INFORMATION

It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of
the crime or criminal activities.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION AS TO ITS SOURCES

1. Regular Sources
2. Cultivated Sources
3. Grapevines sources

METHODS USED IN ACQUIRING INFORMATION

1. ELICITATION

 Obtain information through the process of direct communication.

 One or more of the parties to the communication is/are unaware of the specific
purpose of the conversation.

Phases:

1. Determination of the mission.

2. Selection of the subject.
3. Accomplishment of the mission.

Devices in the conduct of elicitation

A. Approach is the process of setting people to start talking.
Types:
1. Flattery – people are susceptible to praise.
Variants:

 Teacher-pupil approach – subject is treated as an authority.

 Kindred Soul approach – subject is placed in a pedestal having some specialized
quality
 Good Samaritan approach – sincere and valid offers of help and assistance are
made to the subject.
 Partial disagreement approach –produce talking by the word “I’m sure” if I fully
agree.

2. Provocative approach – utilization of conversational gambits.

Variants:
 Teaser Bait Approach – elicitor accumulates the sources of knowledge about a
particular subject.
 Manhattan from Missouri Approach – elicitor adapts an unbelievable attitude
above anything.
 Joe Blow Approach – it is “I know the answer to everything” approach.
 National Pride Approach – defend their country and its policies.

B. Probe is the process to keep the person or subject talking incessantly.

Types:

1. Competition Probe –used in connection with the teacher-pupil approach.

2. Clarity probe – used to elicit information in an area which the response is not clear.
3. High Pressure probe – it serves to pin down a subject in a specific area
4. Hypothetical probe – it presents hypothetical situation

2. CASING -It literally means putting a thing or place in a case

Methods:

1. Personal reconnaissance
2. Map reconnaissance
3. Research
4. Prior information
5. Hearsay

 Information desired in Casing

1. Area condition and habit

2. Active opposition
3. Disposal plan – in case of possible compromise
4. Escape and evasion

3. SURVEILLANCE - consist of keeping persons, place or other targets under physical

observation
Definitions of Terms

1. Pre-surveillance Conference is a conference held before a surveillance is

conducted.
2. Stake-out is the observation of places or areas from a fixed point.
3. Tailing or Shadowing is the observation of a person’s movement.
4. Undercover man is a person trained to observe and penetrate certain organization
suspected of illegal activities
5. Liaison Program is the assignment of trained intelligence personnel to other
agencies in order to obtain information
6. Safe house is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment, where police
undercover men meet his action agent.
7. Drop is a convenient, secured, and unsuspecting place where agents can leave
notes, small package or envelope.
8. Convoy is an accomplice or associate of the subject.
9. Decoy any person almost similar to the subject used to avoid or elude surveillance.
10. Contact refers to any person whom the subject picks or deals with while he is under
surveillance.
11. Made occurs the operation was compromised.
12. Lost happens when the agent do not know the whereabouts of their subject.
13. Rabbit (Hare) is a term referring to the subject of shadowing and tailing.
14. Test for tailing is the common trick of the subject when he becomes conscious that
he is being tailed.

Types of Surveillance
1. According to Intensity and Sensitivity

o
 Discreet
 Close
 Loose

2. According to Methods

o
 Stationary
 Moving
 Technical
 Shadowing, Tailing or Roping
 Shadowing or tailing - act of the surveillant of following his subject to detect
criminal activities.
 Roping - surveillant assumes different roles and identity in order to obtain
information.
 Procedures in Fixed Surveillance

1. Using a room in a nearby house or building

2. The use of listening devices and to record them.
3. Other surveillant may remain outdoor

Tools Used in Fixed Surveillance

1. Binocular or telescopes
2. Movie Cameras with telephoto lens
3. Wire tapping device with tape recording apparatus.
4. Other listening devices
5. In case there is difficulty in wire tapping device, an expert in lip reading must be
employed.

 The Methods of Foot Surveillance

1. One Man Shadow

2. Two-Man Shadow
3. Three-Man Shadow or ABC Shadow

4. OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTIONS

 Observation is the complete and accurate awareness by an individual of his

surroundings.
 Description is the factual reporting of what is observed.

