KYNAR & KYNAR FLEX PVDF

® ®

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS & DATA

THERMOPLASTICS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
 K YNAR &
®

K YNAR F LE X P VDF
®

THERMOPLASTICS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

KYNAR® polyvinylidene fluoride is a tough engineering thermoplastic

that offers a balance of performance properties. It has the characteris-
tic stability of fluoropolymers to resist harsh thermal, chemical and
ultraviolet environments. KYNAR® resins, in addition to being readily
melt-processed by standard methods, can be dissolved in polar
solvents, such as organic esters and amines for coating applications.

CHEMICAL PROCESSING
Because it has high temperature resistance, low
permeability and high mechanical strength, KYNAR® PVDF
is used as a contact surface for the production, storage
and transfer of corrosive fluids. KYNAR® PVDF resin is used
in mechanical components, fabricated vessels, tanks,
pumps, valves, filters, heat exchangers, tower packing,
piping systems, and many other applications.

ELECTRICITY & ELECTRONICS

Its fire-resistance, abrasion resistance, low-smoke emission,
chemical and mechanical properties make KYNAR® PVDF
resin suitable for protective sheathing, plenum and
communications wiring insulation and binder resin for
battery manufacture.

HIGH PURITY
As semi-conductor and pharmaceutical production require
increasingly pure materials. High purity KYNAR® PVDF resin
grades meet industry needs. KYNAR® PVDF resin regulatory
listings include food and water use certifications as well as
listings for use in industries such as healthcare.

TRANSPORTATION
KYNAR® PVDF resin is used in both public and private
transport vehicles as a barrier liner for automotive fuel line
and gas station fuel pipes, in decorative films, as as binder
in HEV/EV batteries, as molded and thermoformed body
components (weathering, anti-grime/graffiti), and as tanker
trailer linings for corrosion protection. KYNAR® PVDF resin
has strength, durability and versatility that make it a
preferred material in automotive wiring harnesses,
general coatings, electrochromic technology and
plastic optical fibers.

ARCHITECTURE
The excellent outdoor aging and weathering properties of
KYNAR 500® PVDF resin led to its use in long-lasting paints
for coating metal sheet for the past 40 years. KYNAR 500®
can also be used to protect thermoplastics through coextru-
sion or film lamination techniques to obtain anti-grime and
anti-graffiti surfaces with excellent weathering properties.
CONTENTS
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Product Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table II: KYNAR® Homopolymer Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table III: KYNAR FLEX® Copolymer Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
General Physical & Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Design Properties for Special Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Basic Welding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Processing Equipment & Materials of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Burning Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fuel and Offshore Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Regulatory Status of KYNAR® PVDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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 APPLICATIONS

INDUSTRIAL BATTERY PHOTOVOLTAIC

KYNAR® PVDF components are used KYNAR® PVDF homopolymers and KYNAR Arkema produces KYNAR® film for use in the
extensively in: FLEX® copolymers are used in the battery protection of back sheet and for front sheet
• the high-purity semiconductor market industry as binders for cathodes and anodes in glazing. KYNAR® Film provides superior solar
(low extractable values) lithium-ion batteries, and as battery separa- transmittance and also has excellent dirt shed-
• the pulp and paper industry tors in lithium-ion polymer batteries. Arkema ding and fire resistance properties.
(chemically resistant to halogens and acids) has more than forty years of experience in
• nuclear waste processing PVDF coatings and films and can help design MEMBRANE
(radiation and hot-acid resistant) thinner, smaller lithium-ion batteries. KYNAR® PVDF resin is a respected membrane
• the general chemical processing industry material for applications ranging from bioprocess
(extreme chemical and temperature applications) POWDER COATINGS separations to water purification because it is
• water treatment membranes KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC is a functional powder extremely chemically resistant and well suited
(industrial and potable water uses) coating system which enables a thick spray to aggressive chemical environments. KYNAR®
KYNAR® fluoropolymers also meet coating of KYNAR® PVDF resin to be applied PVDF has a high temperature resistance, which
specifications for food and pharmaceutical to metals for optimum corrosion resistance. makes it appropriate for applications which
processing industries. require high temperature cleaning. KYNAR®
Manufactured with no additives and inherently PVDF tolerates ozone and chlorine (an oxidant
KYNAR® homopolymer resins are strong very pure, KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC complies increasingly used for water purification) very
engineering fluoropolymers. KYNAR FLEX® with United States Pharmacopeia (USP) well. Grades with FDA and NSF listings, are
resins are a series of PVDF-based copolymers, requirements (Class VI) and Food & Drug compatible with direct food/beverage contact
similar to KYNAR® homopolymer resins in purity Administration (FDA) regulations, and is suit- applications.
and chemical resistance, but also have chemical able for coating equipment used in the phar-
compatibility in high pH solutions, increased maceutical, food, chemical and semi-conduc- KYNAR® PVDF resin is soluble in (n-
impact strength at ambient and low tempera- tor industries. methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide,
tures, and increased clarity. dimethylsulfoxide, and dimethylformamide)
KYNAR® ADX powder coatings can be applied and can be conveniently solution-cast into
KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® resins can be fabri- without primer. porous membranes by phase inversion. It is
cated into a wide range of components including: used to manufacture flat sheet, hollow fiber,
Pipes, fittings and valves PLENUM and TIPS process membranes.
Pump assemblies Select grades of KYNAR® resin easily achieve
Sheet and stock shapes the flame spread/smoke developed rating KYNAR® ADX
Films of 25/50 when tested in accordance with KYNAR® ADX resins are a new functionalized
Tubing (flexible & rigid) ASTM E 84. PVDF offering strong adhesion to various sub-
Tanks and vessels strates. KYNAR® ADX can be used in automo-
Nozzles A wide variety of KYNAR FLEX® resin grades tive, chemical processing, battery, coatings
Membranes and filter housing are offered for use in the plenum cable and packaging applications.
Powder coatings industry. Cables produced using KYNAR® PVDF
Foams resin have have almost no smoke generation In co-extrusion: KYNAR® ADX resin can be
and no flame spread when tested to NFPA 262 combined with other polymers (PE, PA, etc.)
FOAM (UL 910). to achieve mechanical, chemical and barrier
KYNAR® PVDF closed cell foams are available properties.
in sheets or rolls. KYNAR® PVDF foams have POLYMER PROCESS AIDS (PPA)
very high purity, very low flammability and are KYNAR FLEX® PPA are additives designed to ROTOMOLDING
UV and corrosion resistant. aid in the extrusion of thermoplastic resins. Rotomolding, or rotational molding, is a highly
KYNAR FLEX® PPA can be used in blown film, versatile manufacturing option that allows for
FILM cast film, blow molding, wire and cable jacket- a wide range of design possibilities at low
KYNAR® PVDF film can be used for applica- ing, pipe and tube extrusion, and extruded production costs. KYNAR FLEX® RG resins are
tions requiring long-term protection. The film fiber processes. When used at very low levels specifically designed for rotational molding
is produced by monolayer or multilayer technol- of 100–1000 ppm, KYNAR FLEX® PPA can pro- and offer excellent abrasion resistance and
ogy as thin, thick, wide or narrow (from 10 to vide benefits to a wide range of resins, partic- toughness.
175 µm), allowing great freedom of design. The ularly polyolefins. These benefits include elim-
commercial range includes both mass-tinted ination of melt-fracture (sharkskin), reduction Rotolining allows customers to use KYNAR®
and transparent films, which can be printed of die build-up, increased output, reduced resin to protect complex geometric and/or
with a variety of designs. KYNAR® PVDF energy consumption, and faster start-up or enclosed shapes that cannot be lined
film can be laminated onto thermoplastic, changeover time. or coated in a conventional manner.
thermoset or coated-metal supports.

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PRODUCT RANGE

POWDER PELLETS LATEX

White, nonhygroscopic, approximately 5 Natural resin: translucent, off-white Approximately 18.6 lbs/gal of nominal 18%
micrometer particles loosely agglomerated: hemispheres. Bulk density approximately (by weight) solids with a density of
sieve size-through 14 mesh. Bulk density 60 lbs/ft 3. 1.10 ± 0.1 g/cc.
approximately 18 lbs/ft 3.

