Pre-Feasibility Report Soda Ash Plant
Pre-Feasibility Report Soda Ash Plant
Pre-Feasibility Report Soda Ash Plant
Applicant:
INDEX
Sr.No. Chapter Page No.
1. Executive Summary 3
2. Introduction of Project 5
(i) Identification of Project and Project Proponent 5
(ii) Brief Description nature of Project 7
(iii) Need of Project and it’s importance to Society/Nation 8
(iv) Demand Supply Gap 8
(v) Imports vs Indigenous Production 9
(vi) Export possibility 10
(vii) Domestic/Export Mrkets 11
(viii) Employment Generation 14
3. Project Description 15
(i) Type of Project 15
(ii) Project Location 15
(iii) Details of alternative site considered and basis of selecting the 18
proposed site
(iv) Size of Operations 24
(v) Project Description with Brief Process Details 26
(vi) Raw material Requirement along with estimated quantity, likely 45
source, marketing area of final product, mode of transport of raw
material and finished product
(vii) Resource optimization/recycling and reuse envisaged in the 49
project
(viii) Availability of water, its source 49
(ix) Quantity of waste to be generated along with its mode of disposal 50
(x) Schematic representation of feasibility drawing which give 56
information of EIA purpose
(xi) List of major plant equipment 59
4 Site Analysis 60
(i) Connectivity 60
(ii) Land Form, Land Use and Land Ownership 60
(iii) Topography 60
(iv) Existing Land use pattern 60
(v) Soil Classification 61
(vi) Climatic data 61
(vii) Temperature 62
(viii) Rainfall 62
(ix) Humidity 62
(x) Winds 62
(xi) Social Infrastructure 63
5. Planning Brief 64
(i) Planning Concept 64
(ii) Landuse Planning 64
6. Proposed Infrastructure 65
7. Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan 67
8. Project Schedule and Cost Estimate 68
9. Analysis of Proposal / Final Recommendations 72
Encl. I: List of Survey Nos. 75
Page 2 of 79
Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
1.8. Plant & Production Soda Ash plant : 11,00,000 TPA Light Soda
Capacity details ash (i.e. Phase 1 : 5,50,000 TPA & Phase 2 :
5,50,000 TPA)
5,00,000 TPA Dense Soda ash (i.e. Phase 1 :
2,50,000 TPA and Phase 2 : 2,50,000 TPA)
SBC (Sodium Bi-carbonate) plant – 2,00,000
TPA ( i.e. Phase 1 : 1,00,000 TPA and Phase 2
: 1,00,000 TPA)
Captive co-generation Power Plant: 120 MW
(i.e. 60 MW in Phase 1 and additional 60 MW in
Phase 2 ), Emergency DG Set: 5 MVA.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
1.11. Source of Water Sea water from Arabian Sea for cooling and
also for conversion of some seawater through
RO/DM process for process water,
miscellaneous sweet water requirement.
Further if Govt. sanctions then Sweet water from
Narmada canal for domestic purpose
During construction stage of plant a small R.O
Plant installation/operation should be permitted
to meet construction water requirement.
Page 4 of 79
Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
GHCL Limited was incorporated in the year 1983. The company has
established itself as a well-diversified group with an ascertained footprint in
Chemicals, Textiles and Consumer Products segment.
GHCL Limited, is one of the leading manufacturers of Soda Ash in India, with
annual production capacity of 11,00,000 metric tons. This contributes to
almost 25% of the annual domestic requirement.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
GHCL’s Soda Ash product lines consist of Light grade, Dense Grade and
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda). GHCL’s Soda Ash and Sodium bi
Carbonate is available across the Indian market under the brand name ‘LION’.
GHCL has been in existence for more than three decades and has over the
years, grown to be a leader in its areas of operations. GHCL has embarked
top line of Rs. 3272.44 Crores with EBITDA of Rs. 753.17 Crores in FY 19-20
and net worth of 2185 crore. Overall group employs directly /indirectly around
6,000 people.
GHCL has come off age as one of the most reputed organizations and
throughout its voyage of three long decades and continuing. It has achieved
historical landmarks which further add to its agility and continuous growth
model.
Page 6 of 79
Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Soda Ash 1st Phase capacity 5,50,000 TPA with provision of doubling the
capacity in 2nd Phase up to 11,00,000 TPA. We have taken actions to
develop Salt work right in the initial stage as it is one of the major raw
materials. The solar salt works capacity accordingly works out to 11,00,000 /
12,00,000 TPA for 1st phase of Chemical complex and additional
11,00,000/12,00,000 TPA in 2nd phase of Chemical complex.
The Green field Project will be set up in Kutch District of Gujarat looking to the
favourable industrial climate, availability of land. There is sufficient scope of
potential of development in area and friendly industrial policy of Govt. of
Gujarat and further supports.
The plant will be having Light soda ash production capacity of 5,50,000 TPA
in the 1st phase and doubling the capacity up to 11,00,000 TPA in the 2 nd
phase.
The plant will also be having Dense Soda Ash production capacity of 2,50,000
TPA in 1st phase and in doubling the capacity in 2nd phase.
The plant will have 1,00,000 TPA Bicarbonate in 1 st phase and further
1,00,000 TPA in 2nd phase.
In Phase 1, Captive co generation power plant will be rated for 60 MW of
power generation. The actual load of steam & power generation will depend
on rated production of Soda Ash Light, Dense Soda ash, Bicarbonate and
other operating loads. During 2nd phase of process plants expansion and the
C.P.P capacity expansion up to 120 MW is expected.
If salt in sufficient quantity will be available then addition of Caustic and salt
derivates shall be planned in future.
Seawater Intake and Effluent disposal system of rated capacity are planned.
The project falls under Category A project/activity 4 (e) Soda Ash Industry of
EIA Notification,2006 and its amendments.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Among the various Processes of Soda ash production techniques, the Dry
Liming is preferred for synthetic soda ash production. Solution mining
technique is used where natural deposits are available to produce soda ash.
