Social Science SSLC Study Material 2021-22

Government Of Karnataka
Karnataka Residential Educational

Institutions Society
Study Material
2021-22
Resource Team
Sl.No. Resource Person Contact
1. Govindaiah.P 9945557551
2. Vijaya kumar Doddamani. 9449776643
3. Maheshwar.M 9900331985
4. Prabhakar 7259560864
5. Mallappa Shegunasha 8861977969
6. Lingaraju 9741171725
7. Lohith 9739859777
8. Lokesh 9743434966
9. Mahantesh 9886909134
10. Ravichandra 8971299350
11. Naveenchandra 9900623085
12. Nazhath Fathima 9739669320
13. Hazirabanu 8971725857
Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 1

Sl. No Chapters Page No
History
1 Advent of Europeans to India. 3
2 Expansion of British Empire. 7
3 Impact of British Rule in India. 10
4 Opposition to British rule in Karnataka. 15
5 Socio-Religious reform movement. 20
6 First War of Indian Independence. 24
7 Freedom Movement of India. 28
8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement. 33
9 Post independent India. 39
Political Science
1 The problems of India and their solution. 42
2 Indian foreign policy. 46
3 India‟s Relationship with other countries. 49
4 Global problems and India‟s rule. 52
Sociology
1 Social Stratification. 55
2 Labour. 57
3 Social movements. 59
Geography
1 Indian position and extension. 62
2 Physiographic divisions of India. 63
3 Indian climate. 66
4 Indian soils. 69
5 Indian forest resources. 72
6 Indian water resources. 76
7 Indian Land Resources 81
8 Indian Transport and Communication. 85
9 Indian Industries. 90
10 Indian Natural Disasters. 93
Economics
1 Development. 99
2 Rural Development. 104
Business Studies
1 Banking Transactions 107
2 Entrepreneurship. 110
3 Consumer education and protection 113

I. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer
1. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks occupied Constantinople city.
2. The sea route between India and Europe was discovered by Vasco Da Gama.
3. The capital of French in India was Pondicherry
4. In 1757, Robert Clive declared Plassey war over Siraj ud-Daula.
5. The Dewani rights over Bengal were handed over to British by Shah Alam II
6. The dual government policy was implemented by Robert Clive in Bengal.
II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCE each.

1. Which place was called the gateway of European trade?
 Constantinople city
2. Which country had established its trade monopoly over European countries?
 Italy
3. Which countries of Europe tried to overcome Italian monopoly over trade?

 Spain & Portugal
4. Who were the first Europeans to advent & last to leave India?
 Portuguese
5. Who discovered sea route to India?

 Vasco da Gama in 1498
6. Who was the first viceroy of Portuguese in India?

 Francisco De Almeida
7. Who gave the East India Company charter to trade with India? And when?
 Queen Elizabeth in 1600
8. Who was the viceroy of James I to visit the court of Jahangir?

 Sir Thamos Roe

9. Name the Mughal ruler who gave permission to British to trade in India.
 Jahangir
10. Which was the first headquarters of English in India?

 Kolkata
11. Name the forts established by the British at Madras & Calcutta.
 Fort George & Fort Williams
12. When did the French East India Company set up in India?
 1664
13. Who was the real founder of Portuguese power in India?

 Alfonso de Albuquerque
14 Where did the French set up their first trading center in India?
 Surat
15. Which was the first headquarters of French in India?

 Pondicherry
16. Who was Dupleix?

 French governor general.
17. By which treaty the first Carnatic war ended?

 Aix-la-Chapelle„.
18. By which treaty the third Carnatic war ended?

 Treaty of Paris
19. Who captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur?

 Portuguese (Alfonso de Albuquerque)
20. Who had gained monopoly over the trade in Asian countries?
 Arab merchants
21. Constantinople was considered as the gateway of European trade. Why?

 It was the center of international trade.
22. Why did Francisco de Almeida implement “Blue Water Policy”?

 To establish the supremacy over the Sea instead of land.

22. Why did the power of Portuguese decline in India?
 Due to the arrival of English and French in India.
23. Name the Presidencies of the British.

 Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
24. Who led the British army in the battle of Buxar?

 Hector Munro.
III. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

1. Which commodities of India had greater demand in European market?
 Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger
2. How was the trade between India &Europe carried during middle ages?
 Arab merchants carried the Asian merchandise into Constantinople.
 Italian merchants would buy these goods and sell in European countries.
3. What made the Europeans to discover sea route to India?

 Fall of Constantinople.
 Closer of trade route between India & Europe.
 Demand for Indian spices.
 Scientific inventions.
4. List out the European who came to India for the purpose of trade.
 The Portuguese.
 The Dutch.
 The English.
 The French.
5. List out the trading centers of Dutch in India?

 Surat, Broach, Cambe, Kochin, Nagapatanam, Masulipatanam and Chinsor
6. What are Dastakths ? Who issued Dastakths to British?

 Licence of trade issued to British
 Issued by the Mughal ruler Faruk Shiara
7. What was the course of First Carnatic war?

 French invaded Madras and captured it.
 British were helpless. & requested the Anwaruddin.
 Anwaruddin sent army against French.
 La Bourbonnais took money from the English and returned Madras.
 Dupleix attempt to take Madras but failed.
 War ended with Aix-la-Chappelle treaty

8. Mention the French trading centres in India.
 Machalipatna, Chandranagara, Mahe, Karaikallu, Cossimbazar, & Balasur.
9. Write note on Second Carnatic war.

 Fought between French & English.
 Internal rivalry among Indian rulers is cause of the war.
 French killed Arcot ruler & made Chanda Sahib as its ruler.
 Robert Clive attacked Arcot killed Chand Saheb.
 British made Mohammed Ali as the Nawab of Arcot.
 War ended with Treaty of Pondicherry.
10. Who fought the battle of Buxar and when?

 Combined forces of Mir Qasim, & British (Hector Munroe) in 1764
11. What were the causes of battle of Plassey?

 Misuse of Dastakths
 Mending of the fort without permission..
 Black Room Tragedy.
12. What is Diwani Right? Who gave this?

 Right to collect land tax.
 It was given by Shah Alam II
13. Explain Dual Govt.

 It was introduced by Robert Clive.
 It was a system in which the British had the right to collect land taxes, & the Nawab
looked after administration like justice.
14. Explain the achievements of Alfonso de Albuquerque.

 Founder of Portuguese Empire in India.
 Won Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in CE 1510.
 Made Goa as the Trading center.
 Encouraged inter religious marriage.
IV. Answer the following questions in SIX sentences each

1. Explain the reasons for the battle of Buxar.
 Mir Quasim refused to remain a puppet in the hands of British.
 Declared himself as an independent King.
 Declared that the business is duty free in Bengal.
 British trade suffered considerably.
 British dethroned Mir Qasim
 British again made Mir Jafaras the Nawab of Bengal.
 Mir Qasim went for an organized war against them.

2. What were the effects of battle of Buxar?
 Combined forces were defeated by the British.
 British secured Diwani rights.
 Shah Alam II gave 26 lakhs annual income.
 The Nawab of Awadh gave 50 lakhs to British.
 British took over the entire administration of Bengal.
 Robert Clive introduced Dual Govt. in Bengal.
3. Write about the Third Carnatic war.

 Fought between French & English.
 Comte de Lally of French attempted to besiege Wandiwash in 1760.
 Sir Eyre Coote of the English defeated the French.
 British imprisoned Bussy.
 Lally escaped and hides in Pondicherry.
 Eyre Coote attacked Pondicherry.
 Lally surrendered unconditionally in 1761
4. What were the effects of battle of Plassey?

 Siraj Ud Daula was defeated & killed.
 Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal.
 Mir Jafar gave the jagir of 24 paraganas.
 Company gained rights to do business in Bengal.
 Mir Jafar had to pay rupees 17 Crores and 70 lakhs.
 War brought out the immorality.
 War brought out the lack of unity among the Indians.

1. At the end of First Anglo-Maratha war Salbai agreement was entered between
Marathas & British.
2. The Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by Lord Wellesley .
3. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented in the year-1848
4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by Dalhousie.
II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCE each

1. Who is called the Lion of Punjab?
 Ranjith Singh

2. Which state was the first state to enter Subsidiary Alliance?
 The Hyderabad State
3. Who made Madhava Rao II as the Peshwa of Maratha kingdom?

 Nana Phadnamis ( Maratha Federation)
4. Who took the support of British to become the Peshwa of Marathas?

 Raghunath Rao
5. Who was the first to accept the Subsidiary alliance system?

 Nizam of Hyderabad
6. Who accepted the treaty of Bassein?

 Baji Rao II
7. Why did Baji Rao II accept the Subsidiary alliance system?

 Holkar defeated army of Baji Rao II & Scindia.
8. Why did Lord Wellesley resign to his post?

 Wellesley‟s battle thirstiness increased the financial burden on the Company Was
strongly criticized.
9. After whose death there was a political anarchy in Punjab kingdom?

 Ranjith Singh
10. Between whom the treaty of Amritsar signed?

 Ranjith Singh & British
11. Who revolted against the British during second Anglo-Sikh war?
 „Chattar Singh Attariwala‟ in Lahore and Moolraj‟ in Multan
12. By which treaty the first Anglo-Sikh war concluded?

 Lahore Treaty
13. What is Subsidiary Alliance?

 This was basically a Military Protection agreement between the East India Company
and the Indian State.
III Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each

1. Which are the expansionist policies adopted by British to expand their empire?
 Subsidiary Alliance System.
 Doctrine of Lapse.

2. Names the states who accepted Subsidiary alliances system?
 Hyderabad, Mysore, Awadh, Tanjavore, Maratha, Poona, Birar, Gwalior, Arcot
3. Explain the causes of the first Anglo-Maratha war.

 After the death of Peshwa Madhava Rao his brother Narayan Rao came to power.
 Narayan Rao was murdered by his uncle Raghobha (Ragunatha Rao).
 This resulted in the infighting for the Peshwa post.
 The Maratha federation brought Madhava Rao II of Narayan Rao to the post of
Peshwa.
 Upset with this Raghobha approached the British for support.
 Thus the First Anglo-Maratha war fought.
4. What were the results of the first Anglo-Maratha war?

 Maratha federation was defeated.
 Treaty of Salbai was signed.
 Madhava Rao II was named as the Peshwa.
5. How did the Doctrine of lapse help the British to expand their empire?
 Doctrine of lapse was an expansionist policy.
 Dalhousie declared adopted children of Indian Kings had no right to throne.
 Dalhousie successfully annexed many kingdoms.
 Dalhousie annexed Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur
6. Which were the kingdoms annexed by Dalhousie imposing Doctrine of Lapse?

 Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur
7. What are the conditions of Subsidiary alliance system?

 Indian King had to keep the British Army in his kingdom.
 King had to pay maintenance charges.
 King had to keep a British Resident in his Court.
 King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the British.
 To enter any agreement or pact with any Indian rulers, the king must take
permission of the Governor General.
 Company‟s protection to the king from internal & or external attack.
8. Explain the causes & effects of Third Anglo-Maratha War.

Causes Effects
 Peshwa realized his mistakes.  British suppressed Marathas
 Peshwa attempted to free himself ruthlessly.
from the clutches of the Company.  Marathas surrendered to the British.
 Peshwa attacked the British  British abolished the Peshwa post.
Residency in Poona.  British installed Pratapa simha.

9. Explain the causes & effects of Second Anglo-Maratha War.
Causes Effects
 Differences among the Maratha Chieftain  Maratha chiefs got
 Enmity among the Marathas defeated.
 Defeat of Sindhia & Peshwa army by Holker  Maratha chiefs accepted
 Peshwa took the help of British. subsidiary alliance.
 Peshwa accepted Subsidiary alliance.  Maratha chiefs became a
 British interference in Maratha‟s doll in the hands of British.
administration.
 Peshwa entered treaty of Bassein.

1. Diwani Adalat in civil court was introduced by Warren Hastings.
2. The post of Superintendent of Police was created by Lord Cornwallis.
3. The Permanent Zamindari system was implemented in Bengal and Bihar provinces in
1739
4. The Land tax system was implemented by Alexander Reed is Ryotwari system.
5. The British Officer who supported the Modern Education in India is T B Macaulay.
6. The Regulating Act was implemented in the year 1773.

1. Who brought civil Service in administration?
 Lord Cornwallis
2. Who introduced Permanent Zamindari system?

 Lord Cornwallis
3. Who was the first Governor General of British India?

 Warren Hastings.
4. Who implemented the efficient Police System in India?

 Lord Cornwallis
5. Who argued “All the natives of Hindustan are completely corrupt”?

 Lord Cornwallis

6. Which committee recommended reorganizing the military system?
 Peel Committee
7. Where & when was the Permanent Zamindari system introduced?

 In Bengal and Bihar in 1793
8. Who introduced Mahalwari System?

 R.M. Bird and James Thomson
9. Who implemented Ryotwari system?

 Alexander Reed in 1792 (Baramahal region) & Thomas Monroe in 1801(Madras).
10. Who facilitated the expansion of the modern education in India?

 Warren Hastings
11. Who started Sanskrit College in Banaras?

 Jonathan Duncan
12. Which report laid foundation for modern education system in India?
 Macaulay‟s report
13. Which act laid base for the formation of Indian Constitution?
 Indian Government Act of 1935
14 Under which act, the Governor General of Bengal nominated as Governor General of
India?
 Charter Act of 1833
15. under which act, the Reserve Bank of India established?

 Indian Government Act of 1935
16. What was the main aim of Charter Acts?

 To renew the license of the East India Company.
17. What is Policy of Assertion?

 The policy in which Indians were allowed to participate in the process of creating
laws.
18. What is Diwani Right?

 Right to collect land taxes by the British.

III. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each
1. Which are universities established as per the terms of Charles Wood‟s Despatch?
 Calcutta University.
 Bombay University.
 Madras University.
2. What is meant by Mahalwari System? Explain.

 „Mahal‟ means Taluk.
 Introduced by R.M. Bird and James Thomson.
 Implemented at Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Delhi.
 The Big and small Zamindars were part of this system.
 Company officials fixed more land tax than the expected.
 Zamindars had to lose their ownership of the lands.
 Zamindars & Farmers suffered.
3. Which are the constitutional acts introduced during East India rule?
 Regulating Act – 1773
 Pitts India Act - 1784
 Charter Act - 1813
 Charter Act - 1833
4. Which are the constitutional acts introduced under British crown?

 Indian Government Act - 1858
 Indian Councils Act - 1861
 Indian Government Act - 1935
5. What are the measures under taken at the time of British in Police system?
 Created the post of Superintendent of Police (SP).
 Divided a district into many„Stations‟.
 Every station under a „Kotwal‟.
 „Kotwal‟ was made accountable for thefts, crimes etc
 He put every village under the care of „Chowkidhar.
6. What are the features of Ryotwari system?

 Implemented in Baramahal region
 Introduced Alexander Reed in 1792.
 The farmer and the company were directly linked.
 Farmer the owner of the land.
 Owner had to pay fifty per cent of produce as land tax.
 Land tax had thirty years tenure.
7. What were the provisions of Pitt‟s India Act of 1784?
 Board of Controllers‟with six Commissioners was started.
 Board had powers to direct and control the issues related to Land taxes, Military etc.
 Curtailed the Political Rights of Indians.
 The act declared that the areas under the possession of the East India
 Company is the integral part of the British Empire.
8. Which were the two types of courts setup by Warren Hastings?

 „A Dewani Aadalat‟ (civil court)
 „A Fouzadaari Aadalat‟ (criminal court)
9. What were the provisions of Minto Morley Reforms of 1909?

 Number of central legislative council was increased from 16 to 60.
 The number of regional council members was also increased.
 „Separate Electorate College‟ was created.
 Representation of the regional council was allowed through election.
10. What are the measures under taken by the British in military system?
 British appointed the Indians for the military.
 Indians were given the rank of Subedar.
 Most of the Indians were Coolie Soldiers.
 Peel Committee recommendations were adopted in1857.

1. Illustrate the judicial system formulated through East India Company.
 Two types of courts were established.
 „Diwani Aadalat‟ a civil court „ Fouzadaari Aadalat‟ a criminal court.
 Hindus were dispensed justice as per the Hindu scriptures.
 Muslims were dispensed justice as per the Shariyat.
 Slowly the British legal procedures were introduced.
 Civil courts were supervised by European officers.
 Criminal courts were supervised by „Qajis‟,
2. What were the effects of revenue system of British?

 A new class of Zamindars created.
 Farmers were subjected to the exploitation.
 Farmers became landless.
 Land became a commodity.
 Agriculture sector became commercialized.
 Money lenders became strong.

3. What were the terms & provisions of Regulating act?
 The Governor of Bengal became the Governor General.
 „Supreme Court was established in Calcutta.
 Bengal Presidency gained control over the Madras & Bombay presidencies.
 Governor General was authorized to exercise control and to supervise Over the
Madras & Bombay presidencies.
4. What were the impacts of Modern English education?

 Universities were established.
 Schools & colleges started.
 Local literature and languages developed.
 Periodicals started.
 English education was introduced.
 Social and religious reformation movements began.
 Influenced freedom struggles in India.
 It made Indians to understand and appreciate their rich tradition.
5. Explain Zamindari system.

 Lord Cornwallis introduced.
 Introduced in Bengal and Bihar regions.
 Zamindars became the land owner.
 Zamindars were expected to pay the agreed land taxes.
 Zamindars were highly benefited.
 Farmers suffered a lot.
 System was extended to Bihar, Odisha, Andhra and Varanasi regions.
6. What were the terms & provisions of Charter act of 1833?

 The Governor General of Bengal was named as the Governor General of India.
 Act barred discrimination based on religion, birth and skin colour.
 All British Companies were allowed to have trade relationship in India.
 The Governor General was vested with powers to direct, control and supervising all
trades in India.
 Central Government of Bengal had the final right to decide on issues like war &
peace.
7. What were the terms & provisions of Govt. India act of 1858?
 The license of East India Company was cancelled
 India was brought under the direct administration of the Queen.
 The Governor General was designated as „Viceroy‟.
 A new post called „Secretary Of State for India‟ was created.
 A Council of India was created in order to assist the secretary.

 Act formulated Bi-Cameral legislative body.
 Diarchy was introduced at regional governments.
 High commissioner was appointed for India.
 Promised to improve local self-government.
 Provincial budget was separated from central budget.
 „Separate Electoral College‟ was extended for Muslims, Sikhs etc.
 Reserve Bank of India was established.
 Diarchy was cancelled at the regional level.
 Diarchy was established at the center.
 The Federal Court was established.
 A dominion state was formed.
10. Differentiate between Ryotwari & Zamindari system.

Ryotwari System Zamindari system.
 Introduced by Alexander Reed.  Introduced by Cornwallis.
 Introduced in Bengal and Bihar regions.  Implemented in Baramahal region.
 Tiller was the land the owner.  Zamindar was a owner.
 Farmers were exploited.  Zamindars become strong.
 Ryots paid revenue directly.  Zamindars collected revenue.

