To Investigate A Self Designed Transformer
To Investigate A Self Designed Transformer
To Investigate A Self Designed Transformer
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
AMAN GOYAL
IN
PHYSICS
XII ‘A’
ROLL NO: 01
2022-23
CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL
GREATER NOIDA
PHYSICS INVESTIGTORY PROJECT
CERTIFICATE
Signature Signature
Physics Teacher External Examiner
APPARATUS
IRON ROD
COPPER WIRE
VOLTMETER
AMMETER
DIAGRAMS
THEORY:
When an altering e.m.f. is supplied to the primary coil
p1p2, an alternating current starts falling in it. The
altering current in the primary produces a changing
magnetic flux, which induces altering voltage in the
primary as well as in the secondary.
In a good transformer, whole of the magnetic flux linked
with primary is also linked with the secondary, and then
the induced e.m.f. induced in each turn of the secondary is
equal to that induced in each turn of the primary. Thus if
Ep and Es be the instantaneous values of the e.m.f.’s
induced in the primary and the secondary and Np and Ns
are the no. of turns of the primary secondary coils of the
transformer and
d∅
dt = rate of change of flux in each turn off the coil at this
instant,
We have,
d∅
E P=−N P
dt ----------------- (1)
And
d∅
E s=−N s
dt ----------------- (2)
Since the above relations are true at every instant, so by
dividing 2 by 1, we get,
E S −N S
=
EP N P
-------------- (3)
E−EP =I P RP
IN A STEP-UP TRANSFORMER:
E S > E, so K > 1, hence N S > NP as, k > 1, so I P >IS
IN A STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER:
E S < E, so K < 1, hence N S < NP as, k > 1, so I P >IS
ES IP
= =K
EP I S
USES OF TRANSFORMER
A transformer is used in almost all a.c. operations:
PROCEDURE
Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and
wind a large number of turns of thin Cu wire on thick paper
(say 300) uniformly on it leaving two free ends P1& P2 .
This constitutes primary coil of the transformer.
OBSERVATIONS:
• No. of turns in primary , NP = 300
• No. of turns in secondary , NS = 100
Es
S.No. Input Voltage Output
EP
( E ) (Volt)
P Voltage ( E )
s
(Volt)
1. 80V 240V 3
1
2. 240V 80 V 3
RESULT:
ES N S
Clearly EP N P within
= experimental error.
CONCLUSION
▪ The output voltage of the transformer across the secondary coil
depends upon the ratio (Ns/Np) with respect to the input voltage
▪ The output voltage of the transformer across the secondary coil
depends upon the ratio (Ns/N p) with respect to the input voltage
▪ There is a loss of power between input and output coil of a
transformer
PRECAUTIONS:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
BIBLIOGRAPHY