As United States is having the largest natural deposits of Trona, its a leading
producer of Natural Soda Ash. Whereas in India all the Soda Ash production
is done through synthetic route i.e. by Chemical process.
India is one of fastest growing economies in the world. Considering the rising
population and growth of urbanisation has increased consumption of industrial
products, which has resulted the increase in demand of housing,
transportation, consumer product, processed foods, beverages, driving growth
in glass, soaps / detergents and various other chemicals directly or indirectly
for production of chemicals.
The Indian Subcontinent is one of the world’s fastest growing Soda Ash
markets, driven by India’s booming economy. The Soda Ash per capita
consumption in India is 2.8 Kg only. If India has to reach the per capita
consumption as of developed nations, which is approximately 17 Kg of Soda
Ash then addition of capacity is must. This would imply about 19 million MT of
additional annual demand. Indian soda ash market is getting ready to meet
this demand growth and GHCL is focusing on becoming Industry leader in
Soda ash.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Asia-Pacific will witness significant growth in the soda ash market with the
market share rising to more than 50% during the forecast period. The Asia
Pacific soda ash market is flourishing due to increased production of glass,
detergents as well as other chemicals, and prosperity of emerging economies
such as China, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and others.
The imports during 2019-20 were 946 KMT. The import demand of the
chemical is globally spread given its diversified end user industry base. The
top 5 importing countries by volume are India, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia and
Germany which together account for ~44% of the global import demand
volume.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Indian Soda ash Market constitutes of two varities Light Soda ash & Dense
Soda ash which share approximately` 60% & 40% respectively.
Total Indian market for the GHCL products and GHCL’s share of that are:
Soda Ash: Market Size – 40 Lakh MT, GHCL Market Share 25% Approx.
Sodium Bicarb - Market Size – 2.50 Lakh MT, GHCL Market Share 25%
Approx.S
Statistics:
1. Last 5-year’s Production data (Soda Ash)
The large demand requirement has enabled limited surplus production for
export from most countries and has led to a high degree of concentration in
the export supply market. This includes China, which has the largest
production capacity of soda ash but is also the largest consumer of soda ash.
China exports ~9% of the total global supply volume of soda ash even though
it holds ~45% of the global production capacity. Furthermore, the top 5
countries are controlling almost 86% of the total global export volume. The US
is the largest exporter of soda ash providing ~43% of the total global volumes
followed by Turkey.
SA demand all over the world has grown significantly; we at GHCL were also
able to sell SA to Bangladesh, Thailand, UAE and other South East Asian and
Middle East countries.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Soda Ash demand in India grew at CAGR of 5.54% during 2013-19 and is
anticipated to achieve a healthy CAGR during 2021-2030. Proposed plant
capacities would further contribute to growth of Soda Ash demand in the
country. The Indian government is putting lots of effort to improve the
condition of the market of Soda Ash buy showing concerns over
supplementing its end-users such as Dye Industries, Detergent Industries,
Fertilizer Industries, etc. According to a report provided by the Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), the chemical industry in
India is expected to grow at a robust rate for the next five years. (Source:
Chemanalyst)
The above growth can also be contemplated with RSPL’s entry to Indian SA
market and being able to sell SA, catering the extra demand which is there.
b. Sodium Bicarbonate:
The estimated demand growth for year 2020-21 was around 8% even with
effect of COVID. The demand growth can also be observed from GHCL
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
bicarbonate sales figures, our sales for Sodium bicarbonate grew at a CAGR
of 18% over last 6 years. We expect the demand to continue growing at 8 to 9
% over the next 5 years.
The growth in end use applications such as food and beverages, animal feed,
fire extinguishers, personal care, flue gas desulphurisation and other industrial
applications.
Indian Soda Ash Demand can be segregated segment wise as per below
chart:
Indian domestic soap and detergent market is growing at a steady pace due
to health and hygiene awareness in people all across India. We anticipate 5-
6% growth for next 3-5 years in Indian Soap and detergent market.
This has been due to rise in demand of detergents in rural India and
penetration of washing machines.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
As per market and demand trend mentioned above, the growth in demand for
Soda Ash and Sodium Bicarbonate is clearly visible. We foresee 6% demand
growth every year similar to trend of Indian GDP figures.
In 2020, world soda ash demand was approximately around 58.5 Million MT.
The Soda Ash market globally can be segregated into its consuming sectors
such as Glass, Chemicals, Detergents, Metal and Mining’s, etc.
The Flat Glass being the top SA consuming sector (26% of Total Demand
Globally) and its demand consists mainly of Solar Glass, Auto manufacturing
& in construction sector. While container glass, Chemicals and silicates and
detergent industries each consumes more than 10% of total SA demand
globally.
Chemicals
14%
Container Glass
19%
Others
18%
FY 20-21 Segment wise
Other Glass
6% Demand in %
India & all over the World we are witnessing the effects of the corona Virus
pandemic, this in turn has created a great awareness in people that how
important health and hygiene is. Today people are not carefree and use of
Soaps, detergents, disinfectants, water treatment and cleanliness has
increased significantly.
With the growing demand in Glass, detergent, water treatment and other
chemicals the SA demand will also grow in the same fashion. All SA
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
consuming industries are growing at steady pace and we can foresee the
same demand trend in Soda Ash also.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Setting up of Green field Chemical complex with Soda Ash and Sodium
Bicarbonate manufacturing Plant along with integrated Captive Co generation
Power plant with necessary facility e.g. Sea water intake, RO/DM Plant,
Effluent out fall facility etc. As per EIA Notification 2006, Schedule Soda ash
Process/ project activity is listed as Project Sr. 4(e) and Category ‘A’.
