International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Indigenous Traditional Knowledge about Medicinal Plants of

Rajasthan State to Cure Respiratory and Liver Diseases
Dilip Kumar Sharma
Director, Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Dilip Kumar

Rajasthan is the largest state in India, geographically lies between Sharma "Indigenous Traditional
23º3’ to 30º12’N longitude and 69º30’ to 78º17’S latitude and is rich Knowledge about Medicinal Plants of
in diversity of medicinal plants. Numerous literatures show the Rajasthan State to Cure Respiratory and
medicinal values of different plants standing from the age of Vedas. Liver Diseases"
Published in
A lot of work has been also been done on ethnomedicinal plants used International Journal
for various ailments by different tribal communities and researchers of Trend in
in Rajasthan. This article highlights some important medicinal plants Scientific Research
of Rajasthan and their therapeutic use in daily life to cure respiratory and Development
and liver diseases. Due to the constant association with the forest (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD50592
environment the tribal have accrued considerable knowledge of the 6470, Volume-6 |
plants and their utility, especially for medicinal purpose. The use of Issue-5, August 2022, pp.934-939, URL:
many of the medicinal plants employed by the tribal people are www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50592.pdf
however still not known outside the restricted community. The
importance of gathering informations on medicinal plants of the state Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
is to initiate their proper scientific management and exploitation for
Scientific Research and Development
economic development of the area. Journal. This is an
KEYWORDS: medicinal, indigenous, respiratory, liver, diseases, Open Access article
distributed under the
Rajasthan, traditional, knowledge, tribal, communities
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants of Rajastan state which will be and spleen disorders, asthma, snake bite and fever.
helpful for chemists and pharmacologists to undertake The bark of the plant is useful in curing mental
for there research on these medicinal plants to explore diseases, yellow fever, jaundice and syphilis and can
the prospect of their exploitation on a commercial also act as a fumigant to heal circumcision wounds.
scale. It is also hoped that the information presented Fruit kernel has been found as a mild laxative, an
herein will also be useful for a layman, government antidote to arrow poison, and also acts as a
and other agencies engaged in the economic vermifuge. Kernel oil helps in curing skin disease.
development of the area. The seeds are useful as ointments, to cure cough,
colic pain and also have magicoreligious properties.
Balanites aegyptiaca
Balanites aegyptiaca belongs to Zygophyllaceae Calligonum polygonoides
family. In India, it is widely distributed in Rajasthan, Calligonum polygonoides is a member of family
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Deccan2. It has been Polygonaceae. It is a small leafless shrub, which has a
reported that the plant has anthelminthic, insecticidal, reputation in folklore medicine as a stimulant and
antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, astringent. It grows on sand dunes of Barmer,
hepatoprotective, anticancerous, antiparasitic, anti- Bikaner, Churu, Jaisalmer, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur, Sikar
inflammatory, molluscicidal and antioxidant and Shri Ganganagar.
properties.[1,2]
Leaves and stems are chewed to wash teeth and to
It is traditionally used in treatment of various diseases treat gummosis while young shoots infusion is used
i.e. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, as tonic. Root’s paste is applied on the affected areas
malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, for the treatment of prickly heat and scabies.
diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, skin boils, Decoction is used for the treatment of sore gums,
leucoderma, malaria, wounds, colds, syphilis, liver typhoid. Flowers buds are effective in sun stroke,

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respiratory and liver diseases. Flowers paste are also English and Gondi in Hindi. Pharmacological studies
used for the treatment of asthma, eczema, cough and revealed that Cordia myxa possessed analgesic, anti-
cold. It is reported that juice of the plant is applied in inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial,
eyes to remove poisonous effect of Calotropis antiparasitic, insecticidal, cardiovascular, respiratory,
procera. gastrointestinal and protective effects.
