PROBLEM SET #1

NAME: JC O. YABIS

II. Problems

1. Determine the depth of cut of a plow with 3 – 14 bottoms with a given rate of pulling
of 4.75 mph
and draft of 8psi of furrow section. Assume that the dhp required is 25hp. (ans; 5.87in)

GIVENS:
Dc = Required
NI = 3x14 bottom plows
Vi = 4.75 mi/hr --- 2.123 m/s
Ds =8psi
DHP = 25HP

Dr V
*Dr = Dc x Wc x Nb x Ds; DHP =
76.2

SOLUTION:
 25HP = Dr (2.123 m/s) / 76.2
Dr = 897 kg x (2.20lbs/1kg)
= 1974.1 lbs
 1974.1 lbs = Dc ( 3x14 ) ( 8 lb/in² )
Dc = 5.875 in.

2. Determine the rated width of each of the twelve – bottom plow operating at 10
km/hr with a field
efficiency of 87%. Assume the effective capacity is 5.714 ha/hr. (ans: 54.73 cm)

GIVENS:
W = Required
NI = 12 Plows
Vi = 10km/hr
Ef = 87%
Ce = 5.174 ha/hr

*Ct = 0.1 Vi Wi; Ef = Ce/Ct x 100

SOLUTION:
 Ef = Ce/Ct x 100
0.87 = 5.174ha/hr / Ct
Ct = 6.568 ha/hr
  Ct = 0.1 Vi Wi
6.568 ha/hr = 0.1 ( 10km/hr ) (Wi)
= 6.568 m x 100cm/1m
= 656.8 cm / 12 plows
Wi = 54.73 cm

3. Determine the effective capacity for a twelve – bottom plow with a rated width of 74
cm each operating at 7.25 km/hr if field efficiency is 87%. (ans: 5.6 ha/hr)
GIVENS:
NI = 12 Plows
Wi = 74 cm
Ef = 87%
Vi = 7.25 km/hr
Ce = Required

*Ce = Ct x Ef; Ct = 0.1 Vi Wi

SOLUTION:
 Ct = 0.1 ( 7.25 km/hr ) ( 0.74m )
= 0.5365 ha/hr
 Ce = (0.5365 ha/hr)(0.87)
= 0.467ha/hr (12 plows)
Ce = 5.604 ha/hr

4. Determine the time in hours to plow a 3-ha field using a I5-cm animal-drawn plow at
a speed of 4kph and efficiency of75%. (ans: 66 hours)

GIVENS:
A = 3ha
Wi= 15cm
Vi = 4kph
EF = 75%
To = Required

*To=A/Ce x NI; Ce=Ct x EF; Ct=0.1WiVi

SOLUTION:
 Ct = 0.1(4km/hr)(0.15m)
= 0.06 ha/hr
 Ce=( 0.06 ha/hr)(0.75)
= 0.045 ha/hr
 To=3ha / (0.045)(1)
To= 66.7 hrs
5. Determine the no. of days (8hrs/day) to plow a 10-ha field using a 3-bottom
moldboard plow drawn by 4-wheel tractor at a speed of 5 kph and field efficiency
of76%. Width of cut of one bottom is 33cm. (ans: 3.3 days)
GIVENS:
A=10ha
NI=3 bottom plows
Vi=5kph
EF= 76%
Wi=33cm
To= Required

* To=A/Ce x NI; Ce=Ct x EF; Ct=0.1WiVi

SOLUTION:

 Ct=0.1(0.33)(5kph)
= 0.165 ha/hr
 Ce=0.165ha/hr(0.76)
= 0.1254ha/hr
 To=10ha/0.1254ha/hr (3 bottom plows)
= 26.58 hrs. x 1day/8hrs. of operation
To=3.32days

6. A 4-ha field was prepared using a 1.2-m floating power tiller. It took 20 hrs to
complete the operation at a speed of2.5 kph. Determine the field efficiency. (ans: 67%)

GIVENS:
A=4ha
Wi=1.2m
Vi=2.5kph
EF= Required
To= 20hrs
NI=1 power tiller

* NI=A/ToCe; Ct=0.1WiVi; Ef=Ce/Ct x100

SOLUTION:
 Ct=0.1(1.2m)(2.5kph)
= 0.3 ha/hr
 1=4ha/20hrs(Ce)
Ce= 0.2 ha/hr
 EF = 0.2ha/hr / 0.3ha/hr
= 0.6667 x 100
EF = 66.67%
7. Determine the number of 13-cm animal drawn plows needed to complete plowing a
3-ha field in one day (8 hrs/day). Field efficiency is 78% and speed of travel is 3 kph.
(13 plows)
GIVENS:
A=3ha
Wi=13cm
Vi=3kph
EF= 78%
To= 8hrs/day
NI=Required

* NI=A/ToCe; Ct=0.1WiVi; Ce=Ct x EF

SOLUTION:
 Ct=0.1(0.13m)(3kph)
= 0.039 ha/hr
 Ce= 0.039 ha/hr(0.78)
= 0.03042 ha/hr
 NI=3ha / 8hrs per day(0.03042 ha/hr)
NI = 12.5 or 13 plows

