Chapter 1: Introduction: Department of Civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur

Analysis of Earthquake Effect on Different Heights of Building Using ETABS Software
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Today, high rise buildings have huge demand due to increase in population and least
availability of land in the heart of city. Instead of going outskirts of town, everyone wants to
live in the city, so high rise building, towers are one of the best options to satisfy the needs of
people. As the height of building increases, lateral forces due to seismic become
predominant. Shear walls are specially designed structural walls incorporated in buildings to
resist lateral forces that are produced in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake and
other forces. Such wall is mostly constructed in high rise buildings. These walls are designed
for the regions likely to experience earthquake of large intensity or high wind. Shear walls are
generally made of concrete or masonry. They are usually provided between columns, in
stairwells, lift wells, on the corners of building perpendicular to length of building etc.
The urban centralization is causing suffocation of place for the survival of people in the urban
areas, hence to fix this issue and to avoid the creation of slums; vertical living is applied in
many metropolitan cities. The construction of these high rise structures is a difficult task for
the engineers as it has many criteria’s such as lateral forces, soil condition, strength of the
structure, stiffness of the structure, economical etc. Nowadays in the construction of the high
rise buildings there are many advancements implemented, one of the latest advancements is
Shear wall. It is a vertical element which withstands the lateral forces for shear and bending.
Shear wall is designed as shell type shell elements have both bending as well as in-plane
stiffness which can resists moments and forces from all direction. Shear wall can withstand
lateral forces (earthquake effect) to a greater extent.
The composite reinforced (RC) frame buildings are becoming most preferable for Earthquake
Resistant Buildings. The composite materials that are used in composite RC frame buildings
are Bracings, Struts, Shear walls, etc. These Composite RC frame buildings shows great
stiffness and strength than normal RC frame buildings. Due to these advantages the
composite structures are capable of resisting Earthquake effects. In order to study this
composite nature of buildings, Bracings and struts are considered. In order to resist the
earthquake loads the external loads are to be carried to the foundation in a most effective way
without any interruption. These composite materials are installed in between the columns of
the building in a diagonal manner. As the weight of the building is increased, the stiffness
also increases automatically. By this increase in stiffness the strength of the building also
increases, which gives the resistant towards the compression and tension values.
Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 1

Here in the latest version of seismic zoning map of India given within the earthquake
resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for
India in terms of zone factors. Earthquake-zoning map of India divides India into basically 4
seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its previous version, which consisted of 5 or six
zones for the country. In the current zoning map, the Zone 5 expects the highest level of
seismicity whereas Zone 2 is related to the lowest level of seismicity.
Zone 4 is termed the High Damage Risk Zone and covers areas liable to MSK VIII. Here the
IS code assigns the zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4. The Indo-Gangetic basin and also the
capital of the country (Delhi), Jammu and Kashmir fall in Zone 4. Here also in Maharashtra,
the Patan area (Koyananager) is also recorded in Zone no 4. Also in Bihar, the northern part
of the state like- Raksaul, near the border of India and Nepal, is also recorded in Zone no 4.
Zone 3 is the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of Kashmir, Western Himalayas fall into
this Zone. Here this zone is classified as the Moderate Damage Risk Zone, which is liable to
MSK VII. Here the IS code assigns zone factor which is of 0.16 for Zone 3.
Zone 2 is liable to MSK VI or less and is classified because the Low Damage Risk Zone.
Here the IS code assigns zone factor (the maximum horizontal acceleration that may be
experienced by a structure in this Zone) that is 10% of gravitational acceleration for Zone 2.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

STUDY OF PREVIOUS LITERATURES
Giuseppe Oliveto and Massimo Marletta, 2005 studied the seismic retrofitting of
reinforced concrete buildings not designed to withstand seismic action is considered. The
study was based on the scenario in Italy. The paper proceeds with an illustrative description
of the seismic action and then addresses the problem of evaluating the seismic resistance and
vulnerability of engineering structures. The application of the methodology presented to
reinforced concrete buildings in Eastern Sicily clarifies the concepts discussed. In particular,
the concept of seismic resistance, seismic vulnerability and seismic over resistance become
easily understood from the journal. The paper then considers the retrofitting of buildings
vulnerable to earthquakes and briefly describes the main traditional and innovative methods
of seismic retrofitting.[1]
N. Lakshmanan, 2006 gathered the available information particularly on the nonlinear