The Soda Ash process along with Captive Co-generation power plant in
totality requires huge quantity of cooling water. Thus to meet the overall water
requirement for proposed project & operation, Sea water from Arabian sea is
best option. The proposed site location is in proximity of Arabian Sea.
Erection of sea water intake withdrawal and effluent disposal facility in Arabian
Sea at designated points will take place. The point of intake and disposal will
be suggested by CSIR-NIO – (National Institute of Oceanography). Based on
the prefeasibility study by leading Marine consultants, Laying of Pipeline for
Sea water intake and effluent disposal will be executed through experienced
agencies. Since the activity attracts provision of CRZ Notification, 2011
required statutory approvals will be obtained from, GPCB, GCZMA and
MoEF&CC.
Refer the Figure 2 for Google image showing the project Site..
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The Location of the alternative Sites considered are shown in Figure 3 as per
Google image. The comparison of the review sites is also given in Table 1.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Location Taluka: Abdasa, Taluka: Abdasa, Taluka: Mandvi, Taluka: Mandvi, Taluka: Mandvi,
District: Kutch District: Kutch District: Kutch District: Kutch District: Kutch
Turtle /nesting ground Turtle hatchery near Sandy beach and Sandy beach and Sandy beach and Sandy beach and
or hatchery / Sand dune Pingleshwar Beach hence turtle / Sand hence turtle / Sand hence turtle / Sand hence turtle / Sand
dune studies may be dune studies may be dune studies may dune studies may
necessary necessary be necessary. be necessary
Presence of rocks
in intertidal and
subtidal region
creates unfavorable
approach towards
shore.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Wild life sanctuaries Kutch Bustard No wild life sanctuary No wild life sanctuary No wild life Nesting ground of
and distance from plant Sanctuary is located within 10 km of plant within 10 km of plant sanctuary within 10 flamingos in winter
site about 6 km. site site km of plant site
Rivers/Riverlets/Stream Nairo Seasonal River Nil One River and Nil Nil
within plant. stream
Forest/ Any Reserve Yes, Rapar Ghadvali, Reserve Forest ~ 1 Reserve Forest near Near by but outside Reserve Forest ~ 1
forest 2-2.5 Km, km. about 0.5 km plant boundary. km
Ashirwandh, 10-15 Unclass forest
Km scrub forest
Religious structures, Pingleshwar Temple Small mosque is Shiva Temple ~ 0.5 Vipassana Centre ~ Nil
Ancient buildings located at 7 km located about 0.5 km km 0.6 km
identified by distance
Archaeological Society
of India
3 Public Utilites
Port Jakhau Port ~30 km Mundra Port ~ 97 km Mundra Port ~ 80 km Mundra Port ~ 55 Mundra Port ~ 50
km km
Railway station Adipur ~ 138 km Adipur ~ 116 km Adipur ~ 100 km Adipur ~ 116 km Adipur ~ 92 km
Bhuj ~ 108 km Bhuj ~ 100 km Bhuj ~ 97 km Bhuj ~ 66 km Bhuj ~ 62 km
Power station/Sub ~ 8 km ~ 10 km ~ 15 km ~ 10 km ~ 15 km
station
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Any dams/check dams ~ 1 km Check dam Sandhog Two check dam and Salinity ingress No
River ~ 3 km & culverts in northern protection – Check
side dam of Vengadi
(seasonal river)
within 0.5 km from
northern boundary.
General Intertidal / sandy Expansive alluvial Dry and Alluvial Sandy Loamy Dry, Marshy
Soil/Appearance /expansive alluvial nature soil nature soil suitable for Salt
work expansive of
alluvial soil.
5 Plant site Classification Private Land of Private Land / Waste Private Land/ Sarkar Private unirrigated Private Land &
as per Land Records of GEDA and Govt. land / Gauchar/ shree land/ Govt agriculture land/ Govt. Land
Gujarat State Land Forest Land waste/ Santhali land Shri Sarkar
land/Govt Land
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Based on above merits, ‘Bada’ site has emerged as the most suitable
project site out of alternative sites examined/explored and therefore
selected for setting up of proposed Chemical Complex.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Note : The Section number mentioned above is for reference and may subject to
change also. It will be finalised after having Basic Engineering Package
from Technology Supplier.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The raw salt is first washed in salt washery for removal of impurities such as
Sulphates, Clay and Ca++, Mg++ to certain possible extent. The washed salt is
then dissolved in salt dissolver to obtain raw brine. This raw brine is further
processed to the Brine purification area.
The remaining soluble and insoluble impurities are removed in the reactors.
The raw brine containing impurities is transported to reactors, where the brine
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
is reacted with Milk of Lime and Soda Ash solution. The Mg and Ca impurities
are precipitated as per the following reactions:
A part of the sludge from settler is recycled to the reaction tank to increase the
surface available for crystallization of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2. A small quantity
of flocculent is also added to the settler to improve the settling characteristic.
Unit No. 102: Lime Kilns, Gas cleaning and briquette manufacturing
and handling
To produce Soda Ash, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is required for the formation
of Sodium Bicarbonate; and Calcium Oxide (CaO) is required for release of
Ammonia from Ammonium Chloride – the Mother liquor. Both CO2 and CaO
required for Soda Ash production are obtained by decomposing limestone
(CaCO3) at high temperature in the lime kilns by using Coke / briquettes /
anthracite as fuel. Briquette will be manufactured from Breeze as indicated
separately below.
Following are the reactions by which CaO and CO2 are obtained.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Electrostatic precipitator (ESPs). The cleaned / cooled gas is then sent to the
compression section.
The burnt lime i.e. Calcium Oxide (CaO) discharged from the lime kilns are
conveyed to the lime grinding section.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
O/size
Screen
Exhaust Air
Binder (Starch)
Dry breeze hopper
Water Mixer
Hydraulic press
The burnt lime from lime kilns is conveyed to burnt Lime hopper. The
controlled quantity of burnt lime is fed to the Crusher and then fed to lime
Grinding mill. The size distribution of ground lime is very critical and is a key
factor for the operation of dry liming process. The ground lime is
pneumatically conveyed to the ground lime hopper.
