Quality Circle in Human Resource Report

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CHAPTER 1
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1.1 Introduction:
The concept of Quality Circle has emerged from the Quality Control
Comprehensive Quality Control is the effort of an organization to develop, design,
manufacturer, inspect. market and service products that will satisfy the customers.
Quality Circle (QC) is another form of empowerment and participation.
Due to Globalization in the field of information technology, the advancement and

applicability of organizational development has changed. To stay in competitive
market many organization has adopted Quality Circle to achieve the goals of
organization
Quality circle is one of the employee participation methods. It implies the

development of skills, capabilities, confidence and creativity of the people through
cumulative process of education, training, work experience and participation
Quality Circle has emerged as a mechanism to develop and utilize the tremendous
potential of people for improvement in product quality and productivity.
A Quality circle is a group of workers who do the same or similar work, who meet
regularly to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems. The group is usually
led by a supervisor or manager They meet regularly on company time and are
trained by competent persons may be personnel and industrial relations specialists
trained in human factors and the basic skills of problem identification, the quality
circle had been in operation with different name in India the credit of developing
the concept has gone to the union of Japanese scientist and Engineers.
SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 1

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Non-application of the science of Bhagavad Gita and Vedas to industrial and

business organization is one of the reason for dependence of Indian organizations
on the techniques developed in foreign countries.
1.2 Meaning:
Quality Circle(QC) is a group of employees, who meet regularly to discuss work-
related issues and to offer suggestions and ideas for improvement, recommend
solutions and take corrective actions.
Generally, QC is a small group of employees belonging to the small similar work

area
Generally, six to eight members are considered the ideal size of the Quality Circle.
Quality Circle is one of the newest techniques used successfully to improve
productivity. A voluntary group of six to eight employees or even more members
who performs the similar or related work is a circle. Their duties are to meet on a
regular basis to identify, analyse and develop solutions to a variety of their work-
related problems.
Quality circle was originally described by W. Edwards Deming in the 1950s,

Deming praised Toyota as an example of the practice. The idea was later formalized
across japan in 1962 and expanded by others such as Kaoru Ishikawa. The Japanese
Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) coordinated the movement in Japan. The
first circles started at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company, the idea then
spread to more than 35 other companies in the first year. By 1978 it was claimed
that there were more than one million quality circles involving some 10 million
Japanese workers. As of 2015 they operate in most East Asian countries.

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1.3 Features of Quality Circles:
• Voluntary Groups: Quality Circle is a voluntary group of employees

generally coming from the same work area. There is no pressure from anywhere on
employees to join Quality Circle.
• Small Size: The size of the Quality Circle is generally small consisting of six
to eight members.
• Regular Meeting: Quality Circle meetings are held once a week for about an
hour on regular basis. The members meet during working hours usually at the end
of the working day in consultation with the manager. The time of the meetings is
usually fixed in advance in consultation with the manager and members.
• Independent Agenda: Each Quality Circle has its own agenda with its own
terms of reference. Accordingly, each Quality Circle discusses its own problems
and takes corrective actions.
• Quality Focused: As per the very nature and intent of QC, it focuses
exclusively on quality issues. This is because the ultimate purpose of QC is
improvement in quality of product and working life.

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1.4 Objectives of Quality Circles:

 To improve quality, productivity, safety and cost reduction.
 To give chance to the employees to use their wisdom and creativity.
 To encourage team spirit, cohesive culture among different levels and sections
of the employees.
 To promote self and mutual development including leadership quality.
 To fulfil the self-esteem and motivational needs of employees.
 To improve the quality of work-life of employees.
 To study the employees’ perception towards organization working environment.
 To ascertain the problem of the employees in the organization.
 To study various activities carried on Quality Circle in organization.
 The Research is to find the positive and negative effects of Quality Circle,
problems of Quality Circle.
 To study objectives of Quality Circle in organization.

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 To Study about meetings carried out in an organization and various decision

taken in meeting of Quality Circle.
 To understand the Procedure and purpose of Quality Circle at organization.
 To analyse the problem faced by Quality Circle at organization.
 To examine the advantages of having Quality Circle at organization.
1.5 Steps for Setting up Quality Circles:

 First of all, Managers, Supervisors and Foremen must be made to understand
the concepts and activities of Q.C.
 Management's total support and commitment should be made known to

everyone in the organisation.
 Steering committee is formed with the top management personnel to give

direction to Quality Circle activities.
 A facilitator (or sometimes known as promoter) is selected from the senior

management level, who will serve as coordinator and advisor to the circle.
 Supervisor and foreman are then trained to act as Q.C. leaders.
 Members of each circle must be selected from the persons who are doing similar
type of work or belong to the same department or section.

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 Membership to the circle is voluntary.
 First few meetings of the circle are held with a view to train them.
 To start with, only one to two circles should be formed in an organisation, and
then increase the number gradually as more and more experience is gained.
 Meetings must be held regularly, may be once in a week initially and once in a
month on completion of basic training of members.
 Everyone's suggestion or problem objectives is matching with the circle's

discussed.
 Total participation of team members must be encouraged.
 Recommendations of the circle must be considered and decisions

should be taken without delay.
1.6 Characteristics of Effective Quality Circles:

The atmosphere should be informal, comfortable and relaxed. The members should
feel involved and interested.
 Everyone should participate.
 The objectives should be clear to the members.
 The members should listen to each other.

