Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality (Thc1)

PhilCST
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

OLD NALSIAN ROAD, BRGY. NALSIAN, CALASIAO, PANGASINAN
MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY (THC1)
MODULE 7. IMPACTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY
Lesson 1. Concepts of Environment

PhilCST
The environment is one of the three dimensions of

tourism. As a tourism resource, the environment affects
the quality of tourism experiences. In turn, tourism
affects the quality of the environment. Uncontrolled or
mismanaged tourism development could lead to
adverse impacts.
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Concepts of Environment
The scope of the concept of environment covers the following aspects:
1. Natural Environment (e.g. caves, mountains, beaches, seas, coasts,

beaches)
2. Wildlife (flora and fauna)
3. Farms
4. Built Environment (infrastructure, villages, cities, buildings)
5. Natural Resources (climate, water, air)
6. Weather/Climate
7. Natural Phenomena (eclipses, volcanic eruptions, animal migration,
aurora borealis, tides)
PhilCST
According to ecosystem.org, there are 2 types of

ecosystems: terrestrial and aquatic.
Terrestrial ecosystems include forests, desert,
grassland, and mountain ecosystems.
Aquatic Ecosystems are either marine
(saltwater) or freshwater ecosystems.
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TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
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Forest ecosystems are ecosystems in which there is an

abundance of flora and fauna in relatively small space, or where the
density of living organisms is quite high. A small change in this
ecosystem could affect the whole balance, effectively bringing down
the whole ecosystem. Forest ecosystems may be tropical evergreen
forests (ruled by tall trees), tropical deciduous (shrubs and dense
bushes), temperate evergreen forest (trees, mosses, and ferns),
temperate deciduous forest (trees with leaves shed during the winter
months), and the taiga (situated just before the arctic regions, defined
by evergreen conifers). Forest ecosystems may be used for a variety of
tourism or leisure activities, including camping, hunting, and
orienteering, among others.
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Desert ecosystems are located in regions that receive an

annual rainfall less than 25 inches. They occupy about 17% of all the
land on our planet. They are characterized by extremely high
temperature, low water availability, intense sunlight, and
consequently scarce fauna and flora. Vegetation consists mainly of
shrubs, bushes, few grasses, and rare trees, with their stems modified to
conserve water as much as possible. Desert ecosystems may be utilized
for dune bashing, caravanning, or motor rallies.
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Grasslands are located in the tropical and temperate regions.

The main plants are grasses, plants, and legumes that belong to the
composite family. A lot of grazing animals, insectivores, and herbivores
inhabit the grasslands.
The main types of grasslands ecosystems are savanna (tropical
grasslands, which are dry seasonally and have few individual trees)
and prairies. They support a large number of predators and grazers.
Prairies are temperate grasslands which only have different types of
grasses. Grasslands offer camping and hunting opportunities.
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Mountain ecosystems provide diverse habitats for large

number of animals and plants. High altitude mountains are homes to
thick-furred animals, who hibernate in the winter season. Lower slopes
are covered with coniferous forests. Mountains could be used for
mountaineering, skiing, rock-wall climbing, base jumping, camping,
and the like.
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AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS
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Marine ecosystems cover about 71% of the earth's surface and

97% of the planet's water. Marine ecosystems could be oceanic,
profundal, inter-tidal estuaries, and coral reefs, salt marshes, and
hydrothermal vents. Oceanic is relatively the shallow part of oceans
which lies on the continental shelf. Profundal refers to deep or bottom
water part of the sea. Many fish and other marine animals live in
marine ecosystems. Marine ecosystems may be used for such tourism
activities as sailing, diving, snorkeling, fishing, parasailing, jet skiing,
and many other water activities.
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Freshwater ecosystems cover only 0.8% of Earth's surface and

contain 0.009% of the total water. Three basic kinds of freshwater
ecosystems are lentic (slow-moving or still water), such as lakes or ponds;
lotic (fast-moving), such as streams and rivers, and wetlands in which the
soil is saturated for lengthy period of time. These ecosystems are home to
reptiles, amphibians, and about 40% of fish species. Turbulent waters
contain a greater concentration of dissolved oxygen, which can support
greater biodiversity than slow-moving waters. Freshwater ecosystems
may be used for fishing, camping, sailing, whitewater rafting, canoeing,
and the like.
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Since tourism could exist in most of these ecosystems,

ecosystems are also prone to tourism-induced impacts.
Furthermore, ecosystems are interlinked: impacts on one will be
felt in the others. For example, land clearing to build a theme
park in a forest could cause soil erosion, which could be washed
by heavy rain and cause siltation in rivers. Silt and other
pollutants eventually reach the sea.
The environment plays a significant role in the tourism
industry. Several tourism forms and activities are nature-related,
such as ecotourism, wildlife tourism (hunting and photo safari),
ski tourism, mountain tourism, cruise tourism, dive tourism,
coastal tourism, marine tourism, trekking, camping, and
glamping.
PhilCST
- END OF LECTURE -
//dnnhvlr_2k21//

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PhilCST

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND

MODULE 7. IMPACTS OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

Lesson 1. Concepts of Environment

The environment is one of the three dimensions of

1. Natural Environment (e.g. caves, mountains, beaches, seas, coasts,

According to ecosystem.org, there are 2 types of

Forest ecosystems are ecosystems in which there is an

Desert ecosystems are located in regions that receive an

Grasslands are located in the tropical and temperate regions.

Mountain ecosystems provide diverse habitats for large

Marine ecosystems cover about 71% of the earth's surface and

Freshwater ecosystems cover only 0.8% of Earth's surface and

Since tourism could exist in most of these ecosystems,

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