Mole concept 2

1 Calculate the volume of hydrogen that will combine with 40 litres of oxygen steam at 150 0C and atmospheric pressure.
2 The following mixtures of gases are exploded over mercury and allowed to cool. What will be the volume and
composition of the resulting gases in each case? All volumes are measured at laboratory temperature and pressure.
(i) 10 cm3 of CO and 20 cm3 of O2.
(ii) 15 cm3 of H2 and 15 cm3 of O2.
(iii) 5 cm3 of methane (CH4) and 25 cm3 of O2.
3 7 litres of hydrogen were mixed with 8 litres of chlorine and exposed to light. Find the composition of the resultant
mixture.
4 What volume of hydrogen will combine with 16 m 3 of nitrogen to form ammonia? What volume of ammonia will be
produced, all at the same temperature and pressure?
5 What volume of oxygen would be required for complete combustion of 200 ml acetylene (C 2H2) and what would be the
volume of CO2 produced?
6 Calculate the volume of oxygen necessary to burn completely 5 litre butane gas (C 4H10). What is the volume of carbon
dioxide formed?
7 Consider the first step in the industrial production of nitric acid:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
What volume of NO, measured at 1.0 atm and 1000 0C, can be produced from 20.0 L NH3 and excess O2 measured at the
same temperature and pressure?
8 What volume of O2, at STP, is required for the complete combustion of 4.50 dm3 (litres) of butane, C4H10, at STP?
Butane is the fuel in disposable cigarette lighters.
9 Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide according to the following equation:
2CO +O2  2CO2
200 cm3 of carbon monoxide is mixed with 200 cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and ignited. Calculate the volume
of carbon dioxide formed when cooled to room temperature. What other gas, if any, may also be present.
10 What volume of propane is burnt for every 100 cm 3 of oxygen used in the reaction C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O? (Gas
volume under the same conditions.)
11 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in the ratio 3:1 by volume to form ammonia. Calculate the number of molecules of
hydrogen which combine with 6 X 1022 molecules of nitrogen.
12 6 X 1020 molecules are present in 22.4 cm3 of NH3. What is the number of molecules of H2 in 224 cm3 of H2 under
similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
13 (a) Samples of the gases O2, N2, CO2 and CO under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same
number of molecules represented by X. The molecules of oxygen (O 2) occupy V litres and have a mass of 8g. Under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure:
(i) What is the volume occupied by : (i) X molecules of N 2. (ii) 3X molecules of CO?
(ii) What is the mass of CO2 in grams?
(b) In answering the above questions, whose law have you used?
14 6 X 1023 molecules of nitrogen are present in 22.4 L N2 at STP.
Calculate the volume of NH3 formed at STP from 6 X 1023 molecules of H2.
15 If 500 cm3 of hydrogen contains ‘n’ molecules, how many molecules of
Cl2 will be present in 250 cm3 of the gas, under similar conditions of
 temperature and pressure?
16 Calculate the molecular mass of
(i) Lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2. (ii) Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3.
(iii) Washing soda, Na2CO3.10H2O.
17 Calculate the molecular mass of
(i) Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4.
(ii) Sodium sulphate decahydrate, Na2SO4.10H2O
(iii) Potassium chromate, K2CrO4.
18 A vessel contains N molecules of oxygen at a certain temperature and
pressure. How many molecules of sulphur dioxide can the vessel
accommodate at the same temperature and pressure?
19 Calculate the number of moles and number of atoms of aluminium present in 2.7g of aluminium.
20 Calculate the number of moles and number of atoms of aluminium present in 2.7g of aluminium. (Atomic mass of Al =
27).
21 How many atoms of hydrogen are present in 36g water, H 2O?
22 How many Cl- ions are present in 66.75g of aluminium chloride, AlCl 3?
23 What is the number of atoms in each of the following:
(i) 104 moles of He (ii) 104 a.m.u of He (iii) 104g of He
24 Calculate the number of molecules in a drop of water weighing 0.05 g (H = 1, O = 16).
25. Calculate the number of atoms of each kind in 5.3 g of Na 2CO3.
26 A tetra atomic gas occupies 1.4 litres at 00C and 76 cm pressure. Find the number of atoms in the gas.
27 How many years it would take to spend Avagadro’s number of rupees at the rate of 10 lac rupees per second?
28 How many atoms of carbon has a young man given his bride to be if the engagement ring contains 0.50 carat diamond?
There are 200 mg in a carat.
