Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Let’s
think and act!

Quarter 1 Week 7 Module 15

Learning Competency:
Solve problems involving exponential functions
(M11GM-Ig-2)
 Learning Module for General Mathematics

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing

enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key
card.

5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.

 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

lessons.

 Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.

 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module
 Learning Module for General Mathematics

LESSON Problem Solving Involving Exponential

16
Functions

EXPECTATIONS

Solve problems involving exponential functions, equations and inequality.

Let us start your journey in

learning more on exponential
functions. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the Pretest.
PRETEST Smile and Enjoy!

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Suppose your mother deposited in your savings account Php10 000.00 at an
annual interest rate of 5% compounded yearly. How much will you have in your
savings account after 12 years?

A. Php17 958.56 C. Php10 303.78

B. Php10 616.79 D. Php11 271.60

2. The number of milligrams of a drug in a person after t hours is given by the

function 10e-0.5t. Find the amount of the drug after 2 hours.
A. 1.35 mg C. 3.68 mg
B. -3.68 mg D. 2.23 mg

3. The population of Brgy. Mahabang Dahilig is approximately given by the

function P =10 000e0.010t. Find the population after 3 years.
A. 10 300 C. 10 513
B. 10 305 D. 10 619

4. Suppose your father invest Php2000.00 in a time deposit with an interest rate of
4% compounded monthly. Find the amount of money after 2 years.
A. Php 2 254.54 C. Php2 346.40
B. Php 2 020.07 D. Php2 374.16

5. Find x of the equation 16x = 4x-5.

A. -5 C. 4
B. 5 D. -2
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Remember that exponential functions may be increasing or decreasing in terms

of its value. A given exponential function is usually illustrated by the variable
“x” in their exponents.
An exponential function with base b is a function of the form f(x) = bx or
y = bx where b>0, b ≠ 1.
Recall the definition of exponential equations, inequalities and
functions in the previous lesson.
Exponential Exponential Exponential
Equation Inequality Function

An equation An inequality
Function of the form
involving involving
Definition f(x) = bx where b>
exponential exponential
0, b ≠ 1.
expression expressions

1 f(x) = 82𝑥
Example/s 3𝑥−2 = 32𝑥 − 3𝑥+2 ≤ 0
9 f(x) = (1.5)𝑥

You can also apply your knowledge of graphing exponential functions

using the properties given below:
Properties of the Graph of an Exponential Functions
An exponential function with the form f(x) = bx or y = bx where b > 0, b ≠
1, has the following characteristics as we observed from the graph:
a. The domain is the set of Real Numbers.
b. The range is the set (0,+ ∞)
c. The y - intercept is 1. There is no x - intercept.
d. The horizontal asymptote is the line y = 0 (the x - axis). There is no vertical
asymptote.
e. The function is one-to-one since it satisfies the horizontal line test.
f. Increasing if b > 0, decreasing if 0 < b < 1.

The graph of f(x) = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃𝒙−𝒄 + 𝒅

a. The value of b, where b>1, 0<b<1, determines whether the trend of the graph
is increasing or decreasing.
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
b. The value of |a| determines the stretch or shrinking of the graph. If a is
negative,
there is a reflection of the graph about the x-axis (or y=0).

c. The vertical shift of the graph is d units up if d>0 and d units down if d<0.
d. The horizontal shift of the graph is c units to the right of c>0 and c units left
if c<0.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Exponential function is one of the most important functions you will

encounter in general mathematics class. This function has many scientific
applications especially in determining the growth of a population and decay of a
particular substance.
The amount of your savings account and interest gain can be calculated
using exponential functions. Below is the mathematical formula for determining
a compound interest.
Compound Interest
The formula for interest that is compounded is
𝒓 𝒏𝒕
A = P(𝟏 + 𝒏)

Where
A represents the amount of money after a certain amount of time
P represents the principle or the amount of money you start with
r represents the interest rate and is always represented as decimal
n is the number of times interest is compounded in one year
t represents the amount in time

Example 1: Dr. Marie has Php 20 000.00 to invest for 5 years and she found an
interest rate of 5%. How much money will she have at the end
of 5 years if
a. The interest rate is compounded monthly.
b. The interest rate is compounded semi-annually.
 Learning Module for General Mathematics

Solution:
Since the interest rate is compounded monthly, the number of
times the interest compounds per year (n=12).
Given: P = 20 000.00 r = 0.05 t = 5 years n = 12
Use the formula
𝒓 𝒏𝒕
A = P(𝟏 + 𝒏)

𝟎.𝟎𝟓 𝟏𝟐(𝟓)
= 20 000(𝟏 + )
𝟏𝟐

A = 25 667.17Php
Therefore the doctor will have Php25 667.17 at the end of 5 years, if the
rate compounds every month.
b. The solution stays the same, but the number of times the
interest compounds per year is 2, since it compounds semi-annually (n=2)
we have
𝒓 𝒏𝒕
A = P(𝟏 + 𝒏)

0.05 2(5)
A = 20 000(1 + )
2

A = 25 601.69
Dr. Marie will have Php25 601.69 at the end of 5 years if the interest is
compounded semi-annually.

