DISCIPLINES AND

IDEAS IN APPLIED
SOCIAL SCIENCES

FIRST QUARTER
CONTENT • The Professionals and
Practitioners of Counseling
 • The learners discuss roles and functions
of counselors

MOST • The learners identify specific work areas

ESSENTIAL in which counselors work
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES • The learners value rights,
responsibilities, and accountabilities of
counselors

• The learners distinguish between ethical

and unethical behaviors among
counselors
 1. Define the roles and functions and
the specific work areas of
counselor
LESSON 2. Explain the value, rights,
OBJECTIVES responsibilities, accountabilities and
the differences between ethical and
unethical behavior among
counselors
 Educator Advocate
Direct Care Supervisor
DEFINING THE
Program Prevention
ROLES, Director Specialist
FUNCTIONS AND
COMPETENCIES
OF COUNSELORS
 1. Direct Care Counselor: Provides immediate support and
guidance to individuals facing emotional and behavioral
challenges.

2. Educator Counselor: Teaches individuals or groups about

mental health, personal development, or life skills.

DEFINING THE 3. Advocate Counselor: Advocates for clients' rights and

needs in various systems or contexts.
ROLES,
FUNCTIONS AND 4. Supervisor Counselor: Oversees and guides other
COMPETENCIES counselors and support staff in their work.
OF COUNSELORS
5. Program Director Counselor: Manages and directs
counseling programs or organizations.

6. Prevention Specialist Counselor: Focuses on preventing

mental health and substance abuse issues through education
and intervention.
 • School counseling in the Western world began
in the early 20th century, initially focusing on
workforce preparation.
• In the 1920s and 1930s, guidance counselors
ROLES OF became more common, with some teachers
GUIDANCE taking on this role.
COUNSELORS • In the 1960s, increased funding allowed
school counseling to expand beyond
academics and careers.
 • School counselors play a vital role in guiding
youth during critical growth stages.
• They help clients achieve behavioral and
attitudinal change, goal attainment, and
provide guidance on various life skills.
ROLES OF • Counseling can address diverse issues, from
GUIDANCE social skills and decision-making to crises like
COUNSELORS marital problems and terminal illness, and can
be either short-term or long-term.
FUNCTIONS OF
GUIDANCE
COUNSELORS
 • Under Philippine Republic Act No.
9258, a guidance counselor is a licensed
professional with specialized training in
guidance and counseling.
• To practice as a guidance counselor, one
must hold a master's level license.
FUNCTIONS OF
GUIDANCE
• This profession primarily focuses on
COUNSELORS counseling and adopts a wellness and
strength-based approach, distinct from
the medical model.
 1. helping a client develop potentials to the
fullest;
2. helping a client plan to utilize his or her
potentials to the fullest;
3. helping a client plan his or her future in
accordance with his or her abilities,
THE FUNCTIONS
OF A GUIDANCE interests, and needs;
COUNSELOR 4. sharing and applying knowledge related
INCLUDE: to counseling such as counseling
theories, tools and techniques; and
5. administering a wide range of human
development services.
 Seven (7) distinct competence areas of counselors.
(McLeod, 2003)

1. Interpersonal Skills: Effective communication,

empathy, nonverbal awareness, and responsive
engagement with clients.

2. Personal Beliefs and Attitude: Acceptance of

COMPETENCIES others, belief in potential for change, ethical
OF COUNSELORS awareness, and sensitivity to client and self-values.

3. Conceptual Ability: Understanding and assessing

client issues, anticipating future challenges, and
maintaining a wider conceptual framework.
 4. Personal Soundness: Self-confidence, emotional
resilience, secure boundaries, and freedom from
prejudice.

5. Mastery of Techniques: Knowledge of intervention

timing and effectiveness, understanding technique
rationale, and a diverse range of interventions.

COMPETENCIES 6. Understanding Social Systems: Awareness of

OF COUNSELORS client's relationships, agency impact, and sensitivity
to diverse client backgrounds.