29 Which of the following occupies maximum volume at NTP?
(i) 6.023 X 1022 molecules of CO2 (ii) 8g of oxygen
(iii) 17g of NH3 (iv) 0.2 mol N2.
30 0.01 mole of a compound weighs 1g. Calculate the molecular mass of the compound.
31 Calculate the vapour density of sulphur dioxide, SO2.
32 Calculate the number of calcium and bromide ions in two moles CaBr 2.
33 The atom of an element weighs 3.986 X 10-23g. Name the element. (At. mass C = 12, Mg = 24, Al = 27)
34 The molecular formula of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), one of the most commonly used pain relievers, is C 9H8O4. A
typical aspirin tablet contains 500 mg of C9H8O4. How many moles of C9H8O4 molecules and how many molecules of
acetyl salicylic acid are in a 500 mg tablet?
35 How many moles of sulphur molecules are contained in 80.3g of sulphur if the molecular formula is S 8?
36 The recommended minimum daily dietary allowance of vitamin C, C 6H8O4, for a young woman of average weight is 4.6 X
10-4 mol (i) What is this allowance in grams? (ii) How many moles of hydrogen atoms are contained in 500 mg of vitamin
C?
37 Calculate the mass of a silver atom. [At. mass of Ag = 108]
38 Calculate the mass of a single molecule of water.
39 13.5g of aluminium of combine with chlorine to form 66.75 g of aluminium chloride. Calculate the formula of
aluminium chloride.
40 Calculate the percentage composition of chloroform, CHCl 3, a substance once used as an anesthetic.
41 Calculate the percentage of oxygen in ammonium nitrate (NH 4NO3) [H = 1, N = 14, O = 16]
42 Calculate the percentage composition of lead acetate [Pb(CH 3COO)2].
(Pb = 207, C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
43 Calculate the percentage of oxygen in ammonium nitrate (NH 4NO3) (Pb=207, C=12, H=1,O=16)
44 Determine (a) the percentage of calcium in Ca 3(PO4)2. (b) The percentage of SO42- in Al2(SO4)3 (c) The percentage of
MgCO3 in Mg(OH)2.3MgCO3.3H20.
45 Find the percentage of water of crystallisation in the sample of washing soda, Na 2CO3.10H2O.
46 Calculate the percentage of phosporous in magnesium pirophosphate whose formula is Mg 2P2O7.
47 Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in aluminium nitride.
48 Silicon (Si =28) forms of compound with chlorine (Cl=35.5), in which 5.6 g of silicon is combined with 21.3 g of chlorine.
Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.
49 The percentage composition of sulphuric acid is : H = 2.055%; S = 32.69%; O = 65.25%. Determine the empirical
formula of sulphuric acid.
50 A 1.723 g sample of aluminum oxide (which consists of aluminium and oxygen only) contains 0.912 g of Al. Determine
the empirical formula of the compound.
51 A compound of sulphur and chlorine is found to contain 47.4% of sulphur and 52.6% chlorine. What is its empirical
formula?
52 PAN, a component of smoke if found to have the following percentage composition :
C = 19.8%; H = 2.50%; N = 11.6%; the rest of the compound is oxygen. What is its empirical formula?
53 Which of the following cannot be empirical formulas?
(a) C3H8 (b) H2SO4 (c) C2H2 (d) Na2Cr2O7 (e) C3H6
54 The compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is found to contain 40% of carbon, 6.7% of hydrogen and 53.3% of
oxygen. If its V.D. is 30, find its empirical and molecular formula.
55 The molecular formula of an organic acid is H2CO2. What is its empirical formula?
56 An acid of phosphorous has the following percentage composition :
2.47% H; 38.27% P; 59.26% O. Find the empirical formula of this acid and its molecular formula given that its relative
molecular mass is 162. (H=1, O=16, P = 31)
57 An organic compound on analysis was found to contain 54.6% C and 9.1% H, and the remainder being oxygen.
Determine the molecular formula of the compound if its molecular mass is 88 gmol -1.
58 A compound of silicon and fluorine was found to contain 33.01% Si and 66.99% F. Its molar mass was for to 170.
Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of the compound. (Si = 28, F = 19).
59 A colourless liquid used in rocket engines, whose molecular formula, is NO 2, has a molecular weight of 92.0. What is its
molecular formula?
60 A compound on analysis was found to have the following percentage composition : Cl = 71.65%; C = 24.27%; H = 4.07%.
Calculate the molecular formula of the compound if its molar mass is 97.
61 A white powder is analysed and found to contain 43.64% phosphorous and 56.36% oxygen by mass. The compound has
a molar mass of 284 g mol-1. Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula of the compound.
