CFLM1
CFLM1
CFLM1
OBJECTIVES:
Explain the meaning of Nationalism and Patriotism;
identify the characteristics of nationalism and patriotism, its historical
development, and emotional basis as the human desire to belong;
Explain the importance of Philippine flag as symbol of nationhood, and
Independence; Demonstrates the different modern Filipino values and;
Appreciate the contributions of the unsung heroes of the nation.
The term “nationalism” is generally used to describes two things, first is the
attitude that the members of a nation which includes the concept of national identity such
as common origin, ethnicity and cultural ties. The other one is the actions that the
members of the nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination
these involves having full statehood with complete authority over domestic and
international affairs.
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meanings over time, and its meaning is highly dependent upon context, geography and
philosophy. Although patriotism is used in certain vernaculars as a synonym for
nationalism, nationalism is not necessarily considered an inherent part of patriotism.
The government constitutes all non- political and political personnel in service of
the country. This will range from the President to the last civil servant whereas the country
is constituted of both the servants (individuals in government) and the masters (the
ordinary citizens).
The earliest signs of Filipino Nationalism could be seen in the writings of Luis
Rodriquez Varela, a Creole educated in liberal France and highly exposed to the
romanticism of the age. Knighted under the Order of Carlos III, Varela was perhaps the
only Philippine Creole who was actually part of European nobility.
The court gazzette in Madrid announce that he was to become a Conde and from
that point on proudly called himself "Conde Filipino". He championed the rights of Filipinos
in the islands and slowly made the term applicable to anyone born in the Philippines.
However, by 1823 he was deported together with other creoles (allegedly known as Hijos
del Pais), after being associated with a Creole revolt in Manila led by the Mexican Creole
Andres Novales. Varela would then retire from politics but his nationalism was carried on
by another Creole Padre Pelaez, who campaigned for the rights of Filipino priests and
pressed for secularization of Philippine parishes.
The Latin American revolutions and decline of friar influence in Spain resulted
in the increase of the regular clergy (friars) in the Philippines. Filipino priests were being
replaced by Spanish friars and Pelaez demanded explanation as to the legality of
replacing a secular with regulars—which is in contradiction to the Exponi nobis. Pelaez
brought the case to the Vatican almost succeeded if not for an earthquake that cut his
career short and the ideology would be carried by his more militant disciple, Jose Burgos.
Burgos in turn died after the infamous Cavite Mutiny, which was pinned on Burgos as his
attempt to start a Creole Revolution and make himself president or "rey indio".
The death of Jose Burgos, and the other alleged conspirators Mariano Gomez
and Jacinto Zamora, seemingly ended the entire creole movement in 1872.
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GovernorGeneral Rafael de Izquierdo unleashed his reign of terror in order to prevent the
spread of the creole ideology which is the Filipino nationalism (Craig, 2007).
The Philippines have cradled, from the past up to the present times, some of these
greatest heroes that inspired millions of Filipino people in every generation, and through
their works and visions, revolutionized the course of Philippine history.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines and the pride of the Malayan
race, through his inspirational works and radical novels became the icon of freedom
during the Philippine Revolution (18961898). Filipinos have a great list of historical
personalities - people often found in books and other reading materials with abundant
discussions from their birth, legacies and death. However, we have more heroes than we
expected. There are many personages who, instead of being the central character of most
historic battles and events, find themselves more useful as undercover, or doing what
seems to be minor, yet equally significant tasks.
And now, Filipinos should recognize the heroism and patriotism of these “Unsung
Heroes” who have contributed to the development of Filipino nationalism and the
transformation of Philippine society.
Some of them were Macarico Sakay, born in Tondo in September 13, 1907; he
relentlessly fought against the American rule during the American colonization. He was
the one who founded the Tagalog Republic, an organization which pushed for Filipino
self-determination and independence. Jose Palma, born also in Tondo, he was a poet
aside from being a soldier. He wrote a Spanish poem titled “Filipinas” which was
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published in the La Liga Filipina. The verses of “Filipinas” later became the lyrics to the
Philippine National Anthem.
The flag is displayed with the blue field on top in times of peace, and with the red
field on top in times of war. The Philippine flag is unique in the sense that it can indicate
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a state of war when the red field is displayed on top or on the observer's left when the
flag is displayed vertically, with the white equilateral triangle at the top end.
The flag is horizontally divided into two fundamental colors, royal blue and scarlet
red, with a white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side. The blue field stands for
peace truth and justice, red field stands for bravery, and the white field stands for
equality and fraternity. At the center of the triangle is a golden yellow sun with eight
primary rays represent the first provinces that sought independence from Spain such
as Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac ,
each containing three individual rays, and at each corner of the triangle is a five-pointed
golden yellow star.
Accordingly, the stars of the Philippine flag represent the three major geographical
subdivisions of the country, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao or the so called LUZVIMINDA.
However, in an article published by the National Historical Institute in a newspaper
correcting the common misinterpretations about the Philippine flag says that the three
stars represent the Philippine three geographic regions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao
is not historically correct.
The country’s flag actually tells you the story of Philippine Revolution. In the
proclamation of the country’s independence, the three stars represent the three islands
where the revolution against Spain actually started, Luzon, Mindanao and Panay, where
in this revolutionary movement broke out. Another common historical error being taught
is about the eight rays in the flag. Students were taught that the eight rays represent the
eight provinces which first revolted against Spain in 1896.
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How to Display Our National Flag
In naval vessels the National Flag shall be flown n all naval vessels and on
merchant ships of Philippine registry, of more than 1,000 gross tons. When planted on
the ground the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be as such height as would
give the National Flag commanding position in relation to the buildings in the vicinity. The
flagpole shall not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at the Rizal
Park, Manila.
