Implementation of Gender-Neutral Restrooms

on Pangasinan State University San Carlos City Campus

as a Higher Education Institution

A thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
The Pangasinan State University
San Carlos Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
Of The Requirements for the
Degree Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Human Resource Development Management

Marivic P. Rosario
Mark Leo F. Castro
Angeline F. Medina
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
No.
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
ABSTRACT v
CHAPTER vi
1 THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Limitation 4
Definition of Terms 5
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Literature 7
Studies 10
Similarities of the Study 14
Theoretical Framework 14
Conceptual Framework 15
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 16
Sources of Data 16
Subject of the Study 16
Data Gathering Instruments 17
Data Gathering Procedures 17
Statistical Treatment of Data 18
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Profile of the Respondents 20

2
 Level of Satisfaction 22
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 30
Salient Findings 31
Conclusions 31
Recommendations 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
A Letter for the School Head
B Questionnaires

3
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of Study

Gender-neutral restroom is a facility wherein any gender may access in

terms of urinating or defecating. Each day, all of us are using restrooms not

just in our house but also in other public or private establishments like

schools, workplaces and others. As we reach adulthood, a lot of us have

become aware with the rules and regulations while accessing public

restrooms that we follow automatically. We are not able to know or speak

more about restrooms and on what’s behind those doors. This is a great

discovery that bestows human elimination of waste a prohibited status

(Cavanagh 2010:4; Chess et al. 2004:220). Proof of this status have been

shown in the range of euphemisms acquirable to spare us the essentiality in

the acts of urinating and defecating and the official places in which these

doings occur (Greed 2010:119; Kira 1976)

For the past years, concerns about lesbian, gay, bisexual and

transgender (LGBT) fairness have increasingly immersed on the need to

secure LGBT people from discrimination. One of the places where LGBT

people continuously experience harassment and mistreatment is in public

restrooms like schools and others. Most of the other countries still do not

have laws that secure LGBT people from discrimination in public spaces,

4
including when it comes to being able to access the public restrooms-

something we all need to do everyday.  

The LGBT community refers to a wide coalition of groups that are

diverse with respect to gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and

socioeconomic status. The numerous populations represented by LGBT are

distinct groups, each with its own special health-related concerns and needs

and one of those is the freedom to access restrooms. When lesbian, gay,

bisexual, and transgender individuals are increasingly open, known, and

visible part of society, clinicians and researchers are faced with incomplete

information about the health status of this community.

In the modern era, sexual and gender identity and expression have

been central to Americans’ understandings of themselves, even as they have

been shaped by broader structures and attitudes toward race, ethnicity, class,

gender, ability, and nation. Exploring the spaces and places that LGBT people

might have used or passed through requires excavation—asking new

questions of conventional sources of information. When LGBT individuals

were known and became part of the society, researchers are lacking up

information about their health status. Although a modest body of knowledge

on LGBT health has been developed, there is still much remains to be

explored.

Every gender should be able to enter restrooms that are safe and

accessible. We should support the rights of transgender and gender-non-

conforming individuals to use restrooms that corresponds their gender

identities. We should also believe that it is necessary to provide the option of

5
LGBT restrooms, as they can serve not just the needs of LGBT individuals but

also parents with children, individuals who’s in need of assistance in accessing

the restroom, and anyone who needs extra privacy. 

LGBT people are not the only group beneficial from the installation of

LGBT restrooms. Parents with differently gendered young children,

disabled people in need of attendants who may be differently gendered than

them are all stand to benefit, as do traditional students from a diversity

aspect. Discrimination against people is now on the world stage. LGBT

individuals are 10 times more often to experience unnecessary treatment

based on sexual orientation while accessing restrooms. Furthermore, for

many LGBT people, unfairness is everywhere and lasts a lifetime: at home,

school, work and in the community.  

For the members of LGBT Community, walking through the public

restrooms can be stressful for them. Everyone should have the right

to access public utilities without the fear of discrimination. They don’t deserve

to be treated differently just because of their appearance or for who they are.

They are still human being like others that needs respect and acceptance.  

 The idea that a regular public restroom for many can be a source of

constant stress and even a place of danger is almost unheard of. But for

some, it is a common knowledge. Discrimination on the basis of gender

presentation has been an ongoing problem in public restrooms across the

nation. Despite existing protections on the basis of gender identity,

transgender and gender non-conforming people often experience harassment,

intimidation, refusal of access, and in some cases, violence when trying to use

6
public restrooms and other gender-specific facilities consistent with their

gender identities. These experiences sometimes lead to significant health

problems from having to avoid using public restrooms.

On 2016, the struggle over LGBT rights has blown up into the

mainstream with the concern of restroom usage taking the forefront.

Mississippi and North Carolina trigger off anger in the LGBT group and among

its advocators by passing legislation restricting access. On that

year, Massachusetts became the first state to go on the opposite direction. 