1. The First Anglo-Mysore war took place between Hyder Ali and The British in 1767
2. The Bedas of Halagali village of Belgaum district rebelled against the British.
3. Kittur Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa
4. Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to Sangoli village.
5. Surapura is in the present district of Yadgir
6. The Amara Sulya rebellion was basically a farmer‟s rebellion

1. The 18th century in Indian History is considered as “The century of political
problems”. Why?
 The death of Aurangzeb in 1707
2. Which incident created the various political challenges in Mysore state?

 The death of Chikkadevaraj wodeyar in 1704
3. By which treaty the first Anglo-Mysore war ended?

 Treaty of Madras (1769)
4. Who was known for his innovations in arms usage?

 Hyder Ali
5. Which Anglo-Mysore ended with Treaty of Srirangapatna?

 Third Anglo – Mysore war.
6. What is the name of the adopted son of Kittur Rani Chennamma?

 Shivalingappa.
7. Who was the brave warrior of Kittur who fought against British with Chennamma?
 Sangolli Rayanna.
8. Why was the Chennamma shift from Bailahongala jail to Kusugal prison?
 The British thought that Rayanna was being instigated by Rani Chenamma
9. Who presented himself as Swami Aparampura & Kalyanaswamy in Kodagu

rebellion?
 Putta Basappa.
10. Whom did the British appoint as political agent in Surpur?

 Medes Tylor
11. Who is presented as the leader of 1857 revolution in Karnataka by the historians?
 Venkatappa
12. Name the Zamindar of Koppal who revolted against British?

 Veerappa
13. Why Dondiya is called wagh?

 Due to his bravery.

14. Whom did the British appoint to report on the various activities of the Venkatappa
Nayaka?
 Campbell
15. Why was the Bedas of Halagali rebel against British?

 British banned the usage of weapons & they were asked to surrender their firearms.
16. Ballads have kept whose life & bravery alive till today?
 Sangolli Rayanna
III Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war?
 HyderAli was defeated & died.
 It increased the confidence of the British.
 British occupied Mangalore and Bidanoor.
 The „Treaty of Mangalore‟ signed.
2. How did Hyder Ali come to power?

 Hyder joined Mysore Army as a soldier.
 Closely observed the developments of Mysore.
 Came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli.
 Hyder made military action against Nizam of Arcot.
 Hyder won the hearts of soldiers.
 Weakened the power of Dalawayees.
 He declared himself as Sultan of Mysore.
 Side-lined the King Krishnaraja Wodeyar.
3. Explain about first Anglo Mysore war.

 Started in 1767 and ended in 1769.
 Fought between Hyder & British.
 Rise of Hyder Ali in the South was not tolerated by the British,Marathas & the
Nizam.
 A tri party alliance emerged against Hyder.
 In 1767, Hyder Ali and Nizam of Hyderabad attacked Arcot.
 Finally war ended with Treaty of Madras in 1769.
4. What were the conditions of Srirangapatna treaty?

 Tippu was forced cede half of his kingdom.
 Tippu was forced to pay three crores of rupees as war damage.
 Tippu had to pledge two of his children as hostages.
 Tippu was forced to release the Prisoners of War.

5. The Fourth Anglo Mysore war strengthened the position of British in Mysore.
Discuss.
 British were able to destroy Tippu.
 Tippu died while fighting.
 Tippu‟s kingdom was portioned among the British, Marathas & Nizam.
 A small territory was handed over to the Mysore Wodeyars.
 Wellesley imposed subsidiary alliance over Mysore kingdom.
8. Medes Taylor was a great reformist. Justify the statement.

 Taylor developed Surapura as princely state.
 Peddanayaka was appointed as the Dewan of the state.
 Taylor conducted the land survey of Surpura.
 Increased the state revenue.
 Taylor took measures to educate Venkatappa Nayaka
6. Explain the Surapura rebellion in brief.

 Venkatappa Nayaka was a leader of Surpur rebellion.
 British interfered in the affairs of Surapura.
 In 1857, the representatives of Nana Sahib were present in Surapura.
 British suspected & appointed Campbell to report about Venkatappa Nayaka.
 Campbell submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad.
 The British army captured Surapura in 1858.
7. Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh.

 Dondiya was called as the tiger, due to his bravery.
 Dondiya built a small army.
 Captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts.
 Dondiya won Honalli, Harihara, Shikaripura etc.
 Dondiya was successful in winning the support of French.
 British tried to defeat the army of Dondiya.
 British attacked Dondiya from all the directions.
 Dondiya died fighting.
9. Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight the British.

 Rayanna was a brave soldier.
 Rayanna developed a sense of nationalism.
 Rayanna went on organizing an army.
 Rayanna organized secret meetings.
 Rayanna aimed at looting the treasury.
 Rayanna looted the Taluk offices of the British.

10. Explain the role of Rani Chennamma in liberating Kittur.
 Chennamma was a queen of Kittur.
 After the death of her son, Chennamma adopted Shivalingappa.
 Chennamma started to rule Kittur.
 Chennamma was not permitted to adopt a son to the throne.
 Thackeray report to the Governor of Bombay
 Attempted to take over Kittur Kingdom.
 Chennamma considered war as inevitable.
 British attacked Kittur.
 Kittur army fought bravely.
 Chennamma was defeated & captured by British.
 Chennamma was imprisoned in Bylahongala fort & died there later.
11. The 18th century in Indian History is considered as “The century of political
problems”. Why?
 Death of Aurangazeb.
 Death of Chikkadevaraj wodeyar.
 The Zamindars revolt against British.
 Kings battled against the British.
 Rebellion of Kittur.
 Rebellion of Halagali Bedas.
 Rebellion of Surapura.
12. Explain the contribution of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in freedom struggle.

 The rebellion became more famous.
Puttabasappa organized the rebels
 He declared that tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn
 The rich farmers, land owners and local chieftains supported.
 They captured the government office in Bellare.
 Puttabasappa killed an Amaldhar
 This incident gained more support for the rebellion
13. Explain the revolt of Veerappa of Koppal.

 Veerappa a Zamindar of Koppal.
 rebelled against the British
 Occupied the fort of Koppal and other forts in the vicinity.
 Many farmers and Zamindars supported.
 Veerappa fought with the army of British & Nizam
 Veerappa lost & died fighting.
 Birtish captured back the fort of Koppal.

14. What are the reasons for Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
 Tippu Sultan defeated in third Anglo-Mysore war.
 Tippu was humiliated by the British.
 Tippu wanted to avenge his defeat.
 Tippu attempted to form an alliance of local rulers.
 Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the alliance of French.
 All these development angered Wellesley.
 Wellesley attacked Tippu.
I. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer.

1. The nineteenth century is called as Age of Reformation.
2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy started periodical Samvada Koumudhi.
3. The founder of Prathana Samaj is Dr Athma Ram Panduranga.
4. The Young Bengal Movement was started by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio.
5. The Guru of Swami Vivekananda was Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
6. The Anglo-Oriental College was established at Aligarh.

1. What was the nineteenth century considered as?
 Age of reformation and new awakening
2. Which was the Centre of new awakening in India during 19th century?
 Bengal
3. What do you mean by social reformation?

 The movement which aimed at reforming the society.
4. Why did the British put forth the theory of “White Man‟s burden‟?
 British believed that it is their duty to civilize Indian as a civilized class of people.
5. Who enacted the Sati Abolition Act? When?

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1829

6. what was an example for Raja Ram Mohan Roy‟ thirst for knowledge?
 Mohan Roy learned Hebrew and Greek to read Bible in its original form.
7. Why Dayananda Saraswathi gave a call „Back to Vedas‟?

 Dayananda Saraswathi realized that the remedies to the various maladies of India
are present in Vedas.
8. What message did the Ramakrishna Paramhansa give to the world?

 One has to attain Moksha through Dyana and Bhakti.
9. Whom did Swami Vivekananda net in Mysore before he leaves for Chicago?
 Chamaraja Wadayer X
10. What were the newspapers started by Annie Besant?

 Common Wealth & New India.
III Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each.

1. What was the condition of Indian society during 19th century?
 Many Communities were ill-treated.
 Woman had no rights.
 Caste system was in practice.
 Gender discrimination.
 Sati system.
 Widow Remarriage restriction.
 Denial of education to Sudhras.
2. How the Tagore has summarized the contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy‟ service?
 Tagore has called “Raj Ram Mohan Roy as the harbinger of modern India
 Tagore has called “Raj Ram Mohan Roy Progenitor of Indian Social Reformation.
 Tagore has called “Raj Ram Mohan Roy „the prophet of Indian Nationalism”.
3. Why did Prarthana Samaj established by Atmaram Panduranga?

 To find solutions to various problems faced by women.
 To find solutions to various problems faced by lower caste groups.
 To reinterpret Hinduism.
 To provide education for women.
 To provide rehabilitation to poor.
4. What made the Indian traditionalists to hate Vivian Derozio?

 Derozio tried to instill the spirit of free enquiry in the minds of his students and
colleagues.
 He also worked towards creating text books to inculcate new education system

5. Which were the social reforms advocated by Satya Shodak Samaj?
 To address social problems.
 To provide equal rights to non-Brahmin class.
 To provide equal rights to woman.
 To encourage the education of Shudras.
 To establish hostel for girls.
 To fight caste & gender discrimination.
6. Who started Shuddhi Movement? Why?

 Dayananda Saraswathi.
 In order to bring back the Hindu people who were converted to other religions.
7. What are the aims of Aligarh Movement?

 To advocate English education among Muslims.
 To advocate social and religious reformation.
 To fight against traditions, superstitions, ignorance etc.
 To Oppose Purdah system.
 To discourage Polygamy.
 To encourage education to Muslim girls.
8. Who is called Shwetha Saraswathi & why?

 Annie Besant
 Translated Bagvath Geetha to English.
9. Ramakrishna Mission established with various views. Justify

 To carry the message and thoughts of Sri Ramakrishna.
 To spread nationalistic awareness.
 To promote cultural development.
 To serve humanity.
 To spiritual growth.
10. Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a source of inspiration for youngsters.
 Founded Ramakrishna Mission.
 He worked to establish a casteless society.
 Voiced against exploitation, poverty, illiteracy etc.
 Vivekananda believed that People should be educated first.
 He wanted people to stop following the western ideals blindly.
 He opposed caste system, & Untouchability.
 Vivekananda made the Westerners to understand the cultural richness of India at
Chicago conference.
 Vivekananda‟s speeches mirror his nationalist ideas.
 Vivekananda inspired the youths by declaring „Arise, awake, stop not till you reach
the goal.‟

11. What are the main aspects of Periyar Movement?
 Non-Brahmin movement.
 To reject racial supremacy.
 To opposed Sanskrit language and literature.
 To establish an equal society.
 To criticize caste and gender based discrimination.
 To organize temple entry movement.
 To oppose the restrictions of Brahmins against non-Brahmins.

1. The 19th century is considered as the age of reformation and new awakening time in
the history of India. Justify.
 English education was introduced.
 A new class of educated Indians was created.
 Growth of nationalism.
 Many concepts like democracy, equality started finding roots in India.
 Educated people started to analyses their own society.
 British interest in reforming the society.
 Birth of identity called „Indian‟.
 Collective efforts of reformers.
 An attempt made to stop social evils.
2. Why is Raja Ram Mohan Roy is the called the pioneer of social reformation in India?
 Founded Brahma Samaj to reform Indian society.
 Ram Mohan aimed at removing Caste System.
 He fought against Superstitions.
 He tried to develop rationality.
 He advocated Monotheism.
 He opposed meaningless rituals.
 He opposed Polygamy.
 He condemned Child Marriage.
 He advocated for a share in property to widow woman.
 Ram Mohan got Sati abolished.
3. Explain the contributions of Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam.

 He aimed at strengthening the backward and exploited communities.
 Advocated One Caste, One Religion and One God for human beings.
 Strongly advocated education.
 It built temples for the backward communities.
 Championed „Viacom Movement‟.
 Removal of restrictions on women‟s dress.
 To secure basic human rights.

4. Write a note on life & reformations of Dayananda Saraswathi.
 Dayananda Saraswathi was born in 1824.
 He was born at Kathewad of Gujarat.
 His name was „Moolashankar‟
 Brought up by his parents Amba Shankar Tiwari‟ and mother „Amrutha bai‟.
 He had received good education.
 He wrote a book „Sathyaratha Prakasha‟.
 Dayananda Saraswathi founded Arya Samaj.
 He declared „Back to Vedas‟.
 He encouraged inter caste marriages.
 Rejected polygamy and child marriage.
 He declared Men and women are equal.
 Dayananda Saraswathi started„Shuddhi Movement.‟
5. What were the social reforms initiated by Swami Vivekananda?

 Founded Ramakrishna Mission.
 He worked to establish a casteless society.
 Voiced against exploitation, poverty, illiteracy etc.
 Vivekananda believed that People should be educated first.
 He wanted people to stop following the western ideals blindly.
 He opposed caste system, & Untouchability.
6. What were the reformation activities of Annie Besant?

 Annie Besant advocated that Indian culture is far more superior to the western
culture.
 She tried to reform Hinduism.
 She translated Bagvath Geetha to English.
 She aimed at providing education to all.
 Annie Besant opened schools.
 She started Central Hindu Benaras College.
 She published New India & Common Wealth to discuss on current problems and
social issues.
 She initiated Home Rule Movement in 1916.

1. The Mutiny of 1857 was called as Sepoy mutiny by the British historians.
2. The policy implemented by Dalhousie is Doctrine of Lapse.
3. During the mutiny of 1857 Mangal Pandey killed a British officer.

4. Jhansi Rani took over Gwalior from the British during her war against them.
5. Rani Lakshmi Bai has a special place in the annals of Indian freedom struggle.
6. Nana Saheb led 1857 revolt in Kanpur.

1. How was the revolt of 1857 termed by Indian historian?
 First War of Indian Independence
2. Whom did the British dethrone during the great rebellion?

 The Mughal King & the Nawab of Awadh.
3. Who killed the British officer at Barrakhpur regiment?

 Mangal Pandey
4. Who abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and Carnatic Nawabs.?

 Lord Dalhousie.
5. Why did the Indian handicrafts and industries ruined?

 Due to industrial revolution in England.
6. What was the immediate cause of First War of Indian Independence?

 Introduction of greased cartridge which smear the fat of pig & cow.
7. Why was the Inam commission appointed by British?

 To confiscate Inam lands
8. Which guns were smeared of the fat of pig & cow?

 Royal Enfield guns.
9. Which place did Lakshmibai captured during the great Uprising of 1857?
 Gwalior
10. Who was the leader of revolt of 1857 at Kanpur?

 Nana Saheb
11. Who assisted Rani Lakshmibai during the Mutiny of 1857?

 Tantya Tope
12. Why the soldiers in the British army refused to use the cartridges?
 Cartridges were smeared the fat of pig & cow.

13. Whom did the soldiers of 1857 declare as the “Emperor of India”?
 Bahadur Shah II
14. Who was Mangal Pandey?

 Mangal Pandey was a trained soldier in British army.
III. Answer the following questions in 4 – 6 sentences.

1. List out the causes of First war of Indian Independence.
 Political Reasons.
 Economic Reasons.
 Administrative Reasons.
 Military Reasons.
 Immediate reason.
 Social & Religious reasons.
2. What were the effects of the revolt of 1857?

 East India Company rule ended.
 Doctrine of lapse withdrawn.
 Queen‟s proclamation issued.
 The governance of British government started.
 The administration of India was handed over to Secretary of Indian Affairs.
 Ambitious expansion plans had to be given up.
 No interference in religious matters of the country
3. Explain the Political & Economic causes for the revolt of 1857.
Political Causes.
 Doctrine of Lapse policy of Dalhouse.
 Dalhouse did not permit to adopt a son.
 Many Indians Kings had to lose their kingdoms.
 Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, and Udaipur.
 Dalhousie abolished the kingships of Tanjavore and Carnatic Nawabs.
 Dethroned Mughal king.
 Many soldiers became unemployed.
Economic causes
 Industrial revolution in England ruined Indian industries.
 Many industries were closed
 Wool and cloth making industries suffered..
 Artisans of India became unemployed.
 Indian handicrafts became financially weak.
 Farmers were exploited.
 Through Inam commission, Inam lands were withdrawn.

4. What were the main aspects in the declaration of the British Queen?
 Non pursuance of regional expansion.
 Providing a stable government for Indians.
 Equality before the law.
 The agreements entered by the company with the local Kings were accepted.
 Non-interference of the government in religious issues of Indians.
5. The conditions of Indian soldiers in the British army were pathetic. Justify
 Indian soldiers were less paid.
 Promotion was reserved mostly to the white.
 Indian soldiers were discriminated.
 Indian soldiers did not have the status.
 Indian soldiers were forced to cross the sea.
 They were compelled to use greased cartridges.
 Soldiers were punished when they refuse to use cartridges.
6. List out the reasons that led to the failure of the mutiny.
 Lack of unity.
 Lack of good leadership.
 Lack of support from Indian rulers.
 Lack of organization.
 Lack of common goal.
 Lack of military strategies.
 Lack of proper planning.
 Plundering and crimes committed by the sepoys made them unpopular among
common people.
7. Explain the course of the revolt of 1857.

 Revolt began in 1857.
 Mangal Pandey began the revolt.
 Soldiers at Meerut refused to use the greased cartridges.
 Soldiers attacked the prison and released the imprisoned soldiers.
 A group of soldiers reached Delhi entered the Red fort.
 Revolt spread to Delhi, Kanpur and Jhansi.
 Nana Sahib of Kanpur rose in revolt.
 In Jhansi, Rani Lakshmi Bai provided leadership to the revolt.
 The protest spread to Lucknow.
8. Explain how the administrative causes instigate the great mutiny of 1857?
 The British brought many civil and criminal laws.
 There was lots of partiality.
 Laws applied to Indians.
 English became the language of the court.
 Judges gave judgments in favour of the English.
 People did not like the new laws.
I. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answers.

1. The Indian National Congress was found in the year 1885.
2. The Drain Theory was forwarded by Dadabai Navoroji.
3. Swarajya is my birth right was declared by Balagangadhar Tilak.
4. A secret organization by name Abhinava Bharatha belonged to Revolutionaries.
II. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCES each.

1. Which incident led to the development of political awakening in India?
 The First War of Indian Independence of 1857.
2. Which organization changed the direction of Indian Political History?

 Indian National Congress
3. When & Where did the Indian National Congress founded?

 In 1885 at Bombay.
4. Who was the founder of Indian National Congress?

 A.O Hume.
5. Who was the first president of Indian National Congress?

 W C Banerjee.
6. What was the consequence of difference of opinion aroused in the Indian National
Congress?
 Congress was split in to Moderates & Radicals.
7. Whose period of INC is called as the “Age of Liberal Nationalism.”?

 Moderates period.
8. When was the Muslim League founded?

 1906
9. Who implemented the Vernacular Press Act?