Population
Before we do next example, let’s look at a general form for population
models. Most of the time, we start with the function
P = Po ekt
where
P represents the population after a certain amount of time
Po represents the initial population
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
k represents the growth or sometimes decay rate
t represents the amount of time
e is not a variable, it has a numeric value equal to 2.72

Example 2: The population of a city is P=250000e 0.012t where t = 0 represents the

population in the year of 2000
a. Find the population of the city by year 2010
b. The population by year 2015

Solution:
a. To find the population in the year 2010, we have to let t = 10.

P = 250000e 0.012(10)
P = 250000e 0.12
P = 281 874.21
P = 281 874

Therefore the population of the city by 2010 is 281 874. Since we are dealing with
population, we normally round to a whole number.

b. To find the population in the year 2015, we let t = 15 .

P = 250000e 0.012(15)
P = 250000e 0.18
P = 299 304.34
P = 299 304

Example 3: Suppose that the population of mouse increases by 2.5 times a month.
When the initial population is 200, What is the approximate population
after a year?
Solution:

The population after a month is given by 200(2.5)n

The approximate population after a year is

P = 200(2.5)12
P = 11 920 928
Therefore, the population of mouse after a year is approximately 11 920 928.

Example 4 : Student A read a book in Gen. Math released by the Department of

Education and he found out the problem about exponential function
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
“The half-life of Zn – 71 is 2.45 minutes. Initially there were Yo grams of
1
Zn – 71, but only 256
of this amount remains after some time. How
much time has passed?” How do the student answer the problem?
Solution
𝑡
1 2.45
The amount of Zn – 71 in the substance is Y=Y0(2)
𝑡
1 2.45 1
Y0 ( ) = Yo
2 256
𝑡
1 2.45 1
(2) = 256
𝑡
1 2.45 1 8
( ) = ( )
2 256
𝑡
2.45
= 8

t = 19.6
Thus, 19.6 minutes have passed since t = 0.
Example 5: Student A and student B want to answer the problem in a math contest.
(0.5)x-3 > (0.25) -x-1 . Did anyone get the correct solution?

Student A Student B

(0.5)x-3 > (0.25) -x-1 (0.5)x-3 > (0.25) -x-1

(0.5)x-3 > (0.52) -x-1 (0.5)x-3 > (0.52) -x-1
(0.5)x-3 > (0.5)2(-x-1) (0.5)x-3 > (0.5)2(-x-1)
(0.5)x-3 > (0.5)-2x-2 (0.5)x-3 > (0.5)-2x-2
(0.5)x-3 > (0.5)-2x-2 (0.5)x-3 > (0.5)-2x-2
x-3 > -2x-2 x-3 < -2x-2
3x > 1 3x < 1
1 1
x > x<
3 3

Student B is correct and A is not. Student A should have reversed the direction
of the inequality after the transformation because base (0.5) is less than 1.

Example 6: The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5700 years and humans began
agriculture approximately ten thousand years ago. If we had 1kg of
carbon-14 in grams, what would we have now?

Solution
𝑛
The weight of the carbon-14 after n years is given by 1000 (12)5700 in
grams. Therefore the weight after 10,000 years is given by
 Learning Module for General Mathematics

10000
1000 (12) 5700 = 1000(0.296)
= 296.399

Therefore, we would have approximately 296 g of carbon-14.

Example 7: You decide to buy a second hand car that costs 150 000.00Php. The
amount of the car may depreciate at a rate of 10% per year. At that rate
what will the car be worth after 5 years?

Solution
Since the interest rate is compounded yearly,

Use the formula A = P(1-r)t, the problem is an example of exponential

decay.
Given : P = 150 000 r =0.10 n=5
A = 150 000(1-0.10)5
A = 88 573.50Php
The car is amounted to 88 573.50Php at the end of 5 years.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1:

1. The initial value of the machine is 300 500.00Php. After a year the value decrease
by half of the original price. What is the percent decrease? And find the value of
the machine at this same rate after 5 years from the initial value?

2. Suppose Mr. Carl invest 20 000.00Php in a savings account for his own family in
the future at the time he graduated college. The average interest rate is 4% and
is compounded semi-annually. How much will be his money in the bank after 10
years?

3. The number of milligrams of a drug in a person after t hours is given by the

function N= 10e-0.3t. Find the amount of the drug after 5 hours.

4. The population of one barangay in Sta. Clara can be modelled by the function
P=350 000(e)0.015t where t = 0 represents the population in the year 2020. Find
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
initial population of the barangay and the population in the year 2030.

2 5𝑥−1 25 1
5. The solution set to the problem (5) ≥ 4
of Student A is (-∞,- 5]. Determine if
the claim of Student A is correct.

