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    Water-Level-Control Circuit

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    UYeMin Htike
    This document summarizes a water level controller circuit that uses 6 transistors, a NE555 timer IC, relay, and passive components to automatically start and stop a pump motor based on the water level in an overhead tank. Probe D is placed at the bottom level while probes A, B, and C are placed at full, half, and medium levels. Transistors Q1-Q3 detect the water level and turn on the corresponding LED. When the level drops below medium, Q2 turns off and triggers Q6 to energize the relay and start the pump. The relay remains energized until Q1 detects the full level and triggers the NE555 to turn off Q5 and de-energize the relay.

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    Water-Level-Control Circuit

    Uploaded by

    UYeMin Htike
    43 views2 pages
    This document summarizes a water level controller circuit that uses 6 transistors, a NE555 timer IC, relay, and passive components to automatically start and stop a pump motor based on the water level in an overhead tank. Probe D is placed at the bottom level while probes A, B, and C are placed at full, half, and medium levels. Transistors Q1-Q3 detect the water level and turn on the corresponding LED. When the level drops below medium, Q2 turns off and triggers Q6 to energize the relay and start the pump. The relay remains energized until Q1 detects the full level and triggers the NE555 to turn off Q5 and de-energize the relay.

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    water-level-control circuit

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    This document summarizes a water level controller circuit that uses 6 transistors, a NE555 timer IC, relay, and passive components to automatically start and stop a pump motor based on the water level in an overhead tank. Probe D is placed at the bottom level while probes A, B, and C are placed at full, half, and medium levels. Transistors Q1-Q3 detect the water level and turn on the corresponding LED. When the level drops below medium, Q2 turns off and triggers Q6 to energize the relay and start the pump. The relay remains energized until Q1 detects the full level and triggers the NE555 to turn off Q5 and de-energize the relay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views2 pages

    Water-Level-Control Circuit

    Uploaded by

    UYeMin Htike
    This document summarizes a water level controller circuit that uses 6 transistors, a NE555 timer IC, relay, and passive components to automatically start and stop a pump motor based on the water level in an overhead tank. Probe D is placed at the bottom level while probes A, B, and C are placed at full, half, and medium levels. Transistors Q1-Q3 detect the water level and turn on the corresponding LED. When the level drops below medium, Q2 turns off and triggers Q6 to energize the relay and start the pump. The relay remains energized until Q1 detects the full level and triggers the NE555 to turn off Q5 and de-energize the relay.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    A simple but very reliable and effective water level controller circuit diagram is shown here.

    The
    circuit uses 6 transistors, 1 NE555 timer IC, a relay and few passive components. The circuit is
    completely automatic which starts the pump motor when the water level in the over head tank
    goes below a preset level and switches OFF the pump when the water level in the over head tank
    goes above the full level.

    Probe D is positioned at the bottom level of the tank while probes A, B and C are placed at full,
    half and medium levels of the tank respectively. The level sensing part of the circuit is built
    around transistors Q1, Q2 and Q3. When water level is below the quarter level probes A, B and
    C are open and the transistor Q1, Q2 and Q3 remains OFF. When the water level rises and
    touches the probes the corresponding transistors gets biased and switches ON. Resistors R1, R2,
    R3 limit the bases current of corresponding transistors while resistors R4, R5, R6 limit their
    collector current. LEDs D1, D2 and D3 provide a visible indication of the current water level.
    When the water level goes below medium, transistor Q2 gets switches OFF and its collector goes
    positive. Collector of Q2 is connected to the base of transistor Q6 and as result transistor Q6 gets
    switched ON. Transistor Q5 will be also ON because its base in connected to the collector of Q4
    which is presently OFF. As a result when the water level goes below medium relay K1 gets
    energized and the pump is driven. The relay is wired in the latching mode so that even if the
    water level goes above medium level the pump remains ON so that the tank gets completely
    filled. For wiring the relay in latching mode one set  of N/O contacts is used. When relay is
    activated these contacts close which forms a short across collector and emitter of Q6. This makes
    the state of Q6 irrelevant to the operation of the relay and the relay remains ON as long as the
    transistor Q5 is ON. The only way to make the relay OFF is by switching OFF Q5 and it is done
    automatically when the water level reaches the full level.

    Collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the trigger pin (pin2) of IC1. When the water level
    reaches full level the transistor Q1 gets switched ON. As a result its collector goes to ground
    level which triggers the IC1 which is wired as a monostable. The output of IC1 goes high for
    about 1S. This makes the transistor Q4 ON for the same time and transistor Q5 whose base is
    connected to the collector of Q4 is switched OFF cutting the supply to the relay. This makes the
    motor OFF and it remains OFF until the water level again goes below the medium level.

    Resistor R8 is a pull up resistor for the trigger pin of the NE555. Capacitor C3 couples the
    collector of Q1 to the trigger pin of NE555 and facilitates edge triggering whenever the transistor
    Q1 goes ON. A monostable circuit can be made edge triggered by connecting the trigger signal
    to the trigger input pin through a capacitor. The capacitor blocks DC and passes sudden changes.
    The circuit used here is termed as negative edge triggered because the monostable is triggered
    when ever the trigger input signal falls. R10 and R12 limits the collector current of Q4 and Q5
    respectively while R9 and R11 limits their base current. R13 limits the base current of Q6 while
    D4 is a freewheeling diode which protects the switching transistors from voltage transients.

    Circuit diagram.
    The probes can be arranged as shown in the diagram above. Insulated Aluminium wires can be
    used as the probes. The probes can be binded on a plastic rod and should be erected vertically
    inside the tank. The length of the probes wires and the supporting plastic rod must be chosen
    according to the depth of the tank. Since DC is used in the level sensing section electrolysis will
    occur in the probes and so the probes require small maintenances in 1 or 2 month intervals.
    Using AC in the sensing section will completely eliminates the chance of electrolysis and I am
    presently working on such a circuit. You can expect it soon.

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