 Lord Litton

10. What do you mean by the Age of Moderates?
 The first twenty years of the Indian National Congress is called as the Age of
Moderates
11. Who advocated the “Drain Theory”?

 Dadabai Navoroji
12. Who called Moderates as “Political Beggars”?

 The Radicals.
13. Who proposed the Partition of Bengal?

 Lord Curzon
14. Who were called “Radicals”?

 Group congressmen who criticized the soft stance of Moderates are called as
Radicals.
15. Why did Lord Curzon divide Bengal?

 To suppress the Anti-British protest in Bengal.
16. Who were called “Revolutionaries”?

 The freedom fighter who believed in violent methods to drive away the British.
17. When was British Govt. withdrawn partition of Bengal?

 1911.
18. Why was the Vernacular press act enacted?

 To curb the independence of the press.
19. Which was the cultural festival that brought unity among Hindus & Muslims in the
time of partition of Bengal?
 Raksha Bandhan
20. Which was the policy employed by the Brutish to break the unity of Indians?
 Divide & Rule policy
21. Who was the radical leader later became Revolutionary?

 Aurobindo Ghosh
22. What was the aim of revolutionaries?

 To drive away British by employing violent methods.

III. Answer the following questions in 2 or 4 sentence each.
1. Name the organizations that were present before the founding of Indian National
Congress?
 The Hindu Mela.
 All Indian Association.
 Poona Public Sabha.
 The Indian Association.
2. Name the important moderate leaders.

 W.C Banerjee.
 M.G.Ranade.
 S N Banerjee.
 Dadabai Navoroji.
 Gopala Krishna Gokale.
3. What were the demands of Moderates placed in front of the British?

 Development of Indian industries.
 Cutting down of military expenditure.
 Providing good education.
 Programmes for poverty alleviation.
4. What were the reasons for the withdrawal of Bengal Division?

 Partition was opposed by Indian National Congress.
 Wide spread protests across India.
 Radicals took the issue to the door steps of common people.
 Boycotting of foreign goods.
 Indians were encouraged to use local goods.
 Hindu Muslims jointly protested against British.
5. Explain the Drain Theory.

 Explained by Dadabai Navoroji.
 Explained the drain of resources of India into England.
 By increasing the import and reducing the export, the British facilitated the draining
out of precious Indian resources into India.
6. Name the revolutionary organizations of Indian Independence Movement.

 Abhivanava Bharatha.
 Anusheelan Samiti
 Lotus and Dragger.(England)
 Gadha.(USA)

7. Name the revolutionaries of Indian Independence Movement.
 Aurobindo Gosh.
 V.D. Saavarkar.
 Rajaguru.
 Ras Bihari Gosh.
 Kudiram Bose.
 Bagath Singh.
 Chandrashekar Azad.
8. Why did the British follow Divide & Rule Policy?

 To break the unity of Indians.
 To suppress the nationalism.
 To suppress Anti-British sentiment.
9. What are the religious celebrations started by Tilak to organize Indians?

 Ganesha festival.
 Shivaji Jayanthi.
 Durga celebration.
10. What were the impacts of newspapers during freedom movement?

 Published in vernacular language.
 Discussed on various social issues.
 Political issues reached the people.
 Development of nationalism.
 Created unity among Indians.
11. Identify the person in this picture. What was the theory he introduced?
 Dadabhai Naaoroji. Drain Theory.
12. Identify the person in this picture. Which was his secret organization?
 Veer Savarkar. Abhinav Bharatha

13. Identify the radical leader in the picture. Mention his two newspapers.
 Bal gangadhar Tilak Maratha & Kesari
IV. Answer the following questions in 5 – 6 sentences

1. Explain the role of Moderates in freedom struggle.
 The age of Moderates is 1885 to 1905.
 W.C Banerjee, S N Banerjee, G K Gokhale were the major moderate leaders.
 Moderates believed in prayers and requests to please British.
 Moderates organized public meetings.
 Moderates discussed various issues.
 Moderates submitted memorandums to the government.
 Moderates explained about “Drain Theory”
 Tried to bring political awareness.
 Demanded to reduce military expenditure.
 Demanded to protect Indian industries.
 Demanded good education.
 Demanded for poverty alleviation.
2. Discuss the role of Balagangadhar Tilak in the Indian IndependenceMovement.

 Tilak was a radical leader.
 Opposed British policies.
 Opposed the partition of Bengal.
 Tilak called for boycotting of foreign goods.
 Tilak encouraged Indians to use local goods.
 Tilak declared “Swaraj is My Birth Right.
 Tilak organised common people through Ganesh, Shivaji & Durga celebration.
 Tilak published „Kesari‟ & „Maratha‟ newspapers.
 Tilak triggered national movement through „Geetharahasya‟ book.
3. Explain the role of revolutionaries in freedom struggle.

 Dreamed of attaining complete freedom.
 Employed violent methods to drive away the British.
 Established secret associations in India & in abroad.
 Founded „Abhivanava Bharatha‟ and „Anusheelana Samiti‟
 Started collecting weapons and money for an armed struggle
 They provided training to youths.
 Revolutionaries used Bombs and Guns.
 Many of them were hanged by the British.

4. Explain the Partition of Bengal & its effects.
 Partition of Bengal took place in 1905.
 It was planned by Lord Curzon.
 Bengal was the center of Anti-British sentiment.
 To suppress Anti-British sentiment.
 Bengal had more concentration of Muslim and Hindu people.
 British thought of suppressing the spirit of national freedom struggle.
Effects of Partition of Bengal
 Partition was opposed by Indian National Congress.
 Wide spread protests across India.
 Radicals took the issue to the door steps of common people.
 Boycotted foreign goods.
 Indians were encouraged to use local goods.
 Hindu Muslims jointly protested against British.
I. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCES each

1. Who said “You sent us unformed Gandhi and we sent back the Complete of
Gandhi”?
 South Africans.
2. Who was the Political Guru of Gandhiji?

 Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
3. The period between 1920 and 1947 is called as the Gandhian Era. Why?
 Created Gandhian way of struggle or Gandhi Model of struggle in the Indian
Freedom Movement
4. Why Gandhiji went to South Africa?

 To represent Dada Abdulla and Company
5. Who were the leaders of Khilafat Movement?

 Muhammada Ali and Shaukath Ali
6. Who were the founders of Swaraj Party?

 Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das.
7. What made Gandhiji to withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement?

 The death of 22 police men in the Chouri Chaura incident.

8. Which factor created controversy between B R Ambedkar and Gandhiji?
 B R Ambedkar demanded for separate electorate constituencies for untouchables
9. Who was the last Viceroy of British India?

 Lord Mountbatten.
11. Which were the newspapers published by Gandhiji?

 Harijan & Young India.
12. Muslim League did not participate in Quit India movement. Why?
 After the elections of 1937, the Muslim League was kept out of government
formation.
13. Why was the Simon Commission appointed?

 The Commission was appointed to study the effects of India Government Act.
II. Answer the following questions in 2 or 4 sentence each.

1. What were the internal tools of Gandhi‟s struggles?
 Passive Resistance.
 Non-Violence
 Satyagraha.
 Hindu and Muslim Unity.
2. Explain Chouri Chaura incident.

 Held On February 5, 1922.
 Held at Chouri Chaura of Uttar Pradesh.
 3000 farmers assembled in front of the police station.
 The police started shooting.
 Angered people attacked the police station.
 Set fire to the station.
 Twenty two policemen died.
3. What were development took place Lahore Congress session of 1929?

 A resolution Poona Swaraj was adopted.
 Tri colour flag was hoisted.
 January 26th, 1930 was declared as the Indian Independence date.
 Decided to start Civil Disobedience Protest Marches.
4. Name the periodicals published by B R Ambedkar.

 Prabhudha Bharatha.
 Janatha.
 Mookanayaka.
 Bahishkruth Bharatha.

5. What were main aspects of Second Round Table Conference?
 Held in 1931 at London.
 B R Ambedkar pressed for a separate electoral Constituency for untouchables.
 Gandhiji opposed Ambedkar‟s proposal.
 British Government announced its decision to provide separate electoral
Constituencies for the untouchables.
 Gandhiji started Fasting unto Death.
 Poona Pact was signed.
6. There was a lot of protest against Rowlett act. Why?
 Rowlett Act was implemented in 1919.
 British started controlling the nationalists.
 British could arrest anyone & declare him as an offender.
 Meetings & processions were banned.
 Leaders were arrested in Punjab.
 Dyer killed around 380 protestors.
III. Answer the following questions in 5 – 6 sentences.

1. Explain the major achievements of Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India
 Architect of Industrialization.
 Architect of modern India.
 Architect of Five year plan.
 Architect of Panchasheela Principles.
 Architect of atomic energy.
 Architect of Non Aligned Movement
 Architect of India‟s Foreign policy.
 Achieved integration of Princely states.
2. Explain the role of Gandhiji in Indian freedom struggle.

 Gandhiji was a great freedom fighter.
 He adopted Non-violence & Satyagraha.
 Gandhiji was a champion of Hindu-Muslim unity.
 Gandhiji supported Khilafat movement.
 He started Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
 Gandhiji started Salt Satyagraha in 1930.
 He entered Poona pact in 1932 with B.R. Ambedkar.
 Gandhiji also began Quit India movement in 1942.
 Gandhiji supported farmers‟ movement in Kheda & Champaran.
 Gandhiji supported Workers Protests at Bombay & Calcutta.
 Gandhiji supported Tribal revolt.
 Gandhiji began newspapers Harijan & Young India.

3. Explain about Non-Cooperation Movement of Gandhiji.
 Began by Gandhiji in 1921
 Gandhiji declared not to co-operate the British.
 Students boycotted schools and colleges..
 Lawyers boycotted courts.
 Boycotted elections.
 Returned all the honors and medals.
 Boycotted all the government functions.
 Boycotting all foreign goods.
 Foreign clothes were burnt.
 Many National institutions were established.
 The visit of „Prince of Wales‟ in 1921 was opposed.
 Movement turned violent at Chauri Chaura.
 22 policemen killed.
 Gandhiji deeply hurt & withdrawn the movement.
4. Write a brief note Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

 Held on 13th April 1919 at Jallianwala Bagh.
 Held on the day of Baisaki festival.
 The people had assembled in Jallianwala Bagh.
 General Dyer fired at the peacefully assembled people.
 380 protestors were killed.
 Thousands were injured.
 Military Rule was implemented in Punjab.
 Returned all the honours and medals.
 Udam Singh killed General Dyer in England.
5. Explain Salt Satyagraha / Dandi march / Civil Disobedience movement.

 Started by Gandhiji.
 Gandhiji began this on 12th March 1930.
 March began from Sabarmati ashram to Dandi.
 Gandhi wrote a letter to the Viceroy demanding eleven points.
 Gandhiji demanded to remove tax on salt
 Irwin refused this demand.
 Gandhi covered 375 kms on foot.
 Gandhiji reached Dandi.
 Broke the law by holding a fistful salt without paying the tax.
 Gandhiji popularized Charka.
 Thousands of people participated in the Salt Satyagraha.
 Many leaders were arrested.

6. Explain Quit India movement.
 Cripps Commission proposed some suggestions in front of Indians.
 These proposals were opposed by the Congress.
 Started by Gandhiji in 1942.
 Began from Mumbai.
 Gandhi gave call to „Do or Die‟.
 Many leaders were arrested.
 Jaya Prakash Narayan provided leadership.
 Jaya Prakash Narayan founded “The Freedom Struggle Front”
 They trained factory workers.
 Common people supported quit India movement.
7. Explain the achievements of Subhash Chandra Bose in independence movement.

 He was a revolutionary fighter.
 People call him as Nethaji.
 He engaged himself in organizing the Indians.
 He toured cities like Vienna, Berlin, Rome, Istanbul to organise Indian.
 He tried to get the help of Hitler.
 Founded the Congress Socialist Party.
 Became the president of Haripur convention.
 Founded „Forward Block‟.
 Founded „INA in Tokyo.
 He called for „Delhi Chalo‟.
 He said, “Give me your blood; I‟ll get you Indian Independence”.
 Attacked India from Burma border.
 A fierce battle between INA and the British army fought.
 Later Subhash died in plane crash.
8. Explain the role of B.R.Ambedkar in freedom struggle.

 B R Ambedkar was a great Dalit leader.
 He fought for the rights of the untouchables.
 Started Mahad tank movement.
 Began Kalaram temple movement.
 Demand for separate electorate constituencies for untouchables.
 Founded „Bahishkrut Hithakarini Sabha‟.
 Founded Swantantra Karmika Party‟.
 Published periodicals like „„Janatha‟, „Mookanayaka‟ etc.
 Served as the chairman of Drafting Committee‟.
 He advocated equality for Untouchables.
 Became the first Law Minister of Independent India.

9. Explain the farmer‟s revolt in the history of Independence struggle.
 Farmers‟ revolt began at Champaranya, Khedha, Tebhaga, Malabar etc.
 Revolt began at Champaranya, Khedha.
 British planters forced the farmers to grow indigo.
 Farmers refused to grow indigo.
 Farmers were oppressed.
 Farmers rose in revolt refusing to even land tax also.
 Gandhiji supported farmers‟ revolt.
 In Malabar farmers revolted against the British and Zamindars under theinfluence
of the Congress.
 In Telangana, farmers protested against the Zamindars and Nizam‟s Razacks.
 The farmers of Bengal rose against the Zamindars.
 In Maharastra, farmers protested against low wages for them.
10. Explain the various tribal revolts in the history of Independence struggle.
 Tribal revolted were Santala, Kola Munda, Halagali Beda‟s etc.
 The tax and forests policies of British were the reasons for tribal revolts.
 Due to permanent Zamindari system, tribal people became landless.
 The Zamindars, Money lenders became the exploiters of the Santala tribe.
 Tribal were forced to pay the tax.
 Santalas were upset by tax policies.
 Santalas decided to loot the Zamindars and the money lenders.
 Centers of revolt were Bhathpur, Barahath and Rajmahal.
 The tribal people killed their enemies.
 Kola and Munda revolted against the Zamindars.
11. The Partition of India was inevitable for the British. Why?
 Muslim League proposed for the division of India.
 Jinnah demanded for the creation of independent Pakistan.
 Jinnah declared that Hindus and Muslims cannot make one nation.
 Cabinet committee recommended for a Federal Form of Government.
 Cabinet Committee suggested the formation of Constituent assembly to formulate
Constitution.
 Cabinet Committee suggested forming an Interim government.
 The differences between Congress & League.
 Muslim League called for „Direct Action Day‟
 Communal clashes took place between Hindus & Muslims.
 Lakhs of people died.
 Relationship between League and the Congress worsened.
 Mountbatten held discussion between Gandhiji & Jinnah.
 Finally, partition took place

12. What are the main programmes of Non-Cooperation movement?
 Boycotting schools
 Boycotting colleges
 Boycotting courts
 Boycotting elections
 Returning all the honors and medals
 Nominated members resigning from their membership.
 Boycotting all the government functions
 Boycotting all foreign goods

1. The British government‟s last Governor General was Lord Mountbatten.
2. India‟s first Home minister was Sardar Valalbahabai Patel.
4. Pondicherry became a union territory in the year 1963.
II. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCES each

1. Which states were refused to join Indian union after 1947?
 Hyderabad, Junaghad, Kashmir, Goa & Pondicherry.
2. Who is called as “Iron Man of India”?

 Sardar Vallabhabai Patel.
3. Who became the first President of India?

 Dr. BabuRajendraprasad
4. Who was the chairman of Reorganization of State Commission‟?

 Fazal Ali
5. Who were the members of „Reorganization of State Commission‟?

 Fazal Ali, H N Khunzru & K M Pannikar.
6. Why Sardar Patel is called Iron Man of India?

 He successfully achieved integration of Princely states.
7. Name the Muslim leaders who opposed the idea of Pakistan?

 Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad and Khan Abdul Ghafarkhan.

8. What is the present name of East Pakistan?
 Bangladesh.
9. When did the „Reorganization of State Commission formed?

 1953.
10. Which organisation of Karnataka demanded for its integration?

 All Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishid‟
11. How many princely states were there in India?

 562
12. Mention the princely states that refused to join India union?
 Kashmir, Junaghad and Hyderabad
13. Who was the chairman Constitutional Drafting committee?

 Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
14. Who was the first Prime Minister of Independent India?

 Jawahar Lal Nehru
15. Through which amendment the words “Secular and Socialist‟ were added?
 42nd amendment in 1976

1. What were the problems faced in independent India?
 Partition of India.
 Refugee problem.
 Integration of princely states.
 Scarcity of food.
 Formation of Govt.
 Formation of Constitution.
2. How was the integration of princely states achieved?

 Instrument of Accession‟ offered an opportunity for the princely states to join
federal structure of India.
 Some special status were also accorded to the ruling Kings.
 The kings were paid monetary compensation.
3. How was Pondicherry liberated from the French?

 Pondicherry was a French territory.
 Congress & Communists wanted Pondicherry to become part of India.
 Finally Pondicherry got integrated in 1954.

 Pondicherry became Union Territory of India in 1963
4. How was the Junaghad merged with Indian Union?

 The Nawab was planning to join the state of Pakistan.
 People of Junaghad revolted against Nawab.
 The King ran away.
 Indian govt. maintained law & order.
 Junaghad joined Indian federation in 1949.
5. How was the Hyderabad merged with Indian Union?

 Nizam wanted to remain independent.
 Nizam refused to join the Indian union.
 The farmers revolted against the Nizam.
 The Government of India sent its military to fight Razakars.
 Indian army defeated the Nizam.
 Finally Hyderabad integrated into India in 1948.
6. Explain how Jammu & Kashmir joined Indian union?

 King Harisingh decided to remain independent.
 Pakistan invaded Kashmir.
 The King agrees to join India.
 Indian Army was sent to fight Pakistani tribal.
 Pak tribal were driven away from Jammu & Kashmir.
 Kashmir integrated with Indian union.
7. How did the nation face refugee problem?

 Refugees from Pakistan were settled in various parts.
 Refugees from Pakistan were settled in Tripura, Meghalaya and Assam.
 The people of Tibet were settled in Bailukuppe & Mandagadde.
 They provided with education.
 Training was given to take self-employment.
 Medical facilities were extended.
 Loans were given.
8. How was Goa liberated from Portuguese?

 Goa was controlled by Portuguese.
 Portuguese were ordered to vacate Goa.
 Portuguese brought more army from Africa and Europe.
 Sathyagrahi‟s from all over India entered Goa.
 Protesters forced Portuguese to leave Goa.
 Indian military took over Goa in 1961.

9. Communal Violence became wide spread in India after 1947.Why?
 Partition of India.
 Divide and Rule policy of British.
 Religious suspicions among Hindus & Muslims.
 Invasions of foreign rulers.
10. Explain how Karnataka state was reorganized?

