History of HCI

Subject: IT205- Human Computer Interaction
Audience: BSIT- 2nd Year
Prepared by:
Engr. Evangeline F. Gonzales
(CICT-Faculty Lecturer)
Unit1- INTRODUCTION
TO
(HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION)
Lesson 1
HISTORY OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
BRIEF HISTORY OF HCI
Human Computer
Interaction(HCI) is an
area of research and
practice that emerged in
the late 1970s and early
1980s, initially as an area
in Computer Science.
It has expanded rapidly
and steadily for almost
three decades, attracting
professionals from other
different disciplines to
incorporate diverse
concepts and approaches
to this field.
1970s- The rise of the Personal
Computer.
The broad project of cognitive
science, which incorporated
cognitive psychology, artificial
intelligence, linguistics, cognitive
anthropology, and the philosophy of
mind, had formed at the end of the
1970s.
1980s- Graphical User
Interface (GUI).
Graphical User Interface
(GUI) is the interface that
is designed for the easier
understanding of the
users of the computers.
1990s- The Internet and
Collaborative works.
The Internet started journey in
1990s. So, communications
among people became easier. In
the consequence of this, many
new technologies arrived for
better communication.
2000s- Mobile Computing
During this time, mobile phones,
PDA (Personal Development
Assistance), and Smart Phones
started and are continously
domineering the world. Wide range
of services to the people such as
sms, mms, multimedia, games,
email, internet, chatting, video
conference, GPS and many more
are already available.
Today and Beyond
Now a days, HCI is used in the
area of Cognitive Science. As
being part of the program of
cognitive science, it was to
articulate systematic and
scientifically informed
applications to be known as
"cognitive engineering".
Thus,with the help of the

Internet, medical facilities, it can
be provided remotely. Different
interactive interfaces are
designed by people in the field
to be used for the cognitive
rehabilitations.
RESEARCH TRENDS
RESEARCH TRENDS
Human-computer interaction
studies how humans make or
do not make use of
computational artifacts,
systems, and infrastructures.
RESEARCH TRENDS
Much of the research in the

field seeks to improve
human-computer interaction by
improving the usability of
computer interfaces.
RESEARCH TRENDS
How humans interact with

computers continues to
evolve rapidly.
is affected by developments
in the computing system.
RESEARCH TRENDS
These forces include:
● Decreasing hardware
costs leading to larger
memories and faster
systems.
● Miniaturization of hardware
leading to portability.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Reduction in power
requirements leading to
portability.
● New display technologies
leading to the packaging of
computational devices in
new forms.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Assimilation of computation
into the environment (e.g.,
VCRs, microwave ovens,
televisions).
● Specialized hardware
leading to new functions
(e.g., rapid text search).
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Increased development of
network communication and
distributed computing.
● Increasingly widespread use
of computers, especially by
people who are outside of
the computing profession.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Increasing innovation in
input techniques (e.g.,
voice, gesture, pen),
combined with lowering
cost, leading to rapid
computerization by people
previously left out of the
"computer revolution."
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Wider social concerns
leading to improved access
to computers by currently
disadvantaged groups (e.g.,
young children,the older
population and the
physically/visually
disabled).
RESEARCH TRENDS
Computers and related
devices have to be designed
with an understanding that
people with specific tasks in
mind will want to use them in
a way that is seamless
concerning their everyday
work.
RESEARCH TRENDS
To do this, those who design
these systems need to know
how to think in terms of the
eventual users’ tasks and
how to translate that
knowledge into an
executable system.
RESEARCH TRENDS
But there is a problem with
trying to teach the notion of
designing computers for
people.
All designers are people and
most probably, they are users
as well.
RESEARCH TRENDS
Isn't it therefore intuitive to

design for the user? Why
does it need to be taught
when we all know what a
good interface looks like?
Research Fields in HCI
Because human-computer
interaction involves transducers
between humans and machines
and humans are sensitive to
response time, viable human
interfaces are more
technology-sensitive than many
parts of computer science.
For instance, the development of
the mouse gave rise to the
point-and-click style of the editor
interface and the mouse-based
graphics program.
Partially based on the above

trends, we expect a future for
HCI with some of the following
characteristics:
1. Ubiquitous Communication.
Computers will communicate
through high-speed local
networks, nationally over
wide-area networks, and
portably via infrared, ultrasonic,
cellular, and other technologies.
Data and computational

services will be portably
accessible from many if not
most locations to which a user
travels.
2. High Functionality Systems.

