Explore

The
Unexplored
 This Project Is Dedicated To

The People Of
Seven Sisters
“It is in the memory of my nani, (Mrs. Satya Ahlawat) and my
beloved friend (Miss. Lakshmi Iyengar), who always believed in my
ability to be successful. You both are gone but your belief in me
has made this journey possible”

- Kanika Chaudhary

Image 1 : Primary images captured at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
 Declaration
I solemnly declare that the project report titled
“Explore The Unexplored” is a result of my own
work and has not been submitted in any other
institution or publication.

I hereby certify that all the information stated

in this report is in accordance with the facts or
truths to my knowledge.

Image 2 : Primary images captured at the

Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
Declaration Of
Original Work
I solemnly declare that the contents of this report is original
and based on my own research. All contributions received
in the making of this paper have been duly acknowledged.
All sources of literature used in the paper have been
acknowledged.

Image 3 : Primary images captured at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
 Image 4 : Primary images captured at the
Sihai, Manipur 2021, India

Acknowledgment
(Source : Self photographed at the
Sihai, Manipur 2021, India
)

I would like to take this opportunity to thank Pearl Academy to have given me this opportunity of undertaking
this project, as part of my curriculum. Completion of this research paper was possible with the support of
several people. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of them. Firstly, I thank God for giving me
good health and the strength to undertake this research task and enabling me to complete this study. I would
like to express my special appreciation and gratitude to my mentor Miss. Neelakshi Singh for her valuable
guidance and consistent encouragement. She motivated me to work beyond my limit at every step.Special
thanks to Mr. Debabrota Das for providing me the additional information on North-East.

My sincere thanks to all who helped me in every possible way, providing me necessary information and
answering all the questionnaires.Special thanks to Mr. Mohit Prakash for always being there whenever I
needed her help in the course of my field research.

I am forever indebted to the individuals, artisans, and tribes of Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland for
their valuable information and kind co-operation.

I am grateful to my parents, brother and other family members for their constant encouragement and
their emotional support.
Content
Chapter 1
Introduction

Chapter 2
Literature Review

Chapter 3
Research Method

Chapter 4
Research Data & Findings

Chapter 5
Conclusion

Chapter 6
Bibliography
 1
Image 5 : Primary images captured at the
Hungpung, Manipur 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Hungpung, Manipur 2021, India
)

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
1.2 Research Objective
1.3 Research Approach
1.4 Significance & Value
1.5 Scope of Study
1.6 Limitation of Study

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1.1
Preamble
“Isn’t this a high time to educate and aware East India among young children, particularly
ourselves about the culture of Seven Sisters?” those living in other parts of the country.
is the ultimate question everyone should This hinders the inclusion of the children and
ask themselves specially people who don’t people of the region in mainstream of India
belong from that region of the country. and integration with the country (Neeraja
Rashmi, 1939).
Seven Sisters, a land of undulating hills and
plains with beautiful green cover and a wide
variety of flora and fauna. Each of the state is
more beautiful than the other, each with its
own culture, beliefs, tribes , art and craft. “A
Isn’t this a high
famous journalist, Jyoti Prasad Saikia coined
the term ‘7 sisters of India’ during a radio talk
time to educate
show . She also wrote a book called ‘The Land
of Seven Sisters’ later” (Veena World, 2021).
and aware
Despite all this, surveys by popular news
ourselves about
magazines such as outlook and India today
sometimes omit this part of India all together.
the culture of
There are so many folk tales , artists, stories
from here but no school curriculum talks
Seven Sisters?
about it. It’s high time that we give attention
and educate ourselves and others about this Image 6 : Primary images captured at the
beautiful land of India. Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

It is often noticed that there is a general lack Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India)
of awareness about these states of North

14 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 15

1.2 Moreover, this research work is intend to study
the following objectives:

Research • Study different culture, values, ethos, tribes, art

and craft of seven sisters.

Objective • To bring awareness to the idea to break the boundaries

of racism, help in increasing awareness and understanding
about these states.

“Need to create awareness about Northeast as a whole”(Nabanita Das, • To increase the tourism as it has both physical and human
2020). diversities and by emphasizing the importance of seven
sister’s culture.
The idea of India is one land embracing many India is known for
its diversity, ethnicity and different cultures. This nation doesn’t
preach one identity or one set of values. The conversation on
racism in India has already started, as evidenced on Professor
Duncan McDuie-Ra’s poignant anthropological narratives of
urban migrants from North East India (McDuie-Ra 2012).He
recorded that over 80 percent of North East Indians have