The ground lime from hopper is fed to Prelimer by weigh feeder and screw
conveyor. The mother liquor from Bi-carb filters is preheated in pre-heater and
is fed after desorption of CO2 in free ammonia still to prelimer. Simultaneously
the ammonia generated in prelimer and free ammonia still is cooled and
mother liquor is heated in the preheater. The cooled ammonia gas goes to the
absorber and heated mother liquor fed to prelimer.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The slurry from the distiller is fed to the dilution Tank after the stripping of
ammonia with steam. This effluent is then directed to mixing canal along with
liquid stream after dilution/treatment to sea.
c. Absorption
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Ammonia Hydroxide solution is cracked with by heating with live steam in the
fixed ammonia still. The ammonia released from fixed ammonia still along with
ammonia released from prelimer is passed to absorption towers. The mother
liquor from Bicarb filters is preheated in preheater with hot gases from free
ammonia still and is fed after desorption of CO2 to free ammonia still. The
ammonia in mother liquor is stripped in free ammonia still by contacting with
hot ammonia gas from Fixed Ammonia still.
Gases emits from calciner after cooling and washing are called "rich gases"
having a high CO2 content, 90-95 vol. % on dry basis.
Limekiln gases after removal of dust particles in scrubbing system and ESPs -
these are called "lean gases" having a low CO2 content approx. 36-40 vol %
on dry basis.
Bottom Gas Compressor compresses a mixture of Calciner gas and limekiln
gas, resulting in a Bottom Gas with a CO2 content of approx. 80-vol %. All
Calciner gases are recycled and the bottom gas demand is balanced by
adding limekiln gas to the rich gas system.
Middle and Cleaning Gas Compressors compress limekiln gases to middle
and cleaning gas pressure. One Compressor is a common spare compressor,
which can be used as bottom gas compressor or as middle / cleaning gas
compressor. All compressed CO2 gases will be cooled in coolers with water.
b. Carbonation
In the carbonation process the ammoniated brine reacts with CO 2. This
reaction is exothermic and form Sodium Bicarbonate which is crystallize from
the solution after cooling in the lower part of the column. The overall reaction
can be described as follows
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Between the cleaning and production towers there is a small storage tank of
carbonated brine (C-liquor). From this storage the C-liquor is pumped to the
top of the production tower, operated in parallel at a constant liquid level.
There will supply of CO2 gas shall be at the bottom (bottom gas with high CO 2
content) and at the middle (middle gas from the lime kilns) of the production
towers. The CO2 gas flows counter-current to the liquid to the top of the tower.
The CO2 gas gets dissolved in the liquid, followed by the crystallization of
bicarbonates. The exothermal reaction makes it necessary to cool the liquor to
obtain a satisfactory NaHCO3 yield. Cooling takes place in cooling boxes with
cooling water and/or chilled water. In production tower operation, temperature
control is essential to obtain well-grown Sodium Bicarbonate crystals.
The bottom liquor temperature is controlled by the flow rate of cooling water
through the cooling boxes. The production rate of a production tower is
controlled by the gas flow to the tower.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Instead of filter drum, filter belt is also option available but it requires more
space.
The liquor flows via the filter liquor tank to the distillation unit. The filter gas
flows via a Filter gas scrubber and Vacuum pump in counter-current with
purified brine to the atmosphere. The cake on the filter cloth is washed with
almost ammonia free water, the cake is discharged from the drum surface and
after removal of the cake, blow back air is applied for cleaning of the filter
cloth. The crude Bicarbonate (filter cake) is transported to the Calciner.
The cake is dried mainly by displacement of the liquid in the pores of the cake
by air. At regular intervals washing of the filter cloth is necessary.
b. Calcination:
In the Calcination section, the crude bicarbonate from filtration section is
decomposed into Light Soda Ash, carbon dioxide, ammonia and water vapor
by applying heat energy. Crude bicarbonate from the filtration section contains
ammonium bicarbonate as impurities. This ammonium bicarbonate also
decomposes to ammonia, CO2 and water vapor. The crude bicarbonate is fed
in a controlled manner to the Calciner.
The dry and light Soda Ash discharged from the Calciner is partially recycled
back to the Calciner through recycle conveyors. Recycling of Soda Ash is
required to avoid problems related to conveying and fouling inside the
Calciner.
The exhaust gases from the Calciner, rich in CO2 content, are passed through
cyclone separators for the removal of fine Soda Ash dust and then cooled and
washed in Calciner gas cooler / Calciner gas scrubber and sent to compressor
after Ammonia removal.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Hydrator is rotating equipment where light Soda Ash is mixed with controlled
quantity of DM water and part of scrubber circulation water. Sodium
Monohydrate is formed in the hydrator which has a very compact structure.
Monohydrate from the Hydrator is then transferred to fluid bed dryer cooler. In
fluid bed dryer cooler, the water is removed from wet dense Soda Ash and is
also cooled before discharging from fluid bed dryer. Dense Soda Ash is then
screened through lump sieve and dense soda of uniform particle size is
conveyed to a separate set of storage Silos.
The difference in dense Soda Ash and light Soda Ash is in the bulk density
and particle size.
Unit No.107: Product storage and handling
The product i.e. light soda Ash after cooling is transported to storage silos by
various conveyors and elevators. The stored material in the silo is further
bagged in different size of packages as per customer’s requirement with help
of bagging machines. The bagged material is either shipped to Customer or
stored in the warehouse based on the market conditions. The light and dense
ash is bagged in 25/50 kg. HDPE bags or 1000 kgs (jumbo) bags.