8. Determine the no. of tractors required to complete plowing a 10-ha corn field in one
day (8 hrs/day) using a three-bottom moldboard plow at 5 kph. Width of one bottom is
33 em. Field efficiency is 75%. (ans: 4 tractors)

GIVENS:
A=10ha
Wi=33cm
EF= 75%
To= 8hrs/day
NI=3 bottom plows
S=5kph
No. of Tractors = Required

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 Ca=10ha/8hrs
= 1.25 ha/hr
 0.75= 1.25ha/hr / Ct
Ct= 1.667 ha/hr
 1.667 ha/hr=(5km/hr)(No. of Tractors)(3x0.33m) / 10
No. of Tractors = 3.368 or 4 tractors
9. Determine the time (hrs) to plow a 7-ha field using a 13-cm animal-drawn plow at a
speed of 3.5kph and efficiency of 78 percent. (ans: 200 hrs)

GIVENS:
A=7ha
Wi=13cm
EF= 78%
To= Required
NI=3 bottom plows
S=3.5kph

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 Ct=3.5km/hr(0.13m) / 10
= 0.0455 ha/hr
 0.78=Ca/0.0455ha/hr
Ca= 0.03549ha/hr
 0.03549ha/hr=7ha / To
To=197.24 hrs

10. Calculate the drawbar hp required to pull a plow with 3X14-in bottoms at the rate of
3.25 mph if the specific draft is 8 psi and depth of cut is 7 inches. (20 Hp)
GIVENS:
DHP=Required
Wi=13cm
EF= 78%
To= Required
NI=3x14 bottom plows
Vi=3.5kph -----1.453m/s
Ss=8psi -------- 143 kg/m²
Dc=7in.

*DHP=F V / 76.2; Ac=Wc Dc; F=Ac Ss

SOLUTION:
 Ac=14in(7in)
= 98in² or 2.49m²
 F=2.49m²(143 kg/m²)
= 356.07 kg
 DHP=356.07 kg(1.453m/s) / 76.2
= 6.73Hp (3)
DHP = 20.19 Hp
11. A 1.2-m wide floating tiller is used for rotary tilling/puddling a 24-m X 42-m wetland
paddy field.The average speed of travel is 3 kph and turning at the headlands takes 10
seconds. What is thefield efficiency if the field is worked along its length? (ans: 84%)
GIVENS:
A=24m x 42m
Wi=1.2m
S= 3kph
Ti= 10 sec
EF along length=Required

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 T1 = (24m/1.2m)(42m/1row)(1hr/3000m)
= 0.28 hr
 T2 = (24m/1.2m)(10 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.055hr
 Ttot = 0.28hr+0.055hr
= 0.335hr
 Ca= (24m x 42m) / 0.335 hr
= (3008.96 m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
= 0.3008ha/hr
 Ct= 3km/hr(1.2m) / 10
= 0.36ha/hr
 EF along length = 0.3008ha/hr / 0.36ha/hr
= 0.83556 x 100
EF along length = 83.56%

12. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a I-m upland power tiller at

a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn-around
time at the end of each pass. Determine the field efficiency in going the longer field
direction. (ans: 83%)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
EF along length=Required

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 Overlap = 1m - (1m x 10%)
= 0.9m
 T1 = (45m/0.9m)(90m/1row)(1hr/3000m)
= 1.5 hr
 T2 = (45m/0.9m)(9 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.125hr
 Ttot = 1.5hr+0.125hr
= 1.625hr
 Ca= (45m x 90m) / 1.625 hr
= (2492.308m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
= 0.25ha/hr
 Ct= 3km/hr(1m) / 10
= 0.3ha/hr
 EF along length = 0.25ha/hr / 0.3ha/hr
= 0.833 x 100
EF along length = 83.33%

13. A 3-ha field was plowed using a 15-cm wide animal-drawn plow at 4 kph and field
efficiency of 75%. The draft required to pull the plow is 60 kg. Find the distance
traveled to plow the field. (ans:200 km)
GIVENS:
A=3ha
Wi=15cm
S= 4kph
FE=75%
Dr= 60kg
Dt= Required

*Dt = Area to be plowed / Width of Cut

SOLUTION:
 Dt= (3ha x 10,000m²/1ha) / (15cm x 1m/100cm)
= 200,000m x (1km/1000m)
Dt = 200km

14. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at

a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn-around
time at the end of each pass. Determine the theoretical field capacity. (ans: 0.3 ha/hr)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
Ct= Required

*Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:

 Ct= 3km/hr(1m) / 10
Ct = 0.3ha/hr

15. A 3-ha field was plowed using a 15-cm wide animal-drawn plow at 4 kph and field
efficiency of 75%. The draft required to pull the plow is 60 kg. Find the horsepower
output of the animal. (ans:0.88 hp)
GIVENS:
A=3ha
Wi=15cm
S= 4kph
FE= 75%
Dr = 60kg
DBP= Required