“Need to create
felt discrimination in the country’s metropolitan cities.
There are numerous incidents where people from
North East in India itself are addressed by names like
‘Momos’, ‘Chinky’, ‘Chinese’, and even ‘Coronavirus’.
They are merely tortured by airport officials to awareness about
prove their identity, and are even killed by tenants.
People who belong to Seven Sisters are much
more than their cool fashion sense, much more
Northeast as a whole”
than their facial features. It’s high time that we Image 7 : Primary images captured at the - Nabanita Das, 2020
break these misconceptions and start knowing Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
and spreading about their ethos, culture and (Source : Self photographed at the
values. Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India)

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 1.3
Research
Approach
The Secondary research would begin with While meeting different tribes, I will document
understanding of different Seven States and experience their lifestyle, culture and
through existing information such as festivals . The field research would provide
online articles, books, blogs, different state me an in-depth knowledge of the way of
government websites, NGO websites, thesis living of different indigenous tribes and
from government libraries, along with other their sustenance in that specific area. I will
online portals. also approach different artisans of different
states to know more about their hand skilled
Followed by which , Primary research would craft.
be done by travelling or commuting three
states of seven sisters that is Manipur,
Mizoram, Nagaland. The visit will lead to
personal observation of not only the people
in that state and the surroundings but also
the overall personal experience of myself
in that state. I will start my research by
Image 8 : Primary images captured at the meeting officials from different ministries,
Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
local guides, tour operators, local people and
(Source : Self photographed at the people from different tribes. I would try to
Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India visit local events and fairs in each state.

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 1.5
Scope of Study
1.4 The scope of study may extend to the artisans, tribes, and other craftsmen .
It could become the base for the campaign and effectively provoke people to travel

Significance
to seven sisters. This study could possibly bring a change in the thinking pattern
towards people of seven sisters and its beautiful undulating green land.
Visual storytelling is one of the most powerful forms of communication in Image

and Value Design. Creators use storytelling to get insight into users, build empathy and
reach them emotionally. Stylists create looks to represent target users and add
conflict to stories that reflect their user journeys and problems. Crafting stories,
designers can better understand what users want from a solution.
‘The region has one of the largest concentration of indigenous

1.6
people who form around 27% of its total population’
(K.R. Dikshit, 2013).

The research study can inspire the young minds to think beyond
the misconceptions that are segregating people in the name of
racism as they would be aware of their origin and culture. In turn,
Limitation of Study
people can also educate themselves and spread awareness about
Since, it’s a very very vast topic hence, everything is quite not possible
it.
to cover about the seven states. Moreover, due to the on-going
Covid-19 pandemic, travelling was a lot more in concern hence,
I focussed and commuted to only three states that is Manipur,
Mizoram and Nagaland.
Image 9 : Primary images captured at the
Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India)
*Both the images are in continous frame

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Image 10 : Primary images captured at the
Longwa, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
Image 1 : Primary images captured at the
Longpi Village in Manipur, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at the
(Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,
Longwa, Mon,Nagaland
Imphal, Manipur, India)

22 / Explore The Unexplored

2021, India) 2 Chapter 2

Literature
Review
2.1 Manipur : Jewel of India
2.2 Mizoram : Land of Blue Mountains
2.3 Nagaland : Land of Festivals

Explore The Unexplored / 23

 2.1
Books and Journals

Manipur
The Jewel Of India
Manipur is a beautiful state enclosed by hill and inaphi. Traditional dress of men from
ranges and was called the ‘Jewel of India’ by the valley is dhoti, kurta and white pugree
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. About 41.4 per cent (turban). The tribal people of Manipur wear
of Manipuri’s are Hindus. Manipur has an a wraparound, together with a shawl, with
exceptional historical journey with Kangla as their traditional tribal pattern. Colourful
its capital. Still it stages in the heart of Imphal and traditional costumes are worn during
as the most blessed and prized treasure of festivals and dances.
historical knowledge. People of Manipur
usually eat rice, fish and vegetables. Manipur
is known for its unique and traditional
costumes. A traditional Manipuri costume
for women is a wrap-around called phanek
Image 11 : Primary images captured at the
‘Ima Market’ in Manipur, 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the Ima

Market 2021, Imphal, Manipur, India)

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 Image 12 : Primary images captured at
the Sihai Village in Manipur, 2021, India
Image 13 : Primary images captured at the Longpi Vil-
(Source : Self photographed at the lage in Manipur, 2021, India
Sihai, Ukhrul, Manipur, India)
(Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021, Imphal,
Manipur, India)
One of the most memorable sights of Manipur is the dance of the region performed amid
complicated rituals and in a language of unrecognizable nasat twang and sounds. The
stiff red, green and gold spangled skirts shimmering under the gossamer gold veils and
the plaintive singing style of the raas is perhaps the instant connection when Manipuri
classical dance is mentioned (R.K Singhajit Singh, Avinash Pasricha, 2004).