7. Openness to Learning: Curiosity about clients,

openness to new knowledge, and a commitment to
ongoing inquiry.
 • Different authors have different
OTHER
themes. Here is a simpler way to
COMPETENCIES remember them. Associate the elements
THAT APPLY TO in the picture (e.g. things such as
THE BROADER buildings, colors and others) to
COUNSELING
WORK remember each theory.
 Stage 3: What
do I have to do
to get what I
need or want?
EGAN’S
THREE-STAGE
Stage 2: What
THEORY OF
solutions make
COUNSELING sense for me?

Stage 1: What’s going on?

 1. Attending Skills
2. Reflective Skills

CULLEY AND 3. Probing Skills

BOND’S
FOUNDATION
SKILLS
 FOUR (4) 1. Communication Skills
2. Motivational Skills
COMMON 3. Problem-solving Skills
SKILLS FOR 4. Conflict Resolution Skills
DISCIPLINES
IN
APPLIED
SOCIAL
SCIENCES
 The following are the key skills of a counselor:
1. Attending and listening skills – This refers to
active listening which means listening with a
purpose and responding with awareness that
the client feels he or she has been both heard
and understood.
2. Reflective skills – The key skills are restating,
paraphrasing and summarizing, capturing what
THINGS TO the client is saying and “playing” it back to
REMEMBER them.
3. Probing skills – These skills facilitate going
deeper, asking more directed or leading
questions that they move the conversation in a
particular direction.
 4. Communication skills – These include the
ability to actively listen, demonstrate
understanding, ask appropriate questions and
provide information as needed.
5. Motivational skills – This is to influence the
client to take action after a helping session or
consultation.
6. Problem-solving skills – These include
THINGS TO differentiating between the symptoms and the
REMEMBER problem itself.
7. Conflict resolution skills – These involve
helping the client focus on facts rather than
personalities.
 • A person seeing a counselor has mental
illness.
• Counseling means giving advice.
• Counseling is part of the discipline
COMMON
MISCONCEPTIONS board.
ABOUT • A counselor is a problem solver.
COUNSELING • Counseling involves brain washing.
 • Assisting in defining objectives and in
continued Guidance Program and curriculum
development and also helping other staff in
RESPONSIBILITIES
IN PLANNING A evaluating their own contribution to the
GUIDANCE Guidance program
PROGRAM • Developing Plans of Actions
• Identifying needs of students
• Evaluating the program
 There are Areas of Specialization where Counselors
Work
Hospitals:
• Medical Counselors: They provide emotional support and counseling to
patients and their families dealing with health-related issues, such as chronic
illnesses, surgeries, or terminal illnesses. They often work closely with
medical teams to address the psychological aspects of illness and recovery.

Mental Health Facilities and Agencies:

• Clinical Counselors: These professionals offer therapy and support for
individuals dealing with a wide range of mental health issues, including
depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and more. They may work in outpatient
clinics, residential treatment centers, or community mental health
organizations.
 There are Areas of Specialization where Counselors
Work

Correctional Facilities or Prisons:

• Correctional Counselors: They work with inmates to address behavioral and psychological issues,
substance abuse, and rehabilitation. Their aim is to help individuals reintegrate into society upon
release and reduce recidivism.

The Educational System – Elementary and Middle Schools, High Schools,

Colleges, and Universities:
• School Counselors: In K-12 settings, they support students' academic, social, and emotional
development, helping with issues like bullying, academic challenges, and career planning. In
higher education, they assist college students with academic and personal concerns, career
development, and mental health.
 There are Areas of Specialization where Counselors
Work
Career Centers:
• Career Counselors: They provide guidance on career planning, job searching, and professional
development. Career counselors help individuals explore their interests, skills, and goals to make
informed career choices.

Religious Institutions:
• Pastoral Counselors: Often associated with religious or faith-based organizations, they integrate spiritual
and psychological principles to provide counseling and support for individuals facing personal and
spiritual challenges.

Public or Private Practice:

• Private Practice Counselors: These professionals operate independently or within a group practice,
offering a wide range of counseling services to clients seeking help with various personal, emotional, or
relational issues. They can specialize in areas like marriage and family therapy, addiction counseling, or
trauma therapy.