*DBP = Dr S / 375

SOLUTION:
 DBP=(60kg x 2.20lbs/1kg)(4km/hr x 1mi/1.60km) / 375
DBP = 0.875Hp

16. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at

a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn-around
time at the end of each pass. Determine actual field capacity when tilling is done along
the longer field direction. (ans:0.25 ha/hr)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
Ca = Required

*Ca=A/To
SOLUTION:
 Overlap = 1m - (1m x 10%)
= 0.9m
 T1 = (45m/0.9m)(90m/1row)(1hr/3000m)
= 1.5 hr
 T2 = (45m/0.9m)(9 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.125hr
 Ttot = 1.5hr+0.125hr
= 1.625hr
 Ca= (45m x 90m) / 1.625 hr
= (2492.308m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
Ca = 0.25ha/hr

17. A 4-ha field was plowed using a three-bottom 12-inch tractor-mounted moldboard
plow. It took 11 hrs. to complete the operation at a tractor speed of 5 kph. Find the
theoretical field capacity.(ans: 0.46 ha/hr)
GIVENS:
A=4ha
NI=3 x 12in; (12in)(2.54cm/1in)(1m/100cm) =0.3048m
Vi= 5kph
To=11hrs
Overlap= 10%
Ct = Required

*Ct=0.1WiVi
SOLUTION:
 Ct= 0.1(0.3048m)(5kph)
= 0.1524ha/hr (3plows)
Ct = 0.46 ha/hr

18. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at

a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn around
time at the end of each pass. Determine the field efficiency in going the longer field
direction. (ans: 83%)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
EF along length=Required

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 Overlap = 1m - (1m x 10%)
= 0.9m
 T1 = (45m/0.9m)(90m/1row)(1hr/3000m)
= 1.5 hr
 T2 = (45m/0.9m)(9 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.125hr
 Ttot = 1.5hr+0.125hr
= 1.625hr
 Ca= (45m x 90m) / 1.625 hr
= (2492.308m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
= 0.25ha/hr
 Ct= 3km/hr(1m) / 10
= 0.3ha/hr
 EF along length = 0.25ha/hr / 0.3ha/hr
= 0.833 x 100
EF along length = 83.33%

19. A 4-ha field was plowed using a three-bottom 12-inch tractor-mounted moldboard
plow. It took 11 hrs. to complete the operation at a tractor speed of 5 kph. Find the
actual field capacity. (0.36ha/hr)
GIVENS:
A=4ha
NI= 3 x 12in
S= 3kph
To= 11 hrs.
S = 5kph
Ca=Required

*Ca=A/To
SOLUTION:
 Ca = 4ha/11hrs
Ca = 0.36 ha/hr

20. A 3-ha field was plowed using a 15-cm wide animal-drawn plow at 4 kph and field
efficiency of 75%. The draft required to pull the plow is 60 kg. Find the time required to
plow the field. (ans: 66.66 hours)
GIVENS:
A=3ha
Wi= 15cm
Vi= 4kph
FE =75%
F= 60kg
To=Required

*To=A/Ce x NI; Ce=Ct x EF; Ct=0.1WiVi

 Ct = 0.1(4km/hr)(0.15m)
= 0.06 ha/hr
 Ce=( 0.06 ha/hr)(0.75)
= 0.045 ha/hr
 To=3ha / (0.045)(1)
To= 66.667 hrs

21. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at

a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn-around
time at the end of each pass. Determine actual field capacity when tilling is done along
the shorter field direction. (0.23ha/hr)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
Ca @shorter Field = Required

*Ca=A/To

SOLUTION:
 Overlap = 1m - (1m x 10%)
= 0.9m
 T1 = (45m/1m)(90m/0.9row)(1hr/3000m)
= 1.5 hr
 T2 = (90m/0.9m)(9 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.25hr
 Ttot = 1.5hr+0.25hr
= 1.75hr
 Ca= (45m x 90m) / 1.75 hr
= (2314.29m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
Ca = 0.23ha/hr
22. A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at
a speed of 3kph. Assume a 10% overlap between passings and 9 seconds turn-around
time at the end of eachpass. Determine the field efficiency in going the shorter field
direction (ans: 77%)
GIVENS:
A=45m x 90m
Wi=1m
S= 3kph
Ti= 9 sec
Overlap= 10%
EF along shorter field=Required

*Ca=A/To; EF=Ca/Ct; Ct=SWeff/10

SOLUTION:
 Overlap = 1m - (1m x 10%)
= 0.9m
 T1 = (45m/1m)(90m/0.9row)(1hr/3000m)
= 1.5 hr
 T2 = (90m/0.9m)(9 sec/turn)(1hr/3600sec)
= 0.25hr
 Ttot = 1.5hr+0.25hr
= 1.75hr
 Ca= (45m x 90m) / 1.75 hr
= (2314.29m²/hr)(1ha/ 10,000m²)
= 0.23ha/hr
 Ct= 3km/hr(1m) / 10
= 0.3ha/hr
 EF along shorter field = 0.23ha/hr / 0.3ha/hr
= 0.77 x 100
EF along shorter field = 77%

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