“Manipuri polo or Sagol

Kangjei, as it is known
locally, was the common Pottery in Manipur is closely linked with social and cultural
activity. The art of black pottery making in Manipur is practised
man’s game unlike its by women manually only without using wheel. Rasleela-Rasa
is one of the devotional dance form which is believed to have

current status across the been originated by Krishna. The tradition traces that Krishna
used to dance with gopis , himself being the central figure. Hand

globe” woven textiles have always been a rich source of one’s tradition
especially in North East. “Manipuri polo or Sagol Kangjei, as it is known
locally, was the common man’s game unlike its current status across the
- Precious Kamei, 2018 globe” (Precious Kamei, 2018). The game had lost its existence in the
modern day Manipur because of the sad condition of the ponies.. But
now the initiative is being taken by the state to conduct Sangai Festival
where every year the state organises international polo matches.

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 2.2
Books and Journals

Mizoram
Land of Blue Mountains
Mostly people inhabiting Mizoram are knownThese traditionally-skilled artisans make
bamboo products like baskets, utensils,
as Mizos. Christianity is the main religion in
hats, handcrafted furniture and flower vases
Mizoram. The church plays an essential role
as well they weave shawls and puan (wrap-
in the life of the people, who are connected
around). Football is the most popular game
with it and its various activities. The economy
in Mizoram. Apart from football there are
of the people of this state has always revolved
around jhum or shifting cultivation, whichother indigenous games like insuknawr
(rod-pushing), played only by men. Inbuan
includes cutting a large area of forest and
burning it for cultivation. which is a form of wrestling ‘Chapchar Kut’
is the main festival which means festival of
Mizo’s hand skills are seen in their spring is celebrated just before the jhum
wonderful cane and bamboo products of cultivation starts.
utility and decorative items and weaving.
Image 14 : Primary images captured at the
Lamchhip Mizoram, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at the Lamchhip,
Mizoram, India)

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 Cheraw dance is a traditional cultural dance performed
here. The dance is characterized by the use of bamboo
staves, which are kept in cross and horizontal positions on
the ground. The male dancers move these bamboo staves in
rhythmic beats and the female dancers perform by stepping in
and out of the bamboo blocks. It is considered as one of the oldest
dances of Mizoram which has become an integral part of the state
within the course of time and is performed in almost every function”
(Himshree Das,2019). The costumes worn by the performers include
colourful traditional dance attire belonging to the state that includes
the Thihna, Vakiria, Kawrchei, and Puanchei.

Image 15 : Primary images captured

at the Tuah Vau Kutpui, Lamchhip
Mizoram, 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Lamchhip, Mizoram, India)

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2.3
Books and Journals

Nagaland Land of Festivals

Nagaland is known as the ‘Land of Festivals’, and Pochury are the major tribes. Each tribe
because the state prospers with festivities is diverse and rare in character in terms
all around the year. Nagaland has 16 major of customs, language, attire and festivals.
tribes along with a number of sub-tribes. There is no caste system among the Naga
Ao, Angami, Chang, Konyak, Lotha, Sumi, tribes. Each tribe is divided into different
Chakhesang, Khiamniungam, Kachari, Phom, clans.
Rengma, Sangtam, Yimchungru, Kuki, Seliang

Image 16 : Primary images captured at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at the

Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India)

32 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 33

 Image 17 : Primary images captured at the
“The rich arts and crafts of Nagaland portray the artistic capability and creative Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India
imagination of the local craftsmen of the North eastern state of India. Nagaland (Source : Self photographed at the
has several small scale cottage and medium scale industries that produce fine Hongphoi, Mon,Nagaland 2021, India )
products of the traditional art of the state. The crafts of Nagaland include weaving,
embroidery, wood carvings, basketry, Traditional Ornaments, paintings, bamboo
mats, cane works, pottery, metal work” (A. Balasubramanian,2013). Nagas have
distinct dance forms which compliments the unique beat drums and songs. “ The crafts of
These dances of the forefathers are relived and enacted during festivals and
other important occasions. Nagaland include
Morevoer, Naga culture include feast, food and drink, dress and weaving, embroidery,
ornaments, tools, weapons, stone monuments, festivals, rituals and
ceremonies, animism, superstitions, wood craving, myth and legendary wood carvings,
songs and dances, village governance, food gathering, barter system
of trade, weaving cloth and bamboo works, pot making, manufacture basketry, traditional
of salt, shifting cultivation and rearing of animals, language,
indigenous methods of healing, herbal medicine etc. these are ornaments, paintings,
the essential factors of Naga culture.
bamboo mats, cane works,
Hornbill festival is major festival in the Nagaland Temple
Festivals and is organized by the Government of Nagaland. pottery, metal work”
With grand celebration in Kohima every year between the
first and the fifth days in the month of December, this is
one of the colourful festivals of Nagaland and it mainly - A. Balasubramanian, 2013
aims at protecting and sustaining the richness of the
Image 7 : Hornbill Festival, Kohima, Nagaland
Naga heritage and traditions. (Hemanta Singha,2020 )
(Source : https://www.newindianexpress.com/
nation/2020/dec/02/no-separate-flag-constitu-
tion-for-nagaland-guv-2230730.html

