COUNSELING

WEEK 2
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
DIASS |HUMSS4
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the topic you should be able to:
1. Define the counseling based on their knowledge and
understanding from the different sources;
2. Identify the goals of counselling;
3. Define the scope of counselling;
4. Enumerate the core values of counselling; and
5. State the principles of counselling.

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The Discipline
of Counseling

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Overview of Counseling
▪ The profession that involves the use of an integrated approach to the
development of a well- functioning individual primarily by helping him/her to
utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present and future in
accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.
(RA 9258, Guidance and Counselling Act of 2004)
▪ Counselling is both an art and a science. A counsellor is like an artist who can
be flexible and creative with how he or she can reach or relate … A counsellor
makes himself available to the concerns of the counselee, manifest the concept
of giving oneself in the counselling process. (Nystul, 2011)
▪ Counselling is a science as it practices objectivity and proper
methodological process. (Claiborn, 1987)

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What is Counseling?
Counseling is one of the fields of applied social sciences as an application
of the social sciences, counseling provides guidance, help, and support to
individuals who are distraught by a diverse set of problems in their lives.
Counseling is a help provided in a professional and ethical way. This is
given to people to help them deal with problems and make important life
decisions.
A counselor will discuss the issues together with the client until he/she
comes up with his/her own solutions before making decisions which work
best to presenting issues.

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How is counseling
different to
interviewing?
Interviewing is collecting
information for a specific use as
opposed to counseling which
involves assisting clients to
understand their emotions and
reactions to a situation. Counselor Counselee

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What is Counseling?
Guidance counseling and life coaching are applications of the social sciences and
in these professions, expert help are given to individuals who needed guidance or
advice pertaining to their business successes, general conditions and personal life
transitions, relationships and career.

• Life Coach – Analyzes the present condition of the client, discovers different
obstacles or challenges that a client faces, and provides a certain course of
action to make the client’s life better.
• Career Counseling – Is needed by people who are in the process of
entering the job.
• Personal Growth Counseling – Concentrates on the evaluation of
different aspects of a client’s life.

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Counseling:
2 parties
1. COUNSELOR

2. COUNSELEE Counselor Counselee

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Counseling as an ART

It upholds a flexible
and creative process
It is the subjective whereby the
meaning of counselor modifies
counseling. the approach to meet
the developing needs
of the clients.

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Counseling as a SCIENCE

It is about counselors
who are discerning
The objective and possesses skills
definition of to formulate objective
counseling. observations and
inferences.

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Common Misconceptions of Counselling

• A person seeing a counselor,a psychologist, a

psychiatrist, or mental health practitioner has mental
illness.
• Counselling means giving advice.
• Counselling is part of the Discipline Board.
• A counsellor is a problem-solver.

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“
SCOPE OF
COUNSELING

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Scope of Counseling
The core, the most intimate and vital part of the entire guidance program, is counseling.
Counseling maybe defined by telling first what it is not. It is not lecturing, which is one-
sided; counseling is much more than talking to a pupil. Neither is it merely giving
advice, although advice may be given. The counselor gives advice only when it is
impossible not to give it. Counseling is not just teaching carries with it the element of
indoctrination and counseling does not resort to compulsion.

Ford and Urban in their book entitled Systems of Psychotherapy (1963); they cited
nature of counseling.These are as follows:

1. Counseling involves two people in interaction, a generic term for the exchange of
meanings between people which includes the direct communication of talking and
listening as well as gestures, glances, nods or shakes of the head, frowns, and other
non-verbal features by which meaning is transmitted from one person to another. The
interaction is highly confidential, and since counselee discuss themselves in an intimate
fashion, it is highly private and unobserved by others.

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Scope of Counseling
2.The mode of interaction is usually limited to the verbal realm; the counselor and
counselee talk with one another. Counselees talk about themselves, their thoughts
feelings, and actions. They describe events in life and the way they respond to these
events. The counselor listens and responds in some fashion to what the counselee says
to provoke further response. The two think, talk, and share their ideas.

3.The interaction is relatively prolonged since alteration of behavior takes time. In

contrast to a brief conversation with friend in which distortions or unconscious desires
are usually maintained and usually only temporary relief is gained, counseling has its
goal, the change of behavior. It is assumed that through the counseling interaction, the
counselee will in time revise his distortions and alter his behavior.

4.The purpose of the relationship is change in the behavior of the counselee. The
counselor focuses the interaction upon the counselee. Counselees need not be
concerned about the happiness of the counselor but must devote their energies to
changing themselves.

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“
Core Values of
Counseling

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Core Values of Counseling
The following are some of the core values of counseling according to Appalachian
University:

1.The potential of every human being to change and to continue learning throughout
their lifespan, in formal and informal settings, and especially in the environment of
counseling and psychological services.

2.Strong relationships as the primary vehicle in helping others to learn new ways of
thinking, feeling and behaving, including collaboration within the university community
and partnering with other offices to provide comprehensive mental health services to
student san emphasis on prevention of mental health problems via education,
intervention and outreach into the University community.

3.Respect for diversity of individuals, their cultures, languages, lifestyles, identities,

ideologies, intellectual capacities, personalities, and capabilities to expand our learning
opportunities and understanding of global connections.

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“
Principles of
Counseling

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Principles of Counseling
Ethical principles place emphasis on ethical responsibilities, with
counsellors being accountable for any decisions.
Ethical principles include:

1. Fidelity – (i.e. being trustworthy)this is fundamental to

understanding and resolving incongruence.