On the same year, a federal judge in Texas discharged a nationwide

injunction barring federal government agencies from interfering against

school districts that opposites the Obama administration’s guidance on LGBT

restroom rules in schools.  

On 2011, a state law in California allows the choice of LGBT people in

accessing restrooms. A proposal that will make a neutral restroom (AB 1732)

has passed at their state assembly on that year. On the other countries, they

also have passed legislation or rules that prohibits discrimination in public

accommodations on the basis of gender identity. On the other hand, four

states have laws that either restrict bathroom access or restrict local

jurisdictions from writing laws that would allow the neutral-restrooms

(Michael Pearson).  

According to Manny Pacquiao, schools should be a safe place for every

student but in the Philippines, LGBT students find their schooling unsafe for

them due to bullying, discrimination and an inaccessible LGBT-related

information and often some physical or sexual assault. Those experiences

7
may cause emotional and mental depression to them and curtail their right to

be educated and protected under Philippine and International law. 

For the past years, lawmakers and school administrators in the

Philippines have acknowledged that bullying of LGBT individual especially on

public spaces like restrooms is a serious issue which is in need

of resolutions. The Department of Education (DepEd) in 2012 oversees

elementary and high schools, enacted a Child Protection Policy that was

designed to address bullying and discrimination in schools that includes the

basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. On the year of 2013, the

congress passed the Anti-Bullying Law that implement rules and regulations

that enumerate sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited grounds

for bullying and harassments. The absorption of these policies made a strong

implication that bullying and discrimination are unacceptable and it should not

be tolerated in educational institutions (Marquez, 2015). 

There are many studies that has been conducted on the

implementation of Gender-Neutral restrooms on PSU-San Carlos. However,

there is no known study about its effectivity as a solution for the increasing

numbers of pushing aside gender identity, discrimination, low academic

performance and security of health and safety of an LGBT student.

This study is undertaken to assess the implementation of gender-

neutral restrooms on PSU-San Carlos and figure out provable solutions to the

problems or concerns. The researchers will proposed recommendations for

the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU-San Carlos. 

8
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the contribution PSU San Carlos students in

implementing the gender-neutral restrooms on the said campus. Specially,

the study aims to answer the following.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of following attributes:?

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Civil status;

d. Year level; and

e. Department.

2. What are the implications of the implementation of Gender-Neutral

restrooms on PSU-San Carlos in terms of the following:

a. Gender Identity;

b. Discrimination;

c. Academic Performance and;

d. Health and Safety.

Scope and Delimitation of study

The study focuses on the implementation of Gender-Neutral restrooms

on PSU-San Carlos specifically as to gender identity, discrimination, academic

performance, health and safety. It will cover all programs for the school year

2020-2021: BS in business administration major in human resource

9
development and management; BS in information and technology; BS in

hospitality and management; BS in office administration; BS in elementary

education; BS in secondary education major in filipino, social studies and

technology and livelihood education; BS in agriculture major in animal and

crop science;

Definition of Terms

In this section, we define the important words related in our studies.

Gender-neutral restrooms. Restrooms for gender nonconforming

people.

Gender identity. Refers to the extent to which each individuals finds

themselves as male, female or of both combinations.

Discrimination. The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different

categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Academic Performance. Extends to achievement outside the

classroom.

Health and Safety. Regulations and procedures intended to prevent

accidental injury in workplaces or public environments.

Lesbian. Is a person who is a biologically woman but acts dresses like

a man.

Gay. Is a person who is a biologically man but acts or dresses like a

woman.

Bisexual. Is a person who is attracted to both man and woman.

Transgender. Is someone who changes his/her biological sex into its

opposite ones.

10
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter shows the related literature and studies of this research.

It is consisting of some concerns and topics relevant to the study in order to

help the researchers identify, analyze and recognize the background definition

and studies conveyed that explains about the topics of the study. 

Foreign Literature

From the time we are born, the assignment or notation of our sexes

shapes us the way which we perceive our self and the world that surround us.

The perception of ourselves and the way we think on who we would like to

become determines our needs.

According to Sarah Gardner (2016), choice theory or gender roles and

identity explains that every human being were born with the ability to choose

most all of our behavior. The chosen behavior seeks to satisfy one or more of

the needs outlined in Choice Theory: these are survival or self-preservation,

love and belonging, power or achievement, freedom or independence, and

fun or enjoyment. Therefore, it is our biological structural differences that

drives our needs and behaviors. 

The structural differences in our brains are thought to account for the

gender traits that an individual exhibit.  The aggressive conduct, level of

masculinity, level of femininity, and sexual conduct are gender traits that are

11
affected. The gender identity is the extent to which each individuals finds

themselves as male, female or of both combinations. The internal reference

allows individuals to organize a sense of self and behave socially according to

their own sex and gender perception. (Capetillo-Ventura et al., 2014).

