Live Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐿𝐿=𝑉𝐿𝐿∗𝑥𝑝 6.1845 kNm
 4. ULTIMATE SHEAR AND MOMENT
Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 (nDC)

Live Load Factor
Strength 1 Limit State 1.75 (nLL)
Ultimate Shear
𝑉𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑉𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑉𝐿𝐿) 55.306 kN
Ultimate Moment
𝑀𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑀𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑀𝐿𝐿) 21.050 kNm

𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝑙𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝑥𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠/2
𝑥𝑎1=𝑙𝑠/2
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3
B

5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength to

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Reinforcement 0.67
(γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑖〗 ^2)/6 1E+07 mm3

Modulus of Rupture (fr)

𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.3097 MPa
Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]
reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 38.452 kNm
Mu 21.050 kNm
1.33Mu 27.996 kNm
Conditions: (for Design Moment)
Mdes = Mu if Mu > MCR 21.050 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu < MCR 38.452 kNm
= (1.33Mu) if (1.33Mu > Mu < MCR) 27.996 kNm

Mdes 27.996 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑢=𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠/
(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.818 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−2𝑅𝑢/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.00201

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 392.28 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/𝐴𝑠
800.86 mm

Adopted Rebars: 16mm 200mm

(cut every
third bar)

6. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Check for Shear/Slab Thickness
Beta Factor (β) 2

Nominal Shear Resistance of Concrete

𝑉𝑐=0.083𝛽√(𝑓𝑐^′ ) 𝑏𝑑 170.058 kN
𝜑𝑣∗𝑉𝑐 153.052 kN

Shear Checking
if (φv*Vc > Vu, "OK", "Revise Section") OK
 DESIGN OF I
1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 mm
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2400 mm
Slab Thickness (ts) 200 mm
Design Width (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Main Bars (db) 16 mm

Diameter of Temperature and Shrinkage Bars 16 mm

(dsb)
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 142 mm
Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 28 MPa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Concrete (γc) 24 kN/m3

2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead Load Calculations
POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nomial Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= ((𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐))/𝐿 0.8 kN/m

SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐 6 kN
RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 250 mm
Number of Railings (nrail) 2

Weight of Railings (wrail)

𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐 3 kN/m
Weight of of Post and Railings
𝑤𝑝𝑠=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 3.8 kN/m
Wearing Surface (wws) 1.1 kPa
Dead Load Input to STAAD

Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 nDC
Wearing Surface 1.50 nDW
Load Factors for Permanent Loads
Dead Loads
Wearing Surface (wws1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑤𝑠1=𝑤𝑤𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝑊 1.65 kN/m
Sidewalk (wsw1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑠𝑤1=𝑤𝑠𝑤∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 7.5 kN/m
Post and Railing (wps1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑝𝑠1=𝑤𝑝𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 4.75 kN

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Live Load Factor

Strength I Limit State 1.75 nLL
Wheel Load (PLL) 72.5 kN 1.8m
Girder Spacing in feet (S) 7.8740 ft

Effective Width

Effective Width for Positive Moment (wpos)

𝑤1=26+6.6𝑆 𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
77.96850 in
Wpos
 𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤1/12
1.98040 m

Positive Moment Factor

𝑃𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠
0.50495

Effective Width for Negative Moment (wneg)

𝑤2=48+3.0𝑆 71.62204724409

Wneg
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤2/12
1.81920 m

Negative Moment Factor

𝑁𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑔
0.54969

Live Load Input to STAAD

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
IM1 1.33

Positive Moment 1 Type 1 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 85.20690 kN
Negative Moment 1 Type 2 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 92.75711851363 kN

Impact Factor (Deck Joints - All Limit States)

IM2 1.75

Positive Moment 2 Type 3 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠2=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 112.11435 kN
Negative Moment 2 Type 4 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 122.04884 kN

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

 𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

spacing1 263.8256
spacing2 219.6312
spacing3 213.1263
spacing4 169.4094
 DESIGN OF INTERIOR SLAB

4. STAAD RESULTS
Dead Load
MDL1 9.79 (from STAAD)
MDL2 9.79 (from STAAD)
For Impact Factor (IM=33%)

Positive Moment 28.65 (from STAAD)

Mu1 38.44
𝑀𝑢1=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment 35.93 (from STAAD)

Mu2 45.72
𝑀𝑢2=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

For Impact Factor (IM=75%)

Positive Moment 37.24 (from STAAD)

Mu3 47.03
 𝑀𝑢3=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment 48.44 (from STAAD)