Unit No. 108: Sodium Bi Carbonate
Refined sodium bicarbonate is manufactured by dissolution of Dry soda ash in
previously de-carbonated circulating mother liquor. Subsequently carbonation
of this soda solution is done with compressed Carbon dioxide gas therefore
formation of Bicarbonate Slurry takes place. After the separation of formed
bicarbonate slurry, drying of separated sediment is done and Bicarbonate is
produced.
Sodium bicarbonate manufacturing process includes following basic stages:
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The reaction runs with heat evolution, but due to water evaporation the
temperature of outlet bicarbonate slurry is substantially reduced.
Bicarbonate slurry from carbonation column is settled and its thickened part
separated at centrifuge. Separated wet residue is washed with desalinated
water. Mother liquor (filtrate) together with settler drain are fed to de-
carbonator. Washed residue is fed to fluid-bed unit for drying.
Exhaust air purified from bicarbonate dust at cyclones and bag filter is vented
by fan. Dry sodium bicarbonate extracted at cyclones is recycled to final
product line, whereas dust collected at bag filter is fed to mother liquor tank.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The steam generator units proposed for the plant will be compact, semi-
outdoor, natural/assisted circulation, balanced draft, single drum, water tube
type provided with Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion system. In a typical
Circulating Fluidized Bed furnace, the lignite/ coal/ Pet coke fed on a bed of
suitable inert material with addition of a sorbent material (such as lime stone)
is burnt in suspension through the action of primary air distributed below the
combustor. In addition, secondary air is introduced at suitable points in the
combustion zone to ensure controlled and complete combustion of the fuel.
Suitable lignite/ coal/ Pet coke feeding and grounded limestone feeding
arrangements are provided in the typical Circulating Fluidized Bed
Combustion systems and bed material is commonly used for initial start-up of
the boiler. The steam generators will be designed for satisfactory continuous
operation with the range of lignite/ coal/ Pet coke expected for this plant
without any need for auxiliary fuel i.e. Oil for fire stabilization etc. lignite/ coal/
Pet coke are used as fuel after mixing in appropriate ratios. Steam generating
unit would be provided with electrostatic precipitator in the flue gas path. The
overall efficiency of ESP will be around 99.9%. The ESP would have
adequate number of ash hoppers provided with electric heaters. The design of
ESP will be such that the dust burden at the outlet of chimney will meet the
existing air pollution control norms .Common chimney with separate flue duct
for boiler will be constructed. The NOx emission from the steam generator is
least in case of CFBC steam generator design in view of low combustion
temperature maintained in the furnace.
A DG set of required capacity – around 5 MVA with suitable noise hood and
exhaust chimney will be installed for emergency power requirement. From
state electricity board some power, around 5 MVA at 66 K.V will be
contracted. The purpose is for cold start-up of the plant as well as in running
plant utilisation to the extent required for over all steam power balancing. The
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
contracted state power will be stepped down to 11.00 k.V, and can be
momentarily synchronised with captive generation which will be also at 11
K.V.
Salt: Solar salt from captive salt works and from various suppliers will be
transported by surface transport. The salt will be unloaded, washed in a
scientific manner and stored. The salt will be feed to plant in a controlled
manner as needed. However the requirement being round the clock proper
mechanised systems will be installed.
Lime stone: Chemical grade Sized limestone shall be sourced from local
market/ captive mines or from imported source. The lime stone from captive
mines and local source will be transported to plant site through surface/Road
transport. Whereas the imported lime stone will be received at the nearby
port, unloaded and stored for certain period. The efforts will be to shift the lime
stone from port to the plant site within the shortest possible time.
The Lime Kilns requires specific sizes of lime stone and for CFBC Boiler i.e.
for Desulphurisation process, 1 mm or so size limestone is required. The
proper unloading, screening, sizing, storage and feeding facilities for Boilers
and Lime Kilns day bunkers will be created. All the transfer towers of lime
stone handling system will have dust separation and collection equipment’s to
see that dust emission is controlled/ minimised to best possible required
extent.
Lignite/Coal/Pet coke: There shall be few high pressure boilers to meet the
steam requirement of entire plant. The quantity of fuel requirement depends
upon calorific value but is estimated to around 2,500 to 5,400 TPD. The lignite
will be sourced from G.M.D.C mines and transported by trucks. The imported
Coal and Pet-Coke will be received in big parcel at the port, unloaded, stored
and then transported to plant site. At plant site suitable and desired unloading,
screening, sizing, storage and conveying facilities shall be created. The Fuel
stock piles will be covered from environment angle.
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RO water will be used for DM water generation for process and power plant
usage. For D M water generation, we may opt following two option or
combination of the two depending of the RO product water quality.
RO water will be input to D M plant ion exchange vessels. Mix bed unit out let
water (D M Water) will be stored in D M storage tank.
RO water will be passed through secondary RO water plant and product of
the secondary RO will be passed through D M plant ion exchange vessels.
D M water generated will be supplied to boiler make up water, Dense soda
ash plant hydrator, injection water for C02 compressor and other misc. usage
for process.
Part of the RO water or secondary RO water shall be passed through softener
unit to ensure proper quality soft water for washing at filtration sec, purge
water in process and drinking water after proper treatment.
Nano filtration water will be used for salt dissolution in brine section. Though
this technology is still to be proven for consistency of economics, we may go
for RO water for brine preparation as the cost of RO water generation has
reduced drastically with the use of energy recovery instrument.