Calligonum polygonoides possesses hypoglycemic, Cordia myxa was eaten to suppress cough and for the
cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, treatment of respiratory infections and a sore throat,
antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and as it has demulcent properties. The pulp was also
mosquitocidal activities.[3,4] applied as an emollient to mature abscesses, to calm
rheumatic pain and as an anthelminthic. Fruit pulp is
Citrullus colocynthes
applied on ringworm. Leavs’ paste was applied to
This plant belongs to family Cucurbitaceae,
wounds and ulcers.
commonly known as Chitrapala or Bitter apple. It is
found widely in the sandy lands of North West, the Gymnema sylvestre
Punjab, Sindh, and Central and Southern India, and Gymnema sylvestre belongs to family
Coromandal coast. Asclepiadaceae, is also known as ‘gurmar’ or ‘sugar
Citrullus colocynthis shows mild stomachic, bitter destroyer’ (If the leaves of the plant are chewed, the
tonic, anthelmintic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, sense of taste for sweet and bitter substances is
antimicrobial, antidiabetic, analgesic, antipyretic, suppressed) . Gymnema sylvestre is a slow growing,
anti-inflammatory, carminative, diuretic and perennial, medicinal woody climber found in
anthelminthic property. southern part of China, Tropical Africa, Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Srilanka and is widely available in
Citrullus colocynthis is used generally in the cure of
Japan, Germany, USA, central and peninsular India
various diseases such as leprosy, gut disorders,
(mostly in Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal). The
diabetes, constipation, asthma, indigestion, colic,
bioactive compounds of plant have antidiabetic,
rheumatism, hypertension, gastroenteritis, dysentery,
atherosclerotic, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antibiotic,
bronchitis, jaundice, joint pain, cancer and mastitis.
hypolipidaemic, immunostimulatory,
Commiphora wightii hepatoprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, antipyretic,
Guggulu consists of oleo-gum resin obtained as an diuretic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and
exudate from the tapping of stem and branches of anticancer properties.
Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari; Family,
Gymnema sylvestre is a traditional medicinal plant,
Burseraceae. The plant is commonly known as
with reported use as a remedy for diabetes mellitus,
guggal, gugar, and Indian bdellium tree and is found
stomachic and diuretic problems. Its use has been
in arid areas of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. In
indicated in adenopathy, cough, asthma,
India, it is found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Assam,
alexipharmic, anthelmintic, astringent, biliousness,
Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka. It is a small, bushy
bronchosis, cardiopathy, conjunctivosis, cornea,
tree with thorny branches and produces a yellowish
dysuria, digestive, emetic, expectorant, fever,
gum resin (guggulu) in small ducts located
furunculosis, glycosuria, hemorrhoid,
throughout its bark. Guggulu possesses
hepatosplenomegaly, inflammation, jaundice,
hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic,
leukoderma, rheumatismopacities, ophthalmia, and
antifertility, Anti-atherosclerotic, astringent, anti-
worm. The roots of Gymnema sylvestre has also been
septic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing,
used in snake bite, boil, constipation, and water
anti-obesity, anti-spasmodic activity.
retention, epilepsy, pain, high cholesterol, IDDM,
In Indian traditional system of medicine, guggulu has NIDDM and obesity.[7,8]
been used for thousands of years in the treatment of
arthritis, inflammation, stimulates libido, nervous Discussion
The local villagers and practitioners for their help in
diseases, bronchial congestion, cardiac and
providing necessary information about the medicinal
circulatory problems, weak digestion, wounds,
abscess, foetid ear, fractures, gout, skin rashes, plants was great. Rajasthan has rich biodiversity
irregular menstruation, diarrhea, headache, mild consisting of a large number of plants, some of which
nausea, liver toxicity, rheumatism, obesity, and are used for their medicinal value. A large number of
medicinally important tree species are present on
disorders of lipids metabolism.[5,6]
Aravalli hill range and other areas including less
Cordia myxa hopitable North–West Rajasthan. The tribals who
Cordia myxa belongs to family Boraginaceae, is also depend on forest (mostly their surrounding
known as clammy-cherry, glueberry, Indian-cherry in vegetation) wealth are the real custodians that

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safeguard the medicinal plants till now. Rapid 6. Datura innoxia Mill.: (Local name–Dhatura,
deforestation caused by over–harvesting and Family–Solanaceae). The dried leaves and twigs
exploitative trade of medicinal plants has significantly of the plant are smoked as an antispasmodic in
reduced the availability of the medicinal plants in arid asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis etc.
and semi–arid region of Rajasthan. Generally, 7. Tephrosia hamiltonii Drumm.: (Local name–
wasteland plants are called as weeds and said to be
Sarphanko, Family–Fabaceae) Plant is used as
unwanted and undesirable plant species. On the tonic, laxatic, diuretic and deobstruent. Root and
contrary as suggested by ‘Ayurveda’ has said, “No
seeds are insecticidal and pesticidal. Decoction of
plant of this world is useless”. Knowledge about the pods used as vermifuge and to stop vomiting and
medicinal properties of these plants is confined to
liver problems.