behaviour, and the various approaches available to evaluate the seismic safety of buildings. It
was emphasized that the existing procedure is grossly approximate, and hence improving
sections of the approach to high levels of accuracy would not necessarily lead to a better
result. The need for evaluating the various repair strategies for use in the improvement of the
seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures has been highlighted. The behaviour of
repaired beams and beam-column joints has been discussed.[2]
Komal Bedi, 2013 explained about different techniques of Retrofitting. Retrofitting is

defined as a general term consisting of treatments including, preservation, rehabilitation and
construction. It is said that the section of appropriate treatment strategy is a great challenge
involved in the retrofit process and must be determined individually for each project. Seismic
retrofitting techniques are Structure level Retrofit, Addition of structural RC walls, Use of
steel bracing, Seismic isolation etc. Recent retrofitting techniques such as Concrete Jacketing,
Steel Jacketing etc. are also pointed out in this journal.[3]
Sumit Bharadwaj et.al, 2015 explained that retrofit in structures is done to increase the
survivability functionality. At present day, retrofitting has a very lucrative market in the
developed and as well as developing countries. It provides a number of ways to improve the
damaged structure and allows expanding the lifespan of a structure, increasing its functioning

and safety. Retrofitting mainly depends upon the modern technology and the unique ideas of
the engineers and may vary from place to place.[4]
Sameh A, 2016 studied seismic vulnerability of RC buildings in Egypt. It has been said that
seismic provisions were not provided in Egypt and hence the buildings where vulnerable to
seismic activity. Two buildings one provided with seismic provisions and the other without
seismic provisions were taken into account. The final conclusion was that seismic provisions
are a necessary to be checked and provided. Even though Egypt is considered a region of
moderate seismicity, in order to avoid the future risk Seismic analysis was carried out.[5]
Structural Analysis of a Multi-Storeyed Building using ETABS for various Plan

Configurations {Abhay Guleria} during this paper, the case study mainly emphasizes on
structural behaviour of multi- story building for various plan configurations like rectangular,
C, L and I-shape. Modelling of 15-story R.C.C. framed building is completed on the ETABS
software for analysis. Here for the post analysis of structure, maximum shear forces, bending
moments and maximum story displacement are computed then compared for all the analysed
cases.[6]
Design and Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Building Under Static and Dynamic Loading
Conditions Using ETABS {Balaji.U. A, Mr. Selvarasan M.E. B.} In this paper work a
residential building of G+13 is studied for earthquake loads using ETABS software.
Assuming that material property is linear, static and dynamic analyses are performed. These
non-linear analyses are administered by considering severe seismic Zones and therefore the
behaviour is assessed by taking types II soil condition. Here also Different response like,
displacements, base shear are plotted.[7]
Seismic Analysis of Multi-storeyed Building, {Mahesh N. Patil and Yogesh N.

Sonawane} in this paper work the earthquake response of the symmetric multi-storeyed
building is studied by manual calculation and with the assistance of ETABS 9.7.1 software.
This method includes seismic coefficient method as recommended by IS 1893:2002. The
responses obtained by manual analysis also as by soft computing are compared. It provides
complete guide line for manual also as software analysis of seismic coefficient method.[8]

IS 456:2000 this standard is essentially used for the plain and reinforced structure. It deals
with the design of building as per their requirements. during this code, it's been assumed that
the design of plan and reinforced cement concrete work is entrusted to a professional
engineer which the execution of cement concrete work is administered under the direction of
a professional and experienced supervisor.[9]

Chapter 1: Introduction: Department of Civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 1: Introduction: Department of Civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 1: Introduction: Department of Civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis of Earthquake Effect on Different Heights of Building Using ETABS Software

Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 1

Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

N. Lakshmanan, 2006 gathered the available information particularly on the nonlinear

Komal Bedi, 2013 explained about different techniques of Retrofitting. Retrofitting is

Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 3

Structural Analysis of a Multi-Storeyed Building using ETABS for various Plan

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storeyed Building, {Mahesh N. Patil and Yogesh N.

Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 4

Department Of civil Engineering STJIT Ranebennur Page 5

You might also like