Through this, we knew that our behavior is driven by the perceptions we had

in ourselves. It is generally follows norms that have been created by

our society in where we live. Our society determines what it means to be

masculine and feminine, it dictates what role an individual would play based

to his/her gender identity.  

According to Gates (2011), there were more than 700,000 LGBT people

that lives with them in the U.S. According to him, these people struggled with

the normal cares of life, but being with themselves as an LGBT also has its

own share of unique challenges. LGBT people suffer from criticism for living

as the person that they think themselves to be.  

The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force joined the National Center

for Transgender Equality and reported the results of a study in 2011 entitled;

Injustice at Every Turn: It aims to shed light on the types of injustice that

LGBT individuals face daily especially when it comes to accessing restrooms.

The papers and online surveys were completed by 6,450 LGBT people from all

over the U.S., Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (Grant et al.,

2011). 

The results show that even if the LGBT people are visible, they were

still misunderstood. According to the survey harassment, discrimination and

mistreatment was reported by the 90% of the respondents that happens

12
usually in public accommodations like comfort rooms. It is also reported that

the 41% of the respondents attempted to commit suicide due to the trauma

they have acquired during these incidents. In overall, the results of the study

show that leading an LGBT life is quite challenging though there were some

respondents who reported positive things that happened to them as a result

of their resilience and determination that leads their lives into meaningful

one. 

The national transgender discrimination authors (Grant et al., 2011)

conclude that the society’s unwillingness to comfort and protect LGBT people

and provide them accommodations for their opens doors for mistreatment,

disrespect, abuse, violence and denial of human dignity. 

According to Aimee Lee Ball (2015), the basic human rights of LGBT

people to access restrooms that coincide with their gender identity was not

realized until new legislation has been enacted. The charge for inclusions

leads in the cities of Seattle, Berkeley, Santa Fe, Austin, and Philadelphia.

Laws have been passed that required businesses, restaurants, schools,

and other establishments to redesign single-user restrooms into gender-

neutral restrooms to make them accessible to all genders. The city of

Philadelphia has even created an online guide called Gotta Go and Refuge

Restrooms, an application (app.), to point out the gender-neutral restrooms in

their city and helps LGBT individuals find an accessible restroom for them.

According to Ball (2015), In New York City, Broadway theaters have

been sanctioned to renovate or reassign restrooms to comply with their

13
Human Rights Law that demands the single-sex restrooms to be available to

LGBT individuals.

This new legislation has caused schools and universities

to participate on the said inclusion activities. In San Francisco, California,

many public schools have made the change to gender-neutral restrooms for

LGBT children. In University of Nevada, Las Vegas, you can find multi-color

toilets that signifies the acceptance of LGBT community. The University of

Utah and Illinois State University also participated by building a gender-

neutral restroom in their campuses.

According to Bond Schoeneck and King Attorneys 2021, Gov. Andrew

Cuomo in United States have signed the bill A. 5240A /S.6479 last December

23, 2020. Its purpose is to require school districts, BOCES, charter schools

and non-public schools to designate all single-occupancy restrooms as

gender-neutral. The said law will be effective on March 23, 2021. On the said

date, the schools mentioned above must create rules and procedures that

implements the change.

Local Literature

Every student deserves a safe school but in the contrary, LGBT

students in the Philippines always suffers from bullying and discrimination and

in worst cases, physical or sexual assault on public spaces like restrooms.

These experiences cause a deep and lasting harm and curtail LGBT student’s

right to education, protected under Philippine and international law. 

14
 The bullying of LGBT youth is a serious problem, and it has been

recognized by the lawmakers and school administrators in the Philippines. The

department of education (DepEd) enacted a Child Protection Policy in 2012. It

is designed to address bullying and discrimination in schools, including sexual

orientation and gender identity.

In 2013, Congress passed the Anti-Bullying Law that implements rules

and regulations that enumerate sexual orientation and gender identity as

prohibited grounds for bullying and harassment. With these policies, bullying

and discrimination are unacceptable and should not be tolerated in any

educational institution but due to the absence of implementation

and monitoring, many of the LGBT students still suffers harassment and

bullying in their respective schools. These happens because of the lack of

information and available resources about LGBT issues in schools. The report

on these incidents describes how important it is to expand and enforce the

protections of LGBT students in schools. 

On August 31, 2019, a certain event happens when a transgender

woman barred into a women’s restroom where in a female janitress refused

her entry. Gretchen Diez, the said transgender woman confronted the

janitress and it triggered the attention of the mall’s security guard and had

the incident reported at the police station accusing Diez of unjust vexation.

Diez was detained after suffering from a harassment. But after several hours,

the complainant drops the charges against her and apologized.  