The condensate from Turbo-alternator & All the other sources will be collected
in condensate collection tank & after polishing it will be used as DM water.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
FT : FLOCCULATION TANK
LC : LAMELLA CLARIFIER
CWST : CLARIFIED WATER STORAGE TANK
SS : SLUDGE SUMP
MGF : MULTI GRADE FILTER
PSF : PRESSURE SAND FILTER
SWRO-CF : CARTRIDGE FILTER FOR SWRO
NF-CF : CARTRIDGE FILTER FOR NF
SWRO : SEA WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS
ROPWST : RO PERMEATE WATER STORAGE TANK
NF : NANOFILTRATION
NFPWST : NF PERMEATE WATER STORAGE TANK
UF : ULTRA FILTRATION
SRO : SECONDARY RO
FM : FLASH MIXER
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
1) REVERSE OSMOSIS
MICRON FILTRATION
The feed water will be passed through a cartridge filter, which removes fine
suspended solids before entering the reverse osmosis system. This is
essential for RO feed water to make it free from fine particulate matter to
avoid any clogging of membrane element surface which severely affects the
performance of membrane elements. This also eliminates problem in high-
pressure pumps due to presence of particulate matter.
Control system of the plant ensures proper interlock to safeguard the system
viz. High pressure pumps, RO membrane elements and chemical dosing
pumps from operational problems.
During high TDS condition, reject water at high pressure passes through the
energy recovery device (Pressure Exchangers). This would result in sizing the
High-pressure pump with a reduced flow capacity thus resulting in
considerable saving in the power consumed. Chemical cleaning system is
provided to clean RO membrane elements periodically. This will ensure
satisfactory performance of the plant by removing scaling materials and
foulness from the membrane elements. Monitoring and control of parameters
at pre-treatment section of the plant is essential to minimize frequent cleaning
operations and have the desired life of membranes.
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2) DEMINERALIZATION PLANT
Strong Acidic Cation exchanger consists of strong acidic cation resin charged
with mobile replaceable hydrogen ions. Water is fed to strong acid cation
exchanger, which in turn passes through a column of cation exchange resin.
Thus cations in the raw water which are mainly Ca, Mg, and Na gets adsorbed
on the resin surface. The resin in turn releases hydrogen ions in the water.
Hence, the water coming out of cation exchanger will contain acidic due to
formation of Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Carbonic acid etc. Hence, the pH
of Decationised water will be typically about 3 to 3.5
After constant usage the hydrogen charge on the cation resin gets
exhausted, a solution of hydrochloric acid is passed through the cation resin
bed for regeneration. During this regeneration process cation resin is restored
for hydrogen charge. To wash away traces of chemicals used for regeneration
entire system is flushed with purified water, which is rejected. After this
operation the cation exchanger will be ready for the next cycle of operation.
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water mainly Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid and nitric acid will get absorbed
/react with weak base anion resins.
Thus the exhausted resins can be easily regenerated with a very less quantity
of caustic or soda ash and gives very low operating cost. WBA resin needs a
little more sodium hydroxide or soda ash than the stoichiometric requirement.
It can also be efficiently regenerated using waste sodium hydroxide reducing
operation cost considerably.
DEGASEER SYSTEM
The reaction takes places during the normal operations are as under:
The contents of water split the carbonic acid (H2CO3) into carbon dioxide CO2
and water H2O. The CO2 is driven out with air through the air vent provided at
the top of degasser.
The water is introduced into degasser top via spraying nozzle. This nozzle
distributes the water over the whole surface of tower packing. An air stream is
led under these packing into the degasser. The downward trickling water
comes into contact with the updraft flowing air.
The cation and anion resins in Mixed bed will be regenerated by hydrochloric
acid (30-33%) and sodium hydroxide (40-42%) simultaneously. The effluent
wastewater during regeneration from DM plant will be collected in the
Neutralization pit & will be diluted with process effluent and discharged in to
sea.
3) NANO FILTERATION
This is widely used for sea water softening before thermal desalination or
SWRO. In this case the efficiency and out put of the desalination plant
increase considerably. With Nano membranes technology we can remove
more than 80 % of Ca and Mg salts , more than 90 % of the sulfates and
retain more than 70 % of chlorides which will contribute in salt recovery in salt
dissolution section. Most of the water will be used for salt washing and
dissolving.
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Likely Sources of Raw material: The details of likely raw material sources
are as below:
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Product Storage:
Fuel Storage:
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Mumbai being engaged for the
marine EIA studies for Seawater intake and effluent disposal facilities. The
CRZ clearances shall be obtained based on the NIO study reports concurrent
to the environmental clearance.
The total sea water requirement for the project is estimated as 16 lakh m 3/day
which will be met through sea water intake system. The total effluent of 15.8
lakh m3/day will be disposed to a location recommended in EIA studies
through suitably designed effluent disposal system.
1 ETP Sludge from treatment The effluent from the power plant, RO/DM
of effluent generated from Plant will require only neutralization & will
captive power plant and have negligible BOD/COD. Sludge will be
RO/DM Plant disposed off at authorised TSDF site for land
filling.
2 Used Oil It will be sold to MoEF&CC/CPCB authorised
recyclers only ~ 12 KL
Discarded Drums It will be sold to approved traders only
3 Discarded Bags It will be sent back to the supplier for reuse.
4 Spent Ion Resin To be sold to authorized recyclers or will be
incinerated at MOEF&CC/CPCB approved
TSDF for which plant will obtain membership.
5 Lead Acid Batteries It will be sold to authorized agency through
auction
6 Ash (Fly ash & Bottom ash) The boiler ash of coal as fuel will be used for
cement manufacturing/brick manufacturing.
7 Limestone Rejects Can be used in boilers for desulphurization
and as a sweetener in cement industry, road
making, Pavement etc. 5% of Limestone
Consumption
8 Settled Sludge Since settled sludge, non-hazardous in
nature, is proposed to be disposed off in
nearby landfill site.
The main raw water source for water for soda ash plant, other ancillary
facilities as well as captive power plant will be seawater and allotted sweet
water if available and hence the wastewater generation quantity is based on
water input.