2. Autonomy – this principle emphasizes the importance of

respecting and developing the client’s ability to be self-directing.

3. Beneficence – acting in the best interests of the client, based on

professional assessment and working within one’s limits of
competence.

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Principles of Counseling
4.Non-maleficence – the responsibility to mitigate any harm to clients. This
refers to the instructions to all helpers or healers that they must, above all,
do no harm.

5. Justice – consideration of any legal requirements and obligations, and

conflicts between legal and ethical obligations.

6.Self-respect – working towards self-awareness and taking care of the

self. In other words, counsellors need to apply all of the above principles to
themselves as well as their clients.

7.Autonomy of Individuals – based on the right to freedom of action and

freedom of choice in so far as the pursuit of these freedom does not interfere
with the freedom of others; counseling cannot happen unless the client has
made a free choice to participate.

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“
GOALS OF
COUNSELING

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GOALS OF COUNSELING
In every counseling session, the counselor and the concerned client must have a
common goal for them to be guided in achieving their desired outcome. Oftentimes,
the goal depends on the presented problem as it is not equally appropriate in every
client. For instance, if the client has an existing behavioral problem that affects his or
her everyday life, the goal might focus on changing the behavior. On the other hand, if
the client is experiencing interpersonal problem, the goal might focus on improving the
ability to maintain relationships with others.

These FIVE goals are the most commonly used in counseling:

1. Changing the Undesired Behavior

2. Making Clients Realize Their Full Potential
3. Enhancing Coping Skills
4. Building Interpersonal Relationship
5. Promoting Decision Making Skills
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GOALS OF COUNSELING
Changing the Undesired Behavior

In times when the existing problem is due to the client’s behavior itself, it will
only be resolved if the client is willing to modify the behavior that hinders him
or her from functioning accordingly and productively. The counselor will not
be able to attain this goal without the clients’ cooperation. During the
counseling session, the counselor will just make the client realize why that
specific behavior is needed to be changed, and how are they going to change
it.

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GOALS OF COUNSELING
Making Clients Realize Their Full Potential

There are individuals who are unable to do some task not because they really can’t,
but because they think they can’t. One of the goals in counseling is to let the client
discover their full potential. For instance, imagine there is a presentation in one of your
subjects wherein you were asked to showcase your talent, and then you have noticed
that one of your classmates seemed to be very frustrated thinking that she has no
talent but you are aware that she is good in writing poems. What will you do?

Counseling professionals would most likely let the frustrated student

realize that when “talent” is being tackled, it is not just about singing or
dancing until she discovers the things that she is good at. In doing so,
the client will be aware of his/her own capabilities which may become
worthwhile in his/her everyday living.

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GOALS OF COUNSELING
Enhancing Coping Skills

Some of the clients’ concerns are related with maladjustments. It happens when an
individual is having difficulty in dealing with the environment’s demand. Another goal
in counseling is to help those people who were struggling to cope up in the situations
that there were faced with. These may include the inability to adapt in new
environment such as school or workplace, or the difficulty in adjusting with your daily
living after losing someone you love.

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GOALS OF COUNSELING
Building Interpersonal Relationship

Have you ever encountered an individual who is very aloof? This kind of person is one
of the usual clients for the counseling professionals. They may be having difficulty in
relating with others and this may have a huge impact in his/her social or even marital
life. In this case, the goal is to help the individual to develop a more effective
interpersonal relationship by getting along well with others as it is beneficial in
people’s success and happiness.

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GOALS OF COUNSELING
Promoting Decision Making Skills

Making decisions is part of our everyday living. From choosing what you eat for lunch
to choosing what career you will pursue. Whether it is big or small, it can still affect
someone’s life. Some individuals are having difficulty in decision making and at times,
it affects their productivity. For instance, there is a high school student who is
indecisive as to what course he/she is going to take in college. Counseling
professionals will assist this student to discover his/her abilities and interests that will
soon help her determine her course preference.

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In what way will
counseling empower me?
“COUNSELING AIMS TO EMPOWER THE
CLIENT BY HELPING HIM/HER MAKE CRITICAL
DECISIONS IN LIFE, DEVELOP ABILITY TO
COPE, ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS, AND
IMPROVE QUALITY LIFE.”
- McLeod 2003

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Note to Remember:
Always take note that counselors do not make
decisions for their clients to avoid dependence.
They just guide them until they come up with
their own choice.

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Glossary
Core Values of Counseling – this refers to the basic values of counseling its importance and significance.
Counseling – this refers to the way how to advise the students or person with problems in life.

Goals of Counseling – this refers to aims and objectives of counseling

Principles of Counseling – this refers to ideologies or beliefs of counseling.

References
Dela Cruz, A. et al. (2017), Disciplines and ideas in Social Sciences (Padayon) Series) Rex
Book Store, Inc.

Sampa, E.M. (2017) Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Science, Rex Bookstore, Inc. First
Edtion.

Tatel, C.P. (2017) Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Rex Book Store, Inc. First
Edition.
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MY JOURNAL
Writing Prompt:
Out of all the Principles of Counseling
listed, which one do you thinkshould
be prioritized by any counsellor?
Why?

FORMAT:
● Upload via MS Sway
● Submission name on Discussion Board:
Name - Section
My Journal – Week 2
*insert linkhere*

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Thanks!
Any questions?

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