After the incident, Diez file a complaint against the shopping mall in

violating the 2014 city ordinance that aims to protect LGBT individuals from

15
discrimination in any business establishments. Diez insisted that

discrimination should not happen in the Philippines especially for the LGBT

community. The harassment of Diez was condemned by Sen. Risa Hontiveros

and supported her in extending whatever help she would need to seek

justice. The Philippine Anti-Discrimination Alliance of Youth Leaders

(PANTAY) enforce the city anti-discrimination ordinance in Quezon City. In

order to resolve the issue of Gretchen Diez who was treated harshly by a

janitress, Sen. Risa Hontiveros, Sen. Imee Marcos and Sen. Kiko Pangilinan

filed the SOGIE BILL in the senate.  SOGIE stands for Sexual Orientation,

Gender Identity and Expression. 

The SOGIE bill (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression) is

an Anti-Discrimination Bill aims to protect the welfare and safety of every

individuals including LGBT community. The unlawful practices and

discriminatory are listed in this Bill including the right to access public services

and the right to use public establishments. An act of harassment concerning

the LGBT community is an example of discriminatory act under SOGIE. 

According to Ally McBeal (2018), Ateneo de Davao University is one of

the universities in the Philippines who put up LGBT segregated restrooms as a

sign of respect to their LGBT students. Because of the numerous numbers of

LGBT individuals in their school and reported harassment cases involving

LGBT students, President Tabora, the campus president approved the gender-

neutral restrooms in their university.

16
Foreign Studies

According to the study of Laylor (2016), LGBT youth always encounters

violence and harassment in schools. Their harassment experiences lead them

to a wide-ranging consequence in their academic achievement, psychosocial

wellbeing as well as their progress after graduation. According to the survey

in the U.S, between April and August (2013), LGBT youth perceives a

wider variety of unsafe spaces within their school, the reason why LGBT

youth have been linked to skip schools due to safety concerns.

According to Kristine L. Seelman (2016), LGBT people are at risk of

harassment and discrimination within restrooms of higher education settings.

Some people had examined the issue by using quantitative data or compared

experiences of LGBT individuals to predict denial of access to restrooms. The

National Transgender Discrimination Survey utilizes the study to research

about the issue. According to their findings, being an LGBT matters for

student’s access to restrooms. 

According to the study of Jeremy Bauer-Wolf (2018), the proper

restrooms for LGBT students is important for them to feel comfortable in their

school. LGBT student’s public battles have centered on restrooms that they

want to have an access. The gender-neutral restrooms are the

accommodation of LGBT students in their schools. Aside from that,

researchers at Clark University and the University of Massachusetts at

Amherst finds that LGBT students and future students wanted to know what

institutions offers for accommodation and policies.

17
  According to Laura Wernick of Fordham University in the U.S, to

ensure the well-being and healthy development of all students, educational

practices and policies should ensure by supporting their rights to access

restroom that affirms their gender identity and expression.  According to the

studies, ensuring safe access to restrooms and other school facilities for LGBT

students is vital when educational equality is ensured. 

The access of LGBT youth in restroom become significant in United

States when President Donald Trump issued a directive rescind protection of

LGBT students. The rights of high school students to access restroom

associated with their gender became the subject of legal deliberation by U.S

courts. Regarding this, Wernick and her team’s studies made an important

contribution.

 A multi-school climate survey conducted in 2014 at some schools in

Southeast Michigan was analyzed by the researchers. The purpose of the

study is to find the relationship between student’s gender identity and how

they feel secured and safe using restroom facilities in their schools. 

The ability of schools to give opportunities of healthy development to

students is a considerable factor. Significant disparities, race and sexual

orientation are examples. The study finds a wide range of study that

documents the existence and persistence of inequalities in the educational

system throughout the U.S. LGBT students who feels unsafe in accessing

restroom facilities finds the school as an unsecured place.

18
  Bathroom safety for LGBT’s safety has a big impact on overall

productivity of a student. The studies suggest helping students particularly

those in LGBT community to affirm their sense of self within the broader

community. Sexism and genderism are barriers to students in accessing the

social and educational opportunities. The legal and political contentions over

the rights of LGBT students, the results are important in explaining the

specific concern of safety restroom. 

According to Emma (2016), gender-neutral restrooms is the ideal

solution positioned within a welcoming school environment. The Active Gay-

Straight Alliances (GSAs) in U.S provides support to LGBT community by

advocating supportive restroom policies and physical difference such

as establishing a segregated restroom. 

Local Studies

According to the studies of Manalastas et al. (2015), while there is a

growing number of local ordinances in the Philippines that provides LGBT

individuals a legal way against discrimination, it is not still translated into the

state’s law. According to Winter, et al. (2007), it doesn’t matter how LGBT

individuals expresses their selves, how successful they were or how much

their physical appearance has change because all of them are still regarded in

law to what they were in their birth certificates. 