The wastewater generation streams will be from soda Ash plant and Captive
Co-generation power plant. The main effluent parameter to be ensured with
respect to the GPCB/CPCB standards will be pH, temperature and suspended
solids.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The Soda ash effluent stream will be mixed with brine treatment plant reject,
Boiler blow down from CPP and once through return cooling Seawater which
in turn will bring down the temperature, pH as well as to reduce concentration
of suspended solids. Online pH, NH3 and temperature monitoring system will
be provided to maintain the records.
The treated effluent conforming to the prescribed norms will travel through a
channel and ultimately will be disposed into Arabian sea at a designated
disposal point as per recommendation of CSIR-NIO (Mumbai) through a
submerged pipeline. A diffuser system for proper dispersion of effluent will be
laid in the Arabian sea by ensuring the requirement of minimum depth and the
exit velocity. The Effluent treatment scheme for Soda ash plant is shown in
below Figure – 7.
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B. Domestic Effluent:
Domestic waste water will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and
treated water will be used for plantation / Greenbelt development around the
Plant premises.
The Sewage will be first passed through a Bar Screen Chamber and An Oil &
Grease Trap where any extraneous / floating matter would get trapped.
The sewage would then be collected in a receiving sump where the variation
in flow and characteristics are dampened, which otherwise can lead to
operational problems and moreover it allows a constant flow rate downstream.
Here the sewage is kept in mixed condition by means of coarse air bubble.
The Biological sludge generated will be drained to the sludge holding tank
from where it can be removed periodically for suitable disposal.
RECEIVING SUMP
PRIMARY TREATMENT
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Various Soda ash Process Stacks will be connected to Air pollution control
system as mentioned below as a Pollution control Measure.
Note: # Selection of Final stack heights will be based on final EIA /EMP studies.
Captive Power Plant Stacks will be connected to Air pollution control system
as mentioned below as a Pollution control Measure.
1 Common stack for Individual ESP for 130 mtr PM, SO2, NOx,
CFBC Boilers Each Boiler Mercury
Lime dosing & Or as required
Desulphurisation
2 Emergency DG - 30 Mtr PM, NOx, NMHC,
CO
Note: # Selection of Final stack heights will be based on final EIA /EMP studies.
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Emission levels for Captive power plant stack and process stacks:
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
The land use is mainly comprised of single crop land, barren land, built up,
water body, fallow land, sand, Unclass forest land, sand dunes along sea
coast, sea and river as water body in study area. The vegetation is mainly
comprised of prosopis juliflora.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Land: Approx. 251.14 acres Govt. (Shri Sarkar) land and 1230.34 acres
private unirrigated agriculture land. No forest land within the proposed plant
boundary.
Water: requirement will be met by use of sea water as main source. Arabian
Sea is located at a distance of about 0.8 km
Fuel: Domestic or imported coal, lignite. Necessary fuel linkages will be
established.
Transport: Nearest railway station, Bhuj ~ 66 km, GJ SH6 ~6 km, Nearest
Airport, Bhuj ~ 68 km, Nearest sea port, Mundra - 55 km.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
a. Temperature
The period from March to June is marked by continuous increase in the
temperatures. June is the hottest months of the year with a mean daily
maximum and minimum temperature (in June) of 32.9C and 27.7C
respectively. With the onset of southwest monsoon by about mid-June, the
temperatures go down considerably. From November onwards, both the day
and night temperatures decrease till December.
b. Rainfall
Average annual rainfall based on rainfall data recorded at Mandvi taluka
headquarter, for last 30 years has been observed as 434 mm (Source -
Director of Relief, Revenue Department, Gandhinagar). The annual rainfall as
recorded at Mandvi Taluka headquarter during the year 2018 is 118 mm
(Director of Relief, Revenue Department, Gandhinagar).
c. Humidity
During the monsoon season (July/August) relative humidity, higher than 83%
have been recorded. The driest part of the year is the December period with
the relative humidity going below 60%. Relative humidity varies between 58%
to 76% during period of December to March.
Meteorological data as recorded at IMD Mandvi
(Based on last 60 years data)
Mean
Relative Mean
Temperature Wind
Humidity Cloudiness
Month Speed
Mean Daily Mean Daily 08:30 17:30 08:30 17:30
Km/hr
Max C Min C % % Oktas 0ktas
Jan. 26.0 14.1 59 60 14.2 1.8 1.7
Feb. 26.7 14.8 70 66 15.5 1.5 1.2
Mar. 29.2 17.9 76 71 18.7 1.9 1.5
Apr. 31.5 21.8 81 74 22.1 2.5 1.9
May 32.7 26.0 81 78 31.1 3.6 2.6
Jun. 32.9 27.7 82 78 32.5 5.3 4.6
Jul. 31.7 26.9 84 80 32.7 6.5 6.2
Aug. 30.5 26.0 84 80 32.2 6.5 6.0
Sep. 31.0 25.3 82 77 24.6 4.7 4.2
Oct. 32.4 22.6 75 71 16.4 1.6 1.8
Nov. 30.6 18.4 60 63 13.8 1.6 1.6
Dec. 27.7 15.2 58 59 14.1 1.8 1.9
Annual
30.2 21.4 74 71 22.3 3.3 2.9
mean
d. Winds
Due to Arabian Sea in the vicinity, winds are generally high throughout the
year, except during the south west monsoon season, when these are high to
strong. Mean wind speed is highest in July (32.7km/hr) and lowest in
December (14.1 km/hr).
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The total identified land is about 1481.48 acres. The preliminary plant layout is
made keeping in mind environment siting parameters, wind direction,
availability of water, raw material, and transport infrastructure, lesser
conveyance for process plants, utilities near point of consumption, ease of
inbound and outbound traffic and space for ease of operation and provision
for future expansion etc.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
(iii) Greenbelt: Effective Greenbelt will be developed along the plant periphery for
attenuation of noise and air pollution. The native plant species based on EIA
recommendation will be developed. 33% area will be reserved for Green Belt
Development.