Systems will have large numbers
of functions associated with them.
There will be so many systems
that most users, technical or
non-technical, will not have time
to learn them traditionally (e.g.,
through thick manuals).
3. Mass Availability of Computer

Graphics.
Computer graphics capabilities such
as image processing, graphics
transformations, rendering, and
interactive animation will become
widespread as inexpensive chips
become available for inclusion in
general workstations.
4. Mixed Media.
Systems will handle images,
voice, sounds, video, text, and
formatted data. These will be
exchangeable over
communication links among
users.
The separate worlds of
consumer electronics (e.g.,
stereo sets, VCRs, televisions)
and computers will partially
merge. Computer and print
worlds will continue to cross
assimilate each other.
5. High-bandwidth Interaction.
The rate at which humans and
machines interact will increase
substantially due to the changes
in speed, computer graphics,
new media, and new input/output
devices.
This will lead to some
qualitatively different interfaces,
such as virtual reality or
computational video.
6. Large and Thin Displays.

New display technologies will
finally mature enabling very
large displays and also
displays that are thin,
lightweight, and have low
power consumption.
This will have large effects on
portability and will enable the
development of paper-like,
pen-based computer interaction
systems very different in feel
from desktop workstations of
the present.
7. Embedded Computation.
Computation will pass beyond
desktop computers into every
object for which uses can be
found. To some extent, this
development is already taking
place.
The environment will be alive

with little computations from
computerized cooking
appliances to lighting and
plumbing fixtures to window
blinds to automobile braking
systems to greeting cards.
The difference in the future is

the addition of networked
communications that will allow
many of these embedded
computations to coordinate
with each other and with the
user.
Human interfaces to these
embedded devices will in
many cases be very
different from those
appropriate to workstations.
8. Group Interfaces.
Interfaces to allow groups of
people to coordinate will be
common (e.g., for meetings, for
engineering projects, for
authoring joint documents).
These will have major impacts

on the nature of organizations
and the division of labor. Models
of the group design process will
be embedded in systems and
will cause increased
rationalization of design.
9. User Tailorability.
Ordinary users will routinely
tailor applications to their use
and will use this power to invent
new applications based on their
understanding of their domains.
Users, with their deeper

knowledge of their knowledge
domains, will increasingly be
important sources of new
applications at the expense of
generic systems programmers
(with systems expertise but low
domain expertise).
10. Information Utilities.

Public information utilities (such
as Compuserve, home banking
and shopping, etc.) and
specialized industry services
(e.g., weather for pilots) will
continue to proliferate.
The rate of proliferation will

accelerate with the
introduction of high-bandwidth
interaction and the
improvement in the quality of
interfaces.
EXAMPLES OF NEW PRODUCT DESIGNS
ERGONOMICS
Primarily concerned with the

physical characteristics of
machines and systems, and how
these affect user performance.
HUMAN FACTORS
Incorporate the concerns of

ergonomics plus more
cognitive issues.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
“With the exception of some
embedded software and
operating system code, the
success of a software
product is determined by
the HUMANS who use the
product.”
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI deals with theoretical

and practical techniques
for making successful and
usable software.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design, it is
enough to consider :
fashionable?
● Cool
● Fashionable Co
d y ? ol?
● Trendy tren
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Design principles should