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 The group should feel comfortable even when there are disagreements.
 The decisions should generally be taken by a kind of consensus and voting

should be minimum.
 When an action is required to be taken, clear assignments should be made and

accepted by all the members.
 The leader should not dominate the group. The main idea should not be as to
who controls but how to get the job done.
1.7 Scope of The Study:

Facilitating all the eligible employees of Company to participate in the Quality
Circle movement, Through the participation by workers in Quality Circles is
voluntary, the role of QA is to encourage the formation of Quality Circle and to
nurture them to take up improvement activities /solving the problem in their
respective functions, providing platform for presenting the Improvement made.
Participative management refers to the intimate involvement of all members of a

company in the management process, thus deemphasizing traditional top-down
management methods. In other words, managers set policies and make key decision
only with the inputs and guidance of the subordinates who will have to implement
and adhere to the directives. This technique improves upper management's grasp of
operations and, more importantly, is an important motivator for workers who begins
to feel like they have control and ownership of the process in which they participate.
Continuous process improvement, the second characteristics, entails the recognition
of small, incremental gains towards the goal of total quality. Large gains are
accomplished by small, sustainable improvements over a long term. This concept

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necessitates a long-term approach by managers and the willingness to invest in the

present for benefits that manifest themselves in the future.
 If the questionnaire was prepared in vernacular languages, then more

information can be obtained.
 If time period is increased the researcher can obtain more detailed information.
 This Research provides researcher with an opportunity to explore in the field of

Human Resource.
 This Research also provides the feedback of people involved in the organization.
1.8 Need for the Study:

The following are the reasons for carrying out research study (Quality Circle) in the
field of HR, which is the significant factor for understanding the in-depth of the
research topics Quality Circle helps in all round development of the employee in
the sphere of quality management. It promotes leadership qualities among the
employees through participation in quality circle management. Such active
participation gives them the recognition in the organisation, which in turn gives job
satisfaction to the employee and ultimately the organisation is benefitted out of it.
 Self-development,
 Promote leadership qualities among participants.

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 Recognition.
 Achievement satisfaction.
 Promotes group/team working.
 Promotes continuous improvement in products and services.
1.9 Process of Study:
 Problem Identification: Identify a number of problems.
 Problem Selection: Decide the priority and select the problem to be

taken up first.
 Problem Analysis: Problem is clarified and analysed by basic problem

solving methods
 Generate alternative solutions: Identify and evaluate causes and

generate number of possible alternative solutions.
 Select the most appropriate solution: Discuss and evaluate the

alternative solution by comparison in terms of investment and return from
the investment.

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This enables to select the most appropriate solution.
 Prepare plan of action: Prepare plan of action for converting the

solution into reality which includes the considerations "who, what, when,
where, why, and how" of solving problems
 Present solution to management circle members: Present

solution to management for approval.
 Implementation of solution: The management evaluates the

recommendation solution, then it is tested and if successful, implemented on
a full scale.
1.10 Benefits through Study of Quality Circle:

Through the forum of Q.C. the chronic problems of organisations which really
create hurdles in work get resolved by the grass root employees of organisation,
whose knowledge and experience otherwise is not fully utilized with such a capable
work force, any organisation can easily undertake more difficult and challenging
assignments for its growth and profit.
As the employees gain experience they take more challenging projects, in due
course they undertake projects on cost reduction, material handling, quality
improvement, preventing wastage, improving delivery schedule, improving
customer service, improving inspection and test methods, preventing accidents
improving design and process etc.

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 Production Improvement: Through Quality Circle there is improvement

in quality of product by proper utilization of resources and by proper team work
 Customer Satisfaction: Because of Quality Circle the product quality is

maintained and by this customer satisfaction is increase and also there is
reduction in customer complaints
 Financial Savings: By proper planning and employee participation in the

work, there is reduction in waste and by this quantity and quality of the product
is maintain and financial saving is increased.
 Improved Company Performance: Through Quality Circle, Company

performance is also increases by making proper plans, by solving the problems
which are occur in the organization
 Increases Accuracy: Members of Quality Circles get extensive training of

the work. They follow problem solving techniques such as brain storming, data
collection and analysis and because of this in whole work accuracy is maintained
and by this organization goals are also achieved.
 Team Work: It helps to eradicate inter-team conflicts and clashes and

enhance the concept of team spirit
 Positive Attitude: Employees start working with a positive attitude towards

work. assuming it as their own work. They develop a “Can Do” and “I care
attitude”.

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 Personality advancement: Quality circle practice helps to learn new skills

and also brings out the hidden potential of employees.
 Positive working environment: It improves the organizational working

environment and involves employees in every process, right from a small
decision to a big deal.
 Increased productivity: It helps in increasing overall productivity of

organization by improvement of work processes and reduction of excessive
costs. They increase operational efficiency, improve quality, and promote
innovation.
► Cost reduction
► Increased productivity.
► Improved quality.
► Better communication.
► Better house-keeping.
► Increased team work.

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1.11 Limitation of Study:

Quality Control as is evidently clear is a post facto exercise. It is something like
finding faults or shortcomings in a product that has been built manufactured or
designed in its completeness. Drawback of QC is that it does nothing more than a
post-mortem of the product. Whatever is the case, the number of defects identified
in a product demand for exponential efforts thereby reducing margins, profits and
time with an increase in input costs?
If efforts estimations are calculated, the amount of efforts increase manifold with
the development stage at which defect identification calls for a minimal amount of
efforts and will not have any substantial impact of delay in delivery? The later a bug
or defect is identified, the worse it becomes for product, team and customer It is
quite clear that disassembling of a product for a defect rectification and then
assembling it back to original always leave some gaps in terms of quality and
productivity of that product. The more number of times a product is fiddled with for
fixing of bugs or defects more are the chances of it going downgraded in terms of
quality and integrity. And moreover Quality Control limitations are generally
focused only these factors:
 Lack of faith in and support to Quality Circle activities among management

personnel
 Lack of interest or incompetence of leaders/facilitator
 Not Truly Volunteers.
 After circle implantation a period of confusion may arise. This is because people
experiment with new ideas, new skills and new roll.