Whereas on from a flagpole or hanging. if flown from a flagpole, its blue field
should be on top, in time of peace & the red field if in time of war. If in hanging position,
the blue field shall be to the left (observer's point of view) in time of peace, and the
red field to the left in time of war. With Flags of other countries, when the National Flag
is flown with flag or flags of other countries, the flags must be of equal size and on
separate staffs of the same height. The National Flag shall be hoisted first and lowered
last.
The flags of other countries should be arranged in alphabetical order from left to
right. When honoring the dead, The National Flag may be used to cover the caskets
of the honored dead of the military, veterans of previous wars, National Artists and of
civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation, as may be determined by
the local government unit concerned.
In such cases, the National Flag shall be placed such that the white triangle shall
be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the casket. The National
Flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be
folded solemnly and handled over to the heirs of the deceased or next of kin.
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National Flag shall be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in
the open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan); May 1
(Labor Day); (National Flag Days) from May 28 to June 12 (Independence Day); last
Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); Nov. 30 (Bonifacio Day); and December 30
(Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be declared or approved by the President
and/or local chief executives. On the other hand, it is prohibited to mutilate, deface, defile,
trample on, cast contempt, or commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule
upon the National Flag or over its surface. It is prohibited to use the National Flag as
drapery, festoon and tablecloth.
Also, the National Flag cannot be used as covering for ceilings, walls, statues or
other objects. The use as a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicle were
not allowed. The use of National Flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform, under
any painting or picture, using as trademarks, or industrial, commercial or agricultural
labels or designs were also exclusion in the use of National Flag.
National Symbol
Philippine Mango is a
tropical fruit prevalently known to be yellow in color which achieves its delicious and sweet
taste through its scrupulous harvest procedures. Philippine Mango is recognized
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worldwide for its best qualities, which cannot be beaten by any kind of mangoes around
the globe.
Narra tree is a striking, large and strong shady tree. It is one of the most wanted
wood for furniture but because there are only a few trees left, cutting down a narra tree is
no longer allowed.
Philippine Eagle or also known as the monkey eating eagle stands over 3 feet
(1m) tall. It has a large, sharp, curved beak. It has feathers that seem to bristle on its
head. It is a giant forest raptor and is considered excellent hunters.
Lechon is a very popular and famous food among Filipinos. Lechon (litson in
tagalong) is roasted whole pig cooked over burning charcoals. It is a dish that is almost a
fixed part and menu centerpiece of any Filipino celebration which is usually prepared for
fiestas, family celebrations (like parties and marriages) and also a favorite dish during
Christmas.
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CHAPTER II
Objectives:
Enumerate the strength and weaknesses of the Filipino;
Explain the role of different sectors to our character.
In large family where we are encourage to get along with our siblings and other relatives,
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we learn pakikipagkapwa-tao.
In an authoritarian settings we learn respect for age and authority; at the same time, we
become passive and dependent on authority.
In the family, children are taught to value family and to give primary importance
Social Environment
The main components of the social structures and social system such as interpersonal,
religious, and community interaction.
The social environment of the Filipino is characterized by a feudal structure with great
gaps between the rich minority and the poor majority
Use of English contributes also to a lack of self-confidence on the part of the Filipino
The fact that doing well means using a foreign language, which foreigners inevitably can
handle better, leads to an inferiority complex.
Use of a foreign language may also explain the Filipino’s reflectiveness and mental
laziness.
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Thinking in our native language, but
expressing ourselves in English,
results not only in a lack of confidence,
but also in our power of expression,
imprecision, and a stunted
development of one’s intellectual
powers
History
We are the product of our colonial history, which is regarded by many as the culprit behind
our lack of nationalism and our colonial mentality
Colonialism develop a mindset in the Filipino which encourage us to think of the colonial
power as superior and more powerful.
The American influence is more ingrained in the Philippines because the Americans set
up a public school system where we learned English and the America way of life.
Another vestige of our colonial past is our basic attitude toward the government, which
we have learned to identify as foreign and part from us.
Educational System
Aside from the problems inherent in the use of foreign language in our educational
system, the educational system leads to other problems for us as a people.
Lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on foreign textbooks, particularly in the
higher schools levels, force Filipino students as well as their teachers to use school
materials that are irrelevant to the Philippine setting. This comes a mindset that things
learned in school are not related to real life
Aside from the influences of the formal curriculum, there are the influences of the “hidden
curriculum,” i.e., the values taught informally by the Philippine school system.
Schools appears to be highly authoritarian, with the teachers as the central focus.
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The Filipino student is taught to be dependent on the teacher as we attempt to record
verbatim what the teacher says and to give this back during examination in its original
form and with little processing.
Teachers reward well-behaved & obedient students.
Religion
The root of the Filipinos’ optimism and capacity
to accept life’s hardships.
Also instill in us attitudes of resignation and a
preoccupation with the afterlife and
superstitions.
Economic Environment
Local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard
life that is the lot of most Filipinos.
Our difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very hard, and develop in us the
ability to survive.
Poverty, also become an excuse for graft and corruption, particularly among the lower
rungs of the bureaucracy.
Political Environment
Philippine political environment is characterized by a centralization of power.
Political power or authority is concentrated in the hands of the elite and the participation
of most Filipinos often is limited to voting in elections.
Basic services from the government are concentrated in Manila and its outlying towns
and provinces
A great majority of Filipinos are not reached by such basic services of water, electricity,
roads, and health services.