These are typical values, not to be construed as sales specifications.

TA B L E I
KYNAR ® PVDF FABRICATION MELT VISCOSITY MELT FLOW RATE MELT FLOW MELTING SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS
GRADE METHOD (ASTM D1238) RATE LOAD POINT POINT RANGE
(ASTM D3835) 450°F 450°F g/10 MIN lb (kg)
K POISE @100 SEC-1

PELLETS
340 Injection Molding & Extrusion 3.0 - 8.0 22 (10) 165 - 172°C Conductive
370 Injection Molding 8.0 - 13.0 165 - 172°C Low melt shrinkage, carbon filled
460 Injection Molding & Extrusion 23.5 - 29.5 6.0 - 14.0 47.5 (21.6) 155 - 165°C Broad molecular weight distribution
710, 710 HDP Injection Molding 4.0 - 8.0 19.0 - 35.0 8.36 (3.8) 165 - 172°C HDP indicates higher color stability
720 Injection Molding & Extrusion 6.0 - 12.0 5.0 - 29.0 8.36 (3.8) 165 - 172°C
740 Injection Molding & Extrusion 15.0 - 23.0 6.0 - 25.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C
740-02 Injection Molding & Extrusion 14.0 - 22.0 7.0 - 28.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C Flame & smoke suppressant
740 Black /Red Injection Molding & Extrusion 15.0 - 23.0 6.0 - 25.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C Pigmented
1000 HD Injection Molding & Extrusion 15.0 - 20.0 1.5 - 2.5 11.0 (5.0) 165 - 172°C
6000 HD Injection Molding 7.0 - 11.0 2.0 - 4.0 11.0 (5.0) 165 - 172°C
9000 HD Injection Molding 5.0 - 8.0 16.0 - 40.0 11.0 (5.0) 165 - 172°C
EXAD 3000 Extrusion 12.0 - 18.0 2.0 - 7.0 11.0 (5.0) 140 - 145°C Extrusion aid, lubricated
2750-01 Extrusion & Molding 20.0 - 25.0 4.0 - 14.0 27.5 (12.5) 130 - 138°C Very flexible, lubricated
2800-00 Extrusion 22.0 - 27.0 3.0 - 8.0 27.5 (12.5) 140 - 145°C Flexible
2800-20 Extrusion & Molding 12.0 - 20.0 1.0 - 6.0 11.0 (5.0) 140 - 145°C Flexible
2850-00 Extrusion & Molding 23.0 - 27.0 3.0 - 8.0 27.5 (12.5) 155 - 160°C 150°C temperature rating
2850-02 Extrusion 16.0 - 20.0 10.0 - 20.0 27.5 (12.5) 155 - 160°C 150°C temperature rating
2850-04 Extrusion & Molding 4.0 - 8.0 8.0 - 25.0 8.36 (3.8) 155 - 160°C 150°C temperature rating
2850-07 Extrusion & Molding 16.0 - 20.0 10.0 - 20.0 27.5 (12.5) 155 - 160°C 150°C temperature rating
2850 Black Extrusion & Molding 16.0 - 28.0 4.0 - 18.0 27.5 (12.5) 155 - 160°C 150°C temperature rating, pigmented
2900-04 Extrusion & Molding 5.0 - 12.0 4.0 - 17.5 8.36 (3.8) 140 - 145°C Flexible, flame & smoke suppressant
2950-05 Extrusion & Molding 5.0 - 12.0 4.0 - 17.5 8.36 (3.8) 130 - 138°C Very flexible, flame & smoke suppressant
3120-15 Extrusion & Molding 5.0 - 12.0 4.0 - 17.5 8.36 (3.8) 161 - 168°C Flexible, flame & smoke suppressant
3120-50 Extrusion & Molding 20.0 - 26.0 2.5 - 7.5 27.5 (12.5) 161 - 168°C Flexible, 150°C temperature rating
2500-20 Extrusion & Molding 5.0 - 16.0 1.0 - 15.0 8.36 (3.8) 117 - 125°C Highest flexibility

POWDER
201 Toners 28.0 - 34.0 2.0 - 6.0 47.5 (21.6) 155 - 165°C
301-F Toners, Dispersion Coatings 28.0 - 34.0 2.0 - 6.0 47.5 (21.6) 155 - 165°C Fine milled powder
451 Membranes 28.0 - 34.0 2.5 - 5.5 47.5 (21.6) 155 - 165°C
461 Membranes, Binders 23.5 - 29.5 6.0 - 14.0 47.5 (21.6) 155 - 165°C
711 Binders, Additives, etc. 4.0 - 8.0 19.0 - 35.0 8.36 (3.8) 165 - 172°C
721 Binders, Additives, etc. 5.0 - 12.0 5.0 - 29.0 8.36 (3.8) 165 - 172°C
741 Binders, Additives, etc. 15.0 - 23.0 6.0 - 25.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C
761 Binders, Additives, etc. 23.0 - 29.0 2.0 - 6.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C
761A Binders, Additives, etc. 30.0 - 34.0 2.0 - 6.0 27.5 (12.5) 165 - 172°C
2751-00 Binders, Additives, etc. 20.0 - 25.0 4.0 - 14.0 27.5 (12.5) 130 - 138°C Flexible
2801-00 Binders, Additives, etc. 23.0 - 27.0 3.0 - 8.0 27.5 (12.5) 140 - 145°C Flexible
2821-00 Binders, Additives, etc. 12.0 - 20.0 1.0 - 6.0 11.0 (5.0) 140 - 145°C Flexible
2501-20 Binders, Additives, etc. 6.0 - 15.0 2.0 - 14.0 8.36 (3.8) 117 - 125°C Very flexible, very soluble
LBG Binders, Additives, etc. 33.0 - 39.0 3.0 - 8.0 (21.6) 148 - 155°C Li ion battery applications, membrane
HSV Binders, Additives, etc. 40.0 - 56.0 N/A N/A 160 - 169°C Li ion battery applications, membrane

OTHER
2850 PC Spray Coating Powder 4.0 - 8.0 8.0 - 25.0 27.5 (12.5) 155 - 160°C Electrostatic spray
Latex 32 Impregnating Fabrics 155 - 160°C Water base, fine particle size
5300 Process Additive <170 Pellets or Powder

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 ®
KYNAR HOMOPOLYMER SERIES
TA B L E II
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 460 1000 SERIES 2 700 SERIES 2 370 3

Refractive Index D542/at Sodium D line 77°F (25°C) 1.42 1.42 1.42 —
Specific Gravity D792/73°F (23°C) 1.75 - 1.77 1.76 - 1.78 1.77 - 1.79 1.84 - 1.88
Water Absorption D570/68F (20°C) % 0.02 - 0.04 0.01 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.03 0.04 - 0.06
Immersion/24 Hours

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 460 1000 SERIES 2 700 SERIES 2 370 3