tribals only. Generally the folk people are well
acquainted with the medicinal properties of their 8. Tridax procumbens Linn.: (Local name–Rukhari,
surrounding vegetation particularly for their well- Family–Asteraceae). Whole plant checks bleeding
being. Rajasthan where 80 percent of its people live when applied on cut wounds. Leaf juice is
in the rural areas and cannot afford to the luxury of insecticidal, pesticidal, checks heamorrhage,
costly modern medicine. They depend on vegetation removes stones from urinary bladder, diarrhoea,
surrounding them and make perfect uses of them for dysentery and liver problems.
their medicinal needs.[9,10] 9. Xanthium strumarium Linn: (Local name–
1. Abrus precatorius Linn: (Local name–Chirmi, Aadha–Shishi, Family–Asteraceae). Seeds are
Family–Fabaceae). Decoction of root is given used for the disease Aadha–shishi, generally
with almonds to increase vigour and vitality. known as migrene pain and chronic liver diseases.
Leaves are used for various skin and liver 10. Zizyphus nummularia (Brum.) Wt.: (Local
diseases. name–Jhari–Bor, Family–Rhamnaceae). Leaves
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile: (Local name–Babul, placed on to boils and scabies fruit are used for
Family–Fabaceae). Gum of the tree is highly biliousness, astringent and cooling, respiratory
nutritive and is useful for pregnant mothers. Raw problems.[13,14]
fruits have medicinal values in women diseases, Results
also used in tooth paste and helps in asthma. “Charak Samhita” the oldest book on medicine,
3. Argemone mexicana Linn: (Local name– Pili written by Sage Charak mentions rsions around 340
kateli / Satayanasi, Family–Papaveraceae): Root herbs and their indigenous use. In the present time
is used for chronic skin diseases, eye and mouth medicinal plants have gained tremendous
wash. Leaves for gonorrhoea, dropsy, jaundice, significance, approximately 25% of the drugs are
scabies, other skin diseases. The yellow juice is derived and many other are synthesized from plants.
used in eye infection. The juice rubbed on the During present investigation our major objective is to
body relieves rheumatic pain. The oil from the explore the potential in medicinal plants resources
seed is used externally for skin diseases, joint from the arid and semi-arid part of India. The study
pains, respiration. reveals that Rajasthan harbors a rich diversity of
valuable medicinal plants and attempts are being
4. Azadirachta indica A. Juss: (Local name–Neem,
made, at different levels, for documentation of some
Family–Meliaceae). The stem bark is bitter tonic,
important medicinal plants of Rajasthan with their
used to cure chronic fever. Bark is also used for
local name and their medicinal properties.
wound and jaundice.
Private and forest nurseries in the state are witnessing a
5. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: (Local name–
rapid rise in demand for medicinal plants during Covid
Akara. Family–Asclepiadaceae). Flowers of this pandemic as residents are increasingly buying such
plant are used in piles and asthmatic problems.
plants for their gardens.
Latex used in tooth–ache and ringworm, and also
for removing face darkness. Roots is used for As many of these plants with medicinal values
spleen complaints, elephantiasis, rheumatism, including Tulsi significantly improve air quality as per
protracted labour (given with black pepper). Bark the traditional medicine system, the demand in recent
is used for diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic in past has increased manifold. Other plants with
dysentery hempologia. Leaves are used on sores, medicinal value including turmeric, ashwagandha
skin disease, respiration, liver diseases, (Withania somnifera) and guduchi are also in
inflammation and rheumatic joints.[11,12] tremendous demand. Ethnobotany deals with folk use
of plants especially as medicine because of no-side

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effects of herbal medicine. The Keladevi wildlife The plants selected for the scheme are considered to
Sanctuary (KWS) is the northern extension of the be good immunity boosters in Ayurveda and also
Ranthambhore national Park and falls within the suited to the climate of the Rajasthan.
buffer zone of the Ranthambhore tiger reserve.[15,16] The department of the forest will grow the plants in
The Sanctuary is located in the Karauli district of its nurseries during the rainy season every year and
rajasthan and falls within the karauli and sapotra distributed them in July and October.