62 Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea and chocolate, contains 49.48% carbon, 5.15% hydrogen, 28.87% nitrogen and
16.49% oxygen, by mass and has a molar mass of 194.0 g mol -1. Determine the molecular formula of caffeine.
63 Empirical formula of a compound is AB3. If the vapour density and the empirical formula weight of the compound are
equal, calculate the molecular formula of the compound.
64 Determine the empirical and molecular formula weight of a hydrocarbon containing 85.7% carbon. Molecular mass of
the hydrocarbon (compound of only C and H) is 84. (C = 12; H = 1)
65 Water can be split into hydrogen and oxygen under suitable conditions. The equation representing the change is :
2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
If a given experiment results in 2500 cm3 of hydrogen being produced, what volume of oxygen is liberated at the same
time under the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
66 If a crop of wheat removes 20 kg of nitrogen per hectare of soil, what mass of fertilizer calcium nitrate, Ca(NO 3)2 would
be required to replace the nitrogen in a 10 hectare field? [N = 14; O = 16; Ca = 40.Answer to the nearest kg]
67 Calcium nitrate decomposes on heating according to the equation : 2Ca(NO 3)2 2CaO + 4NO2 +O2. The relative
molecular mass of calcium nitrate is 164. calculate (i) the volume of nitrogen dioxide [NO 2] obtained at STP and (ii) the
weight of calcium oxide obtained when 16.4 grams of calcium nitrate is heated to constant weight. [Ca = 40, O = 16, N
= 14]
68 Calcium hydroxide reacts with ammonium chloride to give ammonia, according to the following equation :
Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl  CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
If 5.35 g of ammonium chloride are used, calculate :
(i) the weight of calcium chloride formed (ii) the volume at STP of ammonia liberated (H=1, N=14, O=16, Cl =
35.5, Ca = 40).
69 One environmental problem receiving wide attention is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced when 100 g of propane (C 3H8) is burnt. The combustion equation
is :
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) (C=12, H=1, O=16)
70 Calculate the mass of ammonia produced when 50 kg of hydrogen is used for its synthesis by Haber’s process. The
reaction involved is
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
71 What mass of aluminium is needed to react completely with 10.0 kg of Cr 2O3 to produce chromium metal in the
reaction :
2Al + Cr2O3  Al2O3 + 2Cr [Al = 27, Cr = 52, O = 16]
72 Calculate the mass of potassium needed to react with 0.450 g of hydrogen gas to produce potassium hydride in the
reaction :
2K + H2  2KH (K = 39, H = 1)
73 How many kilograms of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 can be produced by heating 1.75 x 104 kg of sodium hydrogen
carbonate, NaHCO3? The other products of the reaction are CO2 and H2O. (Na = 23, H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
74 Calcium carbide reacts with water to generate acetylene gas, C 2H2 and solid calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. What
mass of H2O is needed to react completely with 25.0 g of CaC2? What mass of C2H2 is produced in the reaction?
Reaction involved is CaC2 + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + C2H2.
75 Solid lithium hydroxide is used in space vehicles to remove exhaled carbondioxide from the living environment by
forming solid lithium carbonate and liquid water. What mass of gaseous carbondioxide can be absorbed by 1.00 kg
of lithium hydroxide? The reaction involved is
LiOH(s) + CO2(g)  Li2CO3(s) + H2O
76 Calculate the mass of oxygen gas, O2, required for the combustion of 702 g of octane, C8H18.
2C8H18 + 25O2  16CO2 + 18H2O (C=12, O=16, H=1)
77 What mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH would be required to produce 16.0g of antacid milk of magnesia
[magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH) 2] by the reaction of magnesium chloride, MgCl 2, with NaOH?
MgCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)  Mg(OH)2(s) + 2NaCl(aq).
78 Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2, is used as a bleaching agent. It is produced from sodium hydroxide, calcium
hydroxide, and chlorine according to the overall equation :
Ca(OH)2 + 2NaOH + 2Cl2  Ca(OCl)2 + 2NaCl + 2H2O
How many grams of chlorine and sodium hydroxide react with 1067 g of Ca(OH) 2 and how many grams calcium
hypochlorite will be produced.
79 Caustic soda, NaOH, can be prepared commercially by the reaction of Na2CO3 with slaked lime, Ca(OH) 2. How
many g of NaOH can be obtained by treating 100 g of Na 2CO3 with Ca(OH)2? (Ca = 40, Na = 23, C= 12, O = 16, H = 1).