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 3
Image 17 : Primary images captured at the
Kohima in Nagaland, 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at Kohima 2021,

Nagaland, India)

Chapter 3

Research
Methods
3.1 Literature Review
3.2 Surveys/Questionnaires (google forms)
3.3 Field Research (visiting places)
3.4 In-depth Interview (face to face interview)
3.5 Observation

Image 18 : Primary images captured at the Image 1 : Primary images captured at the
Sihai Village in Manipur, 2021, India Longpi Village in Manipur, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at Sihai 2021, (Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,
Ukhrul, Manipur, India) Imphal, Manipur, India)

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Image 20 : Primary images captured at the
Longwa in Nagaland, 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at Longwa 2021,

Nagaland, India)

3.1
Literature
Review
To do an inclusive study of the existing body of
work on this research outline, relevant sources
of information were analytically evaluated and
analysed. A comparative study of several articles,
e-books, journals and websites was conducted
to summarise and categorise the importance of
seven sisters.

It gave me detailed and insight on the ocean of

knowledge on three states including Manipur,
Mizoram and Nagaland. This was useful in
identifying and comparing different tribes,
culture and lifestyle.

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 3.2
Surveys/
Questionnaires
(google forms)

As a method of data collection, the conduction of research

involved the use of a questionnaire which was used to survey
aspects and thoughts of North-East in people’s mind. Further,
it was used as a tool to understand people’s perspective on
the untouched piece of land. The survey was roughly divided
into two parts where the first half was questioned to understand
people’s knowledge, how much they are aware and the second half
to understand their views, beliefs and opinions on Seven Sisters.
The survey was conducted online among 70 participants between the
age of 18 to 50 years. It consisted of a set of 10 questions with linear
scale to record responses.

This method of data collection provided simplified results that were

comparable. These conclusions and findings were measured in-depth
during the course of the interview. However, human error may occur while
entering the responses, there is also a chance that the respondents may have
Image 21 : Primary images captured at the
misinterpreted the questions.
Image 22 : Primary images captured at the
Longpi in Manipur, 2021, India Longpi in Manipur, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021, (Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,
Manipur, India) Manipur, India)

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 Image 23 : Primary images captured at the
Longpi in Manipur, 2021, India 3.3
Field
(Source : Self photographed at Longpi
2021, Manipur, India)

Research
(visiting places)
Field research was used in data collection intended to
understand, observe, and interact with people in their
natural settings. Moreover, three states were covered and
data was documented through close inspection including
Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland. Further, different villages,
cities were travelled to understand human behaviour,
human psychology, values, beliefs, customs and traditions.

Field research is a method that was originally crafted by

anthropologists for the purpose of cultural understanding and
interpretation (Wolcott, 2008). Due to the study being conducted
in a comfortable environment, data was collected even about
additional topics.This method offered quite the same kind of
closeup lens on everyday life. The field research helped me to
obtain very detailed data about people and processes, possibly
more detailed than using any other method.

Image 24 : Primary images captured at the

Longpi in Manipur, 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,

Manipur, India)

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3.4 Image 24 : Primary images captured at the
Kohima in Nagaland, 2021, India

In-depth Interview (Source : Self photographed at Kohima

2021, Nagaland, India)

(face to face interview)

For the purpose of this research study, in-depth face to face interviews, semi-structured, open-ended interviews
were conducted to understand the participant’s emotions, sentiments, and feelings about the issue. The
interviews were conducted face-to- face to understand and to maintain the quality of the data collected. Even
the participation and response rate were more as compared to other sources of data collection. A total of 15
people were interviewed between the age group of 24 to 90 years.

Each interview typically lasted for a span of 30-40 minutes. Due to language barrier, sometimes it took
more than 40 minutes, additionally there was a tendency of the interviewees to deviate from the
pre-defined aims and objectives of the research.

3.5
Observation
To widen the scope of research, personal observation of people’s day-to-day moments were
noted. The observations were made during the course of this research and throughout the
researcher’s personal and social life.

By using this method of data collection, it was possible to capture and authenticate the
smallest details of an individual’s social, cultural ceremonies. However, personal bias of
the researcher may affect the accuracy of the data collected.

44 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 45

 4
Chapter 4

Research
Data & Findings
3.1 Literature Review
3.2 Surveys/Questionnaires (google forms)
3.3 Field Research (visiting places)
3.4 In-depth Interview (face to face interview)
3.5 Observation

Image 15 : Primary images captured at

Morung, Hungpui in Nagaland, 2021, India Image 1 : Primary images captured at the
Longpi Village in Manipur, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at Hungpui 2021, (Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,
Mon, Nagaland, India) Imphal, Manipur, India)

46 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 47

 4.2
Image 26 : Primary images captured at
Hunpung in Manipur, 2021, India

Surveys/
(Source : Self photographed at Hunpung in
Ukhrul, Manipur 2021, India)

4.1 Questionnaires
Literature (google forms)

Review General profile of the respondents:

18-50 years old residing all over India except North Eastern part of India.