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 Irregularity of Quality Circle Activities Lack of or non-participation by some

members in the Circle activities. Inadequate Training.
 Time factor can be considered as a main limitation
 Sample size is limited to 50 numbers. Hence, it can't be generalized to other

organization
 Area of the study is confined to the employees of the Organization only.
 The findings of the study are subjected to bias and prejudice of the respondent.
 Overall productivity may decrease initially because technology is always

upgrade
1.12 Quality Improvement

Quality Improvement is concerned with raising the quality of a product or service,
Quality improvement is therefore primarily concerned with self rather than with
others. Processes focused on quality improvement are also focused more on specific
aspects of an organizational unit's performance. It is usually the case that constraints
dictate that efforts at improvement need to be targeted at areas of greatest need

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1.13 Chapter scheme
1. Chapter-One (Introduction)
The first chapter THEORECTICAL ASPECTS includes introduction about the
study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, scope of the study,
limitations of the study and review of literature of the study.
2. Chapter-Two (Company Profile)
The second chapter is COMPANY PROFILE which gives a board overview of

the history, background and chairman, board of directors, service details and
images of the various services provided and also hotels hospitality goals and
vision
3. Chapter-Three (Research Methodology)
The third chapter RESEARCH METHODOLOGY which contains theory of

research methodology, research design, methods of data collection and
formation of questionnaire and study of the geographical area.
4. Chapter-Four (Data Analysis and Interpretation)
The fourth Chapter is DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION gives the

detailed description of the analysis and interpretation of the data was collected
from the respondents through tabulations, classifications, coding and
percentage.
5. Chapter-Five (Findings, Conclusion and Suggestions)
The fifth chapter is about FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

of the study.

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CHAPTER 2
COMPANY PROFILE
2.1 HISTORY OF COMPANY:
 JBF Industries Ltd. stands on a gleaming pinnacle of success as an industry

leader in the Polyester Industry value chain today.
 Established in 1982, JBF Industries was founded by Mr. Bhagirathi Arya as
a Yarn Texturizing company, and since then has backward integrated into
manufacturing Partially Oriented Yarn (POY), Polyester (BOPET) Film and
also various types of Bottle grade, Film grade and Textile Grade Polyester
chips.
 JBF became a public limited company in the year 1986. The company has
attained phenomenal growth since it became a public limited company,
which is substantiated by a 250 times increase in its turnover since.
 Today, JBF is one of the leading Polyester value chain company`s not only
in India and abroad. Despite company`s focus on Indian market, it never lost
the opportunity to cater to the growing polyester markets globally. The
company is amongst the Top 5 Domestic market leaders in Textile grade
chips, Bottle grade chips and Partially Oriented Yarn. Internationally also,
JBF is amongst the Top 10 manufacturers of Bottle grade chips and
Polyester Films. JBF's brand value has made its products well accepted with
a majority of domestic customers as well as many multinational
corporations.

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 JBF has always maintained its commitment to quality and its customers. The
company has been accredited with ISO 9001 system of quality standards and
also ISO 14001 certificate for environmental management.
2.2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
Name Designation Category
Executive
Mr. Bhagirath C Arya Executive Chairman &
Promoter
Vice Chairman& Managing

Mr. Nilesh K. Shah Executive
Director
Mr. Seetharam N. Shetty Additional Director Executive
Mr. Sanjay Thapliyal Additional Director Executive

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Name Designation Category
Non-
Executive
Mrs. Sangita V. Chudiwala Director
&
Independent
Non-
Executive
Mr. Sharadchandra N.
Director
Thakkar &
Independent
Non-
Executive
Mr. Ravi A. Dalmia Director
&
Independent

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2.3 CODE OF CONDUCT:
 FOR BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics helps ensure compliance with legal
requirements and our standards of business conduct. With a view to maintain the
high standards that the Company requires, the following rules/code of conduct
should be observed in all activities of the Board. The Company appoints the
Company Secretary as Compliance Officer for the purpose of the code, who will be
available to Directors and senior management to answer questions and to help them
comply with the code.
All Directors of the Company must act within the bounds of the authority conferred
upon them and with a duty to make and enact informed decisions and policies in the
best interest of the Company and its shareholders/ stakeholders. This Code of
Business Conduct and Ethics is subject to modification. This Code of Business
Conduct and Ethics supersedes all other such codes, policies, procedures,
instructions, practices, rules or written or verbal representations to the extent they
are inconsistent.
Directors are required to comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, both
in letter and in spirit. In order to assist the Company in promoting lawful and ethical
behaviour, Directors must be alert to possible violations and report any possible
violation of laws, rules, regulations or the code of conduct to the Company
secretary. Directors must cooperate in any internal or external investigations of
possible violations.

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 FOR SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES:
This Code of Conduct and Ethics helps ensure compliance with legal requirements
and our standards of business conduct. For the purpose of this Code, all references
to 'employee/s' are to be understood to also include senior management personnel
of the Company.
All Company employees are expected to read and understand this Code of Conduct
and Ethics, uphold these standards in day-to-day activities, comply with all
applicable policies and procedures, and ensure that all agents and contractors are
aware of, understand and adhere to these standards.
As an employee, your responsibility is to respect and adhere to these practices.

Many of these practices reflect legal or regulatory requirements. Violations of these
laws and regulations can create significant liability for you, the Company, its
directors, officers, and other employees.
The Company expects all employees, agents and contractors to exercise good
judgment ensure the safety and welfare of employees, agents and contractors and to
maintain a cooperative, efficient, positive, harmonious and productive work
environment and business organization. These standards apply while working on
the Company's premises, at offsite locations where business is conducted, at
Company-sponsored business and social events, or at any other place where the
employee represents the Company. Employees, agents or contractors who engage
in misconduct or whose performance is unsatisfactory may be subject to corrective
action, up to and including termination.

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2.4 PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY:
 Polyester & It's Applications:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used food grade
packaging polymer due to its chemical inertness and appealing physical properties.
Its properties as a lightweight, tough material with excellent optical properties and
adequate gas barrier performance makes it attractive for various applications such
as mineral water, soda drinks, APET sheets, pharma applications etc.
Bottled water is the fastest growing beverage industry in the world according to the
international bottled water association (IBWA), sales of bottled water have
increased by 500 percent over the last decade.

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 POLYSTER CHIPS:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used food grade
packaging polymer due to its chemical inertness and appealing physical properties.
Its properties as a lightweight, tough material with excellent optical properties and
adequate gas barrier performance makes it attractive for various applications such
as mineral water, soda drinks, APET sheets, pharm applications etc.
Bottled water is the fastest growing beverage industry in the world according to the
international bottled water association (IBWA), sales of bottled water have
increased by 500 percent over the last decade.
 JBF Industries
Ltd. is today's
largest supplier of
Polyester Chips in
Indian domestic
market with a
dominant presence
in textile grade chips
and film grade bright chips.
 PARTIALLY ORIENTED YARN{POY}:
JBF is the third largest Partially Oriented Yarn (POY) producer in India and is
recognized for its quality, commitment and service.
JBF is offering both Black Dope Dyed POY and Raw White POY in the denier
range starting from 50 Denier to 500 Denier.
The product can be made in various numbers of filaments ranging from 14 to 144.