Flexural Strength @ 5% Strain D790/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 7,000 - 9,000 (48 - 62) 8,500 - 11,000 (58 - 76) 8,500 - 11,000 (58 - 76) 20,000 - 30,000 (138
Flexural Modulus D790/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 200,000 - 260,000 240,000 - 335,000 200,000 - 335,000 800,000 - 1,000,00
(1379 - 1792) (1655 - 2310) (1655 - 2310) (5515 - 6895)
Tensile Yield Elongation D638/73°F (23°C) % 10 - 15 5 - 10 5 - 10 0-4
Tensile Yield Strength D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 5,000 - 7,500 (34 - 52) 6,500 - 8,000 (45 - 55) 6,500 - 8,000 (45 - 55) 5,000 - 8,000 (34 -
Tensile Break Elongation D638/73°F (23°C) % 50 - 250 20 - 100 20 - 100 0 - 20
Tensile Break Strength D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 4,500 - 7,000 (31 - 48) 5,000 - 7,000 (34 - 48) 5,000 - 8,000 (34 - 55) 5,500 - 8,000 (38 -
Tensile Modulus D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 150,000 - 200,000 200,000 - 335,000 200,000 - 335,000 450,000 - 750,000
(1034 - 1379) (1379 - 2310) (1379 - 2310) (3102 - 5171)
Compressive Strength D695 /73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 8,000 - 10,000 (34 - 69) 10,000 - 15,000 (69 - 103) 10,000 - 15,000 (69 - 103) 20,000 - 25,000 (138
Deflection Temperature D648/at 264 psi (1.82 MPa) °F (°C) 176 - 194 (80 - 90) 220 - 230 (104 - 110) 221 - 239 (105 - 115) 230 - 260 (104 - 12
Deflection Temperature D648/at 66 psi (0.45 MPa) °F (°C) 234 - 284 (112 - 140) — 257 - 284 (125 - 140) 270 - 300 (132 - 14
Impact Strength Notched Izod D256/73°F (23°C) Ft-Lb/In 1.8 - 4 1.8 - 4 1.8 - 4 0.75 - 1.50
Impact Strength Unnotched Izod D256/73°F (23°C) Ft-Lb/In 15 - 40 20 - 80 20 - 80 5 - 10
Hardness D2240/73°F (23°C) Shore D 75 - 80 77 - 82 76 - 80 74 - 79
Tabor Abrasion CS-17 1000g:pad mg/1000 cycles 7-9 5-9 5-9 —
Coefficient of Friction - Static vs. Steel ASTM D 1894 73°F (23°C) 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18
Coefficient of Friction - Dynamic vs. Steel ASTM D 1894 73°F (23°C) 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12

1 2 2
THERMAL PROPERTIES STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 460 1000 SERIES 700 SERIES 370 3

Melting Temperature D3418 °F (°C) 311 - 320 (155 - 160) 337 - 340 (169 - 171) 329 - 342 (165 - 172) 329 - 338 (165 - 17
Tg (DMA) @ 1 Hz °F (°C) -41 - -37 (-40 - -38) -41 - -37 (-40 - -38) -41 - -37 (-40 - -38) -41 - -37 (-40 - -38
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion D696 10E-5/°F 5.0 - 7.0 6.6 - 8.0 6.6 - 8.0 2.0 - 2.5
Thermal Conductivity ASTM D433 BTU-in/hr.ft^2.°F 1.18 - 1.32 1.18 - 1.32 1.18 - 1.32 —
Specific Heat DSC BTU/Lb.°F 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36 —
Thermal Decomposition TGA 1% wt. loss /in air °F (°C) 707 (375) 707 (375) 707 (375) 707 (375)
Thermal Decomposition TGA 1% wt. loss /in nitrogen °F (°C) 770 (410) 770 (410) 770 (410) 770 (410)

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 460 1000 SERIES 2 700 SERIES 2 370 3

Dielectric Strength 73°F D149/73°F (23°C) KV/Mil 1.6 1.6 1.7 —

Dielectric Constant 73°F D150/100MHz - 100 Hz 4.5 - 9.5 4.5 - 9.5 4.5 - 9.5 28.8 - 33.5
Dissipation Factor 73°C D150/100 Hz 0.01 - 0.21 0.01 - 0.25 0.01 - 0.21 0.06 - 0.08
Volume Resistivity D257/DC 68F (20°C)/65% R.H. ohm-cm 2 x 1014 2 x 1014 2 x 1014 1 x 10 11

FLAME & SMOKE PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 460 1000 SERIES 2 700 SERIES 2 370 3

Burning Rate UL / Bulletin 94 V-O V-O V-O V-O

Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) D2868 % O2 44 60 75 44

1. Typical property values. Should not be construed as sales specifications.

2. The KYNAR® 700 PVDF and KYNAR® 1000 PVDF series span a wide range of melt viscosities (see page 3). Please contact an Arkema representative for typical values of specific grades.
3. Filled with graphite powder to reduce mold shrinkage.

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 ®
KYNAR FLEX COPOLYMER SERIES
TA B L E III
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 2500 2750/2950 2800/2900 2850 3120

Refractive Index D542/at Sodium D line 77°F (25°C) 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.41
Specific Gravity D792/73°F (23°C) 1.80 - 1.82 1.78 - 1.80 1.76 - 1.79 1.77 - 1.80 1.76 - 1.79
Water Absorption D570/68F (20°C) % — 0.03 - 0.06 0.03 - 0.05 0.03 - 0.05 0.03 - 0.05
Immersion/24 Hours

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 2500 2750/2950 2800 /2900 2850 3120

Flexural Strength @ 5% Strain D790/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 1,500 - 2,500 (10 - 17) 2,000 - 3,500 (14 - 24) 3,000 - 5,000 (20 - 34) 3,000 - 5,000 (20 - 34) 3,000 - 5,000 (20 - 34)
Flexural Modulus D790/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 28,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 60,000 70,000 - 110,000 150,000 -180,000 90,000 - 120,000
(192 - 276) (276 - 414) (620 - 827) (1034 - 1241) (620 - 827)
Tensile Yield Elongation D638/73°F (23°C) % 17 - 25 15 - 25 10 - 20 5 - 15 10 - 20
Tensile Yield Strength D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 1,700 - 2,800 (12 - 19) 2,000 - 3,100 (14 - 21) 2,900 - 5,000 (20 - 34) 4,500 - 6,000 (31 - 41) 3,500 - 5,000 (24 - 34)
Tensile Break Elongation D638/73°F (23°C) % 500 - 800 200 - 400 100 - 300 30 - 200 300 - 550
Tensile Break Strength D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 2,000 - 4,500 (14 - 24) 2,900 - 4,000 (20 - 27) 2,500 - 5,000 (17 - 34) 4,000 - 7,000 (27 - 48) 5,000 - 7,000 (34 - 48)
Tensile Modulus D638/73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 35,000 - 55,000 40,000 - 65,000 80,000 - 130,000 150,000 - 220,000 100,000 - 170,000
(241 - 379) (276 - 448) (551 - 896) (1034 - 1517) (689 - 1172)
Compressive Strength D695 /73°F (23°C) psi (MPa) 2,000 - 3,000 (14 - 20) 3,500 - 4,500 (24 - 31) 4,500 - 6,000 (31 - 41) 6,000 - 8,500 (41 - 58) 4,500 - 6,000 (31 - 41)
Deflection Temperature D648/at 264 psi (1.82 MPa) °F (°C) 80 - 100 (27 - 38) 95 - 125 (35 - 51) 104 - 131 (40 - 55) 100 - 131 (38 - 55) 110 - 130 (43 - 54)
Deflection Temperature D648/at 66 psi (0.45 MPa) °F (°C) — 120 - 150 (49 - 65) 140 - 167 (60 - 75) 140 - 167 (60 - 75) 130 - 170 (54 - 77)
Impact Strength Notched Izod D256/73°F (23°C) Ft-Lb/In NO BREAK NO BREAK 10 - 20 2-8 NO BREAK
Impact Strength Unnotched Izod D256/73°F (23°C) Ft-Lb/In NO BREAK NO BREAK NO BREAK NO BREAK NO BREAK
Hardness D2240/73°F (23°C) Shore D 55 - 60 57 - 62 65 - 70 70 - 75 65 - 70
Tabor Abrasion CS-17 1000g:pad mg/1000 cycles 28 - 33 21 - 25 16 - 19 6-9 16 - 19
Coefficient of Friction - Static vs. Steel ASTM D 1894 73°F (23°C) 0.49 0.55 0.33 0.26 0.31
Coefficient of Friction - Dynamic vs. Steel ASTM D 1894 73°F (23°C) 0.54 0.54 0.33 0.19 0.30

THERMAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 2500 2750/2950 2800/2900 2850 3120

