PETE 411 Well Drilling: Surge and Swab Pressures
PETE 411 Well Drilling: Surge and Swab Pressures
PETE 411 Well Drilling: Surge and Swab Pressures
Well Drilling
Lesson 15
Surge and Swab Pressures
1
Lesson 15 - Surge and Swab Pressures
2
READ:
APPLIED DRILLING ENGINEERING
Chapter 4 (all)
HW #8
ADE #4.46, 4.47
due 10 –14 – 02
3
v ae = v a + K c v p
4
Surge Pressure - Closed Pipe
Newtonian
When y = 0, v = - v p , c2 = −vp
h 2 dp f h
When y = h, v = 0, 0 = + c1 − v p
2μ dL μ
h dp f v pμ
c1 = +
2 dL h
Substituting
for c1 and c2: v=
1 dp f
( ) y
hy − y − v p 1 −
2
2μ dL h
6
Velocity profile in the slot
v=
1 dp f
( ) y
hy − y − v p 1 −
2
2μ dL h h
0
W
q = dq = vdA = vWdy
h
y
− v p W (1 − )dy
h
0
3
Wh dp f v p Wh
q = +
12μ dL 2
7
Changing from SLOT to ANNULAR
notation
(
A = Wh = π r − r
2
2 1
2
)
h = r2 − r1
q
v=
( r2
2
− 2
r1 )
3
Wh dp f v p Wh
Substitute in: q= +
12μ dL 2
8
Frictional Pressure Gradient
vp
12μ v +
Results in:
dp f
= 2
dL (r2 − r1 )2
4 4
vp
v = 2
d2 d
− 1 1
d1 d2
10
Open
Pipe
Pulling out
of Hole
11
Surge Pressure - Open Pipe
12
Surge Pressure - Open Pipe
Also, q t = qi + qa
i.e.,
Vp
π 2
( ) π 2 π 2
d1 − d i = v i d i + v a
2
(
2
d 2 − d1 )
4 4 4
3d − 4d (d 2 − d1 )
4 2 2
va = i 1
vp
4 2
(
− 6d i − 4(d 2 − d1 ) d 2 − d1
2 2
)
Valid for laminar flow, constant geometry, Newtonian
13
Example
14
vp
va =
1. For Closed Pipe d2
2
− 1
d1
2 2
d vp 10.75 (1)
va = 2 = 2 = 4.064 ft/s
1
(d 2 − d1 ) 12 − 10.75
2 2
vp 1
μ v a + 2 4.064 +
dp f
= 2
= 2
dL 1000(d 2 − d1 ) 1000(12 − 10.75) 2
dp f psi
= 0.00577
dL ft
ΔΡ f = 0.00577 4,000 = 23.1 psi
15
2. For Open Pipe,
3d − 4d1 (d 2 − d1 )
4 2 2
Va = 4 2 2
(
− 6d − 4(d 2 − d1 ) d 2 − d1
2
)
Vp
3(10) − 4(10.75) (12 − 10.75)
4 2 2
Va = 2
(1.0)
− 6(10) − 4(12 − 10.75) (12 − 10.75 )
4 2 2
ft
= − 0.4865
sec
16
2. For Open Pipe,
Vp 1
μ Va + 2 − 0.4865 +
dp f
= 2
= 2
dL 1000(d 2 − d1 ) 1000(12 − 10.75)
2 2
psi
= 0.00001728
ft
ΔΡ f = 0.00001728 * 4,000
= 0.07 psi (negligible)
17
Derivation of Equation (4.94)
vp 2
3 v a + d
vi + v p = 2
2(d 2 − d1 ) 2
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Derivation of Eq. (4.94) cont’d
- 4v p (d 2 − d1 ) + 6 v a d + 3v p d
2 2 2
vi =
4(d 2 − d1 ) 2
v p (d − d ) = v i d + v a (d − d )
2
1
2 2 2
2
2
1
v p (d − d ) =
2 2
4(d 2 − d1 )
1 2
+ v a (d 22 − d12 )
19
So,
v p 4(d 2 − d1 ) (d − d + d ) − 3d
2 2
1
2 2 4
= v a 6d + 4(d − d )(d 2 − d1 )
4 2
2
2
1
2
4d (d 2 − d1 ) − 3d
2
2 4
v a = 4 1
2 p
v
6d + 4(d 2 - d1 ) (d 2 − d1 )
2 2
3d − 4d (d 2 − d1 )
4 2
2
i.e., v a = 1
2
vp
− 6d − 4(d 2 − d1 ) (d 2 − d1 )
4 2 2
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Surge Pressure - General Case
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Fig. 4.42
Simplified
hydraulic
representation
of the lower
part of a
drillstring
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General Solution Method
qt =
π 2
4
(
d1 − d v p
2
)
2. Assume a split of this flow stream with a
fraction, fa, going to the annulus, and
(1-fa) going through the inside of the pipe.
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General Solution Method
24
General Solution Method
26
Fig. 4.42
Simplified
hydraulic
representation
of the lower
part of a
drillstring
27
Burkhardt
based on qa
Kc
30
Kc
approximation
Fig. 4.41 - Mud clinging constant, Kc, for computing surge-and-swab pressure.
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Table 4.8. Summary of Swab Pressure
Calculation for Example 4.35
Variable
fa=(qa/qt)1 0.5 0.75 0.70 0.692
(qp)1, cu ft/s 0.422 0.211 0.251 0.260
(qp)2, cu ft/s 0.265 0.054 0.093 0.103
(qp)3, cu ft/s 0.111 -0.101 -0.061 -0.052
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Table 4.8 Summary of Swab
Pressure Calculation Inside Pipe
Variable
fa=(qa/qt)1 ……… 0.5 0.75 0.70 0.692
DpBIT, psi ……… 442 115 160 171
DpDC, psi ……… 104 33 44 46
DpDP, psi ……… 449 273 293 297
Total Dpi, psi …… 995 421 497 514
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Table 4.8 Summary of Swab
Pressure Calculation in Annulus
Variable
fa=(qa/qt)1 0.5 0.75 0.70 0.692
( qa )1 , cu ft/s 0.422 0.633 0.594 0.585
( qa ) 2 , cu ft/s 0.012 0.223 0.183 0.174
Dpdca , psi 104 139 128 126
Dpdpa , psi 335 405 392 389
Total Dpa, psi 439 544 520 515
35
vp
36
SURGE
PRESSURE
VELOCITY
ACCELERATION
37
Inertial Effects
Example 4.36
=
1
dL d −d
2
2
2
1
2
0.00162(10)(0.5)(10.75)
Δp a = (10,000)
12.25 − 10.75
2 2
Δp a = 271 psi
39
END of
Lesson 15
Surge and Swab
40