Government structures and systems-e.g., justice and education-are often ineffective or
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inefficient
The fact that the political power is still very much concentrated in the hands of a few may
lead to passivity.
The inefficiency of government structure and system also lead to a lack of integrity and
accountability in our public servants.
Mass Media
Reinforce our colonial mentality. Advertisements using Caucasian model and
emphasizing a product’s similarity with imported brands are part of our daily lives.
Attitude of the members of a nation which includes the concepts of national identity, origin,
ethnicity, and culture ties.
The action is that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain full
statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs
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CHAPTER III
Objectives:
Rights belong to individuals, and no organization has any rights not directly
derived from those of its members as individuals; and, just as an individual's rights cannot
extend to where they will intrude on another individual's rights, similarly the rights of any
organization whatever must yield to those of a single individual, whether inside or outside
the organization. Rights are those important conditions of social life without which no
person can generally realize his best self. These are the essential conditions for health of
both the individual and his society. It is only when people get and enjoy rights that they
can develop their personalities and contributes their best services to the society.
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Types of Rights:
1. Natural Rights:
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The modern idea of natural rights grew out of the ancient and medieval doctrines of
natural law, but for other scholars, the concept of natural rights is unreal. Rights are the
products of social living. These can be used only in a society. Rights have behind them
the recognition of society as common claims for development, and that is why the state
protects these rights. John Locke (1632–1704), the most influential political philosophers
of the modern period, argued that people have rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and
property that have a foundation independent of the laws of any particular society. Locke
claimed that men are naturally free and equal as part of the justification for understanding
legitimate political government as the result of a social contract where people in the state
of nature conditionally transfer some of their rights to the government in order to better
ensure the stable, comfortable enjoyment of their lives, liberty, and property. Since
governments exist by the consent of the people in order to protect the rights of the people
and promote the public good, governments that fail to do so can be resisted and replaced
with new governments.
2. Moral Rights:
Moral Rights are based on human consciousness. They are supported by moral force of
human mind. These are based on human sense of goodness and justice. These are not
assisted by the force of law. Sense of goodness and public opinion are the sanctions
behind moral rights.
If any person disrupts any moral right, no legal action can be taken against him. The state
does not enforce these rights. Its courts do not recognize these rights. Moral Rights
include rules of good conduct, courtesy and of moral behaviour. These stand for moral
perfection of the people.
Moral rights were first acknowledged in France and Germany, before they were included
in the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1928. Canada
recognized moral rights in its Copyright Act. The United States became a signatory to the
convention in 1989, and incorporated a version of moral rights under its copyright law
under Title 17 of the U.S. Code. There are two major moral rights under the U.S. Copyright
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Act. These are the right of attribution, also called the right of paternity and the right of
integrity.
Legal Rights:
1. Civil Rights:
Civil rights are those rights which provide opportunity to each person to lead a
civilized social life. These fulfil basic needs of human life in society. Right to life,
liberty and equality are civil rights. Civil rights are protected by the state.
2. Political Rights:
Political rights are those rights by virtue of which inhabitants get a share in the
political process. These allow them to take an active part in the political process.
These rights include right to vote, right to get elected, right to hold public office
and right to criticise and oppose the government. Political rights are really
available to the people in a democratic state.
3. Economic Rights:
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Economic rights are those rights which provide economic security to the people.
These empower all citizens to make proper use of their civil and political rights.
The basic needs of every person are related to his food, clothing, shelter, and
medical treatment. Without the fulfilment of these no person can really enjoy his
civil and political rights. It is therefore essential, that every person must get the
right to work, right to adequate wages, right to leisure and rest, and right to social
security in case of illness, physical disability and old age.
There is some difference between moral or human rights and legal rights. Legal rights
require for their justification an existing system of law. Legal rights are, roughly, what the
law says they are, at least insofar as the law is enforced. Legal rights gain their force first
of all through legislation or decree by a legally authorized authority. Those who support
adoption of laws establishing legal rights often appeal to a notion of human rights. Laws
against theft might appeal to notions of a moral right to own property. But human or moral
rights must gain their validity through some other source other than legal rights, since
people can appeal to human or moral rights to criticize the law or advocate changes in
the law (or legal rights), and people could not do this if moral rights were based upon the
law.
Contractual Rights:
Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article IV, Section 1, it states that:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance of law
There are two (2) generally recognized forms of acquiring Philippine citizenship:
1. Filipino by birth
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1. Jus soli (right of soil) which is the legal principle that a person’s
nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth (e.g. the
territory of a given state)
2. Jus sanguinis (right of blood) which is the legal principle that, at
birth, an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural
parent/s. The Philippine adheres to this principle.
2. Filipino by naturalization which is the judicial act of adopting a foreigner
and clothing him with the
privileges of a native-born citizen.
It implies the renunciation of a
former nationality and the fact of
entrance into a similar relation
towards a new body politic
(2Am.Jur.561,par.188).
Reference https://immigration.gov.ph/faqs/citize
nship
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CHAPTER IV
Objectives:
Recognize and relate Filipino values, its structures, models philosophical
foundations and elements.
Hundreds of choices are made every day by every person and every organization.
The choices we make reflect our values and beliefs and are always aimed at a particular
purpose. That aimed is our person or collective (organizational) needs to be satisfied.
When we make choices using our values, we create decision to concentrate on what
matters to us. They create inner cohesion within a group when values are shared.
The Filipino values system relates to the set of values or he value system that
has historically been held by a majority of Filipinos in their life. This system of the
Philippine values involves the distinctive combination of coherent ideologies, moral
codes, ethical procedures, cultural etiquette and private values promoted by the
Philippine society. However, as with any culture, the values held sacred by any person
may vary on the grounds of religion, education, and other variables.