Melting Temperature D3418 °F (°C) 242 - 257 (117 - 125) 266 - 280 (130 - 138) 284 - 293 (140 - 145) 311 - 320 (155 - 160) 322 - 334 (161 - 168)
Tg (DMA) @ 1 Hz °F (°C) -46 - -40 (-43 - -40) -44 - -40 (-42 - -40) -42 - -39 (-41 - -39) -41 - -37 (-40 - -38) -42 - -39 (-41 - -39)
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion D696 10E-5/°F 8.5 - 10.8 9.0 - 12.0 7.0 - 10.3 7.0 - 10.3 7.0 - 10.3
Thermal Conductivity ASTM D433 BTU-in/hr.ft^2.°F 1.00 - 1.25 1.00 - 1.25 1.00 - 1.25 1.00 - 1.25 1.00 - 1.25
Specific Heat DSC BTU/Lb.°F 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36 0.28 - 0.36
Thermal Decomposition TGA 1% wt. loss /in air °F (°C) 707 (375) 707 (375) 707 (375) 707 (375) 707 (375)
Thermal Decomposition TGA 1% wt. loss /in nitrogen °F (°C) 770 (410) 770 (410) 770 (410) 770 (410) 770 (410)

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 2500 2750/2950 2800/2900 2850 3120

Dielectric Strength 73°F D149/73°F (23°C) KV/Mil 0.8 - 1.1 1.1 - 1.3 1.3 - 1.5 1.3 - 1.6 1.3 - 1.5
Dielectric Constant 73°F D150/100MHz - 100 Hz 4.5 - 13.5 3.8 - 12.1 3.5 - 10.6 3.5 - 10.2 3.2 - 10.2
Dissipation Factor 73°C D150/100 Hz 0.05 - 0.29 0.02 - 0.24 0.02 - 0.21 0.01 - 0.22 0.02 - 0.19
Volume Resistivity D257/DC 68F (20°C)/65% R.H. ohm-cm 2 x 1014 2 x 1014 2 x 1014 2 x 1014 2 x 1014

FLAME & SMOKE PROPERTIES 1 STANDARD /CONDITIONS UNITS 2500 2750/2950 2800 /2900 2850 3120

Burning Rate UL / Bulletin 94 V-O V-O V-O V-O V-O

Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) D2868 % O2 42/95 2 43/95 2 42/75 2 43/75 2 42/95 2

1. Typical property values. Should not be construed as sales specifications.

2. Optional products available with higher LOI.

www.kynar.com
5
 GENERAL PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® PVDF resin grades resins are thermally stable up to 375°C LINEAR EXPANSION
give the design professional the option to (707°F) when heated in air at the rate of Table IV illustrates the linear expansion of
combine rigid and flexible materials when 5°C/min (9°F/min). KYNAR® resins thermally various KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® resins for
processing. As a material of construction for decompose at temperatures greater than the temperature range of -120° to 160°C
pumps and pipe, KYNAR® resins exhibit 375°C (707°F). (Please review KYNAR® (-184° to 320°F).
excellent resistance to abrasion. KYNAR® PVDF Material Safety Data Sheet for details and
can also be manufactured in thin, flexible and recommendations.) However, the melt process- CRYSTALLINITY
transparent films, filament, and tubing. ing range of unfilled KYNAR® homopolymer The degree of crystallinity of the final KYNAR®
KYNAR® resins are unaffected by sunlight. For resins is very broad – from slightly above the part depends on the resin grade and processing
information on the ability of KYNAR® PVDF to melting point of 155°-170°C (311°- 338°F) up conditions. Rapid cooling (quenching) of the
withstand ultraviolet radiation, please contact to 300°C (572°F). Under certain conditions, melt impedes crystallization and promotes
an Arkema Fluoropolymer Representative. KYNAR® resin can be processed at higher a smaller crystallite size. Slow cooling or
Tables II and III (pp. 4-5) list typical properties temperatures. Please consult a technical heating below the melting point (annealing)
of KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer representative for more information. KYNAR® perfects the crystallization process and
resin grades, which display excellent flexural homopolymer is typically processed at relaxes stresses. In addition, re-orientation
and tensile creep properties. temperatures from 180°- 265°C (356°- 509°F). by annealing increases crystallization and
long-term performance and stability. With
STRENGTH & TOUGHNESS In general, KYNAR® resins are some of the increased crystallinity, parts will have a higher
KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® PVDF fluoropoly- easiest fluoropolymers to process. KYNAR® yield strength, modulus and hardness.
mers are inherently strong and tough as resins can be recycled up to three times
reflected by their tensile properties and without detriment to their mechanical properties
impact strength. An ambient temperature ten- because KYNAR® resin is inherently thermally
sile strength at yield of 35-55 MPa (5,000- stable and does not contain additives. Like
8,000 psi) and an unnotched impact strength most thermoplastics, KYNAR® resins
of 800-4270 kJ/m (15-80 ft-lbs/in) offered discolor and degrade during processing if
by select resins emphasize this. These charac- the processing temperature is too high, the
teristics are retained over a wide range of residence time is too long, or the shear rate is
temperatures, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. too high. Please review the Product Safety
section for more information.
FLEXURAL CREEP
Compared to many thermoplastics, KYNAR®
fluoropolymers have excellent resistance to tensile
creep and fatigue. The long-term resistance of
KYNAR® resins to flexural creep at elevated
temperatures is shown in Figure 3, which illus-
trates that KYNAR® resins are suitable for many Tensile Modulus vs. Temperature for Various KYNAR ® Grades FIGURE 1
applications in which load bearing characteristics 350,000 2450
are important. Likewise, the short-term flexural
Tensile Modulus, Young’s (psi)

710

Tensile Modulus, Young’s (MPa)

300,000 2100
creep resistance of KYNAR® homopolymer
resins reflects superior load bearing 250,000 1750
performance.
200,000 2850-00 1400

TENSILE CREEP 150,000 1050

3120-50
KYNAR® fluoropolymers are rigid and resistant 100,000 2800-00 700
to creep under mechanical stress and load. 2950-05
50,000 350
KYNAR® resins are able to maintain a low 2500-20
tensile creep when subjected to constant 0 0
23 50 70 100
stress. For example, when KYNAR® resin is
subjected to a stress of 0.69 MPa (100 psi), Test Temperature (°C)
the resin is able to maintain outstanding
resistance even at temperatures as high as
140°C (284°F).
COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION (x 10 -5/C) TA B L E IV
THERMAL PROPERTIES
KYNAR® resins exhibit high thermal stability, RESIN GRADE -40°C -20°C 0°C 23°C 70°C 85°C
as illustrated in Tables II and III. Prolonged
exposure of KYNAR® resin at 250°C (482°F) in KYNAR® 710 8.9 10.8 12.2 13.4 18.3 20.4
air does not lead to weight loss. No oxidative KYNAR® 740 8.6 10.2 11.4 12.4 16.7 18.8
or thermal degradation has been detected
KYNAR FLEX 2800-00 ® 9.7 12.9 15.7 18.5 27.4 32.6
during continuous exposure of KYNAR® resins
to 150°C (302°F) for a period of ten years. As KYNAR FLEX® 2950-05 9.7 13.6 17.1 20.2 31.3 37.0
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms
KYNAR FLEX 3120-50 ® 10.2 13.1 15.5 17.5 23.0 24.7
indicate in Figure 4, KYNAR® homopolymer

www.kynar.com
6
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Tensile Stress @ 20% Strain vs. Temperature FIGURE 2
The electrical properties of KYNAR® PVDF resins
8000 56
are shown in Tables II and III. Its combination of 710

Tensile Stress @ 20% Strain (MPa)

Tensile Stress @ 20% Strain (psi)
high dielectric strength and excellent mechanical
properties over a broad temperature range has 6000 2850-00 42
led KYNAR® resin to be used for thin-wall primary
insulation and as a jacket for industrial control 4000 3120-50 28
wiring. KYNAR® PVDF resin has a high dissipa- 2800-00
2950-05
tion factor which lends an advantage as a mate-
2000 2500-20 14
rial for parts requiring dielectric high heating
strengths such as impedenace welding. With
proper shielding, KYNAR® PVDF resin can be 0 0
used as jacketing for high frequency data 23 50 70 100

cables because of its excellent flame and Test Temperature (°C)

smoke performance.