Mu4 58.23
𝑀𝑢4=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength

to Ultimate Tensile Strength of 0.67
Reinforcement (γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑠〗 ^2)/6 6666666.66667 mm3

𝑠_𝑆𝐵=𝑚𝑖𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2

Modulus of Rupture (fr)
𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.33365 MPa
Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]

reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 23.82446 kNm
1.2Mcr 28.58935 kNm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Positive Moment

Mdes1 = Mu1 if Mu1 > MCR 38.440 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu1 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu1) if (1.33Mu1 > Mu1 < MCR) 51.125 kNm

Mdes1 38.440 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛1=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
1)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.118 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑛1)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0054 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1= 𝜌1𝑏𝑑 762.1016 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1 263.8256 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Negative Moment

Mdes2 = Mu2 if Mu2 > MCR 45.720 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu2 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu2) if (1.33Mu2 > Mu2 < MCR) 60.808 kNm

Mdes2 45.720 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛2=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
2)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.519 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢2)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0064

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2= 𝜌2𝑏𝑑 915.4526 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2 219.6312 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Positive Moment

Mdes3 = Mu3 if Mu3 > MCR 47.030 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu3 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu3) if (1.33Mu3 > Mu3 < MCR) 62.550 kNm

Mdes3 47.030 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛3=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
3)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.592 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢3)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0066
 Area of Steel Required
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3= 𝜌3𝑏𝑑 943.3931 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3 213.1263 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Negative Moment

Mdes4 = Mu4 if Mu4 > MCR 58.230 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu4 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu4) if (1.33Mu4 > Mu4 < MCR) 77.446 kNm

Mdes4 58.230 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛4=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
4)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 3.209 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢4)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0084

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 1186.8407 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4 169.4094 mm

Maximum Spacing
Main Bottom Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.57 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
352.74023 mm
max_spacing_bot 300 mm
Main Top Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.38 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
529.11034 mm
max_spacing_top 300 mm
Temperature Top Bars
600 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
450 mm
max_spacing_temp 450 mm

Used Spacing Summary

For Impact Factor (IM=33%)
Positive Moment
250.63436 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑1=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔1, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused1 250.63436 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
208.64962 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑2=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔2, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused2 208.64962 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Used Spacing Summary
For Impact Factor (IM=75%)
Positive Moment
202.470030019 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑3=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔3, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused3 202.47003 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
160.938893633 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑4=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔4, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused4 160.93889 mm

Adopted:

Adopted for top bars:

Adopted for bottom bars:
Adopted: mm mm

Top 150 16

Bottom 150 16
 6. DISTRIBUTION OF REINFORCEMENT
Primary Reinf. Perpendicular to Traffic:
span length, s 2000 mm (consider 2m span length)
bar size, dbdr 16 mm
As
𝐴𝑠=𝑚𝑎𝑥 〖 (𝐴𝑠 〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) 1186.8407 mm2
Percentage1
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1=3840𝑚/(√(𝑠(𝑚𝑚))∗103)
85.86501 %

Percentage

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1, 67))/100 85.86501

67

Percentage: 0.67
Adr
 𝐴𝑑𝑟=𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗𝐴𝑠 795.18329 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1=(𝜋/4∗𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟2)/0.57
352.74023 mm

Smain 263.8256 mm (max bet. Spacing from 33% impact)

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2=𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛/(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗(𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑏)^2 )
393.76961 mm

spacing_dr
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟=min⁡(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1, 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2) 352.74023 mm
mm Use:
Adopted:
mm 350 mm

7. TEMPERATURE AND SHRINGKAGE REINFORCEMENT

𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000,0.233𝑚𝑚] ,𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝) }

0.25∗𝜋∗𝑑𝑏2 201.06192983 mm2

1.27 mm
(0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000
0.025875 mm

0.233 mm
required 7770.5093654 mm
Smax,temp 450 mm Adopted for longitudinal bars:
16 mm 16 mm
Adopted:
450 mm 350 mm

8. SLAB REINFORCEMENT DRAWING DETAILS

16Ø @ 150 O.C. 16Ø @ 150 O.C.

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
16Ø @ 150 O.C. 16Ø @ 150 O.C.
TOP REINFORCEMENT TOP REINFORCEMENT

16Ø @ 350 O.C. 16Ø @ 350 O.C.

DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 16Ø @ 350 O.C. 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
m 33% impact)

.C.
FORCEMENT
O.C.
ORCEMENT
 DESIGN OF
1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 m
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2.4 m
Span Length (ls) 900 mm
Outer Slab Thickness (to) 150 mm
Inned Slab Thickness (ti) 250 mm
Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 28 Mpa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Conrete (γc) 24 kN/m3
Design Width 1-m (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Bar (db) 16 mm
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑖 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 192 mm

2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead Load Calculations

POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nomial Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= (𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐)𝑏/𝐿 0.8 kN

RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 250 mm
Weight of Railings (wrail)
𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 1.5 kN
SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠∗𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 5.4 kN
SLAB
Weight of Area 1 (Rectangular)
𝑤𝑎1=𝑡𝑜∗𝑙𝑠∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 3.24 kN
Weight of Area 2 (Trapezoidal)
𝑤𝑎2=0.5𝑙𝑠∗(𝑡𝑖−𝑡𝑜)∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 1.08 kN
LEVER ARM
Post
𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝑙𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Railings
𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Sidewalk
𝑥𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
Slab
𝑥𝑎1=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3 0.30 m

Summary of Loads
Post (wpost) 0.80 kN
Railing (wrail) 1.50 kN
Sidewalk (wsw) 5.40 kN
Slab 1 (wa1) 3.24 kN
Slab 2 (wa2) 1.08 kN

Summary of Moment Arms

Post (xpost) 0.725 m
Railings (xrail) 0.725 m
Sidewalk (xsw) 0.45 m
Slab 1 (xa1) 0.45 m
Slab 2 (xa2) 0.30 m

Computation of Moments
Post (M1) 0.58 kNm
Railings (M2) 1.0875 kNm
Sidewalk (M3) 2.43 kNm
Slab 1 (M4) 1.458 kNm
Slab 2 (M5) 0.324 kNm

Total Dead Load Shear and Moment

Dead Load Total Shear
𝑉𝐷𝐿=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙+𝑤𝑠𝑤+𝑤𝑎1+𝑤𝑎2 12.02 kN
Dead Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐷𝐿=𝑀1+𝑀2+𝑀3+𝑀4+𝑀5 5.8795 kNm
DESIGN OF EXTERIOR SLAB

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Deck Overhang Load (P) 15.5 kN/m
Arm of Live Load (xp)
𝑥𝑝=𝑙𝑠 −50𝑚𝑚 −𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 −300𝑚𝑚 300 mm

Total Live Load Shear and Moment

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)
IM 1.33

Live Load Total Shear

𝑉𝐿𝐿=𝑃∗𝐼𝑀 20.615 kN
Live Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐿𝐿=𝑉𝐿𝐿∗𝑥𝑝 6.1845 kNm
 4. ULTIMATE SHEAR AND MOMENT
Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 (nDC)

Live Load Factor
Strength 1 Limit State 1.75 (nLL)
Ultimate Shear
𝑉𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑉𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑉𝐿𝐿) 51.101 kN
Ultimate Moment
𝑀𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑀𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑀𝐿𝐿) 18.172 kNm
 5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength to

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Reinforcement 0.75
(γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑖〗 ^2)/6 1E+07 mm3

Modulus of Rupture (fr)

𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.3336 MPa

Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]
reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 41.671 kNm

Mu 18.172 kNm
1.33Mu 24.169 kNm
Conditions: (for Design Moment)
Mdes = Mu if Mu > MCR 18.172 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu < MCR 41.671 kNm
= (1.33Mu) if (1.33Mu > Mu < MCR) 24.169 kNm

Mdes 24.169 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑢=𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠/
(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.728 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−2𝑅𝑢/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0018

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 343.18 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/𝐴𝑠
585.88 mm

Adopted Rebars: 16mm 200mm

(cut every
third bar)

6. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Check for Shear/Slab Thickness
Beta Factor (β) 2

Nominal Shear Resistance of Concrete

𝑉𝑐=0.083𝛽√(𝑓𝑐^′ ) 𝑏𝑑 168.65 kN
𝜑𝑣∗𝑉𝑐 151.79 kN

Shear Checking
if (φv*Vc > Vu, "OK", "Revise Section") OK
 DESIGN OF I
1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 mm
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2400 mm
Slab Thickness (ts) 200 mm
Design Width (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Main Bars (db) 16 mm

Diameter of Temperature and Shrinkage Bars 16 mm

(dsb)
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 142 mm
Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 28 MPa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Concrete (γc) 24 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Asphalt (γa) 21 kN/m3
2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS
Dead Load Calculations
POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nomial Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= ((𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐))/𝐿 0.8 kN/m

SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐 6 kN
RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 250 mm
Number of Railings (nrail) 1

Weight of Railings (wrail)

𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐 1.5 kN/m
Weight of of Post and Railings
𝑤𝑝𝑠=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 2.3 kN/m
Wearing Surface (wws) 1.155 kPa
Dead Load Input to STAAD

Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 nDC
Wearing Surface 1.50 nDW
Load Factors for Permanent Loads
Dead Loads
Wearing Surface (wws1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑤𝑠1=𝑤𝑤𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝑊 1.7325 kN/m
Sidewalk (wsw1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑠𝑤1=𝑤𝑠𝑤∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 7.5 kN/m
Post and Railing (wps1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑝𝑠1=𝑤𝑝𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 2.875 kN

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Live Load Factor

Strength I Limit State 1.75 nLL
Wheel Load (PLL) 72.5 kN 1.8m
Girder Spacing in feet (S) 7.8740 ft

Effective Width

Effective Width for Positive Moment (wpos)

𝑤1=26+6.6𝑆 𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
77.96850 in
Wpos
 𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤1/12
1.98040 m

Positive Moment Factor

𝑃𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠
0.50495

Effective Width for Negative Moment (wneg)

𝑤2=48+3.0𝑆 71.62204724409

Wneg
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤2/12
1.81920 m

Negative Moment Factor

𝑁𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑔
0.54969

Live Load Input to STAAD

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
IM1 1.33

Positive Moment 1 Type 1 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 85.20690 kN
Negative Moment 1 Type 2 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 92.75711851363 kN

Impact Factor (Deck Joints - All Limit States)

IM2 1.75

Positive Moment 2 Type 3 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠2=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 112.11435 kN
Negative Moment 2 Type 4 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 122.04884 kN

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

 𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

spacing1 #DIV/0!
spacing2 #DIV/0!
spacing3 #DIV/0!
spacing4 #DIV/0!
 DESIGN OF INTERIOR SLAB

4. STAAD RESULTS
Dead Load
MDL1 (from STAAD)
MDL2 (from STAAD)
For Impact Factor (IM=33%)

Positive Moment (from STAAD)

Mu1 0
𝑀𝑢1=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment (from STAAD)

Mu2 0
𝑀𝑢2=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

For Impact Factor (IM=75%)

Positive Moment (from STAAD)

Mu3 0
 𝑀𝑢3=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment (from STAAD)

Mu4 0
𝑀𝑢4=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength

to Ultimate Tensile Strength of 0.75
Reinforcement (γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑠〗 ^2)/6 6666666.66667 mm3

𝑠_𝑆𝐵=𝑚𝑖𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2

Modulus of Rupture (fr)
𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.33365 MPa
Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]

reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 26.66917 kNm
1.2Mcr 32.00301 kNm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Positive Moment

Mdes1 = Mu1 if Mu1 > MCR 0.000 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu1 < MCR 26.669 kNm
= (1.33Mu1) if (1.33Mu1 > Mu1 < MCR) 0.000 kNm

Mdes1 0.000 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛1=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
1)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.000 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑛1)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0000 -Ø @ - O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 -Ø @ - O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1= 𝜌1𝑏𝑑 0.0000 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1 #DIV/0! mm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Negative Moment

Mdes2 = Mu2 if Mu2 > MCR 0.000 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu2 < MCR 26.669 kNm
= (1.33Mu2) if (1.33Mu2 > Mu2 < MCR) 0.000 kNm

Mdes2 0.000 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛2=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
2)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.000 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢2)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0000

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2= 𝜌2𝑏𝑑 0.0000 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2 #DIV/0! mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Positive Moment

Mdes3 = Mu3 if Mu3 > MCR 0.000 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu3 < MCR 26.669 kNm
= (1.33Mu3) if (1.33Mu3 > Mu3 < MCR) 0.000 kNm

Mdes3 0.000 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛3=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
3)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.000 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢3)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0000
 Area of Steel Required
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3= 𝜌3𝑏𝑑 0.0000 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3 #DIV/0! mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Negative Moment

Mdes4 = Mu4 if Mu4 > MCR 0.000 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu4 < MCR 26.669 kNm
= (1.33Mu4) if (1.33Mu4 > Mu4 < MCR) 0.000 kNm

Mdes4 0.000 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛4=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
4)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.000 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢4)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0000

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 0.0000 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4 #DIV/0! mm

Maximum Spacing
Main Bottom Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.57 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
352.74023 mm
max_spacing_bot 300 mm
Main Top Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.38 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
529.11034 mm
max_spacing_top 300 mm
Temperature Top Bars
600 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
450 mm
max_spacing_temp 450 mm