For the most part, Filipino values are focused on preserving social harmony, mainly
driven by a group’s willingness to be accepted. The primary sanction against diverging
from these values are “Hiya” ideas, approximately translated as “ a sense of shame” and
“Amor proper” or “self-esteem.” Social approval, group recognition, and group
membership are significant issues. Caring for what others believe, say or do is a powerful
influence on Filipinos ‘social behavior.
The Filipino philosophy is basically “non-dualistic” according to antrhropologist
Leonardo Mercado. He concludes, based on his linguistic analysis of Filipino value terms
such as “loob” that Filipinos desire harmony, not only in interpersonal relationships, but
also in nature and religion, while remaining non-dichotomous. The Filipino wants to
harmonized the object and the subject while keeping both as distinct at the same time.
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MODELS OF THE FILIPINO VALUES
The Filipino value system is known to possess significant key components based
on research, surveys, observations, anecdotes and other literatures developed by
scholars and researchers in relation to Filipino social values or core values, together with
the Filipino character or identity of a person or individual known as the Filipino.
It implies’ totality,’ referring to society, or not doing stuff alone. Ibang Tao (other
people) and Hindi Ibang Tao (not other people) are two types of Kapwa. The surface
values spin of the core value through Pakikiramdam’s Privotal aspects or mutual internal
perception (feeling for someone else).
The values of the Filipinos specifically uphold the following elements: family unit
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solidarity, security of Philippine economy, orientation towards small groups, personalism,
the concepts of “loob” or “kalooban” (meaning “what’s inside the self”), existence and
maintenance of smooth interpersonal realtionships, and the sense of the self.
In a broader image, these values are categorized into particular clusters or
“macroclusters”.
1.) Cluster of Relationships
2.) Social Cluster
3.) Cluster of Livelihoods
4.) Cluster of Inwardness
5.) Cluster of Optimism
Magpasalamat
This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to
“Pamumuhay’ (Life) and “Pananalig sa Diyos at Kapwa”
(God and People Faith). Filipinos understand how life
can be enjoyed. We have plenty of vacations,
celebrations, occasions, and meetings. Filipino are
cheerful and sociable of course. Even in depressing
circumstances, we wear smiles on our faces. That’s
because we’re always looking at life’s bright side.
We always have a positive outlook because, even in the
smallest things, we always find things to be grateful for. We would always say “Salamat
sa Diyos” (Thank God) whenever excellent things occur because Filipinos would attribute
the blessings of life to the Higher Being from what ever religion. We also recognize other
people’s excellent acts towards us and do our utmost to return the favor.
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Matatag
Filipinos, being in a nation susceptible to natural disasters, have adjusted and
learned to be powerful in moments of need and in difficult circumstances that life throws
at us. This power is derived from our love for our family and our belief in the greater being.
This is based on Filipino’s “Kaayusan” (Order) aspiration.
In reality, the popular phrase of the Philippines is “Ayos Na.” We Filipinos are
longing for “Kaayusan,” and we will endure all and be powerful in the midst of hardships
and challenges until we overcome the barriers.
Masigasig
We do everything we can to get it when Filipinos dream of something. We’re doing
it for our loved ones and relatives. This is based on the “Kasaganaan” (abundance) and
“Ginhawa” (Relief) aspiration of Filipinos. Not for himself, but for his family, a Filipino
aspires to abundance. Masaganang Bagong Taon (Bountiful New Year) is the Filipino
translation for Happy New Year because we match happiness and celebration with
abundance.
“Ginhawa” in Bisaya implies breath. And the soft breath flow is the soft life flow
we call “Ginhawa.” “Ginhawa” is the feeling of well-being in a Filipino, according to lay
theologian Dr. Jose De Mesa. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) would be an instance
of enduring being away from home to offer their families a healthy life- abundance and
relief from hardships.
Mapagmalasakit
It is because of our family love extended to friends, neighbors and others that
naturally sympathetic Filipinos. This compassion allows us to assist others without in
exchange asking for anything. This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Loob at
Damdamin” and “Kapwa”(Other People). “Loob” is the seat of the dignity of the
Philippines. Filipino’s personality is expressed in his “Kalooban.” Filipinos tune in the
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“kalooban” of each other by checking the situation of each other and talking about the life
of each other.
Filipinos use “Kapwa” to refer not only a stranger, but to a relative, a neighbor next
door, a distant relative, or a friend because of our family culture. Our characteristic of
“Mapagmalasakit” makes it simple for us to promote the spirit of Bayanihan- to and assist
one another during calamities and to celebrate together on unique occasions.
Magalang
The use of “Po”, “Opo,” and “Pagmamano” (hand kissing) are separate methods
of regard for Filipino people. We say these phrases and use this gesture to demonstrate
our respect and love to elderly. The Filipinos’ respect is not just limited to the elderly but
also to other people’s properties, emotions, and ideas. We are polite people. Our
language is also respectful because it has no sex bias.
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) CORE VALUES
Being a noble profession the police service demands from its members specialized
understanding and abilities, as well as great standard of ethics and morality.
The members of the PNP must therefore conform to and internalize the key
principles of:
Love of God
Respect for authority
Respect for Women
Respect for sanctity of marriage
Stewardship over material things
Responsible dominion
Truthfulness
The Police service in the Philippines is expressed in the acronym SERVICE. The
acronym SERVICE stands for:
SERVANT HOOD
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As police affirm its unconditional service and love for the nation and individuals,
Police value a supportive and professional role serves and protects its clientele and
community with honesty, utmost devotion and commitment above private concern.