STABILITY TO WEATHER & UV EFFECTS Flexural Creep of KYNAR ® Homopolymer Resins at High Stresses
Many years of outdoor exposure in direct as a Function of Time + Temperature FIGURE 3
sunlight have little effect on the physical
properties of KYNAR® PVDF. Some increases 4.0

in tensile strength and reduction in elongation

do occur over time. (194 F)
3.7 MP a (530 psi) 90C
3.0

OUTGASSING UNDER HIGH VACUUM

Deflection (%)

KYNAR® PVDF resin is a polymer with inherent-

2.0
ly low outgassing and low condensable film 3.14 MPa (454 psi) 90C (194F)
formation. KYNAR® homopolymer resins exhib- 3.7 MP a (53 0 psi ) 60C
(14 0F)
it extremely low weight loss when exposed to 1.0
high vacuum. At 100°C (212°F) and a pressure (194 F)
1.2 MP a (172 psi) 90C
of 5 x10 -6 torr, the measured rate of weight
) 60C (14 0F)
loss is only 13 x10 -11 g/cm 2 s. 1.2 MP a (17 2 psi
100 1000
FUNGUS RESISTANCE Time (Hours)

KYNAR® resins do not support growth of fungi

when tested as described in Method 508 of TGA KYNAR ® 740 FIGURE 4
Military Standard 810B (June 15, 1967).
100
OZONE RESISTANCE
80
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent
characterized by a high degree of chemical
% Weight Loss

60
instability. KYNAR® PVDF offers excellent
chemical resistance to ozone exposure. 40
Please contact an Arkema Fluorochemicals
20
Representative for additional information.
0
0 200 400 600 1000
Test Temperature (°C)

www.kynar.com
7
 DESIGN PROPERTIES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

SOLUBILITY ACTIVE * SOLVENTS TA B L E V LATENT ** SOLVENTS TA B L E VI

KYNAR® PVDF resins have limited solubility.
Tables V and VI list active and latent solvents. SOLVENT BOILING FLASH SOLVENT BOILING FLASH
Generally, KYNAR® resins are not soluble in POINT POINT POINT POINT
°C °C °C °C
aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons,
chlorinated solvents, alcohols, acids, halogens, Tetrahydrofuran 65 -17 Acetone 56 -18
and basic solutions. KYNAR FLEX® PVDF
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 80 -6 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 118 23
copolymer tends to be slightly more soluble
than the KYNAR® PVDF homopolymer due to Dimethyl Formamide 153 67 Glycol Ethers*** 118 40
its lower crystallinity.
Dimethyl Acetamide 166 70 Glycol Ether Esters*** 120 30

RESISTANCE TO NUCLEAR RADIATION Tetramethyl Urea 177 65 N-Butyl Acetate 135 24

The resistance of KYNAR® fluoropolymers
Dimethyl Sulfoxide 189 35 Cyclohexanone 157 54
to nuclear radiation is excellent. The original
tensile strength of the resin is essentially Trimethyl Phosphate 195 107 Diacetone Alcohol 167 61
unchanged after exposure to 100 megarads N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone 202 95 Diisobutyl Ketone 169 49
(Mrads) of gamma radiation from a Cobalt-60
* Solvent will dissolve at least 5-10 weight percent Ethyl Acetoacetate 180 84
source at 50°C (122°F) and in high vacuum KYNAR® resin at ambient temperature.
(10 -6 torr). The impact strength and elongation Butyrolactone 204 98
are slightly reduced due to cross-linking.
Isophorone 215 96
This stability to effects of radiation, combined
with chemical resistance, has resulted in the Triethyl Phosphate 215 116
successful use of KYNAR® components in
Carbitol Acetate 217 110
nuclear reclamation plants. Tables VII and VIII
show minimal changes in tensile properties of Propylene Carbonate 242 132
KYNAR® homopolymer and KYNAR FLEX®
Glyceryl Triacetate 258 146
copolymer resins exposed to electron beam
radiation in doses up to 20 Mrads according Dimethyl Phthalate 280 149
to ASTM D882 testing. ** As a rule, latent solvents do not dissolve or substantially
swell KYNAR® homopolymer resin at room temperature.
RADIATION CROSS-LINKING *** Based on ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
and propylene glycol.
The different grades of KYNAR® homopolymer
and copolymer resins are readily cross-linked
and do not degrade when irradiated with
moderate doses of high energy electron or
gamma radiation. The efficiency of cross-linking
is influenced by the grade; that is, molecular
weight variations are important. Examples of
KYNAR® PVDF-fabricated products utilizing TENSILE MODULUS VS. RADIATION DOSE EXPOSURE (PSI) TA B L E VII
radiation technology are heat-shrinkable tubing
and insulated wire capable of withstanding RESIN GRADE 0 2 MRADS 4 MRADS 8 MRADS 20 MRADS
high temperatures.
KYNAR® 460 170 180 170 200 190

KYNAR® 720 230 220 230 220 240

KYNAR® 740 200 230 200 220 220

®
KYNAR 760 200 190 190 210 220

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 130 130 120 130 130

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH VS. RADIATION DOSE EXPOSURE (PSI) TA B L E VIII

RESIN GRADE 0 2 MRADS 4 MRADS 8 MRADS 20 MRADS

KYNAR® 460 6200 6300 6000 6900 7200

KYNAR® 720 7400 7400 7300 7300 8400

®
KYNAR 740 6900 6900 6900 7200 7900

KYNAR® 760 6300 6500 6700 7400 7800

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 4700 4700 4900 4900 5600

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8
BASIC WELDING PRINCIPLES

In order to produce a high quality weld, three WELDING METHODS The welding area should be well ventilated
parameters must be controlled: Several methods of fusion welding KYNAR® so that heat and fumes generated during the
Temperature: within a specified range in order PVDF components are possible. The most welding process are drawn away from the
to produce the proper melting of the resin. common and successful approaches to welding welder. Drafts, excessive air movement and
Pressure: excessive pressure must be avoided KYNAR® PVDF components are heat contact similar conditions that would cause the weld
to avoid forcing the melted resin out of the and hot gas welding using a welding rod. to cool rapidly must be avoided. The weld area
weld interface. Ultrasonic, hot lamination, infrared (IR), must be clean and free of particles that will be
Time: to provide uniform heating throughout resistance heating, spin and radio frequency attracted to the weld.
the weld zone as the material’s low thermal welding are all methods suitable for bonding
conductivity slows the heat transfer. KYNAR® resin to itself. BUTT WELDING OF KYNAR® PVDF
The conditions listed in Table X are
After reaching the proper melt conditions, slow HOT GAS WELDING recommended starting points for the
cooling is necessary to reduce stress and permit The welding of KYNAR® PVDF can be per- welding of KYNAR® slab. Optimal conditions
the intermolecular diffusion of the polymer. formed using conventional hot gas welding may vary slightly from these conditions.
Testing of welds for physical characteristics equipment. It is highly recommended that The welding/cooling times are the suggested
such as tensile, bend angle, etc. within 12 automatic temperature welding equipment be times for welding rolled sheets. Flat sheets
hours after completion of the weld will produce utilized. This type of equipment greatly may be removed sooner because they will
erroneous results. The weld zone should be reduces the possibility of substandard welds not tend to distort if kept flat until cool.
allowed to cool to ambient temperature prior due to temperature variations during the weld-
to the next weld pass. If the weld zone is not ing process. A suitable weld can be defined as
allowed to cool, excessive stress will result, one capable of meeting the Deutscher Verbena
which may cause distortion of the weldment. Fur Schweissen Und Verwandte Verfahren E.V.
(DVS) requirements for welder certification.
In order to produce the highest quality weld, The values in Table IX are the current condi-
the surfaces to be welded must be clean. The tions accepted by the DVS as the optimal
surface should be scraped just prior to every welding perimeters.
weld pass. Wiping with a solvent only spreads
the contamination!

