Proposal - SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHTING

SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHTING WITH AUTO
INTENSITY CONTROL
Logic of the project
The project is designed for LED based street lights with an auto-intensity
control that uses solar power from photovoltaic cells. A charge controller circuit
is used to control the charging of the battery, and an LDR is used to sense the
ambient light on day time. We have also attempted to measure the solar cell
parameters through multiple sensor data acquisition. In this system, different
parameters of the solar panel like light intensity, voltage, current and
temperature are monitored using a microcontroller of the PIC16F8 family. The
intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours. The
street lights are switched on at the dusk and then switched off at the dawn
automatically by using a sensing device LDR LED lights are the future of
lighting, because of their low energy consumption and long life they are fast
replacing conventional lights world over. White light emitting diode (LED)
replaces the HID lamps where intensity control is possible by pulse width
modulation. A programmable microcontroller of the 8051 family is engaged to
provide different intensities at different times of the night using PWM
technique, for energy saving for solar based system, also using a charge
controller for protecting the battery from over charging, overload and deep
discharge protection. A light sensing device LDR (Light Dependent Resistance)
is used, whose resistance reduces drastically in day light for sensing purposes.
In the measuring circuit the light intensity is monitored using an LDR sensor,
the voltage by voltage divider principle, the current by current sensor and the
temperature by temperature sensor. All these data are displayed on a 16X2 LCD
interfaced to the PIC microcontroller.
Need for the project
The main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power
consumption and cost effectiveness. Providing street lighting is one of the most
important and expensive responsibilities of a city. Energy efficient technologies
and design mechanism can reduce cost of the street lighting drastically. There
are various numbers of control strategy and methods in controlling the street
light system to ensure that it consumes less energy and is efficient in terms of
money and usage.
Objectives
The main objective of this paper is to provide a better solution to minimize the
electrical wastage in operating street lights, in this electronic era human restless.
Manual control is prone to errors and leads to energy wastages and manually
dimming during mid night is impracticable. A rapid advancement in embedded
systems had paved path for the virtual mechanisms based on micro-controllers.
This paper presents an automatic street light controller using light dependent
resistor(LDR) which is also known as photo resistor made cadmium sulfide, a
8052 microcontroller which is programmed using C language to act as a pulse
width modulator. The circuit also consists of a charging circuit and a
measurement of the solar cell is done using a microcontroller of PIC16F8
family. The light intensity is monitored using an LDR sensor, the voltage by
voltage divider principle, the current by current sensor and the temperature by
temperature sensor. All these data are displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced to
the PIC microcontroller
Implemented method for street lighting
This circuit consists of a battery charge controller circuit that is charged by the
solar panel. The battery gives supply to the micro-controller which is
programmed to work as a PWM connected to the LDR which gives high/low
signal based on the light intensity. When the microcontroller gives a high signal
to the mosfet the LED is OFF. Once the MOSFET gets a low signal it turns ON
and the LED glows. The circuit also consists of measurement circuit for the
measurement of photovoltaic power and the variation of light for the amount of
sunlight obtained. The current is sensed by the current sensor, and temperature
by the temperature sensor and voltage is noted by the potential divider circuit.
Working
Solar Panel Section: Battery B1 is charged via D10 and fuse. When battery
gets fully charged Q1 conducts from output of comparator. This results Q2 to
conduct and divert the solar power through D11 and Q2 such that battery is not
over charged.
Control of Street Lighting Circuit
Here we use a LDR to sense the daylight, based on that we switch ON the
LEDs. As we made a potential divider with 100K and LDR. While in the
daylight light falls on LDR its resistance will go down, as resistance go down
voltage drop across it will go down., voltage drop across 100K go increase. The
voltage drop across LDR will go to 39th pin of MC as LOW logic. When night
falls there will be no light on LDR so resistance of LDR go increase so voltage
drop across will increase, this voltage drop goes to MC as HIGH logic sensing
as Night. Based on light intensity falling on LDR decided the duty cycle of
output LEDs. The MOSFET switches ON between its drain and source that
completes its path of current flow through the LEDs. Therefore with varying
duty cycle from 90% to 10% the current flowing through the LEDs reduces that
result in lesser intensity as described earlier.
Measurement of Solar Photovoltaic Power Circuit
In the measurement circuit the Voltage from the solar panel is fed to the MC pin
no 4 through a potential divider comprising of R4 & R5. A resistance is used as
load in series with another resistor R7 of 10ohm, 10W. The voltage drop across
the resistor R7 is proportional to the load current which is fed to pin 5 of MC.
Light input is sensed by LDR which is fed to MC pin 2. A temperature sensor
LM35 (U3) is connected to pin 3 of MC. Thus, four analog varying voltage
parameters are fed to the internal ADC of the MC out of total availability of 8
channels. A LCD is used to display all the output parameters such as light
intensity, temperature, voltage and current of solar panel.
RESULT
The result comprises the successful operation of the ‘SOLAR POWERED LED
STREET LIGHT WITH AUTO INTENSITY CONTROL ’. The circuit is
stationed in a suitable location that is exposed to sunlight so that immediately it
is dark the system automatically switches “ON” the lamps and when the
illumination is above 50 lux the lamps are automatically switched “OFF”. The
values of illumination, voltage, current and temperature is noted from the LCD.
Work plan
MONTH EXPERIMENTS
November Collection of Materials
December Study about Software modules