make the software more
usable for its purpose
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
The design considerations
should be:
● Easy to learn Intuitive?
● Easy to remember
● Easy to apply to new
problem
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Another good design
considerations should
Powerful?
be:
● Effective
● Efficient
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design, ask
yourself if it is:
● Easy to learn
● Easy to apply to
new problem.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
And, at the same time there
is involvement of:
● Learning
● Memory
● Problem Solving.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design products,
there are part of it all about
Cognitive Psychology in
HCI.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
But when you design and
ask yourself if it is:
● Effective and
● Efficient
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
This is on the other hand, the
other part of HCI which is all
about Engineering.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
This is why because:
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI is mostly about

experimental studies and
design techniques rather
than mathematics or
algorithms.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
You would probably asked many
questions like :
● What is the most wonderful
place in the world?
● What is the most fragrant
flower?
● What is the best prototyping tool
in the industry?
● Who is the smartest student in
the class?
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
But still, none as of today can be

proven to be the “true” or “best”
human behaviour.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
At this point, HCI can help us

understand why some software
products are good and others
are bad.
But HCI is NOT a guaranteed
formula for creating successful
products at all.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI is like ARCHITECTURE or

PRODUCT DESIGN.
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
+
CREATIVITY
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI provides an understanding

of human needs (Psychology &
other Social Sciences)
And understanding of potential
solutions (Engineering,
Architecture & Product Design)
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
The
requirements
of the user
should be the
TOP priority.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Aspects of Cognitive
Psychology
● how humans perceive the world
around them;
● how humans store and process
information and solve problems;
● how humans physically
manipulate objects.
DISCIPLINES CONTRIBUTING TO HCI
“HCI discipline is concern with

the design, evolution, and
implementation of an interactive
computer system for human use
with the study of major
phenomena surrounding them.”
HCI is:
-an academic discipline
PEOPLE COMPUTER TECH.
-a design discipline
-designing interventions for
system involving people &
technology
These
co
are the input to HCI: y
mp
h o log
uti
ng p syc
(ergonomics)
HCI
etc.
logy etc.
socio
e ss
u sin nt. Anthropology
B mg (culture, people)
&
These are the output to HCI:

ation
aliz
visu
etc. HCI CSCW

( Computer Supported
Coop. Work)
ng
rni
a Ubiquitous computing
e-le
The Human-computer interaction

field covers an extensive range of
topics and its progression is
dependent on several disciplines.
Some of the main disciplines
which have contributed
significantly to the growth of
human-computer interaction
include:
Computer Science
● technology
● software design, development &
maintenance
● User Interface Management
Systems (UIMS) & User Interface
Development Environments
(UIDE)
● prototyping tools
● graphics
Ergonomics/Human Factors
● hardware design
● display readability
DISCIPLINES CONTRIBUTING TO
HCI
Engineering & Design
● graphics design
● engineering principles
Speech-Language Pathology
● natural language interfaces
Philosophy, Sociology &

Anthropology
● Computer-supported
cooperative work (CSCW)
Social Psychology
● social & organizational
structures
HCI
Cognitive Science
● information processing
● capabilities
● limitations
● cooperative working
● performance prediction
Information Security
● integrity
● non-repudiation
● authorization
● confidentiality
● identification
● authentication
Artificial Intelligence
● intelligent software
Chess of human and artificial intelligence