According to the studies of National Center for Transgender Equality

(2016), each student should feel the safety and security when using toilet and

changing facilities. LGBT students must be able to use toilet and

changing facilities that is appropriate with their gender identity. The use of

19
restroom and changing facilities often results into debates around the

inclusion of LGBT students. Some of the LGBT individuals and their relatives

may feel discomfort with a member of LGBT community using the same

gender-specific facilities. That discomfort may be the cause in an unseen

assumption of inappropriate traits on the student’s side who is a part of an

LGBT community. But in the other hand, discomfort is important to address to

foster understanding of gender identity to create culture in campuses that

respects and gives importance to all students to avoid bullying and

discrimination.

According to their studies, each of us including LGBT individuals should

be treated fairly under the law. Likewise, all nondiscrimination protections,

LGBT inclusive policies don’t ask anyone to change their religious beliefs.

They simply secure the living of LGBT community in accordance with their

gender identity. Giving LGBT’s a separate restroom is a great way to ensure

their comfort in accessing restroom. 

Several numbers of cities in other countries already protect LGBT

people’s right to access comfort rooms and there are no reported incidents of

people attacking anyone or of people disguising to be an LGBT in order

to have access to restrooms. 

According to Koji Arsua (2017), the Lyceum of the Philippines

University gives way to the request of gender-neutral restroom installation.

Giving the students the authority to use the restroom regardless of their

gender identity. In the year 2015, the CAAP or Civil Aviation Authority of the

Philippines established a gender-neutral restroom in airports across the

20
Philippines. Eric Apolonio, the CAAP spokesperson said that it is the part of

the group’s gender awareness development program with an objective of

fostering gender awareness and sympathy among the employees. 

According to Co (2017), valuing the state’s law of dignity of every

human being and assuring full appreciation for human rights as well as

securing equal protection under the 1987 Philippine

Constitution, establishing segregated restroom is a must.

According to Galang PH, an organization of feminist human rights,

using toilets is the main interest of LGBT individuals. Having a segregated

restroom is a way to accomplish their goal of gender equality and prevention

of discrimination and bullying. The restriction in using single-stalled toilet that

specified one’s birth sex builds complications of safety, fairness and comfort.

Gender-neutral restrooms form serious compromise upon the securities of

LGBT’s.

Related Studies

In the social approach and safety surroundings, it is perhaps

of predominant value to locate the increasing concerns and significance of

minority individuals in general and of the LGBT community. The approach of

two separate and opposite genders which is men and women is rooted in our

culture and reflected in our created environment. Public places all over the

U.S. werre established with segregated facilities which provide to define who

is allowed and not allowed to access a particular space. 

Gender partition is commonly form in public toilets, locker rooms and

others. These facilities are intended for accommodation, safety

21
provision, modesty and order. However, the perception of gender

that determines the design of these facilities rejects people who do not fit

into a binary scheme, particularly LGBT people. 

Traditional assumption about gender is being challenged and we must

define the inadequacies of our built surroundings to meet the needs of all

individuals regardless of gender. Restrooms are an integral and important

part of the built surroundings in our day-to-day living. All of us share the true

human need for secured restroom facilities. Since the need is for all, one

would think that it would be a preference of our society to assure that

restrooms are safe places and accessible for all people. 

Synthesis of the Study

This study was conducted for the purpose of knowing the implications

of the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms in PSU- San Carlos

specifically to LGBT students.

The related literature and studies that was collected helps for the

provision of information to support the proposed study and its relatedness

that is necessary for the better understanding of the implications of gender-

neutral

restrooms on LGBT students.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework that was developed was shown on Figure 1.

Figure 1
Viewpoint of the study
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile of the Respondents: Implications of gender-neutral

22 restrooms in terms of:

a. Age
b. Gender a. Gender Identity
 The framework that was established includes the independent and

dependent variables. The first box is the independent variables of the study

wherein it is consisting of profiles of the participants in terms of age, gender,

year level and department. The second box is the independent variables

wherein the implications of gender-neutral restrooms are gender identity,

discrimination, academic performance and health and safety.

23
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research method and techniques used in this

study, instrument of the study, and the data processing and statistical

treatment.

Research Design

The descriptive research design was use by the researchers in this

study. According to McCombes (2020), descriptive research design aims to

accurately and systematically describe the population, situation or

phenomenon. It can answer what, when, where, and how questions, the data

processing statistical data. A descriptive research design can use a wide

variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables. The main

focus of this study is to assess the extent and benefits of Higher Education

24
Institutions (HEI) students in the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms

on PSU San Carlos.

Sources of Data

This research will use the major and minor sources to acquire the

necessary data and information. The major source of data and information

will be gathered based on the questionnaire’s response of the respondents

while the minor sources will be obtaining from the internet websites, books,

journals and other references.