 Kannada speaking regions were part of various princely states.
 On October 14th, 1947 Mysore State came into existence.
 The demand to integrate all these people into one state was prevalent.
 Kannadigas had formed “All Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishid.
 Kannadigas demanded for the integration of Kannada speaking area.
 Finally in 1956, Vishal Mysore state came into existence.
 In 1973, it was named as „Karnataka‟.

1. The people who develop a deep passion for the place they live is called as Regionalism.
2. The formation of language based regions took place in 1953.
3. In Karnataka Lokayuktha institution is in existence to curb corruption.
4. As per the census of 2011, the population of India is 121 crores.

1. What is Unemployment?
 A situation where a person does not find work in accordance to his capacity or
qualification.
OR
 Non availability of job
2. What are the important reasons for Unemployment?

 Over Population & Improved technology.

3. What do you mean by Corruption?
 Misuse of public authority for personal gains.
4. Which are the institutions set up to fight Corruption?

 Lokpal. & Lokayuktha.
5. How many seats in local elections are reserved to women by the Govt. of India?
 Govt. has reserved ⁄ of the seats in local elections.
6. What is the measure enforced by the Govt. to fight Regional Imbalance?

 The article 371 has been amended from A to J. & backward regions have been given
special status.
7. Which is the 21st century‟s biggest challenge in front of the Govt?

 Corporate Strategy.
8. Which article of the Constitution has given special status to backward regions of
Karnataka?
 Article 371(J).
9. What is Terrorism?
 Terrorism is fulfilling its narrow end by creating panic and violence.
10. Which committee is appointed to address the regional imbalances in Karnataka?

 D.M. Nanjundappa Committee in 2001.
11. What is Communalism?

 Segregation in the name of religion and creating hatred and cultivating opposite
self-interests.
OR
 Intolerance towards the people of other religion.
12. Which Programme is implemented by the Govt. of Karnataka for the development
of rural woman?
 „Stree Shakti‟ programmes.
13. What is Corporate Strategy?

 A group administrative measure undertaken by a company to achieve a
premeditated target.
14. What is Regionalism?

 Love OR loyalty of a person towards his own state or region.

15. What is the India's unemployment rate according to census of 2011?
 21.9%
16. Which is the major challenge for national unity and integration?
 Communalism.
17. When the terrorist attacked on Taj hotel in Mumbai?

 November 26, 2007.
18. What are the measures taken by the Indian Govt.to curb terrorism?
 Creating special elite forces.
 Terrorist task force.
 Use of advanced technology.
 Well-equipped army
III. Answer the following questions & answers in 2 or 4 sentence each.

1. What are the causes for Unemployment?
 Over population.
 Use of improved technology.
 Shortage of natural resources.
 Ruined cottage industries.
 Lack of skill based education.
 Over dependency of agriculture
2. What are the measures taken to check Corruption?

 Lokpal.
 Lokayuktha.
 CC TV cameras in Govt. offices.
 Awarding harsh punishment.
 Increasing the number of courts and judges.
 Increasing efficiency of Government work
3. How is communalism fatal to national unity?

 Creates hatredness.
 Breaks unity & integrity.
 Creates mutual suspicion and fear.
 Disturbs the peace of the society.
 Destroys the public and private property.
 It leads to physical combat.

4. How can be the Communalism tackled?
 Uniform civil code.
 Equality among all the citizens.
 Supporting secular values in the society.
 Developing healthy national thoughts.
 Foster the faiths of all people.
 Economic and social equality.
5. What are the measures undertaken for the removal of regional imbalance in
Karnataka?
 Appointment of D M Nanjundappa Committee.
 Special status to Hyderabad region under 371(J) article.
 Special status backward regions of Karnataka.
 Malnad development authority.
6. What are the measures undertaken to check Unemployment?

 Population control.
 Providing loans and subsidy.
 Agricultural development.
 Encouragement to cottage industries.
 Industrial development.
 Employments guarantee schemes.
7. What are the effects of Terrorism?

 Cause damage to men & materials.
 It creates fear among the people.
 Terrorism creates psychological pain.
 Creating panic and violence.
 Influences the cultural aspects negatively.
8. What are measures taken to improve the status of women?

 Stress on women‟s education.
 Ban on child marriage.
 Dowry prohibition act.
 Compulsory education to girls.
 „Stree Shakti „Programme.
 Women self-help groups.
 Establishing Women‟s commissions.
 Women reservation.

9. Write about the present status of Corporate Strategy.
 Using globalized environment and modern technologies.
 Maximizing the profits
 Affects the people, the society and a country negatively.
 Often influence the decisions of the governments.
 Helps to fight poverty, malnutrition, Ill-health etc.
11. Which are the effects of corruption?

 Tax evasion
 Illegal hoarding.
 Smuggling
 Economic offences.
 Cheating
12. How does regionalism affect national development? Discuss.

 It affects unity & integrity.
 It creates hatred ness between regions.
 It leads to abuse.
 Some regions have achieved a lot of progress
 Many parts have remained backward
 Many are demanding independent statehood.

1. The Indian Foreign policy was specially formed by Jawahar lal Nehru.
2. The policy of keeping safe distance from both the power blocks of the world is known as
Non Aligned Movement.
3. During pre-independent period India was under British imperial occupation.
4. Nelson Mandela fought against Apartheid in South Africa.
5. SAARC was founded in the year 1885.

1. What is Foreign Policy?
 The policy adopted by a nation while dealing with other nation.
2. What do you mean by a sovereign country?

 The country which is not under any other country‟s control either for internal or
external issues.

3. Who was an architect of India‟s foreign policy?
 Jawahar Lal Nehru.
4. Who signed the Panchasheela Principles?

 Jawahar Lal Nehru(India) & Chou En Lai (China)
5. What is meant by Non-Alignment Policy?

 Functioning independently without joining any power blocs.
6. What do you mean by Imperialism?

 A sovereign country to take over another sovereign country with the intention of
ruling it for its personal gains.
7. What is Apartheid?
 An attempt by a race or people to subjugate another race.
OR
 Racial discrimination practiced in South Africa.
8. Who is called as „African Gandhi‟?

 Nelson Mandela.
9. What is Disarmament?
 The process of elimination of specific arms step by step.
10. Which article of the Indian Constitution advocates for a foreign policy?
 Article 51
11. When did Nehru given radio speech about foreign policy for the first time?
 September 7 1946.
12. In which conferences India declared “No corner of world shall have Imperialism"?
 In New Delhi (1949) and Bandung (1955).
III Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentences.

1. What are the aims of India‟s foreign policy?
 National Security.
 Enriching national economy.
 Spreading the cultural richness of our country.
 Increasing the number friendly countries.
 Achieving World Peace and coexistence.

2. Which are the basic aspects of India‟s Foreign Policy?
 Panchasheela principles.
 Non Aligned Movement.
 Anti-Imperialism.
 Anti-Apartheid policy.
 Disarmament.
3. Why does India oppose imperialism?

 Against to democratic system.
 Affects the sovereignty.
 Exploits resources.
 Against Human rights.
4. How does Foreign Policy aid a country to development?

 Promotes foreign relationships.
 Encourages foreign exchange.
 Technical exchange.
 Promotes trade.
 Develops domestic market.
 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
5. What are the Panchasheela principles?

 Non invasion of each other.
 Mutual cooperation and respect.
 Peaceful coexistence.
 Non-interference in each other‟s internal issues.
 Respecting each other‟s Sovereignty and regional interests.
6. Why does India advocate disarmament as the need of the world?

 Reduces the Arms race.
 Maintain peace in the world.
 To reduce fear of nuclear war.
 To prevent Third World War.
 India is a peace loving country.
7. Mention the factors which influenced and shaped India‟s Foreign Policy?
 National interests
 Geographical interests
 Political situation
 Economic interest
 Military issues
 Public opinion
 International situation

8. India has been considered as one of the major countries of the world why?
 Huge population
 Natural resources
 Military strength.
 Intellectual capacities
 Industrialized capacities.
9. The foreign policy of India is also called as Foreign policy of Nehru. Why?
 Jawaharlal Nehru was an External Affairs Minister
 Managed the foreign policies of India.
 Jawaharlal Nehru outlined the Foreign Policy of India

1. The relationship with India and China was strengthened with Panchasheela principle.
2. International peace and cooperation is discussed in the article 51 of our Constitution.
3. In 1962, China invaded our country.
I. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCES each

1. Which part & article of the constitution explain international peace and coexistence?
 4th part & article 51
2. Mention the big country which borders India.

 China.
3. Which book mentions the Silk trade between China and India?
 Kautilya‟s Arthashastra.
4. Which region is the main bone of contentions between India & China?
 Arunachal Pradesh.
5. Which countries have the highest population in the world?

 China & India.
6. Which latest development that strengthened the relationship between India and
China?
 Formation of BRICS group of countries

7. List out the steel plants established in India by the support of Russia.
 Bhilai Steel plant and Bokaro steel plants.
8. Which are the two biggest Democratic countries of the world?

 India and USA.
9. Which are the two political Parties of USA?

 Democratic and Republican parties.
10. Which historical agreement is signed between India & Pakistan?

 Tashkent Agreement in 1966.
11. Who mediated the Tashkent agreement?

 Russia.
12. Which region is the main bone of contentions between India & Pakistan?
 Jammu Kashmir
13. What is the effect of Indo-Pak war of 1971?

 Creation of Bangladesh.
14. Who aided India in Goa liberation Movement?

 Russia.
15. Which is the first country supports to India's quest in Security Council?
 Russia
16. What was the main reason for 1962 Indo-China war?
 The escalation of Tibetan Crisis
17. Which countries signed 20 years teary for peace & co-operation?
 India & Russia
III Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences.

1. Why do countries need to have good relationship with other countries?
 To achieve economic progress.
 To achieve peace & co-operation.
 To exchange science & technical information.
 To promote trade.
 To achieve economical help.
 To overcome resource deficit.

2. What are the reasons for tensions between India and Pakistan?
 Kashmir issue.
 Border dispute.
 River water dispute.
 Terrorism.
 Problem of minorities.
 Pak‟s military agreement with China.
3. Explain the mutual cooperation that exists between India & Russia.
 Russia helped India in the field of economics, politics etc.
 Russia supported India during Indo-China war.(1962).
 Russia supported India in Goa liberation (1961)
 Russia supported India at UNO.
 Russia aided in establishment of Bhilai & Bokaro steel plants.
 Russia supported India to improve its industries and technology.
 Russia mediated Tashkent agreement between India & Pakistan.(1966)
 In 1971, India and USSR signed an agreement of 20 years.
4. Explain the mutual cooperation that exists between India & USA.
 India and USA are democratic countries.
 USA has supported a lot to India‟s Five year plans.
 USA aided India during Indo-China war.
 USA has shared interest in controlling terrorism.
 USAS & India share mutual responsibility strengthening UNO.
 USA supported India in the fields of foreign trade, science and technology.
 USA supported India in space science &education.
5. Why there is setback, in spite of the bilateral talks between India & Pakistan?
 Terrorism.
 Attacks on Indian Parliament House in 2001.
 Mumbai attack in 2007.
 Pathankot attack in 2016.
6. The relationship between India and China is recently spoiled. What are the reasons?
 Indo-China war in 1962.
 Border disputes.
 China‟s claim over Arunachal Pradesh.
 China‟s support to Pakistan.
 China‟s military support to Pakistan.
 China‟s economic assistance to Pakistan.
 Mao Terrorists.

7. What are the measures taken to improve the relationship between India & Pakistan?
 Tashkent Agreement.
 Shimla Agreement.
 Lahore Bus Yatra.
 Agra Conference.
8. What are the similarities between India & Pakistan?

 Both share common culture.
 Both have common economic ties.
 Mutual trade relation.
 Respond during emergency & calamities.
 Exchange of culture.
9. Explain the mutual relationship between India & China from ancient times.
 Both India & China are big countries.
 Buddhism originated in India & spread in China.
 Both have cordial relationship.
 Silk trade.
 Sovereign republics.
 Panchasheela principles.
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:

1. Human Rights day is celebrated on December 10, 1948.
2. India has been arguing in favour of Human Rights since Independence.
3. Gandhi fought against the Apartheid in South Africa.
4. Human Rights involve equality.

1. What is the important change that took place due to end of II world war?
 The imperialism and colonialism ended.
2. When did the General Assembly adopt declaration on Human Rights?

 10th December 1948.
3. What are Human Rights?

 The rights which are essential for an individual development.

4. What is the declaration of Hoover over the Arms Race?
 The World which has arms not only wastes the money, it also wastes the sweat of
laborers, intelligence of scientists and wastes the dreams of the children.
5. What is the India‟s stand on Human Rights?

 India has been advocating Universal Declaration of Human Rights from the
beginning.
6. What is Arms Race?

 Production of weapons of mass destruction in a competitive way.
7. What does the word „Third World‟ denotes?

 The word „Third World‟ denotes poverty and non-development.
8. Which part of the Indian Constitution provided fundamental rights?

 Part III. Article 12 to 35
9. Which is the dangerous phenomenon in the present world?

 Arms Race.
10. Which are the countries considered as Third World?

 Asian, African And Latin American countries
III Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each.

1. What were the major problems that emerged after World War II?
 Denial of Human rights.
 Arms race.
 Economic inequality.
 Apartheid.
 Terrorism.
2. Which events provided more strength to the struggle of human rights?

 The American War of Independence in 1776.
 The French Revolution in 1789.
 The Russian Revolution in 1917.
 The Freedom Struggles of India.
3. Which developments taxing the poor nations of the world?

 Excess spending.
 Open economy.
 Globalization.
 Unethical trade.

4. Arms race leads to total destruction of the world. Justify.
OR
What are the effects of Arms race?
 Arms race appears to be a dangerous.
 Threats of war appear.
 Nuclear fear.
 Insecurity.
 Fear of third world war.
 Creates instability.
5. What are the features of economically backward countries?

 Backward in science.
 Lack of technology.
 Agricultural backwardness.
 Lack of transportation.
 Lack of education facility.
 Ill-health.
 Shortage of food.
 Low per capita.
 National income.
6. USA and USSR have entered into many bilateral agreements to stop the arms race.
What are they?
 Partial Test Ban Treaty(PTBT)
 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty(CTBT)
 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(SALT)
 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NNPT)
 Biological Weapon Convention.
7. What are the measures taken up by India to eradicate economic inequality?

 Monetary help.
 Provide assistance to poor nation.
 Exchange of science & technology.
 Developing capital.
 Promoting health.
 Promoting education etc.
8. Apartheid is against Humanism. How do you substantiate?

 It is against the Human rights.
 Leads to exploitation.
 People do not get basic facilities.
 People are ill-treated.

9. Explain the struggle lead by India for the implementation of Human Rights.
 India is advocating Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 Fundamental rights are incorporated in our constitution.
 Article 12 to 35 of part III, discuss fundamental rights.
 India has been advocating for better human rights implementation in all the
meetings of UNO.

1. Minority Communities are allowed to establish education institutions under article 30 of
the Constitution.
2. The Practice of untouchability is prohibited by 17 articles.
3. The Untouchability Crimes act implemented in the year 1955.

1. What is Social Stratification?
 The practice of classifying people as Superior-Inferior and Upper-Lower based
Gender, Caste, Profession, Class and Race
2. What are the reasons for social inequality in India?

 Gender, Caste, Profession, Class and Race.
3. How does Gender Inequality originated?

 Based on school education, food and health facilities.
4. Which amendment of the Constitution ensures free and compulsory education to all
children?
 Article 21A
5. Which article said that providing social justice and people welfare is the duty of the
state government?
 Article 39
6. Who argued „education as a public property‟?

 Dr. B R Ambedkar.

7. Who declared “Untouchability is a heinous expression of caste system & leprosy
attached to Hindu skin”?
 Mahatma Gandhiji
8. What does article 45 says?

 All children below 14 years should be provided with free & compulsory education

 Right to speak & Right to express one‟s own opinion
10. What does article 29 provide for?

 The protection of cultural rights of the minorities.

 It is the duty of the govt. to support education interest of the SCs & STs.
12. What are the major forms of Social Stratification?

 Primitive society.
 Slavery.
 Estate system.
 Varna system.
 Caste system.
13. “The Untouchables were expected to carry the night soil, dead animals and other
filthy jobs”. Who said this?
 B. Kuppuswamy.
III. Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentence each.

1. What are the features of Social Stratification?
 Social Stratification is social in nature.
 Social Stratification is Universal.
 Social Stratification is ancient.
 Social Stratification exists in different ways.
2. What are the Problems of Untouchability?

OR
How is Untouchability a social evil?
 It creates caste based society
 It deprived educational rights.
 It deprived property rights.
 It deprived political rights.
 It deprived religious participation rights.

 Untouchables are getting ill-treated.
3. What are the constitutional & legal measures enforced to fight Untouchability?
 The Article 17 of the Indian Constitution prohibits Untouchability.
 „Untouchability Crime Act‟ is implemented in 1955.
 „Civil Rights Protection Act‟ was implemented in 1976.
 Practicing Untouchability is punishable offence.
 Universal rights to vote and participate in election have also been provided.
 Reservation has been given in the field of education and employment.
 The Act of 1989 has given some specific responsibilities for the governments
 in the eradication of Untouchability
 Article 25 has given rights to all people to enter public temples.

1. Division of Labour leads to Specialization.
2. Land less laborer are called as unorganized labour.
3. Laborers of medical institutions are called as organized laborers.
II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCES each

1. Who wrote the book „The Republic‟?
 Plato.
2. Who said “Division of Labour creates less skilled workers”?

 Karl Marx
3. What do you mean by Specialization?

 Having deeper knowledge and in depth skill in one particular field.
4. What do you mean by labour without pay?

 Work is done without payment either in cash or kind.
5. What do you mean by labour with pay?

 Work is done by getting payment either in cash or kind.
6. What is organized labour sector?

 The sector where legal provisions completely govern.

7. What is unorganized labour sector?
 The sector where legal provisions do not completely govern.
8. In which book a study of Circular Migration is done?

 Foot Losers‟,
9. What is labour?
 Labour means earning in cash or kind by providing one‟s manual or intellectual
labour

1. Differentiate between labour With Pay and Labour without Pay.
Labour With Pay Labour Without Pay
 Labour gets wages, salary etc.  Do not get wages, salary etc.
 Work for monetary compensation  Work for their self-satisfaction.
 Agricultural, industrial labour etc.  Painting, NCC, domestic work
are an examples is the examples.
2. Differentiate between Organized & Unorganized labour.

Organized labour Unorganized labour
 Work in organized sectors.  Work in unorganized sectors
 They have fixed wages.  They do not have fixed wages.
 They have fixed time for work.  They have no fixed time for work.
 They have medical facilities  They do not have medical facility.
3. What are the Challenges faced by unorganized sector workers?

 Migration.
 Social insecurity.
 Many legal provisions do not apply at all.
 Child labour.
 Physical Exploitation.
 Mental Exploitation.
4. What is Division of Labour? Which factors influence the division of labour?

