SECTION 321313 - CONCRETE PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions
and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:
1. Roadways at Loading and Unloading Truck Parking and Entrance
2. Curbs and gutters.
3. Walkways.

B. Related Sections:
1. Division 03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for general building applications of concrete.
2. Division 32 Section "Concrete Paving Joint Sealants" for joint sealants in expansion and
contraction joints within concrete paving and in joints between concrete paving and asphalt
paving or adjacent construction.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Cementitious Materials: Portland cement alone or in combination with one or more of blended
hydraulic cement, fly ash and other pozzolans, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.

B. Shop Drawings: Indicate pavement markings, lane separations, and defined parking spaces.
Indicate, with international symbol of accessibility, spaces allocated for people with disabilities.

C. Samples for Initial Selection: For each type of product, ingredient, or admixture requiring color
selection.

D. Samples for Verification: For each type of product or exposed finish, prepared as Samples of size
indicated below:
1. Exposed Aggregate: 10-lb (4.5-kg) Sample of each mix.
2. Wheel Stops: 6 inches (150 mm) long showing cross section; with fasteners.
3. Preformed Traffic-Calming Devices: 6 inches (150 mm) long showing cross section; with
fasteners.

E. Other Action Submittals:

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 1. Design Mixtures: For each concrete paving mixture. Include alternate design mixtures when
characteristics of materials, Project conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances
warrant adjustments.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Qualification Data: For ready-mix concrete manufacturer and testing agency.

B. Material Certificates: For the following, from manufacturer:

1. Cementitious materials.
2. Steel reinforcement and reinforcement accessories.
3. Fiber reinforcement.
4. Admixtures.
5. Curing compounds.
6. Applied finish materials.
7. Bonding agent or epoxy adhesive.
8. Joint fillers.

C. Material Test Reports: For each of the following:

1. Aggregates. Include service-record data indicating absence of deleterious expansion of
concrete due to alkali-aggregate reactivity.

D. Field quality-control reports.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Ready-Mix-Concrete Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm experienced in manufacturing ready-mixed

concrete products and that complies with ASTM C 94/C 94M requirements for production facilities and
equipment.

B. Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM C 1077 and ASTM E 329 for testing
indicated.

C. Concrete Testing Service: Engage a qualified testing agency to perform material evaluation tests and
to design concrete mixtures.

D. ACI Publications: Comply with ACI 301 (ACI 301M) unless otherwise indicated.

E. Mockups: Build mockups to verify selections made under sample submittals and to demonstrate
aesthetic effects and set quality standards for materials and execution.
1. Build mockups of full-thickness sections of concrete paving to demonstrate typical joints;
surface finish, texture, and color; curing; and standard of workmanship.
2. Build mockups of concrete paving in the location and of the size indicated or, if not indicated,
build mockups where directed by Architect and not less than 2400 mm by 2400 mm.
3. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract Documents
contained in mockups unless Architect specifically approves such deviations in writing.
4. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time of
Substantial Completion.

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 F. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.
1. Review methods and procedures related to concrete paving, including but not limited to, the
following:
a. Concrete mixture design.
b. Quality control of concrete materials and concrete paving construction practices.
2. Require representatives of each entity directly concerned with concrete paving to attend,
including the following:
a. Contractor's superintendent.
b. Independent testing agency responsible for concrete design mixtures.
c. Ready-mix concrete manufacturer.
d. Concrete paving subcontractor.
e. Manufacturer's representative of stamped concrete paving system used for detectable
warnings.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Traffic Control: Maintain access for vehicular and pedestrian traffic as required for other construction
activities.

B. Pavement-Marking Paint: Proceed with pavement marking only on clean, dry surfaces and at a
minimum ambient or surface temperature of [40 deg F (4.4 deg C) for oil-based materials, and not
exceeding 95 deg F (35 deg C).

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FORMS

A. Form Materials: Plywood, metal, metal-framed plywood, or other approved panel-type materials to
provide full-depth, continuous, straight, and smooth exposed surfaces.
1. Use flexible or uniformly curved forms for curves with a radius of 100 feet (30.5 m) or less.

B. Form-Release Agent: Commercially formulated form-release agent that will not bond with, stain, or
adversely affect concrete surfaces and that will not impair subsequent treatments of concrete
surfaces.