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JBF's POY has gained wide acceptability among the Texturisers both in India as
well as Globally because of the following:
 POY can be texturized on high speed machines at 1000 Meters per minute
and above
 All POY spools are with tail transfer increasing the efficiency and
productivity
 All POY is intermingled making it capable to run on high speed machines
without any breakages.
 Quality: Apart from this, entire POY production is backed with the ISO 9001
systems of quality management thus ensuring enduring quality and complete
customer satisfaction.
ABOUT:
Partially oriented yarn is produced from the melting and extrusion (melt spinning)
of the polyester chip or flake. During the spinning process the filaments are
stretched or drawn as much as five times their original size to orient the polymer to
meet the desired evenness, strength, shrinkage, and elongation properties. So the
term partially oriented yarn refers to multi-filament that is only partially stretched.
POY is generally lower tenacity and less uniform than fully oriented yarn
(POY). POY is mainly used in texturizing to make textured yarn and can also be
used in draw warping for weaving and warp knitting of fibre

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2.5 VISION:
 After commencement, JBF would become the only PTA integrated Polyester
company in India other than Reliance Industries Ltd.
 JBF’s current total PTA requirements is more than 800,000 MT p.a.
 JBF’s Mangalore PTA plant would be able to meet all of JBF’s internal PTA
requirement.
2.6 MISSION:
 JBF expects to save ₹715 - ₹1072.5 per ton in freight for its RAK facility,
due to reduction in logistical costs that it incurs currently by procuring PTA
from South East Asia.
 JBF currently consumes -800-900 KT p.a. of PTA globally and maintains an
average of 10-15 days of inventory, this would reduce to less than 5 days.
 Imports to JBF RAK and India take 3-4 weeks’ delivery time currently,
which would reduce to 3-5 days RAK and 1-2 days to India.

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2.7 OVERVIEW:
 Industries is a global company engaged in the production of JBF the
polyester value chain.
 Current polymerisation capacity of 1.04 MMT p.a. and downstream capacity
of 381 KMT p.a.
 Operate out of 3 domestic facilities, 1 in Gujarat and 2 in Silvassa, and 1
overseas facility in Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.
 Promoted by Mr. Bhagirath C. Arya, a technocrat entrepreneur.
 Listed on the BSE and NSE with a market cap of INR 5,334.4 mn {as on
October 31,2013}
2.8 MARKETS:
 Indian facilities cater to the Indian and exports markets.
 2nd largest domestic supplier of textile grade chips with a capacity share of
20%.
 3rd largest domestic supplier of bottle grade chips with a capacity share of
20%.
 3rd largest domestic supplier of Polyester Yarn with a capacity share of 15%.
 RAK facility (Bottle grade chips and Films) caters to European, MEAF and
North American markets.
 Market share of 70% in the UAE and 45% in GCC region in the Bottle grade
chips segment.

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2.9 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY COMMITTEE

{CSR}:
 The Committee has been constituted to administer CSR activities as per the
Companies Act, 2013
 The CSR Committee comprises of One Independent and Non-Executive
Director and Two Executive Directors namely Mr. Rakesh Gothi
{chairman} Mr.B.R. Gupta and Mr.N. K Shah as members.
 Composition of Corporate Social Responsibility Committee and attendance
of each other member of the CSR Committee meeting held during the year.
 CSR programmes and projects of the company are aimed at serving the
deserving, socio-economically backward and disadvantaged communities to
improve quality of their lives. The company had also taken initiatives such
as girl child education, construction of toilets and sanitation facilities and
rural development projects under its CSR programs.

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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a
plan of action for a research and explains in detail how data are collected and
analysed. It can cover a wide range of studies from simple description and
investigation to the construction experiment. It can be understood as science of
studying how research is done of the sophisticated scientifically
3.2 MEANING OF RESEARCH:

Research is an extensive and careful investigation of a given phenomenon with a
specific goal of enhancing one's knowledge level. It is a practical activity intended
to find out things about business matters in a systematic and logical way. Research
is a careful, patient, systematic, diligent enquiry or examination in some field of
knowledge undertaken to establish facts or principles.
Thus, research is an organized and systematic approach of finding solutions to

problem or finding answers to questions.
3.3 DEFINITION OF RESESRCH METHODOLOGY:
“Research is a systematic investigation to find solution to a problem.”

-ROBERT BURNS
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business
decisions. The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys
and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical
information.

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3.4 NATURE OF RESEARCH:
 It’s strive to be objective and logical.

 It is directed to words the solution of the problem.
 It is carefully recorded and reported.
 It demands accurate observation, reservation and description.
 It requires expertise.
3.5 CHARACTERISTICS:
 Research starts with a problem and it is directed to words the solution of a

problem. It may attempt to answer the question.
 Research demand a carefully thought out problem.
 Research is based upon empirical evidence.
 Research requires a strong determination to know the unknown.
 Research attempt to interpret fact.
 Research is a cyclic process.
 Research demand accurate observation and description.
 Research requires a system or method.
3.6 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH:
A research may be undertaken with the following purpose: to describe, to explain,

understood, foresee, criticize, or analyse already existing knowledge phenomenon
is social science.
 To minimize risks.
 To save time and money during start-up.
 To learn where and how to sell the product or services.
 To learn where and how to produce and distribute the product or service.
 To determine what it will cost to run the business and how to plan to cover costs.