EXCELLENCE
RESPONSIBILITY WITH
ACCOUNTABILITY
Police carry out and execute their responsibilities and tasks as their moral duty is
to serve the public with due diligence and always bearing in mind that they are
accountable and duty bound to promote the public interest.
Police always maintain their fellow human beings’ dignity whenever they cater their
needs and are delicate and cautious in serving and protecting them with compassion and
utmost regard for their human rights.
INTEGRITY
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obligation to live an honest, upright and dignified life according to the highest ethical and
moral norms where their advocacy, values and convictions are compatible with their
words and actions.
COURAGE
From their moral strength police draw their collective and individual power of
approach to always accept difficult duties, and they are courageous enough to speak out
against temptation, anomalies, corruption and exploitation and stand film.
EMPOWERMENT
Police reach out and create bridges of collaboration, nurture volunteerism and
operate in harmony with their clientele by training individuals for a better and safer society
in the process.
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CHAPTER V
RIGHTS TO SUFFRAGE
Objectives:
a) Describe the nature of elections in the Philippines;
b) identify the types of electoral systems; and
c) discuss the implications of the electoral systems on politics and
governance.
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ARTICLE V SECTION 2 of the Philippine Constitution
The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of the
ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad. The
Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates to vote
without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote
under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on Elections may
promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot.
Scope of Suffrage
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The functions of the COMELEC based on Section 2, Article IX-C of the 1987
Constitution are as follows:
Enforce and administer all laws and regulations
relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite,
initiative, referendum, and recall.
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their platform or program of government; and accredit citizens' arms
of the Commission on Elections.
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decision.
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CHAPTER VI
RA 6713
Objectives:
Define the public officials;
Enumerate the Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees.
Section 1. This Act shall be known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees."
Section 2. is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in public service.
Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall
discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence, and loyalty, act
with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal
interest.
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(c) "Gift" refers to a thing or a right to dispose of gratuitously, or any act or liberality,
in favor of another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or an
ostensibly onerous disposition thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of
nominal or insignificant value not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor
from a public official or employee.
(d) "Receiving any gift" includes the act of accepting directly or indirectly, a gift
from a person other than a member of his family or relative as defined in this Act,
even on the occasion of a family celebration or national festivity like Christmas, if
the value of the gift is neither nominal nor insignificant, or the gift is given in
anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor.
(e) "Loan" covers both simple loan and commodatum as well as guarantees,
financing arrangements or accommodations intended to ensure its approval.
(f) "Substantial stockholder" means any person who owns, directly or indirectly,
shares of stock sufficient to elect a director of a corporation. This term shall also
apply to the parties to a voting trust.
(h) "Person" includes natural and juridical persons unless the context indicates
otherwise.
(k) "Relatives" refers to any and all persons related to a public official or employee
within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, including bilas, inso and
balae.
Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees. - (A) Every public
official and employee shall observe the following as standards of personal conduct in the
discharge and execution of official duties:
(c) Justness and sincerity. - Public officials and employees shall remain
true to the people at all times. They must act with justness and sincerity and
shall not discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and the
underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others, and shall
refrain from doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public
policy, public order, public safety and public interest. They shall not
dispense or extend undue favors on account of their office to their relatives
whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to appointments of
3
such relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or as members of
their personal staff whose terms are coterminous with theirs.
(f) Nationalism and patriotism. - Public officials and employees shall at all
times be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use
of locally produced goods, resources and technology and encourage
appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall endeavor to
maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion.
4
(h) Simple living. - Public officials and employees and their families shall
lead modest lives appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not
indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in any form.
(B) The Civil Service Commission shall adopt positive measures to promote (1)
observance of these standards including the dissemination of information
programs and workshops authorizing merit increases beyond regular progression
steps, to a limited number of employees recognized by their office colleagues to
be outstanding in their observance of ethical standards; and (2) continuing
research and experimentation on measures which provide positive motivation to
public officials and employees in raising the general level of observance of these
standards.
Reference: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1989/ra_
6713_1989.html
Video Links Topics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_ discussion on conduct and ethical standards
nczCGaMc8 for public officials and employees
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K Ano ang conflict of interest at paano ito
0b9No-5BGI maiiwasan?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt The Civil Service Commission
mQy8ahN2M
5
CHAPTER VII.
THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
Objectives:
a) Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the
House of Representatives;
b) Explain the functions of Executive branch;
c)
ARTICLE VII
Executive Department
1
There shall be a Vice-President who shall have the same qualifications and
term of office and be elected with and in the same manner as the President.
He may be removed from office in the same manner as the President.
The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet. Such
appointment requires no confirmation.
The President and the Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people
for a term of six years which shall begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following
the day of the election and shall end at noon of the same date six years thereafter. The
President shall not be eligible for any reelection. No person who has succeeded as
President and has served as such for more than four years shall be qualified for election
to the same office at any time.
No Vice-President shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. Voluntary
renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption
in the continuity of the service for the full term for which he was elected.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election for President and Vice-
President shall be held on the second Monday of May.
The returns of every election for President and Vice-President, duly certified by the
board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to the Congress,
directed to the President of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the
President of the Senate shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open
all certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint
public session, and the Congress, upon determination of the authenticity and due
execution thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass the votes.
The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in
case two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes, one of them shall
forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the
Congress, voting separately.
2
The Congress shall promulgate its rules for the canvassing of the certificates.
The Supreme Court, sitting en banc, shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the
election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice- President, and may
promulgate its rules for the purpose.