Subject of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the students in CHMBAC,

education and agriculture department of Pangasinan State University San

Carlos Campus. The estimated number of respondents are 150.

Table 1
Respondents of the Study

Department No. of Respondents

CHMBAC 50

EDUCATION 50

AGRICULTURE 50

25
Sources of Data

Dito mo ilagay

Data Gathering Instruments

A mainly well-structured and developed questionnaire was used by the

researchers. The questionnaire consists of four parts, 1 and 2. The first part

of the questionnaire is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

Personal level including age, gender, civil status, year level and course while

the second part of documents dealt with the extent and implications of

gender-neutral restrooms on PSU San Carlos.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers constructed a questionnaire which includes the

demographic profile of the respondents and statements that will be able to

extent and benefits of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) students in the

implementation of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU San Carlos. In the

questionnaire, Likert Scale was used to determine if the respondents are (SA),

strongly agree (A), agree (U), Undecided (D), disagree (SD), strongly

disagree. The researchers will request permission from the respondents,

research instructor, and Campus Executive Director with regards on the

following questionnaires.

Statistical Treatment Data

The statistical tool utilized in the analysis and interpretation of data of

the demographic profile of the respondents` frequency:

26
 𝑭
Formula: 𝐏 = x100%
𝑵

where: P = percentage

F = frequent distribution

N = total number of the respondents

The statistical treatment of data was used to assess the extent and

benefits of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) students in the implementation

of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU San Carlos, is the Arithmetic Weighted

Mean formula as shown below.

∑𝒇𝒙
𝑨𝑾𝑴 =
𝑵

where: AWM = Average Weighted Mean (AWM)

f = frequency of score

x = relative value/scale

N = number of respondents

The assessment on the contribution of the respondents were describe

using the 5 Likert’s Scale.

Rating Scale Mean Scale Descriptive Rating

5 4.21- 5.00 Strongly Disagree

4 3.41- 4.20 Disagree

27
 3 2.61- 3.40 Undecided

2 1.81- 2.60 Agree

1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Agree

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter shows analysis and interprets the data gathered in the

study. With the data coordinated, statistically treated and categorized, the

findings and data analysis are presented.

This chapter discusses and interprets the results of the study in

response to the given purposes.

The profile of the respondents are based upon in term of age, gender,

civil status, year level, section and course/program.

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status,

year level, section and course/program are presented in table 1 below:

28
 Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
n=150
Variables Categories Frequency Percentage (%)

Age 17-26 years old 135 90.00

27-29 years old 12 8.00
30 years old and
3 2.00
above
Male 49 32.67

Female 96 64.

Lesbian 0 0.00
Gender
Gay 1 0.67

Bisexual 3 2.00

Transgender 0 0.00

Single 147 98.00

Civil Status
Married 3 2.00

First Year 57 38.00

Second Year 45 30.00

Year Level
Third Year 17 11.33
Fourth Year 31 20.67
CHMBAC 51 34.00
Department
BSE/BEED 50 33.33
BSA 49 32.67

The table above shows that in terms of age, the majority of the

participants were 17-26 years old with a frequency of 135 and a percentage

of 90, parallel to the study of Kelly L. Duggins, 2015. This implies that 17-26

years old are most likely active in answering surveys. The lowest number of

participants were at the age of 30 years old and above with a frequency of 3

and a percentage of 2, this is consonance to the study of

29
 In terms of gender, there were 49 or 32.67% male respondents, 96 or

64% were female, 0 or 0% were lesbian, 1 or 0.67% were gay, 3 or 2% were

bisexual and 0 or 0% were transgender. This means that most of the

respondents were female and the smallest group were lesbian and

transgender.

It can be seen that in terms of civil status, there are 147 or 98% were

single, 3 or 2% were married and 0 or 0% were widowed. This shows that

majority of the respondents were single and there is no widowed among

them.

It can be seen that in terms of year level, there were 57 or 38% were

first year students, 45 or 30% were second year students, 17 or 11.33%

were third year students and 31 or 20.67% were fourth year students. As we

can see, the highest number of our respondents were at the first year level

and the smallest were at the third year.

It can be seen that there are 51 or 34% who were belong to the

CHMBAC, 50 or 33.33% who belong to the education and 49 or 32.67% who

belong to the agriculture. The highest number of respondents were belong to

the CHMBAC and the smallest one belongs to the Agriculture.

Implications of the Implementation of LGBT Restroom on PSU-San

Carlos

The table 2 below shows the Implications of gender-neutral restroom

on PSU-SC in terms of gender identity.