January Developing proposed architecture
February Write the coding language for product
March Finalizing the project and write the

document
Budget
S.No COMPONENTS PRICE
1 Product Development 11000
2 Documents preparation 2000
TOTAL 13000
Conclusion
This project ‘SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHT WITH AUTO

INTENSITY CONTROL’ is a cost effective, practical, eco-friendly and the
safest way to save energy. It clearly tackles the two problems that world is
facing today, saving of energy and also disposal of incandescent lamps, very
efficiently. According to statistical data we can save more that 40 % of
electrical energy that is now consumed by the highways. Initial cost and
maintenance can be the draw backs of this project. With the advances in
technology and good resource planning the cost of the project can be cut down
and also with the use of good equipment the maintenance can also be reduced in
terms of periodic checks. The LEDs have long life, emit cool light, donor have
any toxic material and can be used for fast switching. For these reasons our
project presents far more advantages which can over shadow the present
limitations. Keeping in view the long term benefits and the initial cost would
never be a problem as the investment return time is very less. The project has
scope in various other applications like for providing lighting in industries,
campuses and parking lots of huge shopping malls. This can also be used for
surveillance in corporate campuses and industries. This paper elucidates the
design and implementation of an automatic street light control system. The
design works efficiently to turn street lamps ON/OFF. The LDR sensor is the
only sensor used in this circuit. The lamps will come “ON” immediately
darkness falls and go “OFF” once the illumination exceed 50 lux. With this
design, the drawback of the street light system using timer controller is
overcome and human intervention is completely eliminated. By this energy
consumption and cost are drastically reduced. The Automatic Street Light
Control System based on Light intensity & traffic density, in the today up
growing countries will be more effective in case of cost, manpower and security
as compare with today's running complicated and complex light controlling
systems
References
[1] “Automatic Street Light Control System” by Kapse Sagar Sudhakar, Abhale
Amol Anil, Kudake chetan Ashok, Shirsath Shravan Bhaskar 1Student of
Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pune (Maharashtra),
INDIA International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008
Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013)
[2] Automatic Street Lights by Sakshee Srivastava Electronics And

Communication Engineering, Institute Of Technology And Management AL-1,
Sector-7, GIDA, Gorakhpur, U.P., INDIA.
[3] Design and Implementation of an Automatic Street Light Control System by
Isah Abdulazeez Watson, Oshomah Abdulai Braimah, Alexander Omoregie
Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi,
Nigeria
[4] Automatic Street Light Control System Using Microcontroller by Mustafa

Saad, Abdalhalim Farij, Ahamed Salah And Abdalroof Abdaljalil Department
of Control Engineering College of Electronic Technology/ Baniwalid
Baniwalid- Liby

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SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHTING WITH AUTO

Logic of the project

Measurement of Solar Photovoltaic Power Circuit

November Collection of Materials

December Study about Software modules

February Write the coding language for product

March Finalizing the project and write the

S.No COMPONENTS PRICE

1 Product Development 11000

2 Documents preparation 2000

This project ‘SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHT WITH AUTO

[2] Automatic Street Lights by Sakshee Srivastava Electronics And

[4] Automatic Street Light Control System Using Microcontroller by Mustafa

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