Before they enter on the execution of their office, the President, the Vice-President,
or the Acting President shall take the following oath or affirmation:
“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as
President (or Vice-President or Acting President) of the Philippines, preserve and defend
its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the
service of the Nation. So help me God.” (In case of affirmation, last sentence will be
omitted.)
The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case of death,
permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall serve until the
President or the Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified, and be subject to
the same restrictions of powers and disqualifications as the Acting President.
Whenever there is a vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President during the term
for which he was elected, the President shall nominate a Vice-President from among the
Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives who shall assume office upon
confirmation by a majority vote of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting
separately.
3
The Congress shall, at ten o’clock in the morning of the third day after the vacancy in the
offices of the President and Vice-President occurs, convene in accordance with its rules
without need of a call and within seven days enact a law calling for a special election to
elect a President and a Vice-President to be held not earlier than forty-five days nor later
than sixty days from the time of such call. The bill calling such special election shall be
deemed certified under paragraph 2, Section 26, Article VI of this Constitution and shall
become law upon its approval on third reading by the Congress. Appropriations for the
special election shall be charged against any current appropriations and shall be exempt
from the requirements of paragraph 4, Section 25, Article VI of this Constitution. The
convening of the Congress cannot be suspended nor the special election postponed. No
special election shall be called if the vacancy occurs within eighteen months before the
date of the next presidential election.
Whenever a majority of all the Members of the Cabinet transmit to the President
of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration
that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice-
President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting
President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President of the Senate and to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists,
he shall reassume the powers and duties of his office. Meanwhile, should a majority of all
the Members of the Cabinet transmit within five days to the President of the Senate and
to the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Congress shall decide the
issue. For that purpose, the Congress shall convene, if it is not in session, within forty-
eight hours, in accordance with its rules and without need of call.
If the Congress, within ten days after receipt of the last written declaration, or, if not in
session, within twelve days after it is required to assemble, determines by a two-thirds
vote of both Houses, voting separately, that the President is unable to discharge the
4
powers and duties of his office, the Vice-President shall act as the President; otherwise,
the President shall continue exercising the powers and duties of his office.
Two months immediately before the next presidential elections and up to the end
of his term, a President or Acting President shall not make appointments, except
temporary appointments to executive positions when continued vacancies therein will
prejudice public service or endanger public safety.
The President shall nominate and, with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments, appoint the heads of the executive departments, ambassadors, other
public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or
naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in him in this
Constitution. He shall also appoint all other officers of the Government whose
appointments are not otherwise provided for by law, and those whom he may be
authorized by law to appoint. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of other
officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of departments,
agencies, commissions, or boards.
The President shall have the power to make appointments during the recess of the
Congress, whether voluntary or compulsory, but such appointments shall be effective only
until after disapproval by the Commission on Appointments or until the next adjournment
of the Congress.
The President shall have control of all the executive departments, bureaus, and
offices. He shall ensure that the laws be faithfully executed.
The Congress, if not in session, shall, within twenty-four hours following such
proclamation or suspension, convene in accordance with its rules without any need of a
call.
The Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen,
the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of
the privilege of the writ or the extension thereof, and must promulgate its decision thereon
within thirty days from its filing.
A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplant
the functioning of the civil courts or legislative assemblies, nor authorize the conferment
of jurisdiction on military courts and agencies over civilians where civil courts are able to
function, nor automatically suspend the privilege of the writ.
The suspension of the privilege of the writ shall apply only to persons judicially charged
for rebellion or offenses inherent in or directly connected with the invasion.
During the suspension of the privilege of the writ, any person thus arrested or
detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released.
6
Article VII
Legislative Branch
has the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress (the
Senate and House of
Representatives
8
Legislative process
Bills - are laws in the making. They pass into law when they are
approved by both houses and the President of the Philippines. A bill
may be vetoed by the President, but the House of Representatives
may overturn a presidential veto by garnering a 2/3rds vote. If the
President does not act on a proposed law submitted by Congress, it
will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt.
Article VIII
Judicial Department
10
The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review
as the power to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law,
presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation
unconstitutional.
Judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and the lower courts, as established
by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution). Its duty is to settle actual
controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable (Art.
VIII Sec. 1 (2)).
The judiciary enjoys fiscal autonomy. Its appropriation may not be reduced by
the Legislature below the appropriated amount the previous year (Art. VIII, Sec. 3)
The Rules of Court of the Philippines, as amended and the rules and regulations
issued by the Supreme Court, define the rules and procedures of the judiciary.
These rules and regulations are in the form of administrative matters,
administrative orders, circulars, memorandum circulars, memorandum orders, and
OCA circulars. The Supreme Court disseminates these rules and regulations to
all courts, publishes important ones in newspapers of general circulation, prints
them in book or pamphlet form, and uploads them to the Supreme Court website
and the Supreme Court E-Library website.
On June 21, 1988, the Supreme Court promulgated the Code of Professional
Responsibility for the legal profession. The draft was prepared by the Committee
on Responsibility, Discipline and Disbarment of the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines.
11
APPOINTMENTS TO THE JUDICIARY
By virtue of Article VIII, Section 8, appointments to the judiciary
are made by the President of the Philippines based on a list
submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council which is under the
supervision of the Supreme Court. Its principal function is to
screen prospective appointees to any judicial post. It is composed
of the chief justice as ex-officio chairman, the Secretary of Justice
and representatives of Congress as ex-officio members, and a
representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired
member of the Supreme Court and a representative of the private
sector as members.
In the three phases of the revolution: 1896-1897; 1898; 1899-1901, the exigencies
of war prevented the thorough organization of the administration of justice.