30
 Table 2
Gender Identity
N=150
Qualifying
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 WM DE
Statement
Gender a. Every human
Identity being was born with
Strongly
the ability to choose 84 63 1 2 0 1.47
Agree
most all of our
behavior.
b. It is how you feel
about and express 47 98 3 1 1 1.74 Agree
your gender
c. It is self-
identified, as a
result of a
combination of
52 86 8 3 1 1.77 Agree
inherent and
extrinsic or
environmental
factors
d. The LGBT
student is able to
boost their
77 64 6 2 1 1.57 Agree
confidence in
expressing their
self.
e. It encourages
individuals to be 70 73 5 1 1 1.60 Agree
themselves.
Mean 1.63 Agree
Descriptive Rating:
(1) - Strongly Agree; (2) - Agree; (3) - Undecided; (4) - Disagree; (5) - Strongly Disagree

Gender Identity

The table 2 shows that the overall implications of the implementation

of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU- San Carlos in terms of gender identity

has an overall mean value of 1.63 which means that they are agree on the

implementation of gender-neutral restrooms with the following criteria, in

which (a) every human being was born with the ability to choose most all of

31
our behavior has a mean value of 1.47 which is strongly agree; (b) it is how

you feel about and express your gender has a mean value of 1.74 which is

agree; (c) it is self-identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and

extrinsic or environmental factors has a mean value of 1.77 which is agree;

(d) the LGBT student is able to boost their confidence in expressing their self

has a mean value of 1.57 which is agree; and (e) the LGBT student is able to

boost their confidence in expressing their self has a mean value of 1.60 which

is agree.

Table 2.1
Discrimination
N=150
Qualifying
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 WM DE
Statement
Discrimination a. Harassment
is experience in
14 65 41 24 6 2.62 Undecided
using public
restrooms.
b. Intimidation
among other
12 78 37 20 3 2.49 Agree
users of
restrooms.
c. Refusal of
access in using
6 76 40 24 4 2.63 Undecided
public
restrooms.
d. Violence
when using
11 64 36 28 11 2.76 Undecided
public
restrooms.
e. Bullied
when using
10 65 34 30 11 2.78 Undecided
public
restroom.
f. Need’s 40 78 20 8 4 2.05 Agree
acceptance,
respect and
from

32
 discrimination.
Mean 2.56 Undecided

The table 2.1 shows that the overall implications of the implementation

of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU- as a higher education institution in

terms of gender identity has an overall mean value of 2.56 which means that

they are undecided on the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms with

the following criteria, in which (a) harassment is usually experience in using

public restrooms has a mean value of 2.62 which is undecided; (b)

intimidation among other users of restrooms has a mean value of 2.49 which

is agree; (c) refusal of access in using public restrooms has a mean value of

2.63 which is undecided; (d) Violence when using public restrooms has a

mean value of 2.76 which is undecided; (e) bullied when using public

restroom has a mean value of 2.78 which is undecided; and (f) need’s

acceptance, respect and away from discrimination has a mean value of 2.05

which is agree.

Table 2.2
Academic Performance
N=150
Qualifying
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 WM DE
Statement
a. They feel
Academic more
Performance comfortable and
Strongly
become more 85 58 5 2 0 1.49
Agree
active in
participating to
academics.
b. They improve 54 81 13 1 1 1.76 Agree
academically
since they are
able to express

33
 their selves with
the use of
personal facilities
like gender
neutral
restrooms.
c. Grades
improve as they
are competitive
49 84 12 4 1 1.83 Agree
enough among
their co-
students.
d. Getting a
higher grade will
lead them to lot 58 78 8 5 1 1.75 Agree
of opportunities
in the future.
e. It will help
them lessen the
number of their
absences that 62 72 12 3 1 1.73 Agree
affects their
productiveness
as a student.
Mean 1.71 Agree
Descriptive Rating:
(1) - Strongly Agree; (2) - Agree; (3) - Undecided; (4) - Disagree; (5) - Strongly Disagree

The table 2.2 shows that the overall implications of the implementation

of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU- as a higher education institution in

terms of academic performance has a mean value of 1.71 which means that

the students are agree on the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms in

terms of the following criteria, in which (a) they feel more comfortable and

become more active in participating to academics has a mean value of 1.49 or

strongly agree in descriptive rating; (b) they improve academically since they

are able to express their selves with the use of personal facilities like gender

neutral restrooms has a mean value of 1.76 or agree; (c) grades improve as

34
they are competitive enough among their co-students has a mean value of

1.83 or agree; (d) getting a higher grade will lead them to lot of opportunities

in the future has a mean value of 1.75 or agree; and (e) it will help them

lessen the number of their absences that affects their productiveness as a

student.

Table 2.3
Health and Safety
N=150
Qualifying
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 WM DE
Statement
Health a. Heath
and problems
Safety resulted due to
56 61 25 2 6 1.94 Agree
the denial of
access in
restrooms.
b. Management
is
accommodating
46 80 19 3 2 1.90 Agree
to the needs of
the LGBT
individuals.
c. They feel
59 78 8 1 4 1.75 Agree
valued.
d. Avoid serious
kidney and 58 68 19 1 4 1.83 Agree
bladder infection.
e. They will
experience an
66 69 9 1 5 1.73 Agree
understanding
environment.
f. They feel more
67 74 5 1 3 1.66 Agree
secured.