Used Spacing Summary

For Impact Factor (IM=33%)
Positive Moment
#DIV/0! mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑1=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔1, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused1 #DIV/0! mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
#DIV/0! mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑2=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔2, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused2 #DIV/0! mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Used Spacing Summary
For Impact Factor (IM=75%)
Positive Moment
#DIV/0! mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑3=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔3, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused3 #DIV/0! mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
#DIV/0! mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑4=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔4, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused4 #DIV/0! mm

Adopted:

Adopted for top bars:

Adopted for bottom bars:
Adopted: mm mm

Top
Bottom
 6. DISTRIBUTION OF REINFORCEMENT
Primary Reinf. Perpendicular to Traffic:
span length, s 2000 mm (consider 2m span length)
bar size, dbdr 16 mm
As
𝐴𝑠=𝑚𝑎𝑥 〖 (𝐴𝑠 〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) 0.0000 mm2
Percentage1
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1=3840𝑚/(√(𝑠(𝑚𝑚))∗103)
85.86501 %

Percentage

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1, 67))/100 85.86501

67

Percentage: 0.67
Adr
 𝐴𝑑𝑟=𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗𝐴𝑠 0.00000 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1=(𝜋/4∗𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟2)/0.57
352.74023 mm

Smain #DIV/0! mm (max bet. Spacing from 33% impact)

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2=𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛/(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗(𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑏)^2 )
#DIV/0! mm

spacing_dr
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟=min⁡(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1, 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2) #DIV/0! mm
mm Use:
Adopted:
mm 350 mm

7. TEMPERATURE AND SHRINGKAGE REINFORCEMENT

𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000,0.233𝑚𝑚] ,𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝) }

0.25∗𝜋∗𝑑𝑏2 201.06192983 mm2

1.27 mm
(0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000
0.025875 mm

0.233 mm
required 7770.5093654 mm
Smax,temp 450 mm Adopted for longitudinal bars:
16 mm 16 mm
Adopted:
450 mm 350 mm

8. SLAB REINFORCEMENT DRAWING DETAILS

-Ø @ - O.C. -Ø @ - O.C.
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
-Ø @ - O.C. -Ø @ - O.C.
TOP REINFORCEMENT TOP REINFORCEMENT

-Ø @ - O.C. -Ø @ - O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 -Ø @ - O.C. -Ø @ - O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
m 33% impact)

FORCEMENT
C.
ORCEMENT
 DESIGN OF
1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 m
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2.4 m
Span Length (ls) 900 mm
Outer Slab Thickness (to) 150 mm
Inned Slab Thickness (ti) 250 mm
Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 28 Mpa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Conrete (γc) 24 kN/m3
Design Width 1-m (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Bar (db) 16 mm
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑖 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 192 mm

2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead Load Calculations

POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nomial Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= (𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐)𝑏/𝐿 0.8 kN

RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 250 mm
Weight of Railings (wrail)
𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=2𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 3 kN
SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠∗𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 5.4 kN
SLAB
Weight of Area 1 (Rectangular)
𝑤𝑎1=𝑡𝑜∗𝑙𝑠∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 3.24 kN
Weight of Area 2 (Trapezoidal)
𝑤𝑎2=0.5𝑙𝑠∗(𝑡𝑖−𝑡𝑜)∗𝛾𝑐∗𝑏 1.08 kN
LEVER ARM
Post
𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝑙𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Railings
𝑥𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 0.725 m
Sidewalk
𝑥𝑠𝑤=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
Slab
𝑥𝑎1=𝑙𝑠/2 0.45 m
𝑥𝑎2=𝑙𝑠/3 0.30 m

Summary of Loads
Post (wpost) 0.80 kN
Railing (wrail) 3.00 kN
Sidewalk (wsw) 5.40 kN
Slab 1 (wa1) 3.24 kN
Slab 2 (wa2) 1.08 kN

Summary of Moment Arms

Post (xpost) 0.725 m
Railings (xrail) 0.725 m
Sidewalk (xsw) 0.45 m
Slab 1 (xa1) 0.45 m
Slab 2 (xa2) 0.30 m

Computation of Moments
Post (M1) 0.58 kNm
Railings (M2) 2.175 kNm
Sidewalk (M3) 2.43 kNm
Slab 1 (M4) 1.458 kNm
Slab 2 (M5) 0.324 kNm

Total Dead Load Shear and Moment

Dead Load Total Shear
𝑉𝐷𝐿=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙+𝑤𝑠𝑤+𝑤𝑎1+𝑤𝑎2 13.52 kN
Dead Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐷𝐿=𝑀1+𝑀2+𝑀3+𝑀4+𝑀5 6.967 kNm
DESIGN OF EXTERIOR SLAB