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3.7 IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH:

1) Research helps to upgrade knowledge.
2) Research improves the chances of achieving specific goals.
3) Research bridges the communication gap.
4) Research is necessary for making important decisions.
5) Research aids in decision making.
3.8 TYPES OF RESEARCH:
1. Applied Research:
It is carried out to find the solutions to a real life problem that needs immediate
action or policy decision. It is problem oriented and action directed which seeks
immediate and practical results.
2. Qualitative Research:
It refers to a study based on qualitative data in order to get insights into problems
and their solution. These involve direct observation of behaviour or going through
transcripts or undertaking unstructured interviews and subsequently analysing them.
3. Quantitative research:
It refers to a study based on quantitative data in order to get the insight into problems
and their solutions. This research study measures variables using numeric scales and
helps in precise measurement of data, for knowing trends for comparison studies.

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4. Descriptive Research:
Descriptive research concentrates on finding facts to ascertain the nature of
something as it exists. It includes fact finding investigation and surveys of various
kinds.
5. Experimental research:
A research is conducted by comparing control and experimental groups and
controlling one or more variable. While the consequence of one variable is observed
the others are assumed constant.
6. Business Research:
It is undertaken in the areas of business operations which assist in better managerial
decision making. This refers to any kind of research done during the launch of a
start-up or for running any brand of the business.
3.9 Research Design:

A research design is a structure of the research which indicates that all the major
elements of the research have been designed to work together. Research design is
the systematic and logical planning and directing of a piece of arch. Decisions
regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning an inquiry or
a research study constitute a research design.
Research design is important because:
1) The main aim of preparation of research design is to set up a direction to the

study.

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2) Formulation of research design helps in avoiding possible errors in regards to

research problem.
3) Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth implementation of the

any research activities.
4) A good research design reduces the inaccuracy, uncertainty and confusion related
to any research problem.
5) A research plan decides the boundaries of research activities.
3.10 Sampling:
The process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that the
individuals represent the larger group from which they were selected is known as
sampling.
Definition:
According to Mildred Parton, "Sampling is the process or the method of

drawing a definite number of the individuals, cases or observations from a particular
universe for investigation."
• SAMPLING METHOD:
In sample method, data is collected from the sample selected on random basis from
the given population for examination and conclusion.

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• SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size taken for the study is 60.
• SAMPLE AREA:
The research was conducted at JBF Industries Pvt.Ltd (Sarigam)
SOURCES OF DATA:
If any kind of research study data collection is considered as an important aspect.
Incorrect data collection can affect the consequences of the study and eventually
lead to illogical results or outcomes for conducting a good research data collection
proves to be one with vital importance. A project task would be unsuccessful if the
data collection is not up to date.
There are 2 types of data:
1) Primary data:
Primary data is the data that has been collected for the first time with specially a
purpose in mind. Such data is more reliable, genuine and objective. Primary data is
often very time consuming to assemble, and generally costs more to create than
purchasing secondary data reports. It should be relevant, current, and as impartial
as possible.
• Method of collecting Primary data:

In this research questionnaire was used for collecting Primary data.

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• Formation of Questionnaire:
One of the most commonly used methods of collection of data in research is
questionnaire. These questionnaires are formulated in such a way that they give the
core information on any subject area. Questionnaire is the inexpensive method of
data collection. Since questionnaires are submitted by a vast audience at a time, the
responses are obtained quickly. The questions should be accurate and clearly
understandable by the respondents so the responses can be accurate.
• Preparation of Questionnaire:
In questionnaire 20 questions are prepare, 6 have a demographic profile and are
related to organisational communication. All the questions are close ended.
2) Secondary data:
Secondary data collection is the most widely used method for collecting data. This
process involves collecting data from either the originator or a distributor primary
research. In short, it means finding information from third party rues such as
marketing, reports, company website, magazines, articles, and
other sources.
Secondary data was collected from company's website, other online websites
and from books.

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3.11 AREA OF THE STUDY:

Area of study where the research work was undertaken is " JBF Industries Pvt.Ltd”
Located at Sarigam, Valsad which is in Gujarat State. The population in Sarigam is
approximately 19,903 of which 10,943 are male while 8,960 are female. The
Latitude of Sarigam is 20.2860 Degree N, 72.8575 Degree E. The First production
industry setup in Sarigam in 1962.

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CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATIONS
4.1 MEANING OF DATA ANALYSIS:

Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transformation and Modelling
data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions and
supporting decision-making.
The purpose of data analysis is obtaining raw data and converting it into information
useful for decision-making by users. Data is collected and analysed to answer
questions, test hypotheses or disprove theories. Data analysis is important to
business will and no business can survive without analysing the available data. It's
considered to be the life line of business.

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4.1.1 MEANING OF INTERPRETATION:

Data Interpretation refers to the process of critiquing and determining the
Significance of important information, such as survey results, experimental
findings, observations or narrative reports. Interpreting data is an important critical
thinking that helps you comprehend text books, graphs and tables.
Interpretation is the device through which the factor that seems to explain what has
been observed by the researcher in the course of the study can be better understood
and it also provides a theoretical conception which can serve as guide.

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4.1 Age
Table no.4.1
Attributes Number of Respondents Percentage

Below 25 years 18 30
25-35 years 9 15
35-45 years 17 28
Above 45 years 16 27
Total 60 100
Figure No.1
AGE
Total Total, 100%
Above 45 years Above 45 years, 27%
35-45 years 35-45 years, 28%

percentage
25-35 years 25-35 years, 15%
Below 25 years Below 25 years, 30%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Interpretation:
The figure shows that 30% of the respondents are below the age of 25 years which
is a positive point for the organization. 15% of the respondents are between the age
of 25 -35 years,28% are between 35-45 years and 27% are above the age of 45 years.

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4.2 Gender
Table No. 2
Attributes NO. Of Respondents Percentage
Male 60 100
Female None None
Total 60 100
Figure No.2
GENDER
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Male Female Total
Percentage (%)
Interpretation:
This figure shows you that 100% of the employees are male in the organization and
none of the females work in the organization.

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4.3 Educational Qualification:
Table No 3:
Attributes Number of respondents Percentage
Schooling 9 15
Graduation 8 13
Post-Graduation 28 47
Professional 15 25
Total 60 100
Figure No.3
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
Schooling Graduation Post Graduation Professional
Schooling
Professional 15%
25%
Graduation
13%
Post Graduation
47%
Interpretation:
This figure shows that 25% of the respondents are in Schooling category, 13% of
the respondents belong to Graduation category, 47% of the respondents are in the
category of Post-Graduation and 25% of the respondents belong to the Professional
category.