Katipunan councils, then the provisional governments of Tejeros, Biak-na-Bato,
and the Revolutionary Republic proclaimed in Kawit, essentially had General
12
Emilio Aguinaldo exercising decree-making powers instituting ad hoc courts and
reviewing any appeals concerning their decisions.
In 1899, when the Malolos Constitution was ratified, it provided for a Supreme
Court of Justice. President Aguinaldo proposed the appointment of Apolinario
Mabini as Chief Justice, but the appointment and the convening of the Supreme
Court of Justice never materialized because of the Philippine-American War.
13
the court administrator, three deputy court administrators, and three assistant court
administrators.
According to the 1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Section 5, the Supreme Court
exercises the following powers:
14
courts; the admission to the practice of law, the Integrated Bar;
and legal assistance to the underprivileged. Such rules shall
provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy
disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts the same
grade, and shall not diminish, increase or modify substantive
rights. Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial
bodies shall remain effective unless disapproved by the Supreme
Court.
Appoint all officials and employees of the Judiciary in accordance
with the Civil Service Law (Sec. 5 , id.).
Court of Appeals
The Court of Appeals is the second highest tribunal in the country, which was
established on February 1, 1936 by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 3. The current
form of the Court of Appeals was constituted through Batas Pambansa Blg. 129,
as amended by Executive Order No. 33, s. 1986, Republic Act No. 7902, and
Republic Act No. 8246.
16
Inaction by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases
involving disputed assessments, refunds of internal revenue
taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in relations thereto, or
other matters arising under the National Internal Revenue Code
or other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue,
where the National Internal Revenue Code provides a specific
period of action, in which case the inaction shall be deemed a
denial;
Decisions, orders or resolutions of the Regional Trial Courts in
local tax cases originally decided or resolved by them in the
exercise of their original or appellate jurisdiction;
Decisions of the Commissioner of Customs in cases involving
liability for customs duties, fees or other money charges, seizure,
detention or release of property affected, fines, forfeitures or
other penalties in relation thereto, or other matters arising under
the Customs Law or other laws administered by the Bureau of
Customs;
Decisions of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals in the
exercise of its appellate jurisdiction over cases involving the
assessment and taxation of real property originally decided by the
provincial or city board of assessment appeals;
Decisions of the Secretary of Finance on customs cases elevated
to him automatically for review from decisions of the
Commissioner of Customs which are adverse to the Government
under Section 2315 of the Tariff and Customs Code;
Decisions of the Secretary of Trade and Industry, in the case of
non-agricultural product, commodity or article, and the Secretary
of Agriculture in the case of agricultural product, commodity or
article, involving dumping and countervailing duties under
Section 301 and 302, respectively, of the Tariff and Customs
17
Code, and safeguard measures under Republic Act No. 8800,
where either party may appeal the decision to impose or not to
impose said duties.
Jurisdiction over cases involving criminal offenses as herein
provided:
Exclusive original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses arising
from violations of the National Internal Revenue Code or Tariff
and Customs Code and other laws administered by the Bureau
of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs: Provided,
however, that offenses or felonies mentioned in this paragraph
where the principal amount of taxes and fees, exclusive of
charges and penalties, claimed is less than P1 million or where
there is no specified amount claimed shall be tried by the regular
courts and the jurisdiction of the CTA shall be appellate.
Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in criminal offenses:
Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of the
Regional Trial Courts in tax cases originally decided by them, in
their respective territorial jurisdiction.
Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or orders
of the Regional Trial Courts in the exercise of their appellate
jurisdiction over tax cases originally decided by the Metropolitan
Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts in their respective jurisdiction.
Jurisdiction over tax collection cases as herein provided:
Exclusive original jurisdiction in tax collection cases involving final
and executory assessments for taxes, fees, charges and
penalties: Provided, however, that collection cases where the
principal amount of taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and
penalties, claimed is less than P1 million shall be tried by the
proper Municipal Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court and
18
Regional Trial Court.
Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in tax collection cases:
Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of the
Regional Trial Courts in tax collection cases originally decided by
them, in their respective territorial jurisdiction.
Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or orders
of the Regional Trial Courts in the Exercise of their appellate
jurisdiction over tax collection cases originally decided by the
Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts, in their respective jurisdiction.
The CTA is composed of one presiding justice and 8 associate justices, all of which
are appointed by the President from a shortlist submitted by the Judicial and Bar
Council. The associate justices shall have precedence according to the dates (or
order, in case of similar appointment dates) of their respective appointments. The
qualifications for the justices of the Court of Appeals also apply to members of the
CTA.
The current presiding justice of the CTA is Roman del Rosario, who is set to retire
on October 6, 2025.
Sandiganbayan
To attain the highest norms of official conduct among officials and employees in
the government, the creation of a special graft court to be known as the
Sandiganbayan was provided for in Article XIII, Section 5 of the 1973 Constitution.
This court was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 1606, which
was signed into law on December 10, 1978.
19
Through Article XI (Accountability of Public Officers), Section 4 of the 1987
Constitution, the Sandiganbayan was carried over to the post-EDSA Revolution
republic. The current form of the Sandiganbayan was constituted through PD 1606,
s. 1978, as amended by Republic Act No. 7975 and Republic Act No. 8245.
20
City and provincial prosecutors and their assistants, and officials
and prosecutors in the Office of the Ombudsman and special
prosecutor;
Presidents, directors or trustees, or managers of government-
owned or -controlled corporations, state universities or
educational institutions or foundations;
Members of Congress and officials thereof classified as grade 27
and up under the Compensation and Position Classification Act
of 1989;
Members of the judiciary without prejudice to the provisions of the
constitution;
Chairmen and members of constitutional commissions, without
prejudice to the provisions of the constitution; and
All other national and local officials classified as Grade 27 and
higher under the Compensation and Position Classification Act of
1989.