 The work being done by people depending on their skill, abilities age etc.
Factors influence the division of labour
 Age.
 Skill.
 Ability.
 Interest.
 Gender.
 Expertise.

5. Explain the challenges faced on Social Security issue by the unorganized sectors.
 Workers face social insecurity.
 Workers do not get minimum needs to lead a life like housing, health, water.
 Workers do not get equal opportunity to work.
 The basic facilities are not available for people working in unorganized sector.
6. What are the institutions of organized labour?

 School.
 Hospital.
 Industries.
 Government related services.
 Commercial banks.
 Life insurance companies.
 Military.
7. Explain discrimination in labour.

 Labour is classified as Organized & Unorganized.
 Women are less paid.
 Men are paid more.
 Differential payment is given for two people who put the same amount of time and
efforts.

1. Narmada Bachavo movement is led by Medha Patkar.
2. Dr.Shivaram Karanth opposed the establishment of nuclear power plant at Kaiga.
3. Dr. B R Ambedkar stated that “Truth is God”.

1. What do you mean by Social Movement?
 A Social platform that enables people to showcase their needs and visions.
2. What is a Mob?
 Mob is a temporary assembly of people at a specific place.
3. Why was the Jharkhand Mukthi Morcha formed in the year 1930?
 Thousands of tribal people displaced due to mining activities.
4. Why the Narmada Bachavo Andolana began?

 Construction of dam would affect the sensitive ecological balance of river Narmada.

5. There is a lot of protest against the Silent Valley project. Why?
 The building of dam threatened the sensitive ecological balance of the silent valley.
7. Where & when was „The International Working Men‟s Association‟ started?
 At London in the year 1864
6. People of Mangalore opposed against the Mangalore Refineries and Petro Chemical
Limited. Why?
 These industries discharged harmful chemicals into the sea threatening the local
environment.
8. Who is the leader of Narmada Bachavo Movement?

 Medha Patkar.
9. What are the models of Mob behavior?

 Mob
 Mob Violence.
 Environmental Movements
 Women‟s Movement
10. Who started Self-importance movement in TamilNadu? And when?

 Periyar Ramaswamy in1925.
11. Who is the founder of Karnataka State Ryot Sangha?

 M.D.Nanjundaswam
12. What is Mob Violence?

 When the behavior of mob turns violent, then it is called as Mob Violence.
13. Name the periodical of Dr.B.R Ambedkar?

 “Mooka Nayaka‟
14. Which is the first labour union established in London?

 “The International Working Men‟s Association”
15. Who strived to bring in various legal measures to free the downtrodden from the
shackles of Caste System?
 D. Devaraja Urs

1. Give examples for Social Movements.
 Farmers‟ movements.
 Environment movements.
 Women‟s movements.
 Labour movements.
 Alcohol Prohibition Movements.
2. There was a Movement opposing Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant. Why?

 Vast deforestation takes place.
 The threat of pollution from nuclear radiation.
 Threat the Numerous species in the ecosystem.
3. Explain the nature of mob.

 Uncontrolled behaviour.
 Temporary assembly of people.
 Express their emotion.
 People gather in a mob.
 Destroy public property.
4. Give examples for Mob Violence.

 Communal violence.
 Racial violence.
 Caste violence.
 Political violence.
5. What is Mob Violence? What are its features?

 Violent behavior of mob is called Mob violence.
Features of Mob Violence
 Violent in nature.
 No unity in mob violence.
 Destroying public property.
 Result in major deaths.
6. Explain the Chipco Movement.

 Chico Means Hug or Embrace
 Started by sundar lal Bahaguna
 The government had issued license to cut 2500 trees.
 People of Reni village opposed this.
 The women decided to hug the trees in order to protect them.
 Due to Chipco movement, the permission given to cut the trees was withdrawn.

7. Explain the Environmental movements, their meaning and nature.
 The scientific movements aimed at preserving the biological system.
Nature of Environmental movements.
 Aimed at curtailing the various activities that are polluting the Earth, air, and water.
 Opposing raising global temperature.
 Opposing exploitation of water resources.
 Many intellectuals & academicians joined hands with the common people.
8. What are women Movement? Give example.

 It is a movement that opposed the patriarchal values exploiting women and the
creation of inequality on the basis of gender.
 Examples: Alcohol Prohibition Movement.
I. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer:

1. The total area of India is Sq km 32,87,263 Sq.Kms.
2. The country to the south - east of India is Sri Lanka.
3. The newly formed state of India is Telangana.
4. The national capital of India is Delhi.
II. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCE s each.

1. Which Latitude is passed in the middle part of India?
 Tropic of Cancer / 23½° North latitude.
2. Which is the northern tip of India?

 Indiracol
3. Which longitude considered as India's central meridian?

 82 ½ ° East Longitude.
4. Which strait and gulf separates India and Sri Lanka?

 Pak Strait and Gulf of Manner.

5. Which is the largest state in India?
 Rajasthan
6. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India

 India extends from 80.4‟ to 370.6‟ North latitude and from 680.7‟ to 970.25‟ east
longitude
7. Which is the southernmost point of India?

 The Southernmost point of India is Indira Point
8. Name the neighboring countries situated in North West the country.

 Pakistan and Afghanistan
9. Write short notes on the frontiers of India

 India has land frontiers of about15, 200 km and water frontiers 7516.5 km
10. Which is the smallest state?

 Goa
I Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. The Greater Himalayas are also known as Himadri.
2. The lesser Himalaya is also known as Himachal.
3. In south India, the highest peak is Anamudi.
4. The Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats in the hills Nilgiris.
5. The Northern Great plain is made up of alluvial soil.
II. Answer the following questions in a WORD /SENTENCE each

1. What is the other name of outer Himalayas?
 Siwalik range.
2. What do you meant by Doons?

 The flat bottom structured valleys of Siwalik ranges.
3. Which is the highest mountain peak of India?

 Mount Godwin Austin or K2

4. Which is the most ancient land mass in India?
 Peninsular plateau.
5. What are Trans-Himalayas?

 The mountains lying to the north west of the Himadri
6. Which is the oldest fold mountain?

 The Aravalli range
7. Which is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats?

 Armakonda.
8. How is The Lakshadweep islands formed?

 By corals
9. Write another name of the Himalayan Foothills?

 Siwalik Range.
10. Give an example of doons.

 Dehradun.
11. How were the Northern great plains formed?

 Formed by depositional work of Himalayan Rivers.

1. Which are the main physiographic divisions of India?
 The greater Himalayas
 The northern great plain
 The peninsular plateau
 The coastal plains
2. Write briefly about Siwaliks range

 Lowest ranges of Himalayas.
 Known as outer Himalayas.
 Extended from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.
 They have Doons.
3. Distinguish between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats

Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
 Closer to sea.  Not closer to sea.
 Higher & continuous.  Not higher & continuous.
 Not separated by the rivers  Separated by the rivers.

4. What was the economic importance of peninsular plateau?
 It has rich deposits of minerals
 It is the birth place of many south Indian rivers.
 Ideal for the cultivation of Cotton.
 It has thick forests and bio-diversity.
 It is suitable for generation of Hydro-electricity
5. The northern plain are called deposited plains” why?

 The entire plain is formed by the deposition of alluvial soil brought down by the
rivers which rise in the Himalayas
6. Write the difference between western coast and eastern coastal line.
Western Coast Eastern Coast
 Near to Arabian sea  Near to Bay of Bengal
 Lies between Arabian sea and  Lies between Bay of Bengal and
western Ghats eastern Ghats
 It has the name of Konkan Coast,  It has the name of Coromandel
Karnataka Coast and Malabar Coast and Utakal coast.
coast
7. What was the economic importance of Northern Mountains?

 They act as natural frontiers
 Have thick forests
 Attract tourists.
 They are the store house of minerals.
 They protect India from cold winds.
 Birth places many rivers.
 Home of medicinal plants.
 Home of wild animals.
 Stop monsoon winds & cause rain.
8. What was the economic importance of Northern Great Plains?

 They are suitable for irrigation
 It has vast fertile alluvial soil
 It supports to network of roads and railways and waterways
 They are useful for urbanization and trade
9. What was the economic importance of coastal plains? (March-2019)

 They provide natural harbours
 They are the gate way of foreign trade
 They are useful for fishing
 They also useful for production of salt
 Ideal for generation of tidal energy.
10. What was the economic importance of Western Ghats?
 They covered with dense forest
 They are the birth place of many South Indian rivers
 They have the hill stations
 They are famous for Bio-sphere reserve.
 They attract tourists.
11. Which are the divisions of Eastern and western coastal plains?
 Eastern coastal plains : Northern circar coast and coromandel coast
 western coastal plains : Konkan coast, Canara coast and Malabar coast
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. India has type of climate Tropical Monsoon.
2. In India is receives the highest rainfall Mawsynram.
3. In India has recorded the lowest temperature Dras.
4. The coldest month of India is January.
II. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCE each.

1. Which is the hottest place of India?
 Ganganagar
2. During the Summer Season the temperature is high in India. Why?

 Sun‟s rays fall vertically over the Northern Hemisphere.
3. Highest temperature recorded in North India during the summer season. Why?
 Long day and distance away from the sea.
4. What are the reasons for rainfall at some places in India during April-May?
 Due to Local temperature and winds.
5. Which season brings highest rainfall in India?

 Southwest monsoon season or rainy season
6. The south west monsoon starts to retreat in early October. Why?

 In early October due to decrease of temperature, low pressure area is gradually
replaced by high pressure over the land mass. A low pressure area is developed
over the Bay of Bengal.

7. The pre monsoon rain in different names.
Pre – Monsoon Rain States
 Mango Showers  Kerala
 Coffee Blossoms  Karnataka
 Kalabaisaki.  West Bengal
 Andhis.  Uttar Pradesh
8. Which season brings highest rainfall to Tamil Nadu?

 The North East monsoon season or Retreating monsoon season.
9. Which is the lowest rainfall season in India?

 Winter season
10. Which is the lowest rainfall place in India?

 'Roily' in Jaisalmar of Rajasthan.
11. Mention the two branches of the South - West Monsoons.

 The Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
12. Which country's agriculture is gambling with monsoon Rain?

 India
13. What do you meant by monsoon winds?

 The winds which can changes their directions according to season are known as
Monsoon winds
14. What are coffee blossoms?

 Convectional rain in Karnataka is beneficial to the coffee crop.
15. Retreating monsoon season is also called as north east season. Why?
 They blow from North east direction.
16. The eastern side of Western Ghats does not receive rain as much as western
slopes. Why?
 They lies in rain shadow region
17. What are Mango showers?

 Convectional rain in Kerala helps the mango crop.

III Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each
1. Which are the important seasons of Indian climate?
 Summer season
 South-west monsoon season
 Retreating monsoon season
 Winter season
2. Which are the factors that influence the climate of India?

OR
Why does the climate of India vary from one region to another? (March-2019)
 Latitude,
 Height from the sea level,
 Distance from the sea,
 Direction of winds,
 Mountain ranges,
 Ocean currents
3. Explain the process of the south-west monsoons

 Because of high temperature low pressure area developed in central India
 On other hand there is high pressure over Indian Ocean
 Hence moisture laden winds blow from south-west towards India
 They bring rainfall to different parts of India
4. Explain the weather condition in summer season

 Sun ray‟s fall vertically over the northern hemisphere.
 India recorded highest temperature
 The weather is hot, dry and sultry
 Convectional rain occurs locally in some parts of country
5. Mention the areas with low rainfall in India

 Western Kutch
 Thar desert and adjoining areas like western Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat
 North of Zaskar range
 The rain shadow area of Western Ghats
 Roily in Rajasthan
6. Mention the highest rainfall areas in India.

 Western Ghats.
 Western Coast.
 North-eastern India.
 Mawsynram.
 Himachal Pradesh, Northern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and west Bengal.

7. What are the characteristics of South West Monsoons?
 Moisture laden winds.
 Blow from June to September.
 Bring rain to greater parts of India.
 Divided into Arabian & Bay of Bengal branch.
 Cause 75% of rain in India.
8. Explain the weather condition in winter season.

 Winter season starts from December to February.
 India gets oblique rays of the Sun.
 Temperature is low.
 Humidity is low.
 The sky is clear.
 It is cool in the north and warm in the south.
 Dew & fogs are common.
 Heavy snow falls in the mountain areas.

1. The soils that are formed from the sediments deposited by the rivers is called Alluvial
soils.
2. Mountain soils are suitable for plantation crops.
3. Under the conditions of high temperature and rainfall soils are formed in tropical areas
is Laterite Soils.
II. Answer the following questions in WORD/SENTENCE each.

1. How did soil form?
 Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks under different types of climate
2. Why black soil called as black cotton soil?

 It is best suitable for cotton cultivation
3. Name the crops grown in laterite soil?

 Coffee and Tea
4. What is Deccan basalt trap?

 The area of black soil is called as Deccan basalt trap
5. What is alluvial soil?

 The soils that are composed of alluvium are called alluvial soil.
6. What are the other names of black soil?
 Regur soil and black cotton soils
7. Which soil is formed in tropical areas under the conditions of high temperature and
rainfall?
 Laterite soil
8. Which crops are grown in mountain soil?

 Plantation Crop.
9. What is Soil?
 The thin surface layer of the earth comprising mineral and Organic Substances is
called soil.
10. Which soil is derived from the basalt rock?

 Black soil
11. How red soils are formed?

 Red soils are formed from the weathering of granite, gneiss and other crystalline
rock.
12. Why is desert soil not suitable for agriculture?

 It is sandy and low in moisture and humus.
13. What is soil erosion?

 Soil erosion refers to the removal of top soil by natural agents.
14. Black soil is suitable for dry farming. Why? (March-2019)

 It has high moisture retention capacity
15. Why is Black soil dark grey to black in colour?

 Black soil is derived from the Basalt rock, so they are dark grey to black in colour.
16. What are the agents of soil erosion?

 The rivers.
 Glaciers
 Winds
 Sea waves

III. Answer the following questions in 2 – 4sentences each
1. Which are the major types of soils found in India?
 Alluvial soil
 Black soil
 Red soil
 Laterite soil
 Desert soil
 Mountain soil
2. What are the characteristics of Red soils?

 They formed from weathering of granite, gneiss and other crystalline stones
 They are Red in colour
 They are more sandy and less clayey
 They do not retain moisture
3. What is soil erosion and soil conservation?

 Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces (winds, waves) is called soil
erosion.
 Prevention of soil from erosion and protecting of fertility of the soil is known as soil
Conservation.
4. Mention the main causes of soil erosion?

 Deforestation
 Over grazing
 shifting cultivation
 Manufacturing of bricks,
 Manufacturing of tiles and pots
 Faulty methods of cultivation
5. What are the effects of soil erosion?

 Accumulation of silt in the river beds and causing floods
 It changes the river course
 The storage capacity of reservoirs get reduced
 The loss of fertility the agriculture production get reduced
 Ground water level is lowered.
 Vegetation covers dries up and drought increase
6. List out the methods of soil conservation

 Contour farming
 Encouragement of afforestation
 Control of livestock grazing
 Contour bonding
 Gully control.

 Bench terracing
 Construction of check dams etc.
7. What are measures taken to improve the status of women?

 Stress on women‟s education.
 Ban on child marriage.
 Dowry prohibition act.
 Compulsory education to girls.
 „Stree Shakti „Programme.
 Women self-help groups.
 Establishing Women‟s commissions.
 Women reservation.
8. What are the characteristics of alluvial soil?

 Composed of alluvium.
 Formed from the sediments deposited by the rivers.
 Very fertile.
 Best soil for cultivation.
 Largely found in India.
 Cover an area of about 15 lakh Sq. Kms.
 Its types are Bhangar & Khadar.
 Best suitable for the cultivation of crops like wheat, paddy, sugarcane, cotton, jute,
potato, and vegetables.
9. What are the characteristics of Black soil?

 Black in color.
 Best for dry farming.
 Best suitable for cultivation of Cotton.
 Has high clay content.
 Has capacity to hold moisture.
 Extremely compact.
 Very fertile.
 Best suited for the cultivation of cotton, sugarcane, jowar, maize, pulses, wheat, and
chilies.
10. What are the characteristics of Desert Soils?

 Found in desert.
 They are fairly friable.
 Have a high content of soluble salt.
 They are sandy.
 Low in moisture.
 Low in humus.
 Not suitable for cultivation.
1. The Tropical Evergreen Forests do not shed their leaves all at the same time in the year.
2. Monsoon forests are also known as Tropical Deciduous Forests.
3. The Himalayas have Tropical Deciduous type of forests.
4. The Mangrove Forests are mainly found in the deltas of rivers.
5. The Nagarjuna sagar wild life sanctuary is in Telangana state.
6. Babul & Cacti trees are found in Desert vegetation.
7. There are 523 wild life sanctuaries are in India.
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. What do you meant by forest?
 A large area of land covered with trees and undergrowth naturally.
2. Name the area where Desert vegetation is found in India

 Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Deccan plateau.
3. What do you meant by conservation of forest?

 Protecting the forest from disease, human being, animals.
4. Which forests are found in high rainfall areas?

 Evergreen forests.
5. Which forests are most commonly found in the river delta of eastern coast?
 Mangrove Forests.
6. What is the Specialty of Mangrove Forests?

 Areal roots OR pendent roots.
7. Which state has the largest area under forests?

 Madhya Pradesh.
8. Which state has the lowest area under forests?

 Goa.

9. What is Biosphere Reserve?
 A special category of protected area of land or coastal environment.
10. What is a Wildlife sanctuary?

 A place meant for providing protection to wild animals.
11. What is meant by National Parks?

 An extensive area which is specially protected to preserve its natural beauty, wild
life and forests for public recreation and scientific interests.
III. Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentences.

1. What are the measures for conservation of forest?
 Planting saplings
 Sowing seeds
 Control of plants from grazing
 Protecting trees from diseases
 Preventing illegal cutting of trees
 Creating awareness among people
2. Mention the main objectives of Biosphere reserves.

 Conservation
 Research
 Education
 Local involvement in natural environment
3. Name the National Parks of Karnataka.

 Bandipur national park
 Nagara Hole national park
 Banerghatta national park
4. Name the National Parks of India

 Bandipur national park
 Nagara Hole national park
 Banerghatta national park
 Kaziranga National park
 Sundarban National park
 Gir National park
 Kanha National park
 Todoba National park
5. Where did Mangrove Forests found?

 Found in wet marshy areas, in river deltas and along the sea coast washed by tides.
Mainly found in the deltas of rivers on the eastern coast.

6. How many types of natural vegetation found in India? Which are they?
 Six types natural vegetation found in India.
 Tropical Evergreen forest
 Tropical Deciduous forest
 Scrub forests and Grasslands
 Mangrove forest
 Desert vegetation
 Mountain forest
7. Explain the features of the Tropical Evergreen Forests.

 Found in areas of annual rainfall exceeding 250cm.
 Forests are dense and the trees grow to a great high
 The trees and plants do not shed their leaves.
 They are always green.
 Trees like Teak, Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany, & Champa are found.
8. What are the causes for the destruction for forests?