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4.4 Marital Status:
Table no. 4
Married 36 60
Unmarried 24 40
Total 60 100
Figure No.4
MARITAL STATUS
70%
60%
60%
50%
40%
40%
30% Percentage (%)
20%
10%
0%
Married Unmarried
Interpretation:
This figure shows you that 60% of the respondents/employees are married in the
organisation. And rest of the 40% respondents are unmarried.

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4.5 Annual Income:
Table No. 5
Below 100000 None None
100000-300000 39 65
300000-700000 17 28
Above 700000 4 7
Total 60 100
Figure No.5
ANNUAL
65%
INCOME
70%
60%
50%
40%
28%
30%
20%
7%
10%
0%
0%
Below 100000 100000-300000 300000-700000 Above 700000
Interpretation:
This diagram represents about the annual income of the respondents in organisation.
There are none of the employees in the organisation earning below 100000. 39% of
the respondents are earning between 100000-300000 rupees where 17% of the
respondents are earning between 300000-700000 and 4% of the employees are
earning above 700000.

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4.6 Work Experience:
Table No. 6
Less than 3 years 12 20
3 to 5 Years 11 18
More than 5 years 37 62
Total 60 100
Figure No.6
WORK EXPERIENCE
Less than 3 years
20%
3 to 5 Years
More than 5 years 18%
62%
Less than 3 years 3 to 5 Years More than 5 years
Interpretation:
Research study disclose that 20% employees have a work experience of less than 3
years. 18% of the employees have a work experience 3-5 years. 62% of the
employees have worked for more than 5 years.

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4.7 Quality circle tool for maintaining the quality of production.
Table NO.7
Attributes No. of respondents Percentage
Yes 51 85
No 9 15
Total 60 100
Figure no.7
Quality circle tool for maintaining the quality of production

90 85%
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 15%
10
0
yes no
Interpretation:
This research study says that 85% of the respondents admit that their organisation
has Quality Circle tool for maintaining the quality of production and only 15% of
the respondents admit that their organisation do not have Quality Circle tool.

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4.8 Quality Circle is effective enough:
Table no. 8
Highly effective 44 73
Effective 10 17
Ineffective 6 10
Highly ineffective None None
Total 60 100
Figure no.8
Quality Circle is effective enough
73%
80
70
60
50
40
30 17%
20 10%
10 0
0
highly effective effective ineffective highly ineffective
Interpretation:
The study reveals that highest numbers of respondents i.e 73% agreed that Quality
circle is highly effective in their organisation where 17% of the respondents think
that quality circle is effective. while 7% of the respondents believes that quality
circle is ineffective, and none of the respondents thinks that quality circle is
ineffective.

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4.9 Member of quality circle :
Table no.9
Yes 40 66
No 20 34
Total 60 100
Figure no.9
Member of quality circle
34%
66%
yes no
Interpretation:
The research shows that 66% of the respondents are member of Quality Circle in
the Organisation whereas only 34% of the respondents are not member of Quality
Circle in the Organisation.

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4.10 Quality Circle develops a participative environment:
Table no. 10
Attributes No. of respondent Percentage
Always 36 60
Sometime 15 25
Rarely 9 15
Never None None
Total 60 100
Figure no. 10
Quality Circle develops a participative environment

60
40
60%
20
25%
0 15%
always 0
sometime
rarely
never
Interpretation:
The study infers that 60% of the respondents acknowledge that Quality Circle
always develops a participative environment in the organisation, whereas 25% of
the respondents reply that Quality Circle sometimes develop a participative
environment, followed by 15% of the respondents admit that quality circle develops
rarely a participative environment and none of the respondents consider quality
circle never develops a participate environment in the organisation.

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4.11 Quality circle meeting held in the organisation:
Table no. 11
Weekly 40 66
Monthly 10 17
Half-yearly 4 7
Rarely 6 10
Total 60 100
Figure no.11
Quality circle meeting held in the organisation
10%
7%
17%
66%
weekly monthky half-yearly rarely
Interpretation:
The study reveals that highest number of respondents 40% admit that Quality circle
meeting is held weekly whereas 17% of the respondents disclose that quality circle
meeting is held monthly. In addition to these 7% of the respondents confirmed that
meeting is done half-yearly and 10% of the respondents responded the meeting is
being held rarely.

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4.12 Purpose of Quality circle:
Table no.12
Improvement in quality of 30 50
product
Develop team work 12 20
Improve in the methods of 12 20

production
Promoting morale of 6 10
employees
Total 60 100
Figure no.12
Purpose of Quality circle

60
50%
50
40
30
20% 20%
20
10%
10
0
improvement in quqlity of develop team work improve in the methods of promoting morale of
product production employees
Interpretation:
The study discloses that 50% of the respondents admits that the main purpose of QC
in the organisation is to improve the quality of the product while 20% of the
respondents consider that the main purpose is to develop team work whereas 205 of
the respondents possess to bring improvement in the methods of the production and
only 10% of the respondents stated the purpose of QC is to promote the morale of
the employees.

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4.13 Problem Faced by Quality Circle:
Table no.13
Lack of management 20 34
interest
Inadequate training 10 17
Lack of knowledge 10 17
All of above 20 32
Total 60 100
Figure no. 13
Problem Faced by Quality Circle

40
34%
35 32%
30
25
20 17% 17%
15
10
5
0
lack of management inadequate trainning lack of knoeledge all of above
interest
Interpretation:
Research study infers that 34% of the respondents agree that due to lack of
management interest, problems can occur in the quality circle followed by it 17%
of the respondents reveals that because of inadequate training problem can be
occurred, and 17% of the respondents admit that because of lack of knowledge
problem can occur while 32% of the respondents stated that due to all the above
points problems can faced Quality circle.