GARY KASPAROV vs. DEEP BLUE
THE END
This is only the end of Lesson 1 but
actually only to start a deeper
understanding of HCI as you go on with
your individual assignment.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
Unit1- INTRODUCTION
TO
(HUMANCOMPUTER INTERACTION)
Lesson 1
HISTORY OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Human Computer
Interaction(HCI) is an
area of research and
practice that emerged in
the late 1970s and early
1980s, initially as an area
in Computer Science.
It has expanded rapidly
and steadily for almost
three decades, attracting
professionals from other
different disciplines to
incorporate diverse
concepts and approaches
to this field.
1970s- The rise of the Personal
Computer.
The broad project of cognitive
science, which incorporated
cognitive psychology, artificial
intelligence, linguistics, cognitive
anthropology, and the philosophy of
mind, had formed at the end of the
1970s.
1980s- Graphical User
Interface (GUI).
Graphical User Interface
(GUI) is the interface that
is designed for the easier
understanding of the
users of the computers.
1990s- The Internet and
Collaborative works.
The Internet started journey in
1990s. So, communications
among people became easier. In
the consequence of this, many
new technologies arrived for
better communication.
2000s- Mobile Computing
During this time, mobile phones,
PDA (Personal Development
Assistance), and Smart Phones
started and are continously
domineering the world. Wide range
of services to the people such as
sms, mms, multimedia, games,
email, internet, chatting, video
conference, GPS and many more
are already available.
Today and Beyond
Now a days, HCI is used in the
area of Cognitive Science. As
being part of the program of
cognitive science, it was to
articulate systematic and
scientifically informed
applications to be known as
"cognitive engineering".
Thus,with the help of the

Internet, medical facilities, it can
be provided remotely. Different
interactive interfaces are
designed by people in the field
to be used for the cognitive
rehabilitations.
RESEARCH TRENDS
RESEARCH TRENDS
studies how humans make or
do not make use of
computational artifacts,
systems, and infrastructures.
RESEARCH TRENDS
Much of the research in the

field seeks to improve
human-computer interaction by
improving the usability of
computer interfaces.
RESEARCH TRENDS
How humans interact with

computers continues to
evolve rapidly.
is affected by developments
in the computing system.
RESEARCH TRENDS
These forces include:
● Decreasing hardware
costs leading to larger
memories and faster
systems.
● Miniaturization of hardware
leading to portability.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Reduction in power
requirements leading to
portability.
● New display technologies
leading to the packaging of
computational devices in
new forms.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Assimilation of computation
into the environment (e.g.,
VCRs, microwave ovens,
televisions).
● Specialized hardware
leading to new functions
(e.g., rapid text search).
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Increased development of
network communication and
distributed computing.
● Increasingly widespread use
of computers, especially by
people who are outside of
the computing profession.
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Increasing innovation in
input techniques (e.g.,
voice, gesture, pen),
combined with lowering
cost, leading to rapid
computerization by people
previously left out of the
"computer revolution."
RESEARCH TRENDS
● Wider social concerns
leading to improved access
to computers by currently
disadvantaged groups (e.g.,
young children,the older
population and the
physically/visually
disabled).
RESEARCH TRENDS
Computers and related
devices have to be designed
with an understanding that
people with specific tasks in
mind will want to use them in
a way that is seamless
concerning their everyday
work.
RESEARCH TRENDS
To do this, those who design
these systems need to know
how to think in terms of the
eventual users’ tasks and
how to translate that
knowledge into an
executable system.
RESEARCH TRENDS
But there is a problem with
trying to teach the notion of
designing computers for
people.
All designers are people and
most probably, they are users
as well.
RESEARCH TRENDS
Isn't it therefore intuitive to

design for the user? Why
does it need to be taught
when we all know what a
good interface looks like?
Because human-computer
interaction involves transducers
between humans and machines
and humans are sensitive to
response time, viable human
interfaces are more
technology-sensitive than many
parts of computer science.
For instance, the development of
the mouse gave rise to the
point-and-click style of the editor
interface and the mouse-based
graphics program.
Partially based on the above

trends, we expect a future for
HCI with some of the following
characteristics:
1. Ubiquitous Communication.
Computers will communicate
through high-speed local
networks, nationally over
wide-area networks, and
portably via infrared, ultrasonic,
cellular, and other technologies.
Data and computational

services will be portably
accessible from many if not
most locations to which a user
travels.
2. High Functionality Systems.

