BSS1201 - Africa Marking Guide

MUNI UNIVERSITY
BSS 1201: INTRODUCTION TO AFRICA
Marking Guide
1. a). Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it mark and label; (15marks)
i. The major latitudes; equator, Tropic of cancer, and Capricorn – 03 marks
ii. Major oceans and seas – Indian, Atlantic, Mediterranean, and red sea – 04 marks
iii. Major mountain ranges – Kilimanjaro, atlas, Drakensberg, futa djalon - 3 marks
 The candidate should draw a map of Africa – 5 marks
b). Explain the merits of Africa’s location. (5 x 2 =10marks)
 Location in close proximity to Asia and Europe, ensure easy movement of goods
 The oceans offer cheap water transport
 Tropical climate due to its location in the tropics
 Not prone to disasters due to its location away from active tectonic plates
 Big water bodies are sources of fish

2. a). Describe the major relief regions of Africa (10marks)
 Plateau
 Basins
 Mountains/highlands
 Rift valleys
 Coastal lands.

b). Examine the resource potentials of Africa’s physiography (15marks)

 Fertile soils
 Fish in the lakes and oceans
 Tourist attractions e.g. mountains and rift valleys
 Water for irrigation
 Mineral resources
 HEP generation on rivers
 However there are also problems
 Disasters like cyclones
 Landslides in the mountain regions
 Difficulty in construction
 Soil erosion in the hilly areas
 Desert conditions in north Africa

3. a). Describe the characteristics of Africa’s climate (10marks)
 Africa has various climatic regions
 Equatorial climate characterized by high rainfall, high temps, dense cloud cover, high
humidity
 Savanah climate- high temp, relatively high rainfall amounts, humidity of about 50%,
average cloud cover
 Semi-aridid and Desert climate – found in the Sahel, Sahara, and Namib- Kalahari.
Characterized with high diurnal temp range, hot days and cold nights, limited rainfall,
limited cloud cover,
 Temperate climate is experienced in parts of north and south Africa as well as in the
high mountains

b). To what extent is the climate of Africa a resource to the continent? (15marks)
 Climate as a resource
 Ripening of crops and fruits
 Drying crops like millet
 Rain water for agriculture
 Tourist attraction
 Wind is used when threshing crop harvest like millet
 Climate as a liability
 climate disasters like landslides and droughts
 floods in many parts of the continent
 hot temps make preservation of fish

4. a). Explain the following; (09marks)
i. Primary industries
 These are industries that are concerned with extracting the natural
resources on the earth so that they can be converted into consumable
products. It can be the mining of natural resources like wood, iron, coal,
minerals, agriculture industry, and even fisheries
ii. Secondary industries
 Secondary industries are those that take the raw materials produced by
the primary sector and process them into manufactured goods and
products. Examples of secondary industries include heavy
manufacturing , light manufacturing , food processing, oil refining and
energy production.
iii. Tertiary Industries
 The tertiary industry is the services sector of an economy, encompassing
medical providers, educators, financial services, haircuts, and personal
trainers, among many others
b). Explain the factors influencing the location of Industries in Africa (8 x 2 =16marks)
 Location of raw materials

 Government policy
 Availability of capital
 Labour availability
 Land availability
 Hydro electricity power

5. a). Identify and locate the major economic/political blocks(integration) on the African continent
(12marks
 ECOWAS in West Africa (Nigeria, Benin, Ivory coast, etc)
 EAC in east Africa ( Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, DRC
 SADAC in southern Africa( South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia etc)
 Arab Maghreb Union (AMU),
 Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
 Community of the Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
b). Explain the advantages and disadvantages of political integration on the African continent
(13marks)
 Large market base
 Free movement of goods and service
 Labour mobility is ensured
 Peace keeping troops e.g. UPDF in Somalia
 Space for refugees
 Reduces the cost of trade
 Employment opportunities
 Technology sharing
 Cross border investments
6. a). Distinguish between marine fishing and inland fishing (06marks)
 marine fishing refers to fisheries in the oceans and seas
 fresh fishing occurs in the lakes and rivers
b). Identify the major fishing grounds in Africa (8marks)
 oceans; Indian, Atlantic,
 lakes – Victoria, chadi, Niger, Eduard, Albert, Tanganyika etc
 rivers
c). Explain the problems facing the fishing industry in Africa (11marks)
 Rugged sea floor hinders use of modern gear
 Hot temps make preservation hard
 Lack of commercially viable species
 Predator fish
 Stiff competition from other parts of the world
 Limited capital

7. a). Describe the characteristics of Equatorial rain forests (5 x 2= 10marks)
 Dense canopy
 Huge stems with buttress roots
 Very tall and with climbers
 Don’t appear in pure stands
 Hard wood species

b). Explain the ecological and economic benefits of forests in Africa (7 x 2 =15marks)
 Climate modification
 Wind breakers
 Prevent soil erosion and landslides
 Habitat for animals
 Plant nutrients through organic matter
 Building materials
 Food and herbs
 Employment
 Forex
 Tourist attractions


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MUNI UNIVERSITY

BSS 1201: INTRODUCTION TO AFRICA

b). Explain the merits of Africa’s location. (5 x 2 =10marks)

b). Examine the resource potentials of Africa’s physiography (15marks)

 Location of raw materials

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