 Animal grazing
 Forest fire
 Mining
 Irrigation projects
 Expansion of Agriculture
 Construction of roads and railways
 Urbanization.
9. Explain the characteristics of Tropical deciduous forest of India

 Found in monsoon type of climate
 Found in areas with annual rainfall about 100-200 cms.
 They occupied a wide area.
 Sal, Sandalwood trees found in these forest
 trees shed their leaves during Spring and early summer
10. What is forest conservation? Why do forest conservation is essential?

 Protect the forests from human, animal and natural disasters
 To maintain environmental balance
 Receiving of rain
 To protect the habitat of wild animals
 To prevent soil erosion
 To protect bio-diversity
 To get forest products
 To increase fertilization of soil
 To get clean air

11. Name the Biosphere reserves of India
 Niligiri Biosphere reserve
 Nandadevi Biosphere reserve
 Nokrek Biosphere reserve
 Manas Biosphere reserve
 Great Nicobar Biosphere reserve
 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere reserve
 Kanchenajunga Biosphere reserve
 Pachmari Biosphere reserve
12. Name Wild life Sanctuaries of India

 Annamalai Wild life Sanctuary
 Dandeli Wild life Sanctuary
 Bhadra Wild life Sanctuary
 Talakaveri Wild life Sanctuary
 B.R. hills Wild life Sanctuary
 Periyar Wild life Sanctuary
 Nagarjuna Sagar Wild life Sanctuary
 Bharatpur Wild life Sanctuary
13. What are the uses of forests?

 Cause rain.
 Maintain ecological balance.
 Prevent soil erosion.
 Home of birds & animals.
 Provide fodder.
 Provide fuel.
 Provide raw materials.
 Control floods.
 Increase the land fertility.

1. River Indus rises near Mt. Kailash.
2. The longest river in South India is The Godavari.
3. Hirakud project is built across river Mahanadi.
4. The Kosi project is a joint venture of and India and Nepal.

1. What do you meant by Inundation canals?
 The canals directly constructed to rivers to drawn water are called flood canals
2. Name the first multi-purpose river valley of India?

 Damodar valley project
3. Why Damodar River is called as „Sorrow of Bengal‟?

 It causes large scale destruction to life and property in Bengal.
4. Which is the highest dam of India?

 Bhakra dam
5. Which is the reservoir constructed to Bhakra dam?

 Gobind Sagar
6. Why Kosi River is called as „Sorrow of Bihar‟?

 It causes large scale destruction to life and property through floods in Bihar.
7. Which is the largest dam of India?

 Hirakud dam
8. Where was Tungabhadra dam constructed?

 At Mallapur village near Hospet in Bellary District
9. What was the name reservoir of Tungabhadra dam?

 Pampa sagara
10. Which are the two dam constructed in Upper Krishna project?
 Alamatti dam(Lal-Bahadur-sharstrisagara) and Narayanapura dam (Basavasagara)
11. Where Nagarjuna Sagar dam did has constructed?

 At Nandikonda village in Telangana state
12. Which is the longest & largest river in South India?

 Godavari
13. Which is the longest river in the tributaries of Ganga?

 Yamuna
14. Which rivers are also known as the "rivers of the Himalayas"?
 The Rivers of North India.

15. Which is the largest river in India?
 The Ganga River
16. By which name does the Ganga after it joins the Brahmaputra?
 Padma River
17. By which state does the river Brahmaputra enter India?

 Arunachal Pradesh
18. Which are the important west flowing rivers of south India?
 River Narmada and Tapti River
19. What Is Irrigation?

 The artificial supply of water for the purpose of agriculture.
20. Where does the River Tapi rise?

 Multai
21. What are perennial canals?

 The canals directly constructed to reservoirs to drawn water for agriculture.
22. Which river project of India is designed by lines of Tennessee Valley Authority?
 Damodar River Valley Project
23. Which is the highest gravity dam in India?

 Bhakra Dam
24. What is the biggest river valley project in Karnataka?

 Upper Krishna Project
25. Name an international project and a joint venture of India and Nepal?
 Kosi project
26. Where is Kosi Project Dam located?

 Hanuman nagar of Nepal
27. Name the reservoir created by the Rihand Project?

 GobindBallabh pant Sagar
28. What is the result of construction of Damodar river project? (March-19)

 Damodar has no more „Sorrow of Bengal‟( Floods is controlled)

29. Which are the important rivers of North India?
 The Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra
30. Which are the important rivers of South India?

 Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi, Kaveri, Narmada and Tapti.
31. Which are the four dams built across Damodar River?
 Tilaiya, Konar, Maithon and Panchet hill
32. What are the three dams built in the Hirakud river valley project?
 Hirakud, Tikarpara and Naraj
33. Which are the major tributaries of the river Kaveri?

 Kapila, Arakavati, Hemavati, Shimsha, Bhavani, Lakshmanathirtha, &Suvarnavathi
34. Which are the major tributaries of the Krishna River?

 Bhima, Tungabhadra, Koyna, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha.
35. Which are the major tributaries of the Ganges?

 Yamuna, Ghagra, Gandak, Ramganga, Gomati, Sharada, Son and Kosi
36. Which are the major tributaries of the Indus River?

 Jhelum, Chenab, Beas, Ravi and Sutlej
III Answer the following questions in 2 – 4 sentences each.

1. Explain the Brahmaputra river system?
 It rises near lake Manasa Sarovar
 It flows towards east
 It enter India through a narrow gorge in Arunachal Pradesh
 It joins Ganga
2. What is irrigation? Mention its main types in India?

 The supply of water to agriculture from canals wells and tanks artificially or
manually.
Types of Irrigation
 Well irrigation
 Canal irrigation
 Tank irrigation
3. Why is irrigation important in India?

 India is an agriculture country
 Indian agriculture depends Monsoon rain
 Monsoon is uncertain, seasonal and unevenly distributed

 The certain crops requires regular supply of water
4. Write a note on Almatti River Valley project

 Project is a part of Upper Krishna project
 Dam is constructed on river Krishna
 It provides irrigation, Drinking water.
 Generation of electricity
 It constructed near Almatti village
5. What are multi-purpose river valley projects? Mention their objectives?

 The river valley projects which provide multiple benefits.
 The objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects are
 Providing water for irrigation
 Providing water for domestic use
 Providing water for industries
 Providing water for fisheries
 Providing water for navigation
 To control floods
 To prevent soil erosion
 To provide water for afforestation
6. Explain importance and distribution of Well irrigation

 Irrigation is possible even in areas of low rainfall
 It is cheap and easy to dig.
 Do not require superior technology.
 It is easy even for small farmers to dig wells.
 Distribution :- well irrigation is largely practiced in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, TamilNadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
7. Mention the Rivers &Multi-purpose river valley Projects of India.

Rivers Multi-purpose river valley Projects
 Sutlej  Bhakra-Nangal Project
 Mahanadi  Hirakud Project
 Krishna  The Nagarjuna Sagar Project
 Damodar  Damodar Valley Project
 Tunga Bhadra  Tungabhadra Project
 Kosi  The Kosi Project
 Rihand  The Rihand Valley Project

8. Name the Sorrow Rivers of India
Sorrow Rivers States
 Kosi  Sorrow River of Bihar.
 Damodar  Sorrow River of Bengal.
 Mahanadi  Sorrow River of Odisha.
9. Differentiate between inundation canals and perennial canals.

Inundation canals Perennial canals
 Water is drawn directly from  Water is drawn directly from
the river. the dams.
 Flow only during rainy season.  Water is supplied throughout
the year.
10. Differentiate between Well Irrigation and Canal Irrigation.

Well Irrigation Canal Irrigation
 Possible in low rainfall area  Possible only in highest rainfall area
 It is cheap and easy to dig Wells  Costliest to construct canals
 Even small farmers also dig  Construction and maintained by
wells Govt.
 Do not required superior  Required superior technology
technology
11. Name the river system of South India

 East flowing rivers : Godavari, Cauvery, Krishna and Mahanadi
 West flowing rivers : Narmada, Tapi, Nethravathi and Sharaavathi

1. The land which is not used for cultivation is called Fallow Land.
2. A system of farming involving both crops and livestock is known as Mixed farming.
3. The crops grown in between the Kharif and Rabi season are called Zaid Crop Season.
4. The largest rice producing state in India is West Bengal.

1. What is meant by „Land use‟?
 Making use of land for various Purposes.
2. What is meant by Net Area Sown?

 Land that can be used to cultivate crops.
3. What is fallow land?
 The land which is not used for cultivation.
4. What is Agriculture?
 The art of cultivating land
5. What do you mean by sedentary farming?

 Cultivation of land at a fixed location.
6. What do you mean by shifting cultivation?

 Farmer moves from one place to another place for cultivation.
7. What do you mean by plantation farming?

 Cultivation of single crop over a large area for the market. Ex : Tea, Coffee and
Rubber
8. What do you meant by Khariff crops?

 The crop grown during the rainy season.
9. What do you meant by Rabi crops?

 The crop grown during North-East monsoon season.
10. What do you meant by Zaid farming?

 Crops are grown in between the Khariff and the Rabi crops.
11. Which is main crop of Rabi crops season?

 Wheat
12. Which country has the largest paddy growing area in the world?
 India
13. Which is the largest Paddy-producing state in India?

 West Bengal
14. Which state known as „granary of wheat‟ in India?

 Punjab state
15. Which country is the origin place of Sugarcane?

 India
16. Which country is the largest producer of Tea in the World?

 India

17. What do you meant by Floriculture?
 Productions of flowers for marketing.
18. What is Horticulture?

 The intensive cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flower, medicinal and aromatic plants
is Called Horticulture
19. What is the total forest area in India?

 22.8% area of the total area.
20. Which is the main Khariff crop of India?

 Rice
21. Which country has the largest cotton field in the world?
 India
22. What is meant by Land use pattern?

 Utilizing the land for a variety of purposes like cultivation, forestry and pastures is
known as Land use
23. What are the beverage crops? Give examples

 The crops which are used to produce stimulating drinks are called „beverage crops‟
Example: - Tea and coffee
III. Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentences each

1. Mention the Classification of land use.
 Net area sown Forest Area
 Land not available for cultivation Fallow Land
 Cultivable wasteland
 Permanent Pastures.
 Grazing lands
2. Explain the role of Horticulture in India.

OR
How horticulture helps in economic development of India? Explain.
 Optimum utilization of natural resources
 Generating skilled employment for the rural masses.
 It enhances exports
 It helps food security.
 It useful to earn foreign exchange
 Optimum utilization of agricultural land
 It makes agriculture more profitable

3. Distinguish between Khariff and Rabi crop season
Khariff Cropping Season Rabi Cropping Season
 The crop grown in rainy season  The crop grown in winter season
 The sowing take place in June- July  The sowing takes place in October-
 Crop harvested in September - November
October  Crops harvested in Feb-March.
 Paddy, Ragi, cotton are main crops  Wheat, Barley, Gram are the main crops
4. Types of agriculture with their meaning

Types of agriculture Meaning
Subsistence farming Farmers Growing crops for their own use.
Intensive Farming Farming in which large amount of capital and labour are applied.
Commercial Farming Farming in which crops are grown for the market.
Mixed Farming Cultivation of crops and livestock rearing.
Plantation Forming Cultivation of single crop over a large area for the market.
Dry Forming Farming carried on in areas which receives scanty rainfall.
Humid Forming Cultivation of crops in areas which receives sufficient rainfall.
Farming under which crops are grown with the help of

Irrigation forming
irrigation
5. How has agriculture helped in the development of secondary and tertiary sectors?
 It supports development of trade.
 It promotes transport.
 It helps to banking.
 It is useful to progress of insurance.
 It supports industries like cotton, jute, sugar industries.
 It provides market for both sectors.
 It provides food grains to workers of both sectors
6. Explain the impotence of agriculture in India.

 Main occupation of the people.
 Main source of food for the people
 Provides fodder for animals.
 Promotes tertiary sector.
 Provides raw materials to industries
 Helps earning foreign exchange.
 Provide employment.
 Promotes the savings of the people.
 Provide market for the industrial goods.

7. Geographical conditions required for the cultivation of various crops.
Crop Temperature Rainfall Soil Leading State
Paddy 18 to 25 c
0 0 100 - 200cm Alluvial & clayey West Bengal
Wheat 10 to 15 c
0 0 50 – 70 cm Loamy & black Uttar Pradesh
Sugarcane 21 to 26 c
0 0 100 – 150cm Alluvial & Loamy Uttar Pradesh
Cotton 210 to 240 c 50 – 100cm Black cotton soil Gujarat
Tea 210 to 300 c 150 – 250cm Mountain soil Assam
Tobacco 210 to 230 c 50 to 100cm Sandy loamy soil Andhra Pradesh

1. For the development of villages and agriculture in India Road/Land means of transport
is essential.
2. Mumbai port is called as Gateway of India.
3. The newspaper Bombay Samachar was started in 1822.

1. Which port has an artificial harbor?
 Chennai port
2. What is the name given to Bangalore International Airport?

 Kempegowda International Airport
3. Under which scheme attempts are being made to convert mud roods into Metaled
roads in rural areas?
 “Grama Sadak Yojana”
4. Which is the new mode of land transportation?

 Pipelines Transport
5. Recently the role of inland water ways was reduced. Why?

 Due to the development of Roads and Railways.
6. Which port is known as 'Gate way of Karnataka'?

 New Mangalore Port
7. Which port is known as the 'Queen of the Arabian Sea'?

 Kochi

8. Which is the oldest and still existing Newspaper in India?
 Bombay Samachar (Published I 1822)
9. The first railway line was laid between which cities of India?
 Bombay and Thane
10. What is meant by Transport?

 Movement of goods service and passengers from one place to another place
11. What is Communication?

 Sending of messages from one person to another or from one place to another place.
12. Who maintains Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highways?
 National Highways Authority of India
13. Who maintains National Highways?

 The Central Public Works Department
14. Who is in charge of District Roads?

 Zilla panchayat is incharge of these roads
15. What is Border Roads?

 Roads in border areas, which are especially used for defence purpose, are called
Border Roads
16. Who maintains Border Roads?

 Border Roads Development Authority.
17. During the British Why the railways were constructed In India?
 The railways were constructed during the British period for convenient transport of
raw materials and the movement of army from one place to another.
18. Which is the largest public sector undertaking in India?

 Railways form the largest public sector undertaking in India
19. Which is a new mode of land transport?

 Pipelines are a new mode of land transport
20. Mention two types of Waterways

 Inland waterways & Ocean waterways
20. Which is the biggest, most spacious and well sheltered port?
 Mumbai port

22. When did All India Radio come to be known as Akashvani ?
 1957
23. What is the new name of Nhava Sheva port?

 Jawaharlal Neharu Port
24. Which port has been built for the release of pressure on the Mumbai port?
 Jawaharlal Neharu Port
25. When was All India Radio (AIR) coined?

 1936
26. Which port is known as “the Queen of the Arabian Sea”?

 Kochi port is known as “the Queen of the Arabian Sea”.
27. Who manages these airports in India?

 The Airport Authority of India.
28. Which port has been developed to reduce the pressure of traffic on Chennai port?
 Ennore port
29. Which port is the deepest land locked and protected port?
 Visakhapatnam port
30. Which is the second biggest port in India and largest terminal port in Southeast
Asia?
 Kolkata
III. Answer the following questions in 2 – 4 sentences each.

1. Explain Golden Quadrilateral and super highways
 Golden Quadrilateral Highway
 It is a project with four to six lane roads
 It was started in 1999
 They network connect major cities as well as cultural centers.
 They connect major industrial centers of the country
 The Super highways
 North-South Corridor: Srinagar to KanyaKumari
 East-West corridor : Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat
 These Roads connect many important cities and industrial centers

2. Give an account of Railways in India
 Useful to carry heavy goods over a long distance
 More number of passengers over a long distance
 They promote agriculture, Industry etc.
 Helps in economic development.
 Helps to expand trade and tourism
 Develops foreign trade.
3. Write a note on Airways in India

 Quickest means of transport
 Very efficient to carry passengers and mail
 Very useful during floods, earthquakes.
 Most important during war.
4. Mention the different types of Communications in India

 Postal service
 Telecommunication
 Radio and television
 News papers
 Computer network
 Internet and E-mail
5. Mention important International Airports of India.

 Indira Gandhi International Airport -Delhi
 Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport -Mumbai
 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport -Kolkata
 Anna International Airport -Chennai
 Kempegowda International Airport -Bangalore
 Rajeev Gandhi international airport -Hyderabad
6. Mention the types of roads on basis of construction and maintenance

 Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highways (National Highway Authority of India)
 National Highways (Central Public Works Department)
 State Highways (State Public Works Department)
 District roads (Zilla Panchayat)
 Village roads (Grama Panchayat)
7. What are the uses of Postal Service?

 Provide many services.
 Carrying letters,
 Carry packets & parcels.
 Carry money order.
 Provides savings bank facilities.
 Issue National Savings Certificates.
8. Mention the ports on the west coast and east coast

Western Ports Eastern Ports
 Kandla  Tuticorin.
 Mumbai  Chennai
 Jawaharlal Nehru Port  Ennore
 MarmaGoa  Visakhapatnam
 New Mangalore  Para deep
 Cochin.  Haldia
 Kolkata
 Port Blair
9. Road transport is better than Railway transport. Substantiate (March-19)

OR
Explain briefly the importance of Road Transport in India.
 Feeders to railways.
 Easy to construct and maintain
 Roads help to develop villages.
 Promotes agricultural development.
 Roads provide the movement of goods.
 Promotes industrial development.
 Supply essential commodities required by the people.
 Helps to movement of agricultural produce to marks.
 Provide door to door service
 Best transport for short distance.
10. Explain the importance of transport.

 Promote primary sector.
 Efficient and cheap means of transport
 Helps to develop resources.
 Promotes industrial progress
 Widen the market.
 Increases internal and external trade,
 Provides employment,
 Raises the income.
 Raise the standard of living of the people,
 Encourages tourism.
 Helps defence.

11. What is the importance of communication?
 Helps in sending Messages from person to person and place to place quickly.
 Helps in creating awareness among the people.
 Helps to know about natural hazards and disasters,
 Helps in weather forecasting.
 It helps in the progress of trade, industry, agriculture etc.
 It provides entertainment.
 It provides day to day information of the world.
 Provides employment to many.
 They educate the people.
 Helps to strengthen the unity and integrity.
12. What are the uses of remote sensing technology (RST)?

 Collects information regarding the Earth‟s surface.
 Gathers information about the distance between two objects without touching
objects.
 Aerial and satellite photos are taken through remote sensing
13. What are the uses of Radio and Television?

 Entertain people.
 Give information to farmers
 Give information of commodity prices.
 Give information of weather forecast.
 Give information to modern methods of cultivation etc.
 Provide educational Programme.
 Forecast news.
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answer

1. Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd is located in Karnataka state.
2. Bauxite is the main raw material for Aluminium industry.
3. The Paper industry is a forest based industry.
4. The first modern paper mill was set up in 1932 at Serampur.
II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCE each.