HOT GAS WELDING CONDITIONS AS PER DVS TA B L E IX

WELDING PROCESS WELDING TEMPERATURE VOL AIR FORCE ** 3MM FORCE ** 4MM WELDING SPEED

°C * L /MIN N LBS N LBS CM /MIN

Fan Welding WF 300 - 320 (570 - 610°F) 40 - 60 10 - 15 2.5 - 3.5 15 - 20 3.5 - 4.5 10 - 15

High Speed WZ 365 - 385 (690 - 725°F) 40 - 60 12 - 17 3-4 25 - 35 6-8 25 - 40

*Temperature measured 5 mm inside main outlet of the welding tip. **Force applied to weld zone through welding gun.

RECOMMENDED WELDING CONDITIONS FOR BUTT WELDING* TA B L E X

THICKNESS TEMPERATURE MELT PRESSURE HEATING WELDING/COOLING

MM (IN) °C N /CM 2 TIME (MIN) PRESSURE N /CM 2 TIME (MIN) PRESSURE N/CM 2

3 1:00 6:00
3.2 (1/8) 235 - 240 15 1:07 1.0 7:00 30
4 1:15 8:00

4.8 (3/16) 1:29 9:45

5 230 - 235 15 1:30 1.0 10:00 30
6 1:45 12:00
6.4 (1/4) 1:50 12:45

7.9 (5/16) 2:00 15:45

8 225 - 230 15 2:00 1.0 16:00 30
9.5 (3/8) 2:35 18:30
10 2:45 20:00

12 3:10 24:0
12.7 (1/2) 3:15 24:40
15 220 - 225 15 3:52 1.0 30:00 30
15.9 (5/8) 4:08 31:00
19.1 (3/4) 4:53 38:00
20 5:07 40:00

22.5 (7/8) 215 - 220 15 5:38 1.0 44:00 30

25.4 (1) 6:18 50:00

* For processing KYNAR® 740 on a Wegener machine.

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9
 PROCESSING EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

EXTRUSION on the dimensions of the finished pipe. The Melt temperatures will vary based on the part
Smooth KYNAR® PVDF products of all types optimum land length will vary based on pipe geometry, tooling and resin grade. In general,
can be extruded at high rates without extrusion size, process conditions and material grade. lower melt and mold temperatures can be
aids, lubricants or heat stabilizers. KYNAR® Extrusion temperatures range between used effectively with low viscosity KYNAR®
resins can be processed on standard equipment 200°- 240°C (392°- 464°F), but vary depending copolymer grades.
with materials of construction similar to those on material grade, as well as pipe and tooling
used to process PVC or polypropylene. Drying size. Lower melt temperatures provide a KYNAR® resin is best processed with a large
of KYNAR® is usually not required; however, it “stronger” melt and are used when product sprue or edge gates. To produce the best
has been shown to reduce some surface whiteness is of primary concern. quality parts, fill the sprue, runners and gates
blemishes in film, sheet and pipe extrusion. slowly and then ramp up the injection speed
Pipe is typically sized using a vacuum until the screw reaches its transfer position.
Polyethylene (PE) can be used as a purge calibration system equipped with either a Small pin or subgates can be used for smaller
compound at the end of a production run. solid brass or a brass disk caliper, which is parts and will require faster injection speeds
However, if the extrusion equipment is not oversized to accommodate material shrinkage. and higher melt temperatures to fill the part.
properly cleaned after purging, PE will act as See Table XII for common pipe processing If a process calls for use of a hot runner system,
a contaminant in subsequent runs, creating temperatures. please contact a technical representative
weak weld lines. Cast acrylic resin can also before committing to this practice.
be used as a purge compound, and unfilled TUBE EXTRUSION
KYNAR® grades can be used to purge The technical information mentioned for pipe KYNAR® PVDF resin requires generous venting
flame-retardant KYNAR® grades. extrusion (equipment, processing temperatures, at the end of the filling process or a burning
etc.) also applies to tube extrusion. phenomenon known as dieseling can occur.
PIPE EXTRUSION
KYNAR® 740 resin and KYNAR® 1000 resin KYNAR® homopolymers can typically be KYNAR® PVDF resin is a highly crystalline
are the primary grades used in chemical pipe calibrated using standard contact sizing material and will exhibit significant shrinkage.
applications. KYNAR® 740-02 contains a smoke equipment similar to that used to produce Shrinkage rate is a function of part thickness,
suppressant package and is primarily used for pipe. The OD DDR used for contact sizing of flow direction (which is a function of gate type
waste drainage pipe and fittings. KYNAR tubing can range from 1.2 - 1.5. and location) and processing conditions. (See
FLEX® 2850 copolymer can be used for Table XI.)
applications requiring higher impact and All other KYNAR FLEX® PVDF resin grades, as
stress crack resistance. well as thin-walled tubing, are best processed Voiding is a common problem when molding
using non contact sizing calibrators. See Table KYNAR® resin due to the polymer’s high
Standard metering screws with an L/D ratio XIII for common tube processing temperatures. crystallinity. Good part design practices are
of 24/1 and a compression ratio of 3/1 are Please contact our technical group for more required to prevent voiding in thick sections
commonly used. The screw should have an even information on this process. of the part. See Table XIV for common injec-
flight distribution between the feed, transition tion molding temperatures.
and metering zones. Better temperature and INJECTION MOLDING
output stability can be achieved by using a Standard injection molding equipment and Arkema technical service is available to discuss
barrier-type screw. Maddox and spiral mixers tooling can be used to process KYNAR® resin. tooling and processing of KYNAR ® PVDF.
are also acceptable, but pin type mixers are No specialty materials of construction are
not recommended. Good temperature control required, but chrome or nickel plating of
of the extruder and tooling is required for polymer contact surfaces is recommended
optimal processing. to prevent pitting.

It is important to eliminate areas of melt

accumulation, or hang-up points, to prevent
KYNAR® resin from discoloring. Common areas
of melt accumulation include behind the breaker
plate, at undercuts and in any other stagnant
MOLD SHRINKAGE DATA TA B L E XI
areas. Screen packs are not typically used.
GRADE % SHRINKAGE *

In-line spider dies are commonly used for IN FLOW DIRECTION CROSS FLOW DIRECTION
producing KYNAR® pipe. The design should KYNAR® 370 1.2 - 3.5 0.8 - 3.0
minimize material inventory in the head and
be streamlined to eliminate material hang-up. ®
KYNAR 710 1.9 - 3.5 1.6 - 3.0
Spiral dies should be designed similarly and KYNAR® 720 2.0 - 3.5 1.6 - 3.0
can provide better weld line strength.
KYNAR® 740 2.8 - 3.5 1.9 - 3.0

The draw down ratio (DDR) for tip and die ®

KYNAR FLEX 2850-04 1.9 - 3.5 1.6 - 3.0
selection generally ranges from 1.3 - 2.1 (area
KYNAR FLEX® 2800-00 2.5 - 3.5 1.6 - 3.0
DDR), or 1.05 - 1.5 (OD DDR), but varies based
*Measurements taken after 24 hours at ambient conditions.
Actual shinkage percent is related to size of the part and its geometry.