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4.14: Solution of Problem Related to Quality Production:
Table No. 14
Yes 30 50
No None None
Somewhat None None
Rarely 30 50
Total 60 100
Figure no.14
Solution of Problem Related to Quality Production
50% 50%
0%
yes no somewhat rarely
Interpretation:
This Research shows about whether the problem faced by the HR of the organisation
is been solved or been neglected. And the respondents answer for such is that 50%
of the Employees agrees for the solution of the problems are cleared by Quality
Circle, whereas, 50% of the Employees states for Rarely solution of the problem is
been held by the Quality Circle.

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4.15 Direct Access to Highest Level of Quality Circle:
Table no 15
Always None None
Sometime 30 50
Rarely 30 50
Never None None
Total 60 100
Figure no.15
Direct Access to Highest Level of Quality Circle
never 0
rarely 50%
sometime 50%
always 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Interpretation:
The Study Shows about the Direct Access of the Quality Circle to the Highest
Department of the organisation where the members of Quality Circle have stated as
50% of the respondents Agrees for sometimes contact to the Highest Department
whereas, 50% of the Employees agrees for rarely contact to the Highest Department.

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4.16 Other Quality Practices Applied for HR:
Table No 16
Quality control 16 27
Customer satisfaction 24 40
Benchmarking None None
JIT inventory 20 33
Total 60 100
Figure no.16
OTHER QUALITY PRACTICES APPLIED FOR HR

quality control
JIT inventory 27%
33%
benchmarking
0% customer
satisfaction
40%
Interpretation:
Research prefers for the other activities or training programs arranged by the
organisation for employees to enhance their efficiency and productivity where 27%
of the Employees responded for Quality circle, and 40% of the Employees goes for
the practising of quality product for customer satisfaction, and 33% of the
Employees believes for JIT that is Just in Time Inventory system for the
Organisation.

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4.17 Benefits of Quality Circle:
Table No. 17
Improved production 30 50
Improve morale 15 25
Increased market share None None
Less waste 15 25
Total 60 100
Figure no.17
Benefits of Quality Circle
less waste 25%
increased market share 0
improve morale 25%
improved production 50%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Interpretation:
The Study Reveals the, 50% of the respondents experienced whereas 25% of the
respondent believes for increase in morale has happened due to Quality Circle where
other states as 25% respondent follows for decrease in wastage has happened due to
it.

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4.18 Helpful in Cost Reduction and Increase Productivity:
Table no 18
Highly agree 20 34
Agree 40 66
Disagree None None
Highly disagree None None
Total 60 100
Figure no.18
Helpful in Cost Reduction and Increase Productivity

70% 66%
60%
50%
40%
34%
Percentage (%)
30%
20%
10%
0 0
0%
highly agree agree disagree highly disagree
Interpretation:
The Research shows for the respondent reviews for Quality Circle improvement
where 34% of the respondents highly agrees and 66% Agrees that Cost Reduction
and Increase in productive happened for the organisation.

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4.19 Quality Records of Inspection Personnel are included:
Table No 19
Yes 60 100
Sometimes None None
Rarely None None
Never None None
Total 60 100
Figure no.19
Quality Records of Inspection Personnel are included

120
100
100%
80
60
40
20
0 0 0
0
yes sometimes rarely never
Interpretation:
The discloses about the Training and Qualification of the Inspection Personnel is
maintained in the quality records as it is important to be well qualified and trained
to control and judge problems. Here 100% of the respondents claims for the Yes
about the quality records.

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4.20 Vision Testing on Inspection Personnel
Table No 20
Yes 60 100
No None None
Total 60 100
Figure no.20
VISION TESTING ON INSPECTION PERSONNEL

yes no
0%
100%
Interpretation:
This study is asked about are the records of the vision testing on personnel is held
while inspection personnel was programs his inspection operation and 100% of the
respondents addresses for Yes in the answer of it.

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5.1 FINDINGS
After analyzing the data provided by the respondents, the researcher has come up
with the following findings which can be explained as under:
1. Age:
Majority of the respondent below the age group of 45 years is (73%) while (27%)
of the respondents is above the age group of 45 years.
2. Gender:
It has been observed that (100%) of the respondents are male; while (0%) of the
respondents are female in the organization.
3. Educational Qualification:
Majority of the respondent i.e. (13%) of them are graduate, (47%) are post graduate,
(25%) are professional, while (15%) of the respondent possess school qualification.
4. Marital Status:
It was observed that (60%) of the respondents were married, where (40%) of the
respondents were unmarried.
5. Annual Income:
(7%) of the respondent had an annual income more than 700,000 while (93%) of
the respondents’ annual income is less than 800,000.

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6. Work Experience:
Most of the respondents with (38%) are below the work experience of 5 years while
only (62%) of the respondents have work experiences of more than 5 years.
7. Tool for maintaining quality of production:

(85%) of the respondents are admit that their organization has quality circle tool
only (15%) of the respondents did not admit.
8. Quality Circle is effective enough:

(90%) of the respondents agreed that Quality Circle is effective enough while only
(10%) of the respondents are not agreed that Quality Circle is effective enough in
their organization.
9. Member of Quality Circle:

(66%) of the respondents are member of Quality Circle, only (34%) of the
respondents are not a member of Quality Circle in their organization.
10. Quality Circle Develops a Participative Environment:

Highest number of the respondents i.e. (60%) admits that there is always a
participative environment due to quality circle whereas (25%) of the respondents
stated for sometimes for such environment, and (15%) of the respondents claims for
rarely cases of such environment in the organisation.
11. Quality Circle Meetings held in Organisation:

Prominently (66%) of the respondent says that weekly meetings are been held in the
organization, where (17%) are for monthly meetings, and (7%) says that half-yearly

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meetings are hold in the organisation, while (10%) says that rarely meetings are
held.
12. Purpose of Quality Circle:

Highest number of respondents i.e. (50%) claims that it improves quality of the
product while (20%) felt that it develops team work in the employees also (20%) of
the respondents believes that improves in the methods of production, while (10%)
of the respondents thinks that it promotes employees’ morale.
13. Problems faced by Quality Circle:

(34%) of the respondents believes that the problem faced by quality circle are
because of lack of management interest, and (17%) claims for inadequate training
and lack of knowledge, while (32%) believes in the all of the problem mentioned
before can be a factor for such problems.
14. Quality Circle solve problem related to quality production:

Most of the respondents i.e. (50%) accepted that Quality Circle is able to solve the
problems related to quality productions, whereas (50%) of the respondents possess
that Quality Circle is rarely able to solve the problem.
15. Direct Access to Highest Level of Quality Circle:

It was observed that (50%) of the respondents feel that sometimes Quality Circle
have direct access to Highest Level Department of the organization, while (50%) of
the respondent felt that there are rarely chances of direct access of Quality Circle of
the organization.