“The lack of cultural understanding in mainland Indian

The analysis of this survey report identifies key points about ‘how much
communities has always manifested itself in slurs and attacks
that have increased and not reduced” (Naorem Pushparani people are aware about North-Eastern states’, ‘what’s their view point on
Chanu, Gorky Chakraborty, 2020). it’.

Many reported a series of attacks in various parts of the country, 1. How much people are aware about North-Eastern States?
where people from the region were “harassed, abused, and
traumatized ”and unsympathetically called coronavirus. The hate The following responses were collected for the statements:
crime and racial discrimination against people from the northeast
is deep-rooted even in the cosmopolitan cities. Most of them faced a. Percentage of people travelled to North-East part of India: Only
problems while renting a house, even in restaurants they faced
42.3% have travelled to North -East. 57.7% have not travelled to
issues forcing them to eat mostly in eateries run by people from their
communities. North-East even once!

A visit to Northeast India is really an eye-opener of all sorts that will enable b. Number of states in North- East: Only 43.5% of people Image 27 : Primary images captured at
to appreciate and fathom India at an extreme depth. Also, considering knew the correct number of states in North-East which is 8. Hungpung in Manipur, 2021, India
the topography of the seven states, one would definitely get something According to 50.7% of people there are 7 states in North- (Source : Self photographed at Hungpung
extraordinary as I did! East, 2.9% said 6 states and other 2.9% answered 9 states. Ukhrul, Manipur, 2021, India )

48 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 49

Image 28 : Primary images captured c. Brother state of Seven-sisters: 65.2% could Unknown, Tribal, undeveloped’, ‘Scenic
at the Tuah Vau Kutpui, Lamchhip correctly answer that Sikkim is the brother beauty, rich culture, tea gardens, political
Mizoram, 2021, India
state of Seven sisters. 26.1% said Assam, unrest, hill stations’, ‘Beautiful, culture rich,
(Source : Self photographed at the 4.3% answered Manipur and 4.3% Tripura. neglected, untapped, surprising.’
Lamchhip, Mizoram, India)
d. Origin of Mary-Kom: 69.6% could rightly h. Friends in North-East: 35.2% say they have
answer that Mary Kom is from Manipur. no friends in north-east. According to 38%
11.6% answered Meghalaya, 10.1% participants, they have 1-2 friends who
answered Sikkim, 7.2% Arunachal Pradesh. belong to that region.

e. Location of Hornbill festival: 79.4% correctly i. Nagaland has last surviving headhunter
answered Nagaland, 10.3% said Arunachal tribe: 42.3% participants say that they don’t
Pradesh, 5.9% Assam and 4.4% Manipur. know about the fact that headhunters are
the last surviving tribe in Nagaland. 31.9%
f. Reaction when heard, addressing people has not even heard about headhunter tribe.
of North East in slang language: 48.4% have
heard and stopped their friends using slang j. Educating about North-East in primary school:
language to address people of North- East. 100% participants agreed to the question
22.6% have heard and yet kept quiet.16.1% when asked that should government include
accepted hearing and continuing with their culture, history about North-East in primary
friends using slang language. 12.9% didn’t school syllabus.
really cared about this issue.
The results of the statement prove that
g. Description of North East by outsiders: north- east is not very much explored by
The statements/ words used to describe people. People are only aware about its
north-east were- ‘A beautiful but disturbed natural beauty but are not very much aware
place’, ‘Serene, beautiful untouched ,green, about the different culture, tribes, festivals.
mesmerising!’, ‘Mysterious, magical, Some of them agree it’s a neglected , less
enchanting, unknown and unexplored’, appreciated and untapped piece of land.
Image 29 : Primary images captured
‘Neglected, culture, colourful, nature, Some of the citizens are still confused about at Ukhrul in Nagaland, 2021, India
undiscovered’, ‘A beautiful place with rich the number of states in north-east which is
(Source : Self photographed at
culture but less appreciated by India’, certainly not to be proud of. Hungpui 2021, Mon, Nagaland, India)
‘Neglected Part of India, Preserved,

50 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 51

4.3 pieces made of bamboo, the skilled craftsmen
at Zogam create exquisite, eco-friendly and

Field
utilitarian products. I was flabbergasted
to see the tiffin box made out of bamboo
which is not only eco-friendly but also a very

Research
good sustainable option to pack our food
in; something that is made from natural
material, is sturdy and also looks good.