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10
PIPE EXTRUSION TA B L E XII
GRADE BARREL TEMPERATURE °C

REAR MIDDLE FRONT HEAD DIE

KYNAR® 460 200 - 230 220 - 240 230 - 250 230 - 250 230 - 260

KYNAR® 740 190 - 220 200 - 230 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

®
KYNAR 1000 190 - 220 200 - 230 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 190 - 220 200 - 230 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

TUBE EXTRUSION TA B L E XIII

GRADE BARREL TEMPERATURE °C

REAR MIDDLE FRONT HEAD DIE

KYNAR® Homopolymer 195 - 220 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

®
KYNAR FLEX 3120 195 - 220 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

®
KYNAR FLEX 2850 195 - 220 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

KYNAR FLEX® 2800 195 - 220 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 240 210 - 250

®
KYNAR FLEX 2750 195 - 220 220 - 240 220 - 250 220 - 250 220 - 250

KYNAR SUPERFLEX® 2500 195 - 220 220 - 240 230 - 250 230 - 250 230 - 250

INJECTION MOLDING TA B L E XIV

GRADE BARREL TEMPERATURE °C

REAR MIDDLE FRONT NOZZLE MOLD

KYNAR® 460 200 - 230 210 - 240 220 - 250 230 - 255 50 - 90

®
KYNAR 710 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

®
KYNAR 720 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

KYNAR® 740 200 - 220 210 - 230 210 - 245 210 - 245 50 - 90

®
KYNAR 1000 200 - 220 210 - 230 210 - 245 210 - 245 50 - 90

KYNAR® 6000 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

®
KYNAR 9000 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

®
KYNAR 370 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

KYNAR SUPERFLEX® 2500 170 - 220 170 - 230 170 - 245 170 - 245 50 - 90

KYNAR FLEX® 2750-01 200 - 220 210 - 230 210 - 245 210 - 245 50 - 90

KYNAR FLEX® 2800-20 200 - 220 210 - 230 210 - 245 210 - 245 50 - 90

®
KYNAR FLEX 2850-04 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

®
KYNAR FLEX 3120-10 190 - 210 200 - 220 200 - 240 200 - 240 50 - 90

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11
 BURNING STUDIES

KYNAR® PVDF resins have been tested and meet Testing in accordance with ASTM D2863
many standards that other polymers fail. Table XV indicates that KYNAR® homopolymer resin has
lists test standards for which KYNAR® resin has a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 43, that is, a
approval. KYNAR® 740-02 and KYNAR® 43% oxygen environment is needed for the
1000HD homopolymer, and KYNAR FLEX® polymer to continue to burn. Special KYNAR®
2850-02 copolymer, were the first thermoplas- PVDF products are available with an LOI of
tics to meet the ASTM E84 flame spread and nearly 100%. UL gives KYNAR® homopolymer
smoke development requirement for materials resins a vertical burn rating of V-O per UL 94.
installed in plenums. These resins meet the Also, sheets of metal coated with KYNAR 500®
criteria by having a flame spread/smoke resin exhibit zero flame spread and zero smoke
developed index of less than 25/50, respectively. developed when tested in accordance with the
Foamed KYNAR® parts with a density of 0.03 ASTM E84 tunnel test.
g/cc meet ASTM E84 with a 10/30 rating.
KYNAR® homopolymer resins and KYNAR
KYNAR® 740 PVDF homopolymer piping, tested FLEX® 2850-00, 2750-01, 3120-10 resins meet
in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Factory Mutual 4910 (FM 4910) test criteria.
Canada (ULC) S102.2M88, meets the flame These recent flame and smoke standards were
and smoke criteria with a zero flame spread established for semi-conductor clean room
and 45 smoke generation. KYNAR® 740-02 environments where fires can cause high
resin meets the Underwriters Laboratories value losses, making it essential that fire be
(UL) 1887 Steiner Tunnel Test with a zero contained within the ignition zone.
flame propagation, 0.02 peak average optical
density, and a zero average optical density KYNAR FLEX® 2950-05 and KYNAR SUPERFLEX®
(0, 0.02, 0). 2500-20 were tested and passed Federal
Aviation Regulations (FAR) 25.853 testing
KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® resins meet or standards designed for Federal Aviation
exceed the requirements for NFPA 262 (UL 910 Administration (FAA) smoke density and toxicity
Modified Steiner Tunnel Test for Wire and performance. Please feel free to contact a
Cable). KYNAR® grades that pass the more sales representative for further information
stringent NFPA 255 (Steiner Tunnel Test for related to specific requirements.
Limited Combustible Applications) are also
available. Select KYNAR FLEX® resins also
comply with UL 2024, a test designed for
fiber-optic conduit used in plenums.

CERTAIN GRADES OF KYNAR® PVDF MEET THE FOLLOWING TEST STANDARDS TA B L E XV

TEST METHOD PROPERTIES

ASTM E 84 (NFPA 255, UL 723) Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ULC S102.2 Canadian Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

NFPA 262 (UL 910) Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cable for Use in Air-Handling Spaces

UL 2024 Optical Fiber Raceway

FM 4910 Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol

UL 2360 Combustibility Characteristics of Plastics Used in Semi-Conductor Tool Construction

FAR 25.853 Federal Aviation Administration Smoke Density and Toxicity Performance

ASTM E 662 Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM E 162 Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source

BS 476:7 Class 1Y British Standard: Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures

UL Bulletin 94 (V-O) Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances

UL 1887 Fire Test of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Visible Flame and Smoke Characteristcs

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12
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF KYNAR® Factors such as permeability and adhesion The chemical resistance of KYNAR® fluoropoly-
PVDF FLUOROPOLYMERS affect the chemical resistance of KYNAR® mer is indicated in Figure 5. In this chart, the
KYNAR® PVDF resins are chemically resistant PVDF coatings. Consequently, coatings may behavior of KYNAR® homopolymer resin at
to a wide range of chemicals. Most acids not exhibit exactly the same properties as 93°C (200°F) in contact with nine general
and acid mixtures, weak bases, halogens, melt-processed KYNAR® resin. Maximum use chemical species is compared with that of
halogenated solvents, hydrocarbons, alcohols, temperature for dispersion-applied or powder other well-known plastics. The rating system
salts and oxidants pose little problem for coatings should not exceed 100°C (212°F). ranges from unacceptable severe attack in the
KYNAR® PVDF. At ambient temperatures However, assuming chemical resistance is still outer segment of the circle to excellent (inert)
KYNAR® PVDF homopolymers are generally adequate, laminated systems can be used in the bull’s-eye.
resistant to chemicals with a pH up to 12 from 120°- 135°C (248°- 275°F ).
and KYNAR FLEX® copolymers are generally An alphabetic listing of chemicals and their
resistant to chemicals with a pH up to 13.5. Operating parameters are dependent on the maximum usage temperature with KYNAR®
particular application of KYNAR® resin and dif- resins is available upon request from the
Many factors can affect a material’s chemical fer from those experienced in either laboratory Fluoropolymers Business Unit. An additional
resistance. These include, but are not limited testing or apparently similar field service. Because chemical resistance guide for short term drain
to, exposure time, chemical concentration, corrosive fluids or vapors are often mixtures pipe applications is also available. Chemical
extreme temperature and pressure, frequency of various individual chemicals, it is strongly applications can be complex and the information
of temperature and pressure cycling, attrition recommended that trial installations be evaluated provided here should be considered a general
due to abrasive particles, and the type of under actual service conditions. For example, guideline. For more information, contact a
mechanical stress imposed. The fact that certain immersion testing of KYNAR® resins in individ- Technical Service Representative.
combinations of chemical exposure and ual chemicals at a specific operating tempera-
mechanical load can induce stress cracking in ture, will not necessarily predict the perform- KYNAR® resin ratings are based on long-term
many otherwise chemically resistant materials, ance of KYNAR® PVDF-fabricated components immersions assuming worst-case scenarios.
both metallic and nonmetallic, is of particular when they are exposed to an exothermic reac-
significance. In general, the broad molecular tion between the individual chemicals.
weight distribution of KYNAR® resins results
in greater resistance to stress cracking.