Systems will have large numbers
of functions associated with them.
There will be so many systems
that most users, technical or
non-technical, will not have time
to learn them traditionally (e.g.,
through thick manuals).
3.Mass Availability of Computer

Graphics.
Computer graphics capabilities such
as image processing, graphics
transformations, rendering, and
interactive animation will become
widespread as inexpensive chips
become available for inclusion in
general workstations.
4.Mixed Media.
Systems will handle images,
voice, sounds, video, text, and
formatted data. These will be
exchangeable over
communication links among
users.
The separate worlds of
consumer electronics (e.g.,
stereo sets, VCRs, televisions)
and computers will partially
merge. Computer and print
worlds will continue to cross
assimilate each other.
5. High-bandwidth Interaction.
The rate at which humans and
machines interact will increase
substantially due to the changes
in speed, computer graphics,
new media, and new input/output
devices.
This will lead to some
qualitatively different interfaces,
such as virtual reality or
computational video.
6. Large and Thin Displays.

New display technologies will
finally mature enabling very
large displays and also
displays that are thin,
lightweight, and have low
power consumption.
This will have large effects on
portability and will enable the
development of paper-like,
pen-based computer interaction
systems very different in feel
from desktop workstations of
the present.
7. Embedded Computation.
Computation will pass beyond
desktop computers into every
object for which uses can be
found. To some extent, this
development is already taking
place.
The environment will be alive

with little computations from
computerized cooking
appliances to lighting and
plumbing fixtures to window
blinds to automobile braking
systems to greeting cards.
The difference in the future is

the addition of networked
communications that will allow
many of these embedded
computations to coordinate
with each other and with the
user.
Human interfaces to these
embedded devices will in
many cases be very
different from those
appropriate to workstations.
8. Group Interfaces.
Interfaces to allow groups of
people to coordinate will be
common (e.g., for meetings, for
engineering projects, for
authoring joint documents).
These will have major impacts

on the nature of organizations
and the division of labor. Models
of the group design process will
be embedded in systems and
will cause increased
rationalization of design.
9. User Tailorability.
Ordinary users will routinely
tailor applications to their use
and will use this power to invent
new applications based on their
understanding of their domains.
Users, with their deeper

knowledge of their knowledge
domains, will increasingly be
important sources of new
applications at the expense of
generic systems programmers
(with systems expertise but low
domain expertise).
10. Information Utilities.

Public information utilities (such
as Compuserve, home banking
and shopping, etc.) and
specialized industry services
(e.g., weather for pilots) will
continue to proliferate.
The rate of proliferation will

accelerate with the
introduction of high-bandwidth
interaction and the
improvement in the quality of
interfaces.
EXAMPLES OF NEW PRODUCT DESIGNS
ERGONOMICS
Primarily concerned with the

physical characteristics of
machines and systems, and how
these affect user performance.
HUMAN FACTORS
Incorporate the concerns of

ergonomics plus more
cognitive issues.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
“With the exception of some
embedded software and
operating system code, the
success of a software
product is determined by
the HUMANS who use the
product.”
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI deals with theoretical

and practical techniques
for making successful and
usable software.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design, it is
enough to consider :
fashionable?
● Cool
● Fashionable Co
d y ? ol?
● Trendy tren
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Design principles should

make the software more
usable for its purpose
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
The design considerations
should be:
● Easy to learn Intuitive?
● Easy to apply to new
problem
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Another good design
considerations should
Powerful?
be:
● Effective
● Efficient
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design, ask
yourself if it is:
● Easy to learn
● Easy to apply to
new problem.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
And, at the same time there
is involvement of:
● Learning
● Memory
● Problem Solving.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
When you design products,
there are part of it all about
Cognitive Psychology in
HCI.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
But when you design and
ask yourself if it is:
● Effective and
● Efficient
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
This is on the other hand, the
other part of HCI which is all
about Engineering.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
This is why because:
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI is mostly about

experimental studies and
design techniques rather
than mathematics or
algorithms.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
You would probably asked many
questions like :
● What is the most wonderful
place in the world?
● What is the most fragrant
flower?
● What is the best prototyping tool
in the industry?
● Who is the smartest student in
the class?
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
But still, none as of today can be

proven to be the “true” or “best”
human behaviour.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
At this point, HCI can help us

understand why some software
products are good and others
are bad.
But HCI is NOT a guaranteed
formula for creating successful
products at all.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI is like ARCHITECTURE or