2.2 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

A. Recycled Content: Postconsumer recycled content plus one-half of preconsumer recycled content not
less than 25 percent.

B. Plain-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 185/A 185M, fabricated from as-drawn steel wire
into flat sheets.

C. Deformed-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: ASTM A 497/A 497M, flat sheet.

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 D. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (Grade 420); deformed, SNI 07-2052 Grade BJTD
40; deformed.

E. Joint Dowel Bars: SNI 07-2052 Grade BJTP 24; plain-steel bars. Cut bars true to length and free of
burrs.

F. Tie Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M, Grade 60 (Grade 420), deformed, SNI 07-2052 Grade BJTD 40;
deformed.

G. Bar Supports: Bolsters, chairs, spacers, and other devices for spacing, supporting, and fastening
reinforcing bars, welded wire reinforcement, and dowels in place. Manufacture bar supports
according to CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" from steel wire, plastic, or precast concrete of
greater compressive strength than concrete specified, and as follows:

2.3 CONCRETE MATERIALS

A. Cementitious Material: Use the following cementitious materials, of same type, brand, and source
throughout Project:
1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, gray portland cement Type I. Supplement with the following:
a. Fly Ash: Not applicable.

B. Normal-Weight Aggregates: ASTM C 33, Class 4S, uniformly graded. Provide aggregates from a
single source.
1. Maximum Coarse-Aggregate Size: 3/4 inch (19 mm)] nominal.
2. Fine Aggregate: Free of materials with deleterious reactivity to alkali in cement.

C. Water: Potable and complying with ASTM C 94/C 94M.

D. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260.

E. Chemical Admixtures: Admixtures certified by manufacturer to be compatible with other admixtures

and to contain not more than 0.1 percent water-soluble chloride ions by mass of cementitious material.
1. High-Range, Water-Reducing Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type F.
2. High-Range, Water-Reducing and Retarding Admixture: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type G.
3. High Performance Superplastisizer: ASTM C 494/C 494M, Type F.

2.4 FIBER REINFORCEMENT:

Not Applicable

2.5 CURING MATERIALS

A. Absorptive Cover: AASHTO M 182, Class 3, burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, weighing
approximately 305 g/sq. m) dry or cotton mats.

B. Moisture-Retaining Cover: ASTM C 171, polyethylene film or white burlap-polyethylene sheet.

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 C. Water: Potable.

2.6 RELATED MATERIALS

A. Joint-Fillers: ASTM D 1751, asphalt-saturated cellulosic fiber or ASTM D 1752, cork or self-expanding
cork in preformed strips.

B. Epoxy Bonding Adhesive: ASTM C 881/C 881M, two-component epoxy resin capable of humid curing
and bonding to damp surfaces; of class suitable for application temperature, of grade complying with
requirements, and of the following types:
1. Load bearing Type, for bonding hardened or freshly mixed concrete to hardened concrete.

2.7 DETECTABLE WARNING MATERIALS: Not Applicable

2.8 PAVEMENT MARKINGS

A. Pavement-Marking Paint: Alkyd-resin type, lead and chromate free, ready mixed, complying with
AASHTO M 248, Type N]; colors complying with FS TT-P-1952.
1. Color: White, Yellow, Black..

2.9 WHEEL STOPS

A. Wheel Stops: Precast, air-entrained concrete, 20.3 MPa minimum compressive strength, 4-1/2 inches
(115 mm) high by 9 inches (225 mm) wide by 72 inches (1820 mm) long. Provide chamfered corners
and drainage slots on underside and holes for anchoring to substrate.
1. Dowels: Galvanized steel, 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter, 10-inch (254-mm) minimum length.

2.10 PREFORMED TRAFFIC-CALMING DEVICES: Not Applicable

2.11 CONCRETE MIXTURES

A. Prepare design mixtures, proportioned according to ACI 301 (ACI 301M), for each type and strength
of normal-weight concrete, and as determined by either laboratory trial mixtures or field experience.
1. Use a qualified independent testing agency for preparing and reporting proposed concrete
design mixtures for the trial batch method.
2. When automatic machine placement is used, determine design mixtures and obtain laboratory
test results that meet or exceed requirements.