Other offenses or felonies whether simple or complexed with
other crimes committed by the public officials and employees
mentioned in subsection a of this section in relation to their office.
Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with
Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, s. 1986.
The Sandiganbayan also has exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions for the
issuance of the writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus,
injunctions, and other ancillary writs and processes in aid of its appellate
jurisdiction and over petitions of similar nature, including quo warranto, arising or
21
that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed under Executive Order Nos.
1,2,14 and 14-A issued in 1986.
22
CHAPTER VIII
RA7160
Objectives:
o Identify the different levels of the local government;
o Explain the functions of the local government units
SECTION 28. Powers of Local Chief Executives over the Units of the Philippine
National Police. – The extent of operational supervision and control of local chief
executives over the police force, fire protection unit, and jail management personnel
assigned in their respective jurisdictions shall be governed by the provisions of Republic
Act Numbered Sixty-nine hundred seventy-five (R.A. No. 6975), otherwise known as “The
Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990”, and the rules and
regulations issued pursuant thereto.
Decentralization
1
authority and responsibility from the center to the periphery, from top to
lower levels, or from national to local governments.
80 PROVINCES
143 CITIES
1491 MUNICIPALITIES
42,028 BARANGAYS
Local Government – It
pertains to the activity by
which local officials, both
elected and appointed,
implement the goals and
manage the resources of
the local government unit.
2
Region A sub-national administrative unit comprising of several
provinces having more or less homogenous characteristics, such
as ethnic origin of inhabitants, dialect spoken, agricultural
produce.
City There are three classes of cities in the Philippines: the highly
urbanized, the independent component cities which are
independent of the province, and the component cities which are
part of the provinces where they are located and subject to their
administrative supervision. Sanguniang Panlungsod.
3
Municipality Is a political corporate body which is endowed with
the facilities of a municipal corporation, exercised by and through
the municipal government in conformity with law. It is a subsidiary
of the province which consists of a number of barangays within
its territorial boundaries, one of which is the seat of government
found at the town proper (poblacion). Sanguniang Bayan.
4
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
5
SOME EFFECT OF DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNANCE
Effect of Decentralization in Governance
• Improved delivery of basic services such as providing
medicines, equipments and other essential supplies in
government hospitals.
• The people will be closer to government • Improved
receptiveness of the government to the people’s needs.
Reference https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1991/ra_7160_1991.html
Topic Links
The Philippine Local https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23vknSpPF20
Government | Part 1
Panayam kay Czarina https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpkAK4GSCJ4
Medina-Guce ukol sa
1991 Local
Government Code of
the Philippines
Philippine Politics and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFKqprhvHw8
Governance - The
Local Government
Unit
6
CHAPTER IX
Objectives:
Describe the nature of political parties in the Philippines;
Discuss the implications of the existing political party system in the
Philippines on the governance of the country; and
Propose different advocacies and how to address them through the
methods unutilized by political parties.
Political parties in the Philippines are of diverse ideologies and are plentiful in
number. Most of these parties do not have actual grassroots membership among ordinary
voters but rather that of political figures and leaders.
1
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLITICAL PARTY:
1. Has an organized structure with lines of authority and power distribution.
2. Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes.
3. Seeks political power directly thru electoral method
4. Prepared to support a candidate and fight for victory in an election. (to gain
power)
2
6. Contest election- “wage war” in the general election
7. Form governments- organized along party lines government appointments in
executive
3
2. Two-Party System. There are two parties going against each other
for domination in the government. In some cases, such as in the
United States, there are only two parties. In other countries, there is
two plus one or more party system where there are two “major”
parties and several minor ones.
3. Multiparty System. As the name implies, more than two parties
compete with almost equal capabilities in affecting and winning in the
political competition.
Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the
_Philippines
Video Links Topic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H19 Political Party Functions and Structure
KlkKI1_g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMH Political Parties in the Philippines
ROXfFsco
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEm Political Parties: Crash Course Government
OUHxessE and Politics #40
4
CHAPTER X
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Objectives:
Discuss the different laws protecting our environment.
In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public
health and environment. The law ensures
proper segregation, collection, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste
through the formulation and adaptation of
best eco-waste products.
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
(industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household
activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize
pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all the
stakeholders.
The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality
guideline values for criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the
possible associated impacts to the economy
1
REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE
CONTROL ACT OF 1990
The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing,
sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures the present
unreasonable risk to human health. It likewise prohibits the entry, even in transit, of
hazardous and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for
whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate research and studies on
toxic chemicals.
The Environment Impact Assessment System was formally established in 1978 with the
enactment of Presidential Decree no. 1586 to facilitate the attainment and maintenance
of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental
protection. EIA is a planning and management tool that will help government, decision
makers, the proponents and the affected community address the negative consequences
or risks on the environment. The process assures implementation of environment-friendly
projects.
2
BFP CORE VALUES
3
BJMP CORE VALUES
Commitment
Respect for Human Rights
Efficiency/Competence
Self-Discipline
Teamwork
Reference https://www.chanrobles.com/legal9.htm
Topic Video Links
Environmental Laws (Philippines) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVhOEehUyIA
RECEPTION RITES FOR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ky5NyvAediQ
PNP,BJMP AND BFP NEWLY
ABSORBED OFFICERS|AFTER
PASSING RECRUITMENT
PROCESS
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIb3NxW6Oe8