PRODUCT DESIGN.
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
+
CREATIVITY
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
HCI provides an understanding

of human needs (Psychology &
other Social Sciences)
And understanding of potential
solutions (Engineering,
Architecture & Product Design)
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
The
requirements
of the user
should be the
TOP priority.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI
Aspects of Cognitive
Psychology
● how humans perceive the world
around them;
● how humans store and process
information and solve problems;
● how humans physically
manipulate objects.
“HCI discipline is concern with

the design, evolution, and
implementation of an interactive
computer system for human use
with the study of major
phenomena surrounding them.”
HCI is:
-an academic discipline
PEOPLE COMPUTER TECH.
-a design discipline
-designing interventions for
system involving people &
technology
These
co
are the input to HCI: y
mp
h o log
uti
ng p syc
(ergonomics)
HCI
etc.
logy etc.
socio
e ss
usin nt. Anthropology
B mg (culture, people)
&
These are the output to HCI:

ation
aliz
visu
etc. HCI CSCW

( Computer Supported
Coop. Work)
ng
rni
a Ubiquitous computing
e-le
The Human-computer interaction

field covers an extensive range of
topics and its progression is
dependent on several disciplines.
Some of the main disciplines
which have contributed
significantly to the growth of
human-computer interaction
include:
Computer Science
● technology
● software design, development &
maintenance
● User Interface Management
Systems (UIMS) & User Interface
Development Environments
(UIDE)
● prototyping tools
● graphics
Ergonomics/Human Factors
● hardware design
● display readability
HCI
Engineering & Design
● graphics design
● engineering principles
Speech-Language Pathology
● natural language interfaces
Philosophy, Sociology &

Anthropology
● Computer-supported
cooperative work (CSCW)
Social Psychology
● social & organizational
structures
HCI
Cognitive Science
● information processing
● capabilities
● limitations
● cooperative working
● performance prediction
● integrity
● non-repudiation
● authorization
● confidentiality
● identification
● authentication
Artificial Intelligence
● intelligent software
Chess of human and artificial intelligence

GARY KASPAROV vs. DEEP BLUE
THE END
This is only the end of Lesson 1 but
actually only to start a deeper
understanding of HCI as you go on with
your individual assignment.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

History of HCI

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Subject: IT205- Human Computer Interaction

Audience: BSIT- 2nd Year

Thus,with the help of the

Much of the research in the

How humans interact with

Isn't it therefore intuitive to

Partially based on the above

Data and computational

2. High Functionality Systems.

3. Mass Availability of Computer

6. Large and Thin Displays.

The environment will be alive

The difference in the future is

These will have major impacts

Users, with their deeper

10. Information Utilities.

The rate of proliferation will

Primarily concerned with the

Incorporate the concerns of

HCI deals with theoretical

Design principles should

HCI is mostly about

But still, none as of today can be

At this point, HCI can help us

HCI is like ARCHITECTURE or

HCI provides an understanding

“HCI discipline is concern with

These are the output to HCI:

etc. HCI CSCW

The Human-computer interaction

Philosophy, Sociology &

Chess of human and artificial intelligence

Thus,with the help of the

Much of the research in the

How humans interact with

Isn't it therefore intuitive to

Partially based on the above

Data and computational

2. High Functionality Systems.

3.Mass Availability of Computer

6. Large and Thin Displays.

The environment will be alive

The difference in the future is

These will have major impacts

Users, with their deeper

10. Information Utilities.

The rate of proliferation will

Primarily concerned with the

Incorporate the concerns of

HCI deals with theoretical

Design principles should

HCI is mostly about

But still, none as of today can be

At this point, HCI can help us

HCI is like ARCHITECTURE or

HCI provides an understanding

“HCI discipline is concern with

These are the output to HCI:

etc. HCI CSCW