blocks. It is spread over a total area of 676 sq. km.
falling within the longitudes 76°37'E to 77°13' and Although, there are some reservations about the
latitude 26°2' N and 26°21 N. The Sanctuary is scheme also, the government plans to educate the
bounded on the west by the river Banas and on the people about the use of these herbs. ‘Distribution of
south by the river Chambal.Here are some medicinal plants is good, but it is equally important to educate
plants for curing respiratory and liver diseases: - the people about the use of these herbs as all of them
1. Tinospora cordifolia (Linn.) miers, Local Name - have certain qualities and protocol of use which needs
Giloy, Family - Menis permaceae, Uses - to be followed. So it will be important to see how the
Jaundice, fever, diabetes, skin disease government will make people educate[21,22]
2. Martynia annua Linn, Local Name - Bichu, Conclusion
Family – Martyniaceae, Uses - sore throat, The information on medicinal uses of plants is based
tuberculosis-glands on the exhaustive interviews with local physicians
3. Aegle marmelos Local Name - Bel, Bello Family practising indigenous system of medicine, village
– Rutaceae, Uses - Bel tree is considered to be headmen, priests and tribal folks. The Aravalli hills of
very sacred because it is associated with Lord Mewar region of Rajasthan are inhabited by many
shiva.[17,18] tribes; Bhil, Garasia, Damor and Kathodia being the
A drive for growing medicinal plants at home amid main ones. Folk medicines, mainly based on plants,
the COVID-19 pandemic has been launched in enjoy a respectable position today, especially in the
Rajasthan, with the task forces appointed for developing countries, where modern health service is
distributing saplings to all households along with the limited. Safe, effective and inexpensive indigenous
message for increasing natural immunity to the fight remedies are gaining popularity among the people of
the infection. The medicinal plants of tulsi, giloy, both urban and rural areas. The tribal dominated
ashwagandha and kalmegh, prepared by the State Mewar region of Rajasthan harbours a vast diversity
government’s Forest Department, would enable the of vegetation. It includes subtropical evergreen forest
people to develop “natural strength”. The Rajasthan of Boswellia serrata, Diospyros melanoxylon,
government, in an effort to boost the immunity of the Dendrocalamus strictus, Bombax cieba, Madhuca
people in the state, will distribute more than 30 crore indica, Tectona grandis, Anogeissus latifolia and
medicinal plants to around 1.26 crore families in 5 Balanites aegyptiaca. These forests are inhabited by
years under its scheme named ‘Ghar Ghar the major tribes of the state, viz. Bhil, Garasia, Damor
Aushodhi’.The scheme is an effort to boost the and Kathodia. The surrounding plants form an
immunity of the people as prevention and good integral part of culture of these people and the
immunity is considered to be the only way to keep information about plants is passed on from generation
diseases like Covid-19 away. Every family will get 24 to generation only through oral folk lore, although it
medicinal plants like Basil, Giloy, Ashwagandha and is often kept secret.[23,24]
Kalmegh for free in these years. The government will Modern health care in the tribal and rural areas of the
spend Rs 210 crore on the scheme. The kadhas made Rajasthan state is characterised by a deficiency of
from medicinal herbs was widely propagated and infrastructure, of qualified personnel and of medicine.
used to boost immunity during Covid. The Access to and within the region is extremely difficult
government also promoted the use of Kadha. Taking during certain periods of the year making evacuation
this move into account, the Rajasthan government has for medical treatment an unrealistic option. Given
linked this year’s plantation drive with medicinal these extreme conditions, the population has recourse
plants and made a scheme of five years so that every almost solely to traditional medicines. The traditional
household can have its plants of immunity booster healers of Rajasthan have a commendable knowledge
herbs."The climate change, pollution and changing of the medicinal virtues of plants that grow around
lifestyle are affecting everyone and people are falling them. This knowledge of traditional healing practices
prey to various diseases because of these. The scheme using wild plants is now fast disappearing due to
aims to better the health of the citizens of the state by modernisation and the tendency to discard their
making herbs available to every household," stated traditional lifestyle. There is an urgent need to study
the order issued for the scheme.[19,20] and document this precious knowledge for posterity.

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The traditional uses of plants as herbal remedies has [5] Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants: An
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