Chemical Resistance of KYNAR ® Homopolymer Resin vs. Other Well-Known Plastics at 93°C (200°F) FIGURE 5

TS STR
SAL 1 ONG
S& 5 ACI
B ASE 4 2
3
DS 1 KYNAR® Polyvinylidene fluoride – Type I
AK 3
WE 2
4
5 2 Polypropylene
1
UNACCEPTABLE 3 Polyvinylidene chloride
4 Polyvinyl chloride* – Type I
1

5 Polyester (glass fiber reinforced)

HA 3

POOR
2
LO

*Above recommended operating temperature of plastic

GE 4
NS
TS

FAIR
5
VEN

5
4
SOL

Typical Chemicals* Handled by KYNAR® PVDF

3
TIC

GOOD
PHA
2

• Chlorine • Bromine (Gaseous)

ALI
1

• Methyl Chloroform • Bromine Water

1
STRONG OXIDANTS

• Hydrochloric Acid • Hydrobromic Acid

2

EXCELLENT
• Salt Water • Bromobenzene
3 4 5

INERT • Chlorobenzene • Brominated Salts

• Sodium Hypochlorite • Iodine
• Hot Sugars • Salicylic Acid
1
EST

SLIGHT • Sulfuric Acid <98% • <50% Acetic Acid

ERS
2

ATTACK
• Chlorinated Salts • Methyl Alcohol
&K
3

EN 5
TS
ETO

MILD
• Phosphoric Acid • Chromic Acid
4

SO 4

ATTACK
NES

LV
3
5

• Hydrofluoric Acid • Nitric Acid

IC

ATTACKED
OM 2
AT

SOFTENED
SWOLLEN
1
AR

SEVERE Mixtures of chemicals can create aggressive by-products.

ATTACK
1 DETERIORATED 5 *Chemical Resistance Chart Available from Arkema Inc.
CHL 2 4
ORI 3
NAT 3 4 2 ASE
S
ED B
SOL 5 1 ONG
VEN
TS STR

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13
 FUEL AND OFFSHORE APPLICATIONS

PERCENT RETENTION IN THE TENSILE

STRENGTH OF KYNAR® AFTER EXPOSURE TO
FUEL AT 40°C FOR SIX MONTHS
TA B L E XVI
FUEL KYNAR ® KYNAR KYNAR
740 FLEX ® FLEX ®
2850 2800

C 110.7 107.8 104.4

CE10a 97.8 94.6 91.0

CE85a 99.4 98.2 99.2

B20 115.5 114.2 117.9

Fuel C is a 50/50 mixture of Toluene and Iso-Octane

Fuel CE10a Contains 10% Ethanol
Fuel CE85a Contains 85% Ethanol
B20 is 20% biodiesel fuel
“a” at the end of the name denotes aggressive version of the
fuel containing peroxide and copper ions.

KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® resins are used KYNAR® and KYNAR FLEX® resins also
all along the petroleum supply chain, from oil exhibit low permeability to most fuels while
and gas exploration and production to trans- demonstrating good dimensional stability and
portation and distribution. Examples include low weight gain. KYNAR® resin retains its
flexible pipes and umbilicals for offshore physical properties in fuel service and offers
exploration, pipe for natural gas distribution, extended service life compared to other
underground pipe for gas stations, and fuel materials. Table XVI shows that KYNAR® and
lines in trucks and automobiles. KYNAR FLEX® maintain their tensile strength
after six months of exposure to a variety of
In addition to improved corrosion resistance fuels. Bondable grades of KYNAR® are also
over metals in fuel service, KYNAR® and available to create multilayer structures for
KYNAR FLEX® resins have the broadest range fuel service wherein KYNAR® resin is used as
in fuel service among the commonly used plas- a barrier layer, tied to other materials like PE,
tics. Many traditional materials are unsuited PP, TPU, TPE, rubber, and metals.
for the new fuels and fuel blends. KYNAR®
and KYNAR FLEX® resins can be used to
handle even aggressive blends like
gasoline/MTBE blends, gasoline/ethanol
blends, and diesel/biodiesel blends.

www.kynar.com
14
 ®
REGULATORY STATUS OF KYNAR POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE

KYNAR® PVDF homopolymer resins may be (USP) Classification VI. KYNAR® homopolymer Precautions must be taken to prevent excessive
safely used in articles intended for repeated resin grades have been listed with the inhalation and physical contact with hydrogen
contact with food per Title 21, Code of Federal National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) under fluoride should decomposition take place.
Regulations, Chapter 1, part 177.2510. Standard 61 for potable water applications, Unlike PVC, KYNAR® resins will stop decompos-
KYNAR FLEX® PVDF copolymer resin meets NSF-51 for food equipment, and NSF-14 for ing when the heat source is removed and the
part 177.2600. pressure-rated piping. temperature of the melt is allowed to fall to
normal processing temperature.
KYNAR® homopolymer resins are acceptable KYNAR® homopolymer and copolymer resin
for use in processing or storage areas in grades also meet FDA regulations part Additives, such as mica, asbestos, glass
contact with meat or poultry food products 177.1520 for single use in polyolefins to fibers, certain formulations of titanium dioxide,
prepared under federal inspection according 1% concentrates. and very finely divided metals, may catalyze
to the United States Department of Agriculture thermal decomposition rates during processing
(USDA). Please contact Arkema to learn which grades and should be used with caution. It is strongly
of KYNAR® homopolymers and copolymers recommended that the fabricator consult with
KYNAR® homopolymer resins comply with the meet these regulatory approvals. the local Technical Polymer sales representative
criteria in “3-A Sanitary Standards for before using any additives.
Multiple-Use Plastic Materials Used as RECOMMENDED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Product Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment, FOR MELT PROCESSING Please refer to Table XVII for a brief summary
Serial No. 2000.” KYNAR® resins are relatively nontoxic and of regulatory listings and approvals. For more
non-hazardous under typical handling conditions. details, read “Product Safety Bulletins
KYNAR® homopolymer and KYNAR FLEX® Mechanical malfunctions or human error, KYNAR® Fluoropolymer Products” and the
copolymer resins have been tested and are in however, may lead to thermal decomposition appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet
compliance with United States Pharmacopeia with evolution of hydrogen fluoride (HF). available at www.kynar.com.

SELECT KYNAR® AND KYNAR FLEX® PVDF GRADES HAVE THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTINGS AND APPROVALS TA B L E XVII
ORGANIZATION REGULATION

National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) NSF-61 Potable Water, NSF-51 Food Equipment, NSF-14 Plumbing System Components

Food & Drug Administration (FDA) 177.2510 & 177.2600 Repeated Contact with Food, 177.1520 Single-Use Adjuvant for Use in Polyolefins 1% Concentration

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Use in Process or Storage Areas to Contact with Meat or Poultry Food Products

3-A Sanitary Standards Inc. (3-A SSI) Multiple-Use Plastic Materials Used as Product Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Class VI USP Class VI

Chicago Rabbinical Council (CRC) Kosher Certified

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15
 CONTACT US
AROUND THE WORLD
www.kynar.com

Arkema Inc.
2000 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
800.KYNAR.50

Arkema
420, rue d’Estienne d’Orves
92705 Colombes Cedex
France
01.49.00.80.80

Arkema South East Asia

Arkema Pte Ltd
10 Science Park Road
#01-01A, The Alpha
Singapore Science Park II
Singapore 117684
65-6419-9018

ARKEMA (China) Investment Co. Ltd.

Shanghai Branch
6/F, Block 1
1868 Gonghexin Road
Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
Tel: +86 21 6147 6888
Fax: +86 21 6147 6777

For more information or

to view additional literature,
visit www.kynar.com.

www.kynar.com

16
Lined Glove Box High Purity Pipe

Film Tower Packing Flexible Tubing

Nozzle Molded Fitting Plastic-Lined Steel

Rotomolded Container Flame Retardant Pipe KYNAR ® PVDF Foam

The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the
conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Arkema expressly disclaims
any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS
MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to
the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process.
The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under
any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be
sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement.
The chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of these chemicals may not have been fully investigated. You must use due caution in
handling of any such material and follow appropriate, good industrial hygiene and safety precautions to prevent human exposure. Carefully
read and understand the information on the Material Safety Data Sheet ( MSDS ) before beginning work with the
materials described in this brochure.
KYNAR®, KYNAR 500®, KYNAR® ADX, KYNAR® FILM, KYNAR FLEX®, and KYNAR SUPERFLEX® are registered trademarks of Arkema Inc.
© 2009 Arkema Inc. All rights reserved.
ADV # 05-121, BC - 10/09

Arkema Inc.
2000 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
www.arkema-inc.com www.kynar.com