B. Driveways, Roadways, Loading Dock: Proportion mixtures to provide normal-weight concrete with the
following properties:
1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 28.5 MPa based on standard cylinder specimens.
2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio at Point of Placement: 0.45
3. Slump Limit: 200 mm for concrete with verified slump of 50 to 100 mm before adding high-
range water-reducing admixture or plasticizing admixture, plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

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 C. Covered Walkways, Curbs, Gutters: Proportion mixture to provide normal-weight concrete with the
following properties:
1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 24.4 MPa based on standard cylinder specimens.
2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio at Point of Placement: 0.50
3. Slump Limit: 100 mm, plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

D. Walkways around Main Buildings: Proportion mixture to provide normal-weight concrete with the
following properties:
1. Compressive Strength (28 Days): 20.3 MPa based on cylinder specimens.
2. Maximum Water-Cementitious Materials Ratio at Point of Placement: 0.50
3. Slump Limit: 100 mm, plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

E. Add air-entraining admixture at manufacturer's prescribed rate to result in normal-weight concrete at

point of placement having an air content as follows:
1. Air Content: 6 percent plus or minus 1.5 percent for 3/4-inch (19-mm) nominal maximum
aggregate size.

F. Limit water-soluble, chloride-ion content in hardened concrete to 0.15 percent by weight of cement.

G. Chemical Admixtures: Use admixtures according to manufacturer's written instructions.

1. Use High-range, water-reducing and retarding admixture, plasticizing and retarding admixture
in concrete as required for placement and workability.
2. Use water-reducing and retarding admixture when required by high temperatures, low
humidity, or other adverse placement conditions.

H. Cementitious Materials: Limit percentage, by weight, of cementitious materials other than portland
cement in concrete as follows:
1. Fly Ash: Not Applicable.

2.12 CONCRETE MIXING

A. Ready-Mixed Concrete: Measure, batch, and mix concrete materials and concrete according to
ASTM C 94/C 94M. Furnish batch certificates for each batch discharged and used in the Work.
1. When air temperature is between 85 and 90 deg F (30 and 32 deg C), reduce mixing and
delivery time from 1-1/2 hours to 75 minutes; when air temperature is above 90 deg F (32
deg C), reduce mixing and delivery time to 60 minutes.

B. Project-Site Mixing: Measure, batch, and mix concrete materials and concrete according to
ASTM C 94/C 94M. Mix concrete materials in appropriate drum-type batch machine mixer.
1. For concrete batches of 1 cu. yd. (0.76 cu. m) or smaller, continue mixing at least 1-1/2
minutes, but not more than 5 minutes after ingredients are in mixer, before any part of batch is
released.
2. For concrete batches larger than 1 cu. yd. (0.76 cu. m), increase mixing time by 15 seconds for
each additional 1 cu. yd. (0.76 cu. m).
3. Provide batch ticket for each batch discharged and used in the Work, indicating Project
identification name and number, date, mixture type, mixing time, quantity, and amount of water
added.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine exposed subgrades and subbase surfaces for compliance with requirements for dimensional,
grading, and elevation tolerances.

B. Proof-roll prepared subbase surface below concrete paving to identify soft pockets and areas of
excess yielding.
1. Completely proof-roll subbase in one direction. Limit vehicle speed to 5 km/h.
2. Proof-roll with a pneumatic-tired and loaded, 10-wheel, tandem-axle dump truck weighing not
less than 13.6 tonnes.
3. Correct subbase with soft spots and areas of pumping or rutting exceeding depth of 1/2 inch
(13 mm) according to requirements in Division 31 Section "Earth Moving."

C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Remove loose material from compacted subbase surface immediately before placing concrete.

3.3 EDGE FORMS AND SCREED CONSTRUCTION

A. Set, brace, and secure edge forms, bulkheads, and intermediate screed guides to required lines,
grades, and elevations. Install forms to allow continuous progress of work and so forms can remain in
place at least 24 hours after concrete placement.

B. Clean forms after each use and coat with form-release agent to ensure separation from concrete
without damage.

3.4 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

A. General: Comply with CRSI's "Manual of Standard Practice" for fabricating, placing, and supporting
reinforcement.

B. Clean reinforcement of loose rust and mill scale, earth, ice, or other bond-reducing materials.

C. Arrange, space, and securely tie bars and bar supports to hold reinforcement in position during
concrete placement. Maintain minimum cover to reinforcement.

D. Install welded wire reinforcement in lengths as long as practicable. Lap adjoining pieces at least one
full mesh, and lace splices with wire. Offset laps of adjoining widths to prevent continuous laps in
either direction.

