IB Biology Notes - 23 Eukaryotic Cells
IB Biology Notes - 23 Eukaryotic Cells
IB Biology Notes - 23 Eukaryotic Cells
3 Eukaryotic cells
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1 Statisical Analysis
Working with data Eukaryotic cells
2 Cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrasructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.
Cell theory
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Membranes
Cell division
4 Genetics
Chromosomes, genes, alleles & mutations
Meiosis
Theoretical genetics
Genetic engineering & biotechnology
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Can modify proteins to alter their function and/or destination. Synthesizes proteins to
7 Nucleic acids and proteins
be excreted from the cell.
Dna structure
Dna replication Lysosome: Contains many digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules such as proteins and lipids into their
Transcription monomers.
Translation
Golgi apparatus: Receives proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and may further modify them. It also
Proteins
packages proteins before the protein is sent to it’s final destination which may be intracellular or extracellular.
Enzymes
Mitochondrion: Is responsible for aerobic respiration. Converts chemical energy into ATP using oxygen.
8 Cell respiration and
photosynthesis Nucleus: Contains the chromosomes and therefore the hereditary material. It is responsible for controlling the cell.
Cell respiration
Photosynthesis
2.3.3 Identify sructures from 2.3.1 in electron micrographs of liver cells.
9 Plant science
Plant structure & growth
Transport in angiospermophytes
Reproduction in angiospermophytes
10 Genetics
Meiosis
Dihybrid crosses & gene linkage
Polygenic inheritance
1. Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA which is found in the cytoplasm in a region named the nucleoid. On the other hand,
eukaryotes have chromosomes that are made up of DNA and protein. These chromosomes are found in the nucleus
enclosed in a nuclear envelope.
3. Prokaryotes have small ribosomes (70S) compared to eukaryotes which have large ribosomes (80S).
4. In prokaryotes there are either no or very few organelles bounded by a single membrane in comparison to eukaryotes
which have many of them including the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
Animal cells only have a plasma membrane and no cell wall. Whereas plant cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall.
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts whereas plant cells do for the process of photosynthesis.
Animal cells store glycogen as their carbohydrate resource whereas plants store starch.
Animal cells do not usually contain any vacuoles and if present they are small or temporary. On the other hand plants
have a large vacuole that is always present.
Animal cells can change shape due to the lack of a cell wall and are usually rounded whereas plant cells have a fixed
shape kept by the presence of the cell wall.
The animal cell contains glycoproteins in their extracellular matrix which are involved in the support, movement and
adhesion of the cell.
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