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Deck Overhang Load (P) 15 kN/m
Arm of Live Load (xp)
𝑥𝑝=𝑙𝑠 −50𝑚𝑚 −𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 −300𝑚𝑚 300 mm

Total Live Load Shear and Moment

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)
IM 1.33

Live Load Total Shear

𝑉𝐿𝐿=𝑃∗𝐼𝑀 19.95 kN
Live Load Total Moment
𝑀𝐿𝐿=𝑉𝐿𝐿∗𝑥𝑝 5.985 kNm
 4. ULTIMATE SHEAR AND MOMENT
Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 (nDC)

Live Load Factor
Strength 1 Limit State 1.75 (nLL)
Ultimate Shear
𝑉𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑉𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑉𝐿𝐿) 51.813 kN
Ultimate Moment
𝑀𝑢=(𝑛𝐷𝐶∗𝑀𝐷𝐿)+(𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑀𝐿𝐿) 19.183 kNm
 5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength to

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Reinforcement 0.67
(γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑖〗 ^2)/6 1E+07 mm3

Modulus of Rupture (fr)

𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.3336 MPa

Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]
reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 37.226 kNm

Mu 19.183 kNm
1.33Mu 25.513 kNm
Conditions: (for Design Moment)
Mdes = Mu if Mu > MCR 19.183 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu < MCR 37.226 kNm
= (1.33Mu) if (1.33Mu > Mu < MCR) 25.513 kNm

Mdes 25.513 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑢=𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠/
(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 0.769 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−2𝑅𝑢/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0019

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 362.58 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/𝐴𝑠
554.53 mm

Adopted Rebars: 16mm 200mm

(cut every
third bar)

6. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Check for Shear/Slab Thickness
Beta Factor (β) 2

Nominal Shear Resistance of Concrete

𝑉𝑐=0.083𝛽√(𝑓𝑐^′ ) 𝑏𝑑 168.65 kN
𝜑𝑣∗𝑉𝑐 151.79 kN

Shear Checking
if (φv*Vc > Vu, "OK", "Revise Section") OK
 DESIGN OF I
1. INPUT DATA/MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length of Bridge (L) 15000 mm
Overall Bridge Width (W) 9.4 mm
Girder Width (bw) 400 mm
Girder Spacing (sg) 2400 mm
Slab Thickness (ts) 200 mm
Design Width (b) 1000 mm
Diameter of Main Bars (db) 16 mm

Diameter of Temperature and Shrinkage Bars 16 mm

(dsb)
Concrete Cover (cc) 50 mm
Effective Depth (d)
𝑑=𝑡𝑠 −𝑐𝑐 −0.5𝑑𝑏 142 mm
Shear Resistance Factor (φv) 0.9

Flexural Resistance Factor (φf) 0.9

Concrete Compressive Strength (fc') 28 MPa

Rebar Yield Strength (fy) 414 MPa
Unit Weight of Concrete (γc) 24 kN/m3

2. DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS

Dead Load Calculations
POST
Width of Post (bpost) 250 mm
Depth of Post (dpost) 250 mm
Height of Post (hpost) 1000 mm
Nomial Spacing of Post (sp) 2000 mm
Number of Post (npost)
𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡=𝐿/𝑠𝑝 8 pcs
Weight of Post (wpost)
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡= ((𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡∗𝛾𝑐))/𝐿 0.8 kN/m

SIDEWALK
Width of Sidewalk (bsw) 1.05 m
Thickness of Sidewalk (tsw) 250 mm
Weight of Sidewalk (wsw)
𝑤𝑠𝑤=𝑡𝑠𝑤∗𝛾𝑐 6 kN
RAILINGS
Width of Railings (brail) 250 mm
Depth of Railings (drail) 250 mm
Number of Railings (nrail) 2

Weight of Railings (wrail)

𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙=𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙∗𝛾𝑐 3 kN/m
Weight of of Post and Railings
𝑤𝑝𝑠=𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡+𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 3.8 kN/m
Wearing Surface (wws) 1.1 kPa
Dead Load Input to STAAD

Dead Load Factor

Components and Attachments 1.25 nDC
Wearing Surface 1.50 nDW
Load Factors for Permanent Loads
Dead Loads
Wearing Surface (wws1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑤𝑠1=𝑤𝑤𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝑊 1.65 kN/m
Sidewalk (wsw1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑠𝑤1=𝑤𝑠𝑤∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 7.5 kN/m
Post and Railing (wps1) (Input to STAAD)
𝑤𝑝𝑠1=𝑤𝑝𝑠∗1𝑚∗𝑛𝐷𝐶 4.75 kN

3. LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Live Load Calculations

Live Load Factor

Strength I Limit State 1.75 nLL
Wheel Load (PLL) 72.5 kN 1.8m
Girder Spacing in feet (S) 7.8740 ft

Effective Width

Effective Width for Positive Moment (wpos)

𝑤1=26+6.6𝑆 𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
77.96850 in
Wpos
 𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤1/12
1.98040 m

Positive Moment Factor

𝑃𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠
0.50495

Effective Width for Negative Moment (wneg)

𝑤2=48+3.0𝑆 71.62204724409

Wneg
𝑤𝑝𝑜𝑠= 𝑤2/12
1.81920 m

Negative Moment Factor

𝑁𝑀𝐹= 1𝑚/𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑔
0.54969

Live Load Input to STAAD

Impact Factor (All other Limit States)

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗
IM1 1.33

Positive Moment 1 Type 1 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 85.20690 kN
Negative Moment 1 Type 2 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀1 92.75711851363 kN

Impact Factor (Deck Joints - All Limit States)

IM2 1.75

Positive Moment 2 Type 3 STAAD

𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑜𝑠2=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑃𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 112.11435 kN
Negative Moment 2 Type 4 STAAD
𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑔1=𝑃𝐿𝐿∗𝑛𝐿𝐿∗𝑁𝑀𝐹∗𝐼𝑀2 122.04884 kN

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

 𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.

spacing1 263.8256
spacing2 219.6312
spacing3 213.1263
spacing4 169.4094
 DESIGN OF INTERIOR SLAB

4. STAAD RESULTS
Dead Load
MDL1 9.79 (from STAAD)
MDL2 9.79 (from STAAD)
For Impact Factor (IM=33%)

Positive Moment 28.65 (from STAAD)

Mu1 38.44
𝑀𝑢1=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment 35.93 (from STAAD)

Mu2 45.72
𝑀𝑢2=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

For Impact Factor (IM=75%)

Positive Moment 37.24 (from STAAD)

Mu3 47.03
 𝑀𝑢3=𝑀𝐷𝐿1+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

Negative Moment 48.44 (from STAAD)

Mu4 58.23
𝑀𝑢4=𝑀𝐷𝐿2+(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐴𝐷)

5. DESIGN OF MAIN BARS

Minimum Reinforcement
Flexural Cracking Variability Factor (γ1) 1.6

Ratio of Specified Minimum Yield Strength

to Ultimate Tensile Strength of 0.67
Reinforcement (γ3)

Section Modulus (Sc)

𝑆𝑐=(𝑏 〖𝑡𝑠〗 ^2)/6 6666666.66667 mm3

𝑠_𝑆𝐵=𝑚𝑖𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2

Modulus of Rupture (fr)
𝑓𝑟=0.63 √𝑓𝑐^′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3.33365 MPa
Cracking Moment
𝑀_𝐶𝑅=𝛾3[(𝛾1∗𝑓𝑟+𝛾2∗𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑒)𝑆𝑐−𝑀_𝑛𝑑𝑐 (𝑆𝑐/𝑆𝑛𝑐−1)]

reduced to:
𝑀_𝐶𝑅= 𝛾1∗𝛾3∗(𝑓𝑟∗𝑆𝑐) 23.82446 kNm
1.2Mcr 28.58935 kNm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Positive Moment

Mdes1 = Mu1 if Mu1 > MCR 38.440 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu1 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu1) if (1.33Mu1 > Mu1 < MCR) 51.125 kNm

Mdes1 38.440 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛1=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
1)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.118 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌1= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑛1)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0054 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1= 𝜌1𝑏𝑑 762.1016 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑1 263.8256 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=33%) Negative Moment

Mdes2 = Mu2 if Mu2 > MCR 45.720 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu2 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu2) if (1.33Mu2 > Mu2 < MCR) 60.808 kNm

Mdes2 45.720 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛2=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
2)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.519 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌2= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢2)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0064

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2= 𝜌2𝑏𝑑 915.4526 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑2 219.6312 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Positive Moment

Mdes3 = Mu3 if Mu3 > MCR 47.030 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu3 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu3) if (1.33Mu3 > Mu3 < MCR) 62.550 kNm

Mdes3 47.030 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛3=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
3)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 2.592 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌3= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢3)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0066
 Area of Steel Required
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3= 𝜌3𝑏𝑑 943.3931 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑3 213.1263 mm