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3.5 JOINTS

A. General: Form construction, isolation, and contraction joints and tool edges true to line, with faces
perpendicular to surface plane of concrete. Construct transverse joints at right angles to centerline
unless otherwise indicated.
1. When joining existing paving, place transverse joints to align with previously placed joints
unless otherwise indicated.

B. Construction Joints: Set construction joints at side and end terminations of paving and at locations
where paving operations are stopped for more than one-half hour unless paving terminates at isolation
joints.
1. Provide tie bars at sides of paving strips where indicated.
2. Doweled Joints: Install dowel bars and support assemblies at joints where indicated. Wrap
with polyethene flexible sleeve one-half of dowel length to prevent concrete bonding to one
side of joint.

C. Isolation Joints: Form isolation joints of preformed joint-filler strips abutting concrete curbs, catch
basins, manholes, inlets, structures, other fixed objects, and where indicated.
1. Extend joint fillers full width and depth of joint.
2. Terminate joint filler not less than 10 mm below finished surface for inserting joint sealant.
3. Furnish joint fillers in one-piece lengths. Where more than one length is required, lace or clip
joint-filler sections together.
4. During concrete placement, protect top edge of joint filler with metal, plastic, or other temporary
preformed cap. Remove protective cap after concrete has been placed on both sides of joint.

D. Contraction Joints: Form weakened-plane contraction joints, sectioning concrete into areas as
indicated. Construct contraction joints for a depth equal to at least one-fourth of the concrete
thickness, as follows:
1. Sawed Joints: Form contraction joints with power saws equipped with shatterproof abrasive or
diamond-rimmed blades. Cut 5 mm wide joints into concrete when cutting action will not tear,
abrade, or otherwise damage surface and before developing random contraction cracks.
a. Tolerance: Ensure that sawed joints are within 50 mm either way from centers of
dowels.
2. Doweled Contraction Joints: Install dowel bars and support assemblies at joints where
indicated. Lubricate or coat with asphalt one-half of dowel length to prevent concrete bonding
to one side of joint.

E. Edging: After initial floating, tool edges of paving, gutters, curbs, and joints in concrete with an edging
tool to a 10 mm radius. Repeat tooling of edges after applying surface finishes.

3.6 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

A. Before placing concrete, inspect and complete formwork installation, steel reinforcement, and items to
be embedded or cast-in.

B. Remove frost from subbase surface and steel reinforcement before placing concrete. Do not place
concrete on frozen surfaces.

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 C. Moisten subbase to provide a uniform dampened condition at time concrete is placed. Do not place
concrete around manholes or other structures until they are at required finish elevation and alignment.

D. Comply with ACI 301 (ACI 301M) requirements for measuring, mixing, transporting, and placing
concrete.

E. Do not add water to concrete during delivery or at Project site. Do not add water to fresh concrete
after testing.

F. Deposit and spread concrete in a continuous operation between transverse joints. Do not push or
drag concrete into place or use vibrators to move concrete into place.

G. Consolidate concrete according to ACI 301 (ACI 301M) by mechanical vibrating equipment
supplemented by hand spading, rodding, or tamping.
1. Consolidate concrete along face of forms and adjacent to transverse joints with an internal
vibrator. Keep vibrator away from joint assemblies, reinforcement, or side forms. Use only
square-faced shovels for hand spreading and consolidation. Consolidate with care to prevent
dislocating reinforcement, dowels and joint devices.

H. Screed paving surface with a straightedge and strike off.

I. Commence initial floating using bull floats or darbies to impart an open-textured and uniform surface
plane before excess moisture or bleed water appears on the surface. Do not further disturb concrete
surfaces before beginning finishing operations or spreading surface treatments.

J. Cold-Weather Placement: Protect concrete work from physical damage or reduced strength that
could be caused by frost, freezing, or low temperatures. Comply with ACI 306.1 and the following:
1. When air temperature has fallen to or is expected to fall below 40 deg F (4.4 deg C), uniformly
heat water and aggregates before mixing to obtain a concrete mixture temperature of not less
than 50 deg F (10 deg C) and not more than 80 deg F (27 deg C) at point of placement.
2. Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice or snow.
3. Do not use calcium chloride, salt, or other materials containing antifreeze agents or chemical
accelerators unless otherwise specified and approved in design mixtures.