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16. Other Quality Practices applied for HR:

Here (27%) of the respondents voted for Quality Circle and compare to it only
(40%) of them stated that they are teached for customer satisfaction, while (33%)
believes in JIT Inventory.
17. Benefits for Quality Circle members:

Almost (50%) of the respondents felt that employee orientation helps to improve
the production and (25%) says that it improves employees’ morale which make
work place happy, while other (25%) stated that by doing this less waste is
produced.
18. Quality Circle helps in cost reductions and increased

productivity:
Majority of the respondents i.e. (100%) agree that Quality Circle id helpful in cost
reductions and increased productivity, whereas none of the respondents disagree
that Quality Circle is helpful in cost reduction and increases productivity.
19. Quality Records of Inspection Personnel are included:

Most of the respondents i.e. (100%) admit that Quality records of the inspection
personnel are included, while none of the respondent stated for missing of records.
20. Vision Testing on Inspection Personnel:

The Research reveals that (100%) of the respondents felt that vision testing is also
made on the personnel while inspection.

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5.2 CONCLUSION
After carrying out the research study, it has been concluded that Quality Circle of
JBF Private Limited is effective enough. Self-confidence was developed in solving
more complex problem related to productions. Majority of the respondents is happy
and contented with the functioning of the Quality Circle. Quality Circle develops a
participative environment in the organizations. A good team work was achieved
among the workman. Material wastage was minimized as a result heavy monetary
gain was obtained. They are applicable for variety of organizations where there is
scope for group based solution of worn related problems.
Through brain-storming session and decision these factors led to the result in Man,
Machine, Method and Material. By evaluating the performance of the members of
Quality Circle consistency is maintain in the work. Creative and innovative ideas
lead to improve the morale of employee among themselves. Circle is not limited to
manufacturing firms only. Quality Circle is Relevant for factories, firms, schools,
hospitals, universities, research institutes, banks, government's offices etc.
It was found that the bond between employer and the employee was very strong.
There was a cordial relationship in the mode of communications from leaders to the
subordinate and this made the subordinate to have high sense of belonging and
efficient at work. In order to grow and sustain in the competitive environment it is
important for an organization to continuously develop and bring out innovations in
all activities.

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5.3 Suggestion
 It is very important to provide the opportunity to the employees of the

organizations to express their ideas or whatever they want to express.
 Role clarity of each position should be defined and based on that individuals
can plan their work accordingly.
 Creative and innovative ideas may facilitate and increase productivity at all
the levels of the organizations.
 There should be regular review and comparisons of current and past

performance to detect errors.
 In the organizations, if some members are not able to solve the problems
related to quality productions then training should be provided. So they can
develop skills.
 A data analysis and interpretation technique is rarely used so these

techniques should be used more by the Quality Circle for assessing the
performance.
 Benefits like more awards should be provided to the employees so that their
morale can be boost.
 To reduce shortcomings in the organizations due to Quality Circle there

should be a truly volunteers in the organizations.

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QUALITY CIRCLE

Due to Globalization in the field of information technology, the advancement and

Quality circle is one of the employee participation methods. It implies the

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 1

Non-application of the science of Bhagavad Gita and Vedas to industrial and

Generally, QC is a small group of employees belonging to the small similar work

Quality circle was originally described by W. Edwards Deming in the 1950s,

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 2

1.3 Features of Quality Circles:

• Voluntary Groups: Quality Circle is a voluntary group of employees

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 3

1.4 Objectives of Quality Circles:

 To give chance to the employees to use their wisdom and creativity.

 To promote self and mutual development including leadership quality.

 To fulfil the self-esteem and motivational needs of employees.

 To improve the quality of work-life of employees.

 To study the employees’ perception towards organization working environment.

 To ascertain the problem of the employees in the organization.

 To study various activities carried on Quality Circle in organization.

 To study objectives of Quality Circle in organization.

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 4

 To Study about meetings carried out in an organization and various decision

 To understand the Procedure and purpose of Quality Circle at organization.

 To analyse the problem faced by Quality Circle at organization.

 To examine the advantages of having Quality Circle at organization.

1.5 Steps for Setting up Quality Circles:

 Management's total support and commitment should be made known to

 Steering committee is formed with the top management personnel to give

 A facilitator (or sometimes known as promoter) is selected from the senior

 Supervisor and foreman are then trained to act as Q.C. leaders.

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 5

 Membership to the circle is voluntary.

 Everyone's suggestion or problem objectives is matching with the circle's

 Total participation of team members must be encouraged.

 Recommendations of the circle must be considered and decisions

1.6 Characteristics of Effective Quality Circles:

 Everyone should participate.

 The objectives should be clear to the members.

 The members should listen to each other.

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 6

 The decisions should generally be taken by a kind of consensus and voting

 When an action is required to be taken, clear assignments should be made and

1.7 Scope of The Study:

Participative management refers to the intimate involvement of all members of a

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 7

necessitates a long-term approach by managers and the willingness to invest in the

 If the questionnaire was prepared in vernacular languages, then more

 This Research provides researcher with an opportunity to explore in the field of

1.8 Need for the Study:

 Promote leadership qualities among participants.

SSR COLLEGE OF ACS,BBA-2018-19 Page 8

 Promotes group/team working.

 Promotes continuous improvement in products and services.

1.9 Process of Study:

 Problem Identification: Identify a number of problems.

 Problem Selection: Decide the priority and select the problem to be

 Problem Analysis: Problem is clarified and analysed by basic problem

 Generate alternative solutions: Identify and evaluate causes and

 Select the most appropriate solution: Discuss and evaluate the