(visiting places) The whole trip commenced from Manipur Pau says he was eight years old when he lost
state in the city Imphal. The first day visit his parents; so he utilised whatever skill he
was made to ‘Mai-Own 2021’. Manipur Chief had to earn a living. “I became a bamboo
Minister, N Biren Singh, accompanied by artisan because that was the only work I
ministers and officials inaugurated the knew. I started doing bamboo craft with
exhibition. It was an exclusive weeklong some of my friends. That is when I discovered
exhibition of all local products of world class I was good at it. When I grew up, with the
at Hapta Kangjeibung ground in Imphal little money I saved, I went to Assam to train
East district. It was organised to motivate in bamboo handicraft at Cane and Bamboo
entrepreneurs of the state so that they can Technology Centre (CBTC) at Byrnihat (19
produce quality products and get access to kilometres from Assam’s capital Dispur and
international markets. Artisans from all over 500 kilometres from Imphal) (Pau, 2021).
Manipur exhibited their stalls of different From pens, water bottles to decorative pieces
handicrafts and innovative products. made of bamboo, the skilled craftsmen at
250 stalls were opened in the exhibition Zogam create exquisite, eco-friendly and
utilitarian products.
Manipur
consisting of 205 as Commercial, 25 as
Food stall and 20 Department viz., Forest,
Planning, Police, Handloom & Textiles, To document more in-depth information
MAHUD, Horticulture & Soil Conservation, about the Tangkhul tribe I planned to visit
DIPR and others. Ukhrul district in Manipur. After recording
information about the place and routes Image 30 : Primary images captured at MAI -
OWN festival Imphal in Manipur, 2021, India
The next day was followed to visit Zogam from the ministry of tourist official I started
to explore the place. Ukhrul is the home to (Source : Self photographed at Imphal 2021,
Bamboo Works( ZBW) in Churachandpur. Manipur, India)
From pens, water bottles to decorative Tangkhul Naga tribe. The enchanting and

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the beautiful view of the Ukhrul town is far for about 1 hour I reached Sihai village where I met Mr K Rinkahao, an amazingly hospitable
away from the infuriating crowd, the noise of Tangkhul Naga farmer who has single-handedly put together an elaborate museum of his
cars, the towering and congested buildings. tribe’s wood carvings and artifacts (including skulls and skeletons from the head-hunting
Tangkhuls are highly cultured people. They days) at his house, without any government or institutional assistance. The museum
are fair in complexion and colourful in terms is known as (Tangkhul Traditional Heritage Home Museum. Skulls of animals mainly
of their traditional wears. Christianity is the buffalo, monkey, wild boar, goat and deer among others are being displayed in the
only religion of the Tangkhul Naga in today’s exterior of the trove. He said that the skulls were collected and preserved to signify
times. When I asked one Tangkhul Naga the old ‘head hunting’ tradition.
lady that, how did they started living there
she answered softly that their villages are One significant item that draws the attention of the visitors was the wooden
located near the spring or stream to ensure sculpture that symbolises a fierce Tangkhul warrior who had just taken the head
them dependable supply of drinking water. of an enemy holding it in his hand. Returning back to Imphal, one surprising
I noticed another beautiful workshop which market which pulled me was Ima Keithal Market. It was an amazing sight
was of Weaving. Weaving is a part in woman’s to see women wearing long traditional colourful skirt which is known
life in Tangkhuls. It is closely associated with as phanek. It is believed to be the largest all women market in Asia, or
the self and soul. The weaved Tangkhul probably the world!
shawls are usually of black and red coloured
stripes. It was so satisfying to see around 25
young women earnestly weaving different
patterns of shawls.

Another handicraft that caught my attention

was Tangkhul’s unique feature of pottery “Manipuri polo or Sagol Kangjei,
making. This craft is crafted without a potter’s
wheel. Clay and black rock are the two main as it is known locally, was the
ingredients used for this craft. Moreover, it common man’s game unlike
is a male-oriented handicraft, which certainly
craft requires a high degree of skill and its current status across the Image 31 : Primary images captured at
attention. I met one of the potter where he globe” Ukhrul in Manipur, 2021, India
heartily showed his handmade products
(Source : Self photographed at Ukhrul
made out of black rock and clay. The process
of making black pottery was looking easy but
- Precious Kamei, 2018 2021, Manipur, India)

definitely it is a laborious art. After walking

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 On the day of Holi, I visited Lamchhip village Image 33 : Primary images captured
which took me about 2 hours to reach. Tuah at the Tuah Vau Kutpui, Lamchhip
Vau Kutpui festival is celebrated which meant Mizoram, 2021, India
festival of flowers. The festival was to celebrate (Source : Self photographed at the

Mizoram
and signify the pink flowers which were in full Lamchhip, Mizoram, India)
bloom. The president of Lamchhip village,
Rodingliana welcomed everyone. Regional
singers, artists and young students from
different schools performed local dance and
acts in traditional costumes. The queen of
the village, Thuamluaii marked her presence
and clicked photographs with everyone. The
festival was organised by Vanramchhuangi,
chairman of Pi Fangi Tourism Society to
promote cultural and tourism activities in
the village. Small stalls were installed where
rice beer, steamed corn, beef, pork, fruits,
etc were sold. No plastic was allowed hence,
only bamboo cups, plates were seen. Even
the stalls were made of bamboo which gave
a feel of real camping site. The whole setup
was done between the dense forest which
gave me a unique experience.