K. Hot-Weather Placement: Comply with ACI 301 (ACI 301M) and as follows when hot-weather
conditions exist:
1. Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete temperature below 90 deg F (32 deg C) at
time of placement. Chilled mixing water or chopped ice may be used to control temperature,
provided water equivalent of ice is calculated in total amount of mixing water. Using liquid
nitrogen to cool concrete is Contractor's option.
2. Cover steel reinforcement with water-soaked burlap so steel temperature will not exceed
ambient air temperature immediately before embedding in concrete.
3. Fog-spray forms, steel reinforcement, and subgrade just before placing concrete. Keep
subgrade moisture uniform without standing water, soft spots, or dry areas.

3.7 FLOAT FINISHING

A. General: Do not add water to concrete surfaces during finishing operations.

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 B. Float Finish: Begin the second floating operation when bleed-water sheen has disappeared and
concrete surface has stiffened sufficiently to permit operations. Float surface with power-driven floats
or by hand floating if area is small or inaccessible to power units. Finish surfaces to true planes. Cut
down high spots and fill low spots. Refloat surface immediately to uniform granular texture.
1. Burlap Finish: Drag a seamless strip of damp burlap across float-finished concrete,
perpendicular to line of traffic, to provide a uniform, gritty texture.
2. Medium-to-Fine-Textured Broom Finish: Draw a soft-bristle broom across float-finished
concrete surface perpendicular to line of traffic to provide a uniform, fine-line texture.
3. Medium-to-Coarse-Textured Broom Finish: Provide a coarse finish by striating float-finished
concrete surface 1/16 to 1/8 inch (1.6 to 3 mm) deep with a stiff-bristled broom, perpendicular
to line of traffic.

3.8 SPECIAL FINISHES

A. Chemical Resistance Coating System: Glass fabric reinforced, vinyl-ester based coating system,
resistant to chemicals.

1. Use in concrete paving/ slab in Bulk Storage Area.

2. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be

incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Sika Corporation; Sika Asplit VEL.

3.9 DETECTABLE WARNINGS:

Not Applicable

3.10 CONCRETE PROTECTION AND CURING

A. General: Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold or hot
temperatures.

B. Comply with ACI 306.1 for cold-weather protection.

C. Begin curing after finishing concrete but not before free water has disappeared from concrete surface.

D. Curing Methods: Cure concrete by moisture curing, moisture-retaining-cover curing as follows:

1. Moisture Curing: Keep surfaces continuously moist for not less than seven days with the
following materials:
a. Water.
b. Continuous water-fog spray.
c. Absorptive cover, water saturated and kept continuously wet. Cover concrete surfaces
and edges with 12-inch (300-mm) lap over adjacent absorptive covers.
2. Moisture-Retaining-Cover Curing: Cover concrete surfaces with moisture-retaining cover,
placed in widest practicable width, with sides and ends lapped at least 12 inches (300 mm) and
sealed by waterproof tape or adhesive. Immediately repair any holes or tears occurring during
installation or curing period using cover material and waterproof tape.

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3.11 PAVING TOLERANCES

A. Comply with tolerances in ACI 117 and as follows:

1. Elevation: 1/2 inch (13 mm).
2. Thickness: Plus 3/8 inch (10 mm), minus 1/4 inch (6 mm).
3. Surface: Gap below 10-foot- (3-m-) long, unleveled straightedge not to exceed 1/4 inch (6
mm).
4. Alignment of Tie-Bar End Relative to Line Perpendicular to Paving Edge: 1/4 inch per 12
inches (6 mm per 300 mm) of tie bar.
5. Lateral Alignment and Spacing of Dowels: 1 inch (25 mm).
6. Vertical Alignment of Dowels: 1/4 inch (6 mm).
7. Alignment of Dowel-Bar End Relative to Line Perpendicular to Paving Edge: 1/4 inch per 12
inches (6 mm per 300 mm) of dowel.
8. Joint Spacing: 2 inches (50 mm).
9. Contraction Joint Depth: Plus 1/4 inch (6 mm), no minus.
10. Joint Width: Plus 1/8 inch (3 mm), no minus.