Psychological Processes for Accurate Observation

1. Attention
2. Perception
3. Reporting

Types of Attention

1. Involuntary
2. Voluntary
3. Habitual

 Factors Governing Report

1. Vocabulary
2. Time log
3. Recurrence of similar incidents

5. CLANDESTINE OPERATION – COVERT/DISCREET - A secret action undertaken

in behalf of the government or other friendly forces.
Basic Organizational Elements
1. Sponsor
2. Target or rabbit
3. Agent or asset

Classification of Clandestine Agent

1.
1. Principal Agent
2. Action Agent


o

 Spy is the primary and the most important human collector
 Propagandist mold the attitudes, opinions and actions of an individual
group
 Saboteur undertake positive actions against unfriendly power resulting in
the loss of an article, material or facility.
 Guerilla is a member of paramilitary group organized to grass the enemy.
 Strongman is an agent available to provide special protection.
 Provocateur induces an opponent to act to his own detriment.
 Cover Action exert influence from foreign government upon discretion of
the sponsor.

3. Support Agent

6. COVER - Cover – any device utilized conceals the true nature of its acts and/or
existence from the observer.
Essential Types of Cover

o Natural cover
o Artificial
o Cover within a cover
o Multiple cover

Hazards to Cover

o Static or document opposition (ordinary citizen)
o Unhostile active opposition (police, security agencies)
o Hostile active opposition (enemy intelligence operatives)
 Cover Story – a biographical data which will portray the personality of the agent he
assumed.
Cover Support –assigned in target areas with the primary mission of supporting the
cover story.
Organizational Cover – any account consisting of biographical data which when
adopted by an individual will assume the personality he wants to adopt.

7. Undercover Assignment - An investigation technique in which an agent conceals

his official identity to obtain information.
Uses of Undercover

 Used independently to get first-hand information about the subject of investigation.

 Supplement other investigative techniques like:

Types of Undercover Assignment

 Dwelling
 Work
 Social
 Jurisdictional Assignment
 Combination assignment
 Rope job – striking up friendship with the subject.

Undercover Agent
Special Qualification

 Knowledge of the language

 Background regarding events
 Knowledge about the customs and habits
 Physical appearance
 An artist or an actor

Factors to consider in the Selection of Action (Undercover) Agents

 Placement
 Access
 Primary Access
 Secondary Access
 Outside Access

General Nature of Agent Handling

 Sharing secret purpose.

 Agent controls the agent operationally and administratively.
 Rapport with each other.
 Respect with each other.

Basic Agent Management

 Agent handler must be in charge of the operation.

 The act insure the agent adherence.
 Good rapport must be established between the agent handler and the agent.
 The agent handler must constantly reinforce the agent motivation.

Key Element of Agent Management

 Direction and Control

a. Leadership b. Action c. Personal example

 Natural Weaknesses
 Agent training
 Agent testing
 Agent examination

Control

 Authority to direct agent to carry out task or the requirements in behalf of the
clandestine organization in acceptable manner and security.

Two Categories of Control

 Positive control
 Negative control
Termination Problem

 Amount of knowledge the agent has

 Inclination to use knowledge to the disadvantage of the intelligence service.
 Moral obligation to the agent

Provocation - Action taken in order to incite reaction from a known adversary or to

observe adversary.
Purposes

 Reveal the true status of an assumed adversary.

 Make a known adversary take seldom demanding action.

Provocateur - An individual from the enemy forces who is deliberately introduced in

our custody with a specific mission of causing some unfavorable action or reaction on
our part.

8. INFORMANT AND INFORMER

A. Informant - any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a
crime.
The Types of Informants

 Anonymous Informant
 Rival-Elimination Informant
 False Informant
 Frightened Informant
 Self-Aggrandizing Informant
 Confidential Informant
 Mercenary Informant
 Double-Crosser Informant
 Women Informant

Motives of Informants

 Vanity
 Civic Mindedness
 Fear
 Repentance
Steps of Informants Recruitment (SIAT)

 Selection
 Investigation
 Approach
 Testing

Factors to consider in Informant Recruitment

 Sex
 Health
 Ability
 Age
 Education
 Personality

Dismissal of Informants

 The handler should avoid antagonizing the informant.

 Explain properly and humanely the reasons of dismissal.
 If file of the informant exists, dismissal must be in writing for future references.

B. The Informer is a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis.
They are either paid regularly or in a case-to-case basis, or none at all.