Mean 1.80 Agree

Grand Mean 1.93 Agree

35
 The table 2.3 shows that the overall implications of the implementation

of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU- as a higher education institution in

terms of health and safety has a mean value of 1.93 or agree that implies

that the students are agree on the implementation of gender-neutral

restrooms in terms of the following criteria, in which (a) health problems

resulted due to the denial of access in restrooms has a mean value of 1.94

which is agree; (b) management is accommodating to the needs of the LGBT

individuals

has a mean value of 1.93 which is agree; (c) they feel valued has a

mean value of 1.75 which is agree; (d) avoid serious kidney and bladder

infection has a mean value of 1.83 or agree; (e) they will experience an

understanding environment has a mean value of 1.73 or agree; and (f) they

feel more secured has a mean value of 1.66 which is agree.

36
 Chapter 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

This chapter provides the summary of the study, the findings, the

inferred conclusions and the recommendations formulated that are analyzed

thoroughly from the gathered data.

Summary

This study was conveyed to evaluate the implementation of gender-

neutral restrooms on PSU- SC as a higher education institution. The research

study’s main purpose is to identify whether there is or there is no implications

of the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU-SC. It is also used

to figure out if they have knowledge on the implications of the

implementation of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU-SC and how it could

change the lives of LGBT students.

This study made use of questionnaire or the descriptive survey method

of research. To produce quantitative results, the Average Weighted Mean

(AVM) and the Likert Scale was used; to identify the profile indicators of the

respondents, the need of frequency units and percentage distribution is a

must.

37
 It is necessary to figure out the profile particularly on age, sex,

department and year level and to analyze the indicators of gender-neutral

restrooms (gender identity, discrimination, academic performance and health

and safety).

Significant Findings

The following are the evidence from the gathered data.

1. In relation to the profile information of the respondents.

2. In terms of Age, the majority of the respondents were 17-21 years old

that got a frequency of 88 or 58.67%; 47 or 31.33% were 22-26 years

old; 12 or 8% were 27-29 years old; and 3 or 2% were 30 years old

and above.

3. In terms of Gender, the respondents were seized by female students

with the frequency of 96 or 64%; 49 or 32.67 were male students; 3 or

2% were bisexual students; and 1 or 0.67% was a gay student.

In terms of civil status, the majority of the respondents which is 147

or98% were single and 3 or 2% of the respondents were married.

In terms of year level, 57 or 38% were first year student; 45 or 30%

were second year; 17 or 11.33% were third year; and 31 or 20.67% were

fourth year.

In terms of Department, there were 51 or 34% from the CHMBAC

Department; 50 or 33.33 % from the Department of Education; and 49 or

38
32.67% were from the Department of Agriculture. This shows that the large

number of the respondents came from the department of CHMBAC.

2. As to the extent of the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms on PSU-

SC as a higher education institution in terms gender identity, discrimination,

academic performance and health and safety.

(a) In terms of Gender Identity, the indicators b, c, d and e accumulated the

descriptive rating “Agree” with the overall mean value of 1.63.

(b) In terms of Discrimination, the indicators a, c, d and e accumulated the

descriptive rating of “Undecided” with the overall mean value of 2.56.

(c) In terms of Academic Performance, the indicators b, c, d and e

accumulated the descriptive rating of “Agree” with the overall mean value

of 1.71.

(d) In terms of Health and Safety, all the indicators from a-f accumulated the

descriptive rating of “Agree” with the overall mean value of 1.80.

Conclusions

The conclusions were made based on the outcomes presented in the

previous paragraph:

1. As to profile of the participants, in terms of age, most of them were at the

age of 17-21 years old that has a frequency of 88 or 58.67%. In terms of

gender, it is seized by the female participants with 96 or 64%. In terms of

year level, it is dominated by the first year level with 57 or 38%. In terms of

Department, the largest number comprises from CHMBAC Department with

51 or 34%.

2. The study figured out that the participants are agree on the indicators of

gender-neutral restrooms that may result to self-identified, as a result of a

39
 combination of inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors when it

comes to gender identity. It also appeared that they are undecided when

it comes to discrimination, LGBT’s are bullied when using public restroom.

It also appeared that they are agree on grades improve as they are

competitive enough among their co-students when it comes to academic

performance. It also appeared that they are agree on health problems

resulted due to the denial of access in restrooms when it comes to health

and safety.

Recommendations

The following recommendations were made according to the findings

and proposed conclusions in this study.

1. The school administrator must consider the implementation of LGBT

restroom in PSU-San Carlos. It can help LGBT students to feel more

comfortable to use restroom that conforms their gender identity.

40
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41
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42