Cracking Moment (IM=75%) Negative Moment

Mdes4 = Mu4 if Mu4 > MCR 58.230 kNm
= (MCR) if Mu4 < MCR 23.824 kNm
= (1.33Mu4) if (1.33Mu4 > Mu4 < MCR) 77.446 kNm

Mdes4 58.230 kNm

(choose)

Actual Steel Reinforcement

𝑅𝑛4=(𝑀_𝑑𝑒𝑠
4)/(𝜑𝑓∗𝑏∗𝑑^2 ) 3.209 MPa

Ratio of Area of Reinforcement to Gross Concrete Area

𝜌4= (0.85 𝑓𝑐^′)/𝑓𝑦 (1−√(1−(2∗𝑅𝑢4)/(0.85𝑓𝑐^′ )))
0.0084

Area of Steel Required

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4= 𝜌𝑏𝑑 1186.8407 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔=(𝑏(0.25𝜋 〖∗𝑑𝑏〗 ^2))/
𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑4 169.4094 mm

Maximum Spacing
Main Bottom Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.57 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
352.74023 mm
max_spacing_bot 300 mm
Main Top Bars
300 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏[1.5𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚,0.25𝜋𝑑𝑏2/(0.38 𝑚𝑚)]
450 mm
529.11034 mm
max_spacing_top 300 mm
Temperature Top Bars
600 mm
𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)=𝒎𝒊𝒏 [3.0𝑡𝑠, 450𝑚𝑚]
450 mm
max_spacing_temp 450 mm

Used Spacing Summary

For Impact Factor (IM=33%)
Positive Moment
250.63436 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑1=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔1, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused1 250.63436 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
208.64962 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑2=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔2, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused2 208.64962 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Used Spacing Summary
For Impact Factor (IM=75%)
Positive Moment
202.470030019 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑3=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔3, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑏𝑜𝑡)),
285 mm
sused3 202.47003 mm
mm
Adopted:
mm
Negative Moment
160.938893633 mm
𝑠_𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑4=0.95𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔4, 𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑡𝑜𝑝)),
285 mm
sused4 160.93889 mm

Adopted:

Adopted for top bars:

Adopted for bottom bars:
Adopted: mm mm

Top 150 16

Bottom 150 16
 6. DISTRIBUTION OF REINFORCEMENT
Primary Reinf. Perpendicular to Traffic:
span length, s 2000 mm (consider 2m span length)
bar size, dbdr 16 mm
As
𝐴𝑠=𝑚𝑎𝑥 〖 (𝐴𝑠 〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑) 1186.8407 mm2
Percentage1
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1=3840𝑚/(√(𝑠(𝑚𝑚))∗103)
85.86501 %

Percentage

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒=(𝑖𝑓(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1<67, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒1, 67))/100 85.86501

67

Percentage: 0.67
Adr
 𝐴𝑑𝑟=𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗𝐴𝑠 795.18329 mm2
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1=(𝜋/4∗𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟2)/0.57
352.74023 mm

Smain 263.8256 mm (max bet. Spacing from 33% impact)

𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2=𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛/(𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒∗(𝑑𝑏𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑏)^2 )
393.76961 mm

spacing_dr
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟=min⁡(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟1, 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑑𝑟2) 352.74023 mm
mm Use:
Adopted:
mm 350 mm

7. TEMPERATURE AND SHRINGKAGE REINFORCEMENT

𝑛{(0.25∗𝜋∗ 〖𝑑𝑏〗 ^2)/𝑚𝑖𝑛[1.27𝑚𝑚, (0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000,0.233𝑚𝑚] ,𝑆_(𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝) }

0.25∗𝜋∗𝑑𝑏2 201.06192983 mm2

1.27 mm
(0.75 𝑡𝑠/2∗𝑓𝑦/𝑀𝑃𝑎)/(1000+𝑡𝑠/𝑚𝑚)1000
0.025875 mm

0.233 mm
required 7770.5093654 mm
Smax,temp 450 mm Adopted for longitudinal bars:
16 mm 16 mm
Adopted:
450 mm 350 mm

8. SLAB REINFORCEMENT DRAWING DETAILS

16Ø @ 150 O.C. 16Ø @ 150 O.C.

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
16Ø @ 150 O.C. 16Ø @ 150 O.C.
TOP REINFORCEMENT TOP REINFORCEMENT

16Ø @ 350 O.C. 16Ø @ 350 O.C.

DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
 16Ø @ 350 O.C. 16Ø @ 350 O.C.
DIST. REINFORCEMENT DIST. REINFORCEMENT
m 33% impact)

.C.
FORCEMENT
O.C.
ORCEMENT