Image 32 : Primary images captured Image 32 : Primary images captured

at the Tuah Vau Kutpui, Lamchhip at the Tuah Vau Kutpui, Lamchhip
Mizoram, 2021, India Mizoram, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at the (Source : Self photographed at the
Lamchhip, Mizoram, India) Lamchhip, Mizoram, India)

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 to act to prevent an erosion of our culture,
and this museum, is our way of representing
“Lotha’s
Naga culture” (Abraham Lotha, 2010). initiative
Abraham Lotha is the creator of the Chumpo
Museum. is expected
Nagaland Lotha’s initiative is expected to play an
important role in promoting and preserving
to play an
important role
Nagaland’s rich culture among future
generations. After the Chumpo visited we in promoting
The last state visit was Nagaland. I landed
Dimapur, and went straight to Chumpo
travelled and visited Mon district. Mon was
full of diversity and uniqueness. This divine
and preserving
Museum. Chumpo in Nagamese, the place offers its best in raw natural beauty. Nagaland’s
language of Nagaland, means ‘Morung’ or
‘bachelors’ dormitory’.
Mon district is the land of head-hunters of
Konyak Naga tribe. It was very interesting
rich culture
The collections on Nagas depicts its old and
and intriguing to see tattooed faced locals. among future
We went to Hung Pui village where we
traditional cultural values which reflects interviewed few head-hunters who were generations.”
their skill in art, music, paintings and even sitting in
in fighting as well. The collections are mainly - Abraham Lotha, 2010
of gems and stones and wooden jewellery We were told that for the head-hunters, the
which depict the ornaments style of tribal taking of a head was a great honour and
people of this part of India. The hard steel symbol of courage and the number of heads
metallic straight wide moulded swords taken indicated the power of a warrior as
collection, which in local language it is called well the whole tribe and becomes a collective
daau speaks its ancient saga of bravery. totem. The head-hunters traditionally have
a very distinctive look, with colourful tribal
“The Naga community needs to preserve its beaded jewellery, exotic accessories and
culture. There have been many occasions colourful intricately woven shawls. Definitely Image 34 : Primary images captured
when others have described the culture at the Aoling Festival, Hongphoi Mon,
the most intriguing part of the head hunter’s Nagaland, 2021, India
of Nagas in their books, magazines, events appearance are the facial and hand tattoos
and other functions, both at domestic and that were earned for taking an enemy’s (Source : Self photographed at the
international levels. So, we Nagas also need Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India
head. We went to various village including )
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 Shangnyu Village which was one of the necklaces at home that are symbols showing
prominent villages of the district. The Angh’s that they have taken these heads during
house (chief’s house) is located here is the battle. The basic belief behind this was
believed to be more than 500 years old. The that head hunting can boost crop fertility. By
uniquely carved structure still stands tall. god’s grace and luck I got a chance to witness
The memorial stones are also found in front and document the Aoleang festival. Aoleang
of Angh’s Palace. Another village was festival is the spring festival of Konyak tribe.
Chui Village. This is a prominent village near It marks the end of the current year and
Mon, the district Headquarters. It is ruled by welcoming the beginning of the new year with
the Angh of Chui Basti. The Angh’s house is the spring season. It is celebrated with much
the biggest in the village and used to have a pomp and fervour. The festival showcased
display of skulls of enemies supposedly killed the rich cultural heritage, with indigenous
by him and his forebears in the times past. dances, songs and games combined with
The Konyaks used to be head-hunters in the the modern music talents of the district.
19th century. The last village was Longwa It aims to develop relationships between
village. The unique thing about Longwa is the government and the people, bridging
that the inhabitants of the village have dual the communication gap, promoting peace,
citizenship- one of India and the other of culture and progress
Myanmar.