1. Which is known as 'Manchester of India' or 'Cotton polis‟ of India'?
 Mumbai

2. Name the Silicon Valley of India.
 Bangalore
3. What is meant by manufacturing industries?

 The process of conversion of raw materials into usable products
4. Why do the construction companies provide more demand for Aluminium?

 Aluminium has multipurpose use.
 Used as a substitute for steel and copper in construction.
5. Bengaluru is called “Silicon Valley of India”. Why?

 Bengaluru is the center for Indian software industry
6. Where the first modern iron and steel industry in India was started?
 At Kulti

1. Describe the distribution of Cotton textile industry in India?
 widely distributed over 76 town and cities
 Concentrated mainly in Cotton growing areas
 Located in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
 Largely concentrated in Mumbai.
 Mumbai is known as „Manchester of India‟ and „Cotton polis of India‟
2. Mention the factors essential for the location industries.

 Availability of raw material
 Availability of energy resource
 Availability of Labours
 Good transport facility
 Good market facility
 Technology and government policies
 Land Availability at low cost
 Port facility
3. List out the major industrial regions of India

 Hooghly-Kolkata region
 Mumbai-Pune region
 Ahmedabad-Vadodara region
 The Madurai-Coimbatore region
 The Delhi-Meerut region
 Vishakhapatnam-Guntur region
 Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region

4. Give an account of Aluminium industry in India
 Metal based industry in India
 Started in 1942 at Jayakay nagar in West Bengal.
 Used in manufacturing of aero planes, automobiles, household things etc.
 Used as packing materials.
 Used for paint industry.
 It is a good substitute for steel and copper.
 Needs raw material, electricity and wide market
 located in west Bengal, Kerala and Karnataka
6. Which are the public sector Iron and steel industries?

 Indian iron and steel company – Burnpur of West Bengal
 Vishweswaraiah iron and steel company – Bhadravathi of Karnataka
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd – Bhilai of Chattisgarh
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd - Rourkela of Odisha
 Hindustan Iron and steel Ltd – Durgapur of West Bengal
 Bokaro steel plant – Bokaro of Jharkhand
 Salem steel plant – Salem of TamilNadu
 Vishakhapatnam steel plant– Vishakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh
7. Sugar industries are located on the Ganga river region. Why?

 Availability of Sugarcane
 Labour at low cost.
 Technology.
 Government policies
8. Explain how industries help in economics development of a country? (March-2019)

 It reduce the reliance on primary product
 It reduces imported goods
 It increases national income
 It increases per capita income
 Earns foreign exchange
 Creates job opportunities
 Increases G.D.P
9. Most of the cotton industries in India are located Gujarat &Maharashtra. Why?
 Availability of raw cotton.
 Availability of Labour
 Technology and government policies
 Land Availability at low cost
 Port facility
10. What are the raw materials used in the paper production?
 Soft wood.
 Bamboo.
 Cellulosic pulp.
 Sabai grass.
 Straw of paddy.
 Bagasse.
 Cotton lint
 Rags.
11. What is the importance of Paper Industry?

 Paper is used for writing.
 Paper is used for wrapping,
 Paper is used for packing.
 Paper is used for printing.
 Provide employment.
 Provide market for forest based products.
 Promotes education & literacy
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Which is the most destructive atmospheric disaster?
 Cyclone
2. Which Indian coast is the most Cyclone-affected area?

 East coast
3. In Which geographical area the earthquakes are rarely found in India?

 The peninsular zone
4. What is a tsunami?
 The Tsunami is the large waves generated by earthquake.
5. What are Natural Disasters?

 The natural hazards which create widespread destruction

6. What are floods?
 Floods refer to the inundation of land by river water.
7. What is a Cyclone?
 Cyclone the wind blows spirally inwards towards the center of low pressure.
8. Which states are worst hit by cyclones?

 Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal.
9. Coastal erosion is more in the west coast than east coast. Why?
 High tides during rainy seasons.
 High waves bash the coast and leads to erosion.
II. Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentence each.

1. What are natural disasters? Give examples
 The natural hazards which create widespread destruction
 Examples: - Cyclones, Floods, Landslides, Coastal erosion and Earthquakes
2. What are floods? Mention the natural causes of floods?

 Floods refer to inundation of land by river water.
Natural Causes Man-made factors
 Heavy rainfall Melting of snow  Deforestation. Faulty irrigation
Tropical cyclones Cloud burst  Agricultural practices.
 Blockage of free flow river water  Breaching of barrages Rapid
 Accumulation of silt in rivers urbanization.
3. What are the effects of floods?

 Cause loss of life and property
 Damage to crops & vegetation
 Breakdown of communication.
 Damage power system.
 Dislocation of transport system.
 Soil erosion
 Disrupts essential services.
4. How do we control the flood?

 Afforestation in the catchment area
 Construction of dams across the rivers
 Construction of bunds.
 Establishing centers to issue floods warnings
 Afforestation.

5. What are the causes for coastal erosion?
 Monsoon winds.
 Tropical cyclones.
 Tsunamis
6. What are the major effects of cyclones?

 Causes loss of life and property
 Cause damage to buildings.
 Cause damage to transportation.
 Cause damage to communication system.
 Disrupt power supply.
 Destroy crops, vegetation, animals etc.
7. What are the Preventive Measures of Cyclones?

 Pay heed to the warnings.
 Opening Temporary shelters.
 Cyclone proof structures can be constructed.
 Growing Mangrove forests along the coast.
 Giving warning through radios & television.
 Re- routing the trains & buses.
 Evacuation of people from low laying areas.
 Keeping the transport ready.
8. What are the effects of Coastal erosion?

 Wash away the trees.
 Wash away the buildings.
 Cause damage to roads, railways etc.
 Cause landslides.
9. Make a list of causes responsible for land slide.

Natural forces Human forces
 Earthquakes.  Deforestation.
 Heavy rainfall.  Construction of roads.
 Coastal erosion.  Construction of dams
 Mining. & Quarrying.
10. What are effects of land slide?

 Blocking of roads.
 Blocking of Railways.
 Burying of human settlements.
 Burying of vegetation.
 Loss of life.
 Loss of property.
11. What are the preventive measures to land slide?
 Slope reduction.
 Prevention of rock falls along highways.
 Avoiding of mining.
 Avoiding quarrying activities.
 Massive reforestation.
12. List out the causes of Cyclones.

 High temperature. Calm air
 Highly saturated air.
13. How can we prevent Coastal erosion?

 Constructing Sea Walls.
 Restrict sand mining in coastal areas.
 Planting Mangrove trees along the coast.
 Stocking of large rocky boulders along the coast.
14. What are the causes for earthquakes?

 Plate movements volcanic eruption
 Faulting and folding
 Landslides
 Collapse of underground cave roofs
 Hydrostatic pressure.
15. What are the effects of earthquakes?

 Damage to buildings.
 Destruction of rails & roads.
 Destruction of power lines.
 Damage to bridges & dams.
 Loss of human.
 Landslides.
 Diversion of rivers.
 Destruction of forests.
 Fire accidents.
16. List out the precautionary measures to be taken to reduce the effects of earthquakes?
 Restricting construction of multi-storied buildings
 Restricting construction of large Dams
 Restricting underground mining
 Restricting urban growth
 Stop deforestation
 Stop quarrying activities.
 Build earthquake resistant houses.
Important Places of marking.

1. Economic development is a process.
2. In an underdeveloped country, basically the per capita income is lower.
3. Human development indicates expansion of HDI.
4. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is responsible for publishing

global Human Development Reports.
5. Sex ratio was 943 in India in 2011.

1. What is economic development?
 Economic progress of a country is termed as Economic development

2. Define the economic development according to Prof. Meier and Baldwin.
 It is a process where an economy's real national income increases over a long period
of time.
3. What is per capita income? How calculated it?

 The average income of the individual of a country. Formula is: Total national
income divided by total population of country.
4. What is national income?

 The total production of goods and services of a country during one year
5. What the word "real" Refers in real national income?

 The word real refers to purchasing power of income of an individual.
6. Who defines the economic development as improvement of economic welfare?

 Prof. Colin Clark.
7. What is human development according to Amartya sen?

 HD is expansion of capabilities of people‟s Health, Education and Purchasing
power.
8. How India ranked in HDI in 2014?

 135th rank with 0.586 points.
9. What is sex (gender) ratio?

 The number of females for every 1000 males
10. Which is the institution started HDI to measure the development of the countries?
 UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
11. What is the men and women literacy rate according to 2011 census?
 Men literacy rate is 82.14% whereas women's literacy rate is 65.46%.
12. What are the reasons for low sex ratio in India?
 Female feticide & female infanticide
13. What do you mean by Development?

 The progress in a particular field or a segment of people.
14. What is underdevelopment?

 It means backwardness and stagnant situation.

15. Why sex ratio is declining in the country?
 Due to the killing of female foetus.
16. What is women empowerment?

 It is a process of where the women can take independent decisions in all the fields
like economically, politically, socially is called women empowerment.
17. What is process?

 The operation of the forces that bring about changes in supply of factors of
production and, in the structure of demand for the products.
18. What are developing countries?

 All countries with middle and low income are referred to as developing countries.

1. Explain the factors which determine the long life expectancy?
 Nutritious food.
 Health and hygiene.
 Clean environment.
 Education
2. Which are factors those bring changes in supply and production?

 Discovery of additional resources.
 Education.
 Skill development.
 Capital formation.
 Population growth.
 Adoption of better technology.
3. What are the aims & objectives of Development?

 Increase in income
 Rise in income.
 Reduce poverty.
 Create employment.
 Environment protection.
 Welfare of the people.
4. What are the reasons for Underdevelopment?

 Low national income.
 Low Per capita income.
 Unemployment.
 Poverty.
 Over population.

5. Per capita income in not an indicator of true development. Justify.
 It does not consider the distribution of income among all the people as well as
availability of basic amenities like food, shelter, education, health and others.
6. Which are the three main elements of economic development according to Prof. Meier
and Baldwin?
 Process.
 Real national income.
 Long period.
7. What is HDI? What are its indicators?

 It measures the development of all the countries of the world based on very basic
core factors compared with developed countries.
Indicators are
1) life expectancy
2) Educational achievements
3) Per capita income.
8. Differentiate between Underdeveloped & Developed Countries

Underdeveloped Countries. Developed Countries.
 Low national income.  High national income.
 Low Per capita income.  High Per capita income.
 Unemployment.  More employment.
 Over population.  Limited population.
 Low literacy rate.  High literacy rate.
 Low standard of living.  High standard of living.
 Lack of medical facility.  Availability of medical facility.
9. Gender discrimination is widely practicing in India. Justify.

 Per 1000 males there are 945 females.
 Literacy rate among women was 65.46%.
 Women are working more in unorganized fields.
 Women are paid low wages compared to men.
 Female foeticide & female infanticide is high.
 Lack of opportunities to women in political fields.
10. HDI is very essential to measure economic development? Discuss.

 Population rises along with the increase of national income it doesn't give a real
picture about economic development.
 Per capita income does not indicate the distribution of income among the people.
 Availability of Food, shelter, education, health and other social factors are not
considered.
So HDI is very essential to measure the economic development
11. "Women self-help groups are supportive to women empowerment" justify.
 Helps to undertake business.
 Helps to earn income.
 Helps women to lead a life of dignity.
 Helps women to save their income.
 Helps to organize women.
 Helps women to fight violence.
 They make to take independent decisions.
 It helps to achieve economic empowerment
12. Explain the results of HDI of India according to 2012 survey?

 According to 2012 statistics India placed 136th rank with 0.554 points.
 The average Life expectancy was 65.8 years.
 Per capita income was $3203.
 The average year of schooling is 4.4 years.
13. How should be achieve the women empowerment? (June 2019.)

 Many laws have been enacted to curb violence against women.
 Guarantee of equal wages for women.
 Providing reservation of seats in elected bodies.
 By creating awareness about gender equality.
14. Comparison of economic development between countries with different levels of

population will not be correct. Why?
 Levels of population will not be correct.
 Economic progress in a country will be slower, if the population expands along
with the increase in national income.
 Therefore, comparison of economic development between countries with different
15. Define development and explain the process of development.

 The process of enhancing society‟s capacity to satisfy its needs on a larger scale is
referred to as development.
 Changes in factor supply take place due to :
 discovery of additional resources
 education and skill development
 Capital accumulation
 population growth
 adoption of better techniques of production
 Demand for products changes due to:
 change in size and composition of population
 Level and distribution of income tastes etc.
 These changes contribute to an increase in national income

1. The true development of India is the development of its villages‟. This was told by
Mahatma Gandhiji.
2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, a three tier levels of Panchayat
institutions have come into existence.
3. The Women Self-Help Groups have been brought into existence in order to bring
together poor rural women and make them financially independent.
4. Panchayat institutions operate under Decentralization principles.

1. The gap between urban and rural areas is widening. Give reason.
 The contribution from agricultural sector to the national income is very less, and is
declining over the years.
2. What is the total population of India lived in villages?

 68.84% population lived in rural areas.
3. Who stated that "The true development of villages is the true development of India?
 Mahatma Gandhiji.
4. Expand the term MGNREGS?

 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.
5. What is the total population of India depends on Agriculture (primary sector)?

 60%
6. What is rural development?

 A process of economic and social upliftment of rural areas.
7. What is decentralization?
 Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to
the people themselves is called decentralization.
8. Which are the THREE layers of Panchayat Raj system?

 Grama Panchayat ● Taluk Panchayat ● Zilla Panchayat
9. How many GP, TP and ZP are in Karnataka at present?

 Zilla Panchayat-30, Taluk Panchayat-176, Grama Panchayat- 6022

10. Which is the constitutional amendment that provides Uniform system of Panchayat
Raj institutions in India?
 73rd constitutional amendment in 1993.
11. Why the 73rd constitutional amendment act implemented in India on 1993?
 To establish uniform system of Panchayat Raj system.
 To decentralized the power to local people.
III. Answer the following questions in 2- 4 sentence each.

1. Write any FOUR housing programs of India?
 PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Avas Yojana)
 AVY (Ambedkar Valmiki Yojana)
 IAY (Indira Gandhi Avas Yojana)
 Ashraya Yojana
2. Explain the features of rural economy of India?

 People depending on Agriculture.
 Stagnation and slow growth of agriculture.
 Declining of cottage industries.
 60% of people working in primary sector.
 Constant decrease of the contribution of primary sector to GDP
 Widening the gap between rural and urban areas
3. Make a list of activities that are essential for Rural Development?

 Expansion of literacy.
 Promote female literacy.
 Skill development.
 Improvement of sanitation and public health.
 Land reforms.
 Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit etc.
 Market facility
 transport facility
 Specific programs for removal of poverty.
4. List out the important features of Panchayat Raj system adopted in India 1993?
 It is a three tier system which consists of GP , TP, ZP and GRAMA SABHA
 Direct and periodic elections.
 Reservation for SC, ST, OBC and Women (50%).
 Provision of financial and administrative responsibilities.
 Independent budget and audit requirements.
 Provision for executive support and staff
 A strict procedure to dissolution.
 Supervision of Panchayat.

 mandatory elections within 6 months of dissolution
5. Explain the Gandhiji concept of Grama Swaraj in the backdrop of decentralization?

 Give the village administration power to the local people.
 People participate in decision making.
 It reduces various kinds of exploitation.
 It upholds human independence and dignity.
 It nurtures human values.
 Encourage the small scale, rural and cottage industries.
 Village head should maintain the peace and order.
6. What are the reasons for rural backwardness and poverty?

 Non remunerative job.
 Over dependency.
 Employment not being regular.
 Problems by globalization.
 Industrialization.
 Urbanization.
7. Explain the role of PRI's in Rural Development?

 Providing basic facilities like roads, drains, drinking water, school etc.
 Encouraging primary and middle school education.
 Expansion of health facilities.
 Public distribution system in villages.
 Development of rural & cottage industries.
 MGNREGS Programme for employment.
 Providing Housing schemes like Indira Awas Yojana.
 Creating more employment opportunities.
 Development of agriculture.
 Improving the standard of living of people.
8. „Women Self-Help Groups‟ play important role in the life of Women. How?
 Organizing poor rural women.
 Making rural women financially independent.
 Helps to get loans easily.
 Helps to establish women themselves in various fields.
 Helps women to engage in productive activities.
 Helps women in mobilizing savings.
 Helps women to fight against exploitation.
 Helps women to fight against social evils.

9. Explain the importance of Rural Development?
 It contributes development of the country.
 Creates more demand for industrial products.
 Creates demand for service sector.
 Creating more employment.
 It supports to service
 Increased literacy and skill development which leads to higher productivity.
 Promotes small scale and cottage industries.

1. The word Bank has been derived from the French word “Banque”.
2. The Banker‟s Bank is The Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
3. An example for Nationalized bank State Bank of India.
4. The National saving certificates are issued by Post Offices.
5. The type of account where any number of transactions can be made in a day with Bank
is Savings Bank Account.
6. The deposits for a fixed term can be deposited in Term or Fixed Deposit Account.

1. What is bank transaction?
 Any sort of activity involving in money or exchange of money in an account.
2. Why do you call Reserve bank is called bankers bank?

 All the banking transactions in India are controlled by the Reserve Bank of India.
3. What is the recent development in banking?

 Postal Bank of India.
4. Which account is opened by students‟ employees and senior citizen?

 Savings Bank Account

5. Which accounts are generally opened by a person for a purpose to be saved for a
future date?
 Recurring Deposit Account
6. In which type of account the Deposit amount cannot be withdrawn before the expiry
of the term?
 Term or Fixed Deposit Account
7. In which type of account the holder himself pay the service charges?
 Current Account
III. Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each

1. What are the Characters of banks?
 Dealing with Money.
 Lending Loans.
 Banking Business.
 Acceptance of Deposits.
 Connecting Link.
 Payment and Withdrawal
2. What are the functions of Banks?

 Accepting deposits from public.
 Lending loans to public.
 Transferring money from one place to another.
 Discounting of bills.
 Hiring safe deposit lockers.
 Conducting foreign exchange transactions.
3. What are the procedures to open a bank account?

 Decide the type of account.
 Approach the bank & meet the officer.
 Fill up the Bank account form.
 Give reference for opening your Bank account.
 Submit the Bank account form duly filled.
 Officers will scrutiny the form.
 Initial Deposit
4. What are the advantages of opening a bank account?

 Helps in making payments.
 Helps in collection of money.
 Helps holders get loans.
 Helps in smooth financial transactions.
 Helps holders to get safe deposit locker facility.

 It facilitates safe custody of money.
5. “The number of saving bank account holders is increasing”-Give reasons

 Opened by salaried persons.
 It can be opened by the students.
 Opened by senior citizens.
 Opened by pensioners etc.
 It helps to save money.
 No restriction on the number and amount of deposits.
 Money can be withdrawn either by cheque or through a withdrawal slip
6. What are the services offered by banks?