REMEMBER

Compound interest, population increase, population decrease or decay are some

applications of exponential functions. In the problem, we’ll use the methods of
constructing table of values or identifying pattern to help us devise a plan in solving
problems.
The following are the formulas to be used in solving some exponential problems.
Compound Interest
The formula for interest that is compounded is
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛)

where
A represents the amount of money after a certain amount of time
P represents the principal or the amount of money you start with
r is the interest rate and always represented as decimals
n the number of times interest is compounded in one year.
t represents the time in years

Population
P = Po ekt
where
P represents the population after a certain amount of time
Po represents the initial population
k represents the growth or sometimes decay rate
t represents the amount of time
e is not a variable, it has a numeric value equal to 2.72
 Learning Module for General Mathematics

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Problem Solving 1.
In S.Y.2019-2020 the population of students in the Junior High School in
the Municipality of Sta. Cruz was 80 000. The population decreases due to the pandemic
Covid-19 at a rate of 5%. (a) What will be the population of the JHS students in the
school year 2020-2021? (b) If the population is continuously decreases due to pandemic
at same rate, what will be the population of the school in S.Y. 2022-2023?
Problem Solving 2.
The population of one town in Batangas is estimated to increase by 15%
each year. The population today of the said town is 20 000. Show an illustration of the
graph of its population and find the population of the town 10 years from now.

Problem Solving 3.
A radioactive substance has a half-life of 7 days. At the end of 7 days the
level of radioactivity is half of its value at the beginning. The initial level of radioactivity
is 20 counts per second. Find the radioactivity after 3 weeks. Draw the graph of the
amount of radioactivity against time in weeks.
Problem Solving 4.

The cost of a brandnew car is 3 200 000Php. It depreciates at a rate of

12% per year. Find the value of the car when it is four years old.

POSTTEST

Test I. Multiple Choice

1. Suppose your parents invest 1000.00 Php in a savings account for your 18 th
birthday at the time you were born. The average interest rate is 4% and is
compounded every 3 months. How much money will be in the bank when you are
18 years old.
A. 2047.10 C. 2025.82
B. 2044.68 D. 8313.81
2. Refer to no.1. If your parents had invested the same amount of principal with
8% compounded monthly. How much money will be in the bank when you are
18 years old.

A. 1893.79 C. 2603.39
B. 4200.57 D. 4206.58
3. The dosage in milligrams of a drug in a human after t-hours is given by the
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
function H=20e -0.3t . Find the amount of the drug after 3 hours.

A. 10.98 mg C. 6.02 mg
B. 8.13 mg D. 4.46 mg

4. A biologist starts with 100 bacteria in an experiment. The population of the

certain bacteria increases by 2.5 times per hour. What is the approximate
population of the bacteria after 12 hours

A. 953,675 C. 5, 960, 465

B. 2,384,186 D. 14, 901, 162
5. Four students in the class of Gen. Math namely, Nervi,Carl, Vince, Caira are
answering the problem given by their professor (110)x+5 ≥(1100)3x . Who among
the students got the correct solution set.

A. Nervi; [1,+∞)
B. Carl ; (1,+∞)
C. Vince ; [-∞,+∞)
D. Caira ; [-∞,1)

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Why saving money is important?

Saving your money is really important. It gives you peace of mind, expands your
options for decisions that have a major effect on your quality of life, and eventually gives
you the option to retire. Most people in the world who are wealthy got there through a
combination of their own hard work and smart savings and investment decisions. You can
become one of those people, too. If you don’t earn much and you can barely pay your bills,
the idea of saving money might seem laughable. When you only have 5 000.00Php left at
the end of the month, why even bother to try saving? Because everyone has to start
somewhere, and if you work at it, your financial situation is likely to improve over time.
Saving money is worth the effort. It gives you options, and the more you save, the easier it
becomes to accumulate additional savings.

Guide Question:

a. For you as student, how will

you save your money? And
what are your possible goals
to increase your savings?

b. During this kind of

pandemic (COVID-19) or
situation, how savings help
us?

https://www.bing.com/images/search
 Learning Module for General Mathematics
E-SITES
To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the internet, you may
visit the following;

 https://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m116/logs/exponential.html
 https://www.academia.edu/36815004/General_Mathematics_Learners_ Materi
al_Department_of_Education_Republic_of_the_Philippines
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/graphs- of-exponential-
and-logarithmic-functions/

REFERENCES
Oronce, O. A. (2016). General Mathematics (First Edition). Rex Book Store Inc.
Orines, F. B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics. Phoenix Publishing
House.

Acknowledgements
Writer: Ruel Cueto, MT II, Manila Science High School
Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team:
Maria Magdalena M. Lim
Schools Division Superintendent-Manila,
Aida H. Rondilla - Chief , CID
Lucky S. Carpio – EPS, LRMS
Lady Hannah C Gillo - Librarian II-LRMS

ANSWER KEY

PRETEST:
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A
ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1:
1. (a) 50% , (b) 9 390.63 2. 29 718.95 3. 2.23
2. 406 642 4. Yes.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
1. (a) 76 000, (b) 68 590 3. 2.5
2. 80 911 4. 1 670 400
POST TEST
Test I.
1. A 2. B 3.B 4. C 5. A