Another interesting fact about this village is

that the Indo-Myanmar border passes from
this village dividing the chief’s house into
two halves, one of which is in India and the
other half is in Myanmar. The chief is also
called as Angh and he has 60 wives and rule
more than 70 villages. The villagers don’t
need a visa to move around the border and
Image 35 : Primary images captured roam freely. Even, some families have their
at Hongphoi, Mon, Nagaland, 2021,
India kitchen in Myanmar and bedroom in India.
The local tribe Konyaks had been the head-
(Source : Self photographed at the hunters, and collectors of enemy skulls. The
Hongphoi , Mon, Nagaland, 2021,
India) core people of the tribe still have brass skull

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4.4
In-depth Interview
(face to face interview)
Profile of the respondents:

Image 36 : Primary images captured

at the Aoling Festival, Hongphoi,
Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India
The interviews revealed several insights of the culture and traditions of different crafts, tribes
(Source : Self photographed at the
and festivals. Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India)

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The common theme that was found was that Unisex ornaments are Kongshang (necklace Image
Image 3727 :: Primary images captured
Primary images captured
it is not only a beautiful, mesmerizing place made of ivory and sea shell) and Chaokui at the Aoling
at the AolingFestival, Hongphoi,
Festival, Hongphoi,
but also North - East is very much neglected (brass bangle). As per elder people of the Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India
Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India
part of India. People residing in other states tribe, Kongshang is one of the most important (Source
(Source: Self
: Selfphotographed
photographedatatthe
the
except Seven Sisters are not aware about this ornaments of the community which bestows Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India)
Mon, Nagaland, 2021, India)
hidden gem. The director of tourism pointed a feeling of identity .Chaokui (was worn in
out a huge gap of awareness and tourism in singles by males and female wore it in pairs.
seven states. People are really misinformed Male ornaments include Narun (cylindrical
about the safety of Manipur. On the contrary, wooden ear wear), Quilop (warrior cap made
I didn’t face any safety issues here. Manipur from animal fur and cane), Pasi (head wear
has such great art, culture and heritage and made from cane, dried stem of an orchid and
undeniably it is lacking behind as compared bamboo) and cane leg wear.
to other states. Perhaps, to increase tourism
and to connect diverse people one should Female ornaments includes of Huison (brass
pave a way out to meet all the obstacles. Miss ring chain worn to adorn head and hanging
Xavier informed me about various customs in down till leg), Har (Circular aluminium armlet),
Tangkhul tribe. The Tangkhul Naga Necklace Nahui (ear piece made of circular crystal),
(Kongsang has 10-18) strings of cowries beads Khom mashin (waist wear made from cowries
and precious stones with different colours and black beads), Zeithing (iron stick used as
and is usually very costly and essential a part of bridal ornament).
for weddings. The expensive dresses and
ornaments are usually worn by rich bride Mr.Pingul was interviewed to learn about the
in her wedding. War dress consist of spear, pottery process in Longpi village, Manipur.
head gears, bangles, breast plate, armlets, The giant sized potteries are also called ‘royal
stocking made of bamboo, war tail, horns, pottery’ because only the royalty and the
shield, bows and arrows and a Dao. In earlier rich of Manipur could afford it. The material
days, Tangkhul tribe had definitive norms to used in Longpi is made from a mixture of
wear their traditional textiles and costumes Black serpentite stone and weathered rock
based on sex, age, social and marital status. which are mixed in a three to one ratio. The
Today, the use of traditional textiles and strength is provided by the Serpentite rock
costumes of the tribe has declined not only and the weathered rock acts as a binding
in urban areas over the last few decades but agent.
also in rural areas.

64 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 65

 5
Chapter 5

Conclusion

Image 39 : Primary images captured at

longwa, in Nagaland, 2021, India Image 1 : Primary images captured at the
Longpi Village in Manipur, 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at Longwa 2021, (Source : Self photographed at Longpi 2021,
Mon, Nagaland, India) Imphal, Manipur, India)

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5
Conclusion
After analysing the response of the “Ignorant mainlanders seem to be unaware
questionnaire, I realised that there are huge of our existence as an inextricable part
gaps and people (except North-East) are of India. Sensitise students by adding
really uninformed and are ignorant about #AChapterForNE to begin with; for
Seven-Sisters. There is a lack of education #NortheastMatters. The land of rich heritage,
and awareness of the same. Especially in exotic flora/fauna & impeccable culture,
schools and educational institutions there is NE is more than a resource frontier alone”
no much information provided to students. (Samujjal Bhattacharyya,2021).
Hence, to break this notion ‘A musical video’
would be interesting and the best option to
increase awareness in the society and also
would provide belongingness to the natives Image 39 : Primary images captured at
of North- East. Longwa in Mon, Nagaland 2021, India

(Source : Self photographed at Longwa in

Mon, Nagaland 2021, India)

Image 40 : Primary images captured at

Longwa in Mon, Nagaland 2021, India
(Source : Self photographed at Longwa in
Mon, Nagaland 2021, India)

68 / Explore The Unexplored Explore The Unexplored / 69

 Image 41 : Primary images captured at
Longwa in Mon, Nagaland 2021, India
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Glancey, J. (2011). Nagaland: A Journey to
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Northeast Window (2017). Weaving in Ma-
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Kanika Chaudhary
PG-FSID (2019 -21)
Pearl Academy, Mumbai