3.12 PAVEMENT MARKING

A. Do not apply pavement-marking paint until layout, colors, and placement have been verified with
Architect.

B. Allow concrete paving to cure for a minimum of 28 days and be dry before starting pavement marking.

C. Sweep and clean surface to eliminate loose material and dust.

D. Apply paint with mechanical equipment to produce markings of dimensions indicated with uniform,
straight edges. Apply at manufacturer's recommended rates to provide a minimum wet film thickness
of 15 mils (0.4 mm).
1. Apply graphic symbols and lettering with paint-resistant, die-cut stencils, firmly secured to
concrete surface. Mask an extended area beyond edges of each stencil to prevent paint
application beyond stencil. Apply paint so that it cannot run beneath stencil.

3.13 WHEEL STOPS

A. Securely attach wheel stops to paving with not less than two galvanized-steel dowels located at one-
quarter to one-third points. Install dowels in drilled holes in the paving and bond dowels to wheel stop.
Recess head of dowel beneath top of wheel stop.

3.14 PREFORMED TRAFFIC-CALMING DEVICES:

Not Applicable

3.15 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing Agency: Engage a qualified testing agency to perform tests and inspections.

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 B. Testing Services: Testing of composite samples of fresh concrete obtained according to ASTM C 172
shall be performed according to the following requirements:
1. Testing Frequency: Obtain at least one composite sample for each 76 cu. m or fraction
thereof of each concrete mixture placed each day.
a. When frequency of testing will provide fewer than five compressive-strength tests for
each concrete mixture, testing shall be conducted from at least five randomly selected
batches or from each batch if fewer than five are used.
2. Slump: ASTM C 143/C 143M; one test at point of placement for each composite sample, but
not less than one test for each day's pour of each concrete mixture. Perform additional tests
when concrete consistency appears to change.
3. Air Content: ASTM C 231, pressure method; one test for each composite sample, but not less
than one test for each day's pour of each concrete mixture.
4. Concrete Temperature: ASTM C 1064/C 1064M; one test hourly when air temperature is 40
deg F (4.4 deg C) and below and when it is 80 deg F (27 deg C) and above, and one test for
each composite sample.
5. Compression Test Specimens: ASTM C 31/C 31M; cast and laboratory cure one set of three
standard cylinder specimens for each composite sample.
6. Compressive-Strength Tests: ASTM C 39/C 39M; test one specimen at seven days and two
specimens at 28 days.
a. A compressive-strength test shall be the average compressive strength from two
specimens obtained from same composite sample and tested at 28 days.

C. Strength of each concrete mixture will be satisfactory if average of any three consecutive
compressive-strength tests equals or exceeds specified compressive strength and no compressive-
strength test value falls below specified compressive strength by more than 500 psi (3.4 MPa).

D. Test results shall be reported in writing to Architect, concrete manufacturer, and Contractor within 48
hours of testing. Reports of compressive-strength tests shall contain Project identification name and
number, date of concrete placement, name of concrete testing and inspecting agency, location of
concrete batch in Work, design compressive strength at 28 days, concrete mixture proportions and
materials, compressive breaking strength, and type of break for both 7- and 28-day tests.

E. Nondestructive Testing: Impact hammer, sonoscope, or other nondestructive device may be

permitted by Architect but will not be used as sole basis for approval or rejection of concrete.

F. Additional Tests: Testing and inspecting agency shall make additional tests of concrete when test
results indicate that slump, air entrainment, compressive strengths, or other requirements have not
been met, as directed by Architect.

G. Concrete paving will be considered defective if it does not pass tests and inspections.

H. Additional testing and inspecting, at Contractor's expense, will be performed to determine compliance
of replaced or additional work with specified requirements.

I. Prepare test and inspection reports.

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3.16 REPAIRS AND PROTECTION

A. Remove and replace concrete paving that is broken, damaged, or defective or that does not comply
with requirements in this Section. Remove work in complete sections from joint to joint unless
otherwise approved by Architect.

B. Drill test cores, where directed by Architect, when necessary to determine magnitude of cracks or
defective areas. Fill drilled core holes in satisfactory paving areas with portland cement concrete
bonded to paving with epoxy adhesive.

C. Protect concrete paving from damage. Exclude traffic from paving for at least 14 days after
placement. When construction traffic is permitted, maintain paving as clean as possible by removing
surface stains and spillage of materials as they occur.

D. Maintain concrete paving free of stains, discoloration, dirt, and other foreign material. Sweep paving
not more than two days before date scheduled for Substantial Completion inspections.

END OF SECTION 321313

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