(iv) Social Infrastructure: Basic amenities within study area include primary
school, PHCs, water supply, electric supply, banks, post office, petrol pumps,
bus service etc. Through GHCL Foundation company will strengthen the
social infrastructure through its needs base CSR activities in field of
healthcare, Education, skill development, Animal Husbandry etc. The
proposed project has potential to generate direct employment for about 1200
& indirect employment for 3000 people.
(v) Connectivity: The proposed site is well connected with existing road
infrastructure. The SH 6 is about 6 km NE. The nearest railway station is at
Bhuj about 66 km & Bhuj airport about 68 km. The nearest sea port is at
Mundra about 55 km. The existing road infrastructure is adequate through NH
41. Approach roads and existing internal roads will be strengthened to
accommodate plant access.
(vi) Drinking Water Management: From Sea water through RO/DM route,
Process water, Domestic water & DM water will be produced. Ultimate water
source will be seawater Intake point from Arabian Sea. We shall survey if
some quantity from Narmada water is available through pipeline route and if
sanctioned will use at least to the extent of domestic use.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
(vii) Sewerage System: Domestic effluent will be treated through the Sewage
Treatment plant. Treated water will be used for dust suppression as well as for
Plantation/Green belt development around the plant premises. Sludge will be
used as manure in development of Greenbelt/Plantation.
Recyclable hazardous waste may be generated in the form of used oil from
DG sets, Equipments, plant maintenance etc. and Used Batteries. It will be
disposed off through MoEF&CC/CPCB authorized recycler. E-waste, Bio
medical waste management will be done as per prescribed rules. The Boiler
fly ash will be sold to cement manufacturers, RCC block makers or for road
construction purpose.
Effluent: The liquid effluent from proposed plant will be disposed off through
channel, pipeline and diffuser system at recommended location in CSIR–NIO
EIA report. Combine effluent from process plant, utilities and return once
through cooling and dilution water will be discharged at a location
recommended in EIA. Details for Waste generation & disposal are given in
Chapter 3 Section (ix) of this report.
(ix) Solid Waste: Municipal waste like canteen waste, cardboard, paper,
glassware, scrap, metal, plastic etc. will be disposed in line with Solid Waste
Management Rules 2016. Adequate waste collection bins will be provided
across the plant.
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The above indicated estimated capital cost does not include the costs for
following:
Lease Hold Land and development costs
Costs towards process technology and the services by technology provider
Preoperative expenses
Margin money for working capital
Interest for the construction duration.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
A. Market Study:
Detail market study i.e. supply and demand situation for Soda Ash, indicates
that the current supply position will continue to be tight due to continuous
growth in Glass and Detergent industry.
India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, growing at a rate
of 8.6 % in the past 5 years.
Rising population, urbanization and higher disposable incomes have fueled
this growth and led to increased consumption for industrial products.
This has resulted in increased demand for housing, transportation, consumer
products, processed foods and beverages driving growth in glass, soaps and
detergents and other chemical products.
Soda Ash is a key raw material for glass, soaps and detergents and multiple
chemicals.
Economic growth is fueling the growth of Soda Ash industry in India resulting
demand growing at more than double the rate of global demand.
Domestic production has grown up by 2% over the last 5 years whereas the
surplus demand is catered to by imports.
Industry estimates projected growth driven by growth in the glass industry
too.
Hence current market conditions are considered to be favorable for setting
up a new Soda Ash manufacturing unit. Further keeping in view the in house
consumption of Soda Ash for Detergent, a sizeable Soda Ash manufacturing
facility is very much favorable.
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B. Financial Analysis:
The cost of production and profitability, besides various analyses suggest that
the proposed Soda Ash manufacturing facility shall be financially viable.
The IRR of the project Ph-1 is 12% based on 10 year projected financial
statements. The sensitivity is more attributed to the selling price and project
cost. The market information indicates increasing trend in the Soda Ash price
only due to rising demand.
Financial and social benefits with special emphasis on the benefit to the local
people including tribal population, if any, in the area.
The surrounding inhabitants are mainly agricultural oriented. The frequent
drought prone condition leads to migration of the people to other areas.
Unemployment and underemployment are the main problems of the
inhabitants. Opportunities for jobs in activities will serve as a source of
permanent livelihood. Around 1,200 persons will get direct employment &
3,000 persons indirectly employed as our project comes up. Additionally even
during peak construction around 4,000/5,000 contract people may be
employed indirectly. The plant activities will also provide indirect employment
to nearby villagers.
GHCL Ltd will undertake in the nearby villages the following activities as a part
of CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY programme.
b) Education:
A school support program will put in place in which the Government schools in
the nearby villages will be supported by us in terms of infrastructure and
quality of education. Thus ultimately upgrade level of schools.
School will be set up for the children of the employees. It will be also extended
for the nearby villagers. Provided they meet the minimum standards.
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Proposed Greenfield Chemical Complex – Soda Ash manufacturing, GHCL Ltd.
Partnering with the Govt. and other NGOs to bring resources and expertise for
the benefit of the community.
Relief work will be provided during natural calamities by extending immediate
necessary help to the affected nearby villages and people.
The company will provide funds for the various development activities of the
neighboring villages as and when we find that community development
activity is the motto.
Promotion of festivals related and other Cultural activities in nearby
villages/schools.
d) Environmental Activities:
Roof Rain water harvesting structure will be constructed within the plant
premises which will recharge ground water.
The necessary Air Pollution Control measures like ESPs, Bag house/Bag
filters etc. will be installed to control dust emission if any.
The treated domestic wastewater i.e. treated effluent will be used for
gardening, developing green belt and sanitation purpose.
Greenbelt will be developed in 33% of the total area to minimize the air impact
and noise impact on the surrounding area. The number of trees to be planted
as a part of the plantation program will take as 1,000 trees per hectare for
green belt as well as along roads.
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