 Debit Card and Credit Cards
 Safe Deposit Lockers.
 Personal Loans.
 Trust Services.
 Home loans.
 Vehicle loans
 Mutual Funds.
 E-Banking.
7. What are the services offered by Postal Banks of India?

 Issue of National Savings Certificate,
 KissanVikas Patra
 Monthly Recurring deposits
 Postal Life Insurance
 Pension payment
 Money transfer
8. Explain the relationship between Bankers and customers.

1. General relationship.
 Primary Relationship
 Subsidiary Relationship.
 Agent and Principal Relationship
2. Special relationship
 Obligation to honour cheque.
 Obligation to maintain secrecy of account.

1. The word entrepreneur has come from the French word Entreprende.
2. The process of action, an entrepreneur undertakes to establish an enterprise is called

Entrepreneurship.
3. The person who developed Apollo Group of hospitals was Dr. Pratap Reddy.
4. The Chairperson of Wipro is Azim Premji.

1. Who is called as an innovator of new ideas in business?
 Entrepreneur.
2. What is an Entrepreneurship?
 It is a process of an action of an entrepreneur who undertakes to establish his
enterprise.
3. Who is an Entrepreneur?
 An innovator of new ideas in business
4. Who started Amul milk?

 Varghese Kurien
5. Who is the founder of INFOSYS Technologies Ltd?

 Narayan Murthy
6. Who is the father of WHITE Revolution?

 Varghese Kurian.
7. Who established the RELIANCE Company?

 Dhirubhai Ambani
8. Which institution is the largest Research and Development (R.D) provider?

Who is its founder?
 WIPRO Technologies. Its founder is Azim Premji
9. Who is known as the Queen of Indian Television sector?

 Ekta Kapoor.

10. Who is the Chairman and Managing Director of Biocon Ltd.?
 Kiran Mazumdar shah
11. Who was awarded the best entrepreneur of the year 2001?
 Ekta Kapoor.
12. Which is the largest Biotechnology Company in India?

 Biocon Limited
13. What is NASDAQ?

 National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations.
14. Which ministry of central government helps to the self-employment opportunities?

 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
15. How idea of establishment of „The Apollo Hospital‟s‟ came to Dr. Pratap Reddy ?
 The idea came to Dr,Reddy, when a patient ,who could not make it to go to Texas in
America for open heart surgery
16. What are the key factors for the success according to Narayan Murthy?
 Honesty, transparency and moral integrity
III. Answer the following questions in 2 – 4 sentences each.

1. “Entrepreneurship is a creative activity”. How?
 It is the ability to create and build something.
 It is a knack of sensing the opportunity where others see chaos.
 It is a mind to seek opportunities.
 He derives benefits by setting up a venture.
 It is an innovative activity.
2. Which are the examples of self-employed entrepreneurship?

 The corner shop
 Mom and pop grocery
 Scrap dealer
 Internet cyber shops
3. List out the areas of Self-Employment Opportunities for Entrepreneur.

 Advertising agencies.
 Marketing Consultancy.
 Industrial Consultancy.
 Photo copying centers.
 Industrial Testing Labs.
 Internet browsing center.

 Equipment Rental and Leasing.
4. Entrepreneur plays an important role in nurturing economic development of India.

How?
 Promotes capital formation.
 Provide employment to people.
 Helps the country to increase GDP and Per Capita Income.
 Promotes development of Industries.
 Promote country‟s export trade.
 Enable the people to avail better quality goods at lower price.
 Tries to improve the standard of living.
5. Entrepreneurs serve as the “Sparkplug” in the economy‟s engine. Justify.

OR
Explain the importance of an Entrepreneur.
 Stimulates the economic progress.
 Mobilize the savings of the public.
 Create employment opportunities.
 Promote countries export.
 Introduces new methods.
 Increases the National income.
 Expand domestic market.
 Introduce new products to markets.
6. What are the characteristics of Entrepreneurship?

 Creativity.
 Innovation.
 Dynamism.
 Leadership.
 Team building.
 Problem solving.
 Risk taking.
 Decision making.
 Commitment.
 Self Confidence.
7. Which are examples of entrepreneur‟s ideas that got converted into products or
services?
 Computers
 Mobile phones
 Washing machines
 ATM‟s
 Courier service

 Instant foods.
8 .Mention promotional institutions which have been setup to help emerging

Entrepreneurs?
 District Industrial Centers
 Small Industries Development Corporation Ltd
 National Small Industries Corporation
 Small Scale Industries Board
 Small Industries Service Institutions
 Industrial Estates
 Khadi & amp; Village Industries Corporation
 Technical Consultancy Organizations
9. What are the Functions of Entrepreneur?

 He organizes factors of production.
 He starts new business activity.
 He introduces new methods into practice.
 He handles budget of his concern.
 He bears risk and uncertainty.
 He co-ordinates things effectively.

1. The other name of the Consumer is the king of market.
2. Person giving goods or services for money is called Consumer.
3. The Consumer Day is observed on March 15 every year.
4. In the case of compensation exceeding Rs. one crores, the complaint has to be submitted
to the National Commission
5. In the case of compensation exceeding 5.00 lakhs, the complaint has to be submitted to
the District Forum

1. Who is a Consumer?
 Person who buy goods & services.
2. What is the main aim of Consumer Movement?

 To protect consumers from exploitation by the producers and traders.

3. What is the Right of every Consumer?
 Right to get quality goods.
4. When did Consumer Protection Act come into force in India?

 In 1986
5. When did the World Consumers‟ Day come into force?

 March 15, 1962.
6. What do you mean by Consumer Protection?

 The protection to consumers against the exploitation by the producers and traders.
7. What is Tele Shopping?

 The consumer can sit at home and directly buy the goods from the traders using
information technology Or SMS.
8. Who is a Seller?
 The person who sell goods & services to consumer.
9. Who appoints the President of the District Consumer Forum?

 State Government.
10. When do we celebrate World Consumer‟s Day?

 Every March 15th.
11. What is the movement started by women of Mumbai called?

 AWARE

1. What are the problems faced by consumer?
OR
What are the causes for consumer exploitation?
 Cheating by the seller.
 Over Charging.
 Exploitation by the agent.
 Adulteration.
 False weights & measures.
2. Mention three stages of Consumer Courts.

 District Forum.
 State Commission.
 National Commission.

3. Mention the four important aims of the Consumer Protection Council.
 Safety and quality of goods.
 Avoiding production and sale of dangerous goods.
 Prevention of Trade Malpractices in the market.
 Supervision on Quality, Weights, Measures and Price.
 Creating awareness to the consumers.
4. What are the rights guaranteed to consumers by The Consumer Protection Act?
 The Right to Information.
 Right to Choice.
 Right to Consumer Education.
 Right to stop exploitation.
 Right to be heard.
5. Mention the Consumer disputes redresses agencies.

Forums Office Amount they deal
District Forum. Every District less than Rs. 20 lakhs
State Commission Capital city Rs. 20 lakhs to one crores
National Commission Delhi More than Rs. one crores.
6. What are the methods to follow to file a complaint in consumer court?

 The complaint may be typed one or hand written.
 The complaint should include the name of the person, Full address and Telephone
Number.
 The person or organization against whom the complaint is made should be,
mentioned clearly with address.
 The particulars of the goods by which the loss has incurred and the amount of loss
should be specified clearly.

Multiple Choice Questions
1. 15th august 1947, when the entire country was celebrating independence Gandhiji
was at Naukli.
2. The eastern slopes of Western Ghats do not receive rain as much as western slopes
because they lie in rain shadow region.
3. The state in which Chipco movement was started Uttar Pradesh.
4. The prohibition of child labour act was brought into force in the year 1986.
5. The south west monsoon starts to retreat in October due to
Low temperature and high pressure.
6. Untouchability Crime Act implemented in the year 1955.
7. In the present digital world, the division of labour is done through Specialization.
8. The department which issue Kissan Vikas Patra is Post Offices.
9. The article of Our Constitution prohibited the Untouchability Article 17.
[
10. The states which opposed to join the Indian Territory were
Hyderabad, Junagadh, Jammu-Kashmir.
11. The First Viceroy of the Portuguese who came to India was
Francisco de Almeida.
12. Education as a public property argued by B R Ambedkar.
13. Ramanna decided to save money to build a house in future. If so, the account
you suggest to him is Recurring deposit Account.
14. India‟s first Home minister was Sardar Valalbahabai Patel.
15. The human rights declaration was accepted by UNO general assembly on
10th December 1948.
16. The Bank Account that is best suitable for businessman is Current Account.
17. The type of soil which is largely found in Rajasthan is Desert soil.
18. The religious head of Tibet who took shelter in India was Dalai Lama.
19. Sagar buys worth of 15 lakhs car. The car has problems, but the company does
not responding he complaints. Now Sagar files a case in District Consumer Forum.
20. Mango shower is the name given to premonsoon shower in Kerala.

21. The place which has highest recorded temperature in India is Ganganagar.
22. An exclusive attachment or loyalty to one‟s own region or state is Regionalism.
23. The Prime Minister of India who signed the Panchsheel Principles with
Chou En-Lai was Jawaharlal Nehru.
24. Calcutta is popularly known as Tea port of India.
25. Scheme enforced for the development of rural women was Streeshakti.
26. Dual Government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive.

27. The reservoir which is built across the river Sutlej is Govind Sagar.
28. “Development of villages is the true development of India” was said by
Mahatma Gandhi.
29. Cultivating vegetables & pulses during April-May is the best example for Jade
farming.
30. The agreement at Tashkent between India and Pakistan was in the year 1966.
31. The highest peak in India is Mt. K2 / Godwin Austin.
32. The First Anglo-Mysore war ended with the Treaty of Madras.
33. U.N.O. adopted the Human Rights Declaration in the year 1948.
34. Black soil is suitable for dry farming as it Has high moisture retention capacity.
35. Narmada Bachao Andolan was led by Medha Patekar.
36. The value of the total production of goods and services of a country during a year is
National Income.
37. The construction of Damodar river project has resulted in Damodar as no more
Sorrow of Bengal.
38. The war that ended with the treaty of Salbai was First Anglo-Maratha War.
39. 39. The first lady who fought against the British in Karnataka was Rani Chennamma.
40. The type of climate that an India experience is Tropical Monsoon Climate.
41. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio‟s name is associated with this movement Young
Bengal Movement.
[
42. “Untouchability is a heinous expression of caste system and is leprosy attached to

Hindu skin” was declared by Gandhiji.
43. The highest peak in South India is Annaimudi.
44. The architect of Indian Foreign policy was Jawaharlal Nehru.
45. The soil formed from the weathering of granite, gneiss and other crystalline rocks is
Red soil.
46. The rain that occurs during April-May in West Bengal is called as Kalabaisakhis.
47. The place which is known as „Gateway of European Trade is Constantinople.
48. The National Saving Certificates are issued by Post offices.

49. Sea route to India was discovered by the Portugal sailor Vasco-da-Gama.
50. In Karnataka this institution is in existence to curb corruption Lokayukta.
51. The rebellion against British at Bidanur and Shikaripura in 1800 is Dhondia Wagh.
52. Panchasheela principles were signed between Jawaharlal Nehru & Chou Enlai.
53. Nagarjun Sagar project is built across the river Krishna river
54. Ashraya Yojana‟ was implemented with the intention of providing houses.
55. The consumer protection act was passed in the year 1986.
56. The founder of Ramakrishna Mission is Swami Vivekananda.
57. Iron Man of India is Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
58. The place with lowest rainfall is Roily.
59. The coldest month of India is January.
60. The leader of the movement opposing Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant was Shivaram
Karantha.
61. The place which receives the highest rainfall in India is Mausynram.
62. The main objective of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1993 is
Implementing uniform system of Panchayat Raj Institutions.
63. Every year the consumer day is observed on March 15th.
64. The British government’s last Governor General was Mount Batten.
65. In India the lowest temperature is recorded at Dras.
66. A journal named „Samvada Kaumudi‟ in Bengali language published by Raja Ram
Mohan Roy.
67. Backward regions of Karnataka have been accorded special status through this
Article 370 (J)
68. The highest peak in the world is Mount Everest.
69. Vishala Mysore State was renamed as Karnataka in 1956.
70. The meeting place of Western & Eastern Ghats is Nilgiris.
71. The post of Superintendent of Police was created by Lord Cornwallis.
72. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by Dalhousie.
73. The Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by Lord Wellesley .
One mark questions & Answers

1. Who was the first President of independent India ?
 Babu Rajendra Prasad.
2. Why is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel called as the „Iron man of India‟ ?

 Achieved integration of princely states.
3. Why was Dr. D. M. Nanjundappa Committee formed?
 To address the regional imbalances in Karnataka?
4. Indian foreign policy has been hailed as “Nehru‟s Foreign Policy”. Why?
 Formed by Jawahar lal Nehru
5. Where did Silent Valley movement takeplace?

 Kerala
6. Why was Chipco Movement launched?

 To stop cutting trees.
7. The northern plains are called deposited plains. Why?

 Formed by the deposition of alluvium.
8. Why was river Damodar called „Sorrow of Bengal‟?

 Cause destruction to life and property in Bengal.
9. Why has the Government established Lokayukta?

 To fight corruption.
10. Which soil is also called „Regur Soil‟?

 Black cotton soil.
11. Who stated that „The true development of India is the development of its villages‟?
 Mahatma Gandhi.
12. How did Sir Syed Ahmed Khan educate the Muslim Community?
 Founded Mohammadan AngloOriental College in Aligarh
13. Which states of India are more affected by cyclones?

 Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha & West Bengal.
14. Which policy of the British sowed the seed of communalism in India?
 Divide & Rule.
15. What is meant by Imperialism?

 A sovereign country to take over another sovereign country with the intention of
ruling it for its personal gains.

16. Why did the Dutch give up the trade in India?
 Unable to face competition from English and French,
17. Why should mangrove forests are grow along the coast?
 To prevent coastal erosion
18. Who implemented dual government in Bengal?

 Robert Clive.
19. When is Human Rights Day celebrated?

 10th December
20. How did Governor-General William Bentinck support Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s fight
against Sati system ?
 William Bentinck brought in law prohibiting Sati System in 1829.
21. What is female foeticide?

 Killing the female foetus in the womb itself.
22. The Tropical Deciduous Forests are also called “Monsoon Forests”. Why?
 Trees shed their leaves during spring and early summer
23. Why is Bangalore called as the „Silicon City of India‟?

 Bangalore is a Center for Indian software industry.
24. What is the effect of female foeticide?

 Decrease in number of female.
25. Why is March 15, 1962 an important day in the history of World Consumers
movement?
 Kennedy adopted a legislation comprising of four rights of consumers.
26. What is the meaning of the French word Banque?

 “Bench” or money exchange table.
27. Which are the commodities carried by pipelines?

 Oil, natural gas and mineral slurry.
28. Why was Fort William College opened in Calcutta?

 For the benefit of people aspiring to join Civil Services.

29. What is Coffee Blossom?
 The pre monsoon rain in Karnataka beneficial to the coffee.
30. Why are surface roads called all season roads?

 Built by cement & bitumen.
31. Which is the coldest month in India?

 January.
32. Which is the oldest and still existing newspaper of India?

 Bombay Samachar.
33. What is Regionalism?

 Love OR loyalty of a person towards his own state or region.
34. Why did the citizens of Junagadh revoltagainst their Nawab?

 Nawab signed to join the state of Pakistan.
35. Which European Nation ruled one of the parts of India for a very long period?
 British.
36. Which is the oldest and still existing newspaper of India?

 Bombay Samachar.
37. Name any two housing programmes implemented to provide shelter to homeless.
 Ashraya yojana & Indira Awas Yojana.
38. What is unemployment?

 Non availability of job.
39. Which is the highest mountain peak in South India?

 Anamudi.
40. Why Mumbai is called the „Manchester of India‟?

 Mumbai is the most popular center for cotton textile industry.
41. Who gave a call “Back to the Vedas”?

 Dayananda Saraswathi.

42. When did the UNO adopt human rights?
 10th December 1948
44. What is meant by Social Stratification?

 Classifying people as based Gender, Caste, Profession, Class and Race
45. In which season does Tamil Nadu receive rainfall?

 Retreating Monsoon Season.
50. Which type of soil is found in the Deccan Trap area?

 Black soil
51. Recently the water storage capacity of our reservoirs is reducing. Why?
 Silt accumulated.
52. What is subsistence farming?

 Farmers Growing crops for their own use.
53. Who is the founder of Drain theory?

 Dadabai Naoroji
54. Why did the British develop hatredness against Tippu?

 Tippu attempt to form an alliance of local rulers and his closeness with the French.
55. Why did the Bedas of Halagali fight against the British?
 Bedas were asked to surrender their firearms.
56. What is the cause for continuous fight between India and Pakistan?
 Jammu Kashmir issue.
59. Which forest grows Sandal wood?

 Tropical deciduous forests
60 Why is it necessary to protect the consumers in the recent days?

 Consumers are being exploited.
61. What is mob?

 Mob is a temporary assembly of people at a specific place.

62. What is the reason for the forests to be evergreen?
 Heavy rainfall & high temperature
63. Why was Shuddhi Movement started?

 To bring back the Hindu people who were converted to other religions.
64. Why did Indian soldiers oppose the use of Royal Enfield rifles / guns?
 Cartridges smeared the fat of pig & cow.
65. How did Government solve the Tibetan refugees problem?

 Government of Karnataka sanctioned 3000 acres of land to Tibetan refugees.
66. Who wrote the book, The Republic?

 Plato.
67. Which state of India has the largest area under forests?
 Madhya Pradesh.
68. Which are the forests found in river deltas of eastern coast of India?
 Mangrove forests.
69. Who is known as Iron Man of India?

 SardarVallabhbhai Patel.
70. When is the „World Consumer Day celebrated?

 15th March
71. Why did Swami Vivekananda establish Ramakrishna Mission?

 To carry the message and thoughts of Sri Ramakrishna.
72. Why is Consumer Protection Act of 1986 passed?

 To protect consumers.
73. In North India, temperature will be high during summer season. Why?
 Sun’s rays fall vertically over the Northern Hemisphere.
74. Indian farmers sow seeds in the month of June or July & get yields in October. Why?
 South-West Monsoon starts

75. Nowadays Inland waterways play a limited role. Why?
 Roads & railways are constructed.
76. Why was a protest organized against Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant?
 Vast deforestation takes place. & environmental pollution.
77. How is Laterite soil formed?

 Formed in tropical areas under the conditions of high temperature and rainfall.
79. Name the biggest natural port of India?

 Mumbai Port.
80. Which was the treaty signed to stop second Anglo-Mysore war?
 Treaty of Mangalore
81. Define intensive farming?

 Farming in which large amount of capital and labour are applied.
82. Vernacular press act was major hurdle in development of Indian Journalism, Why?
 It curbed the independence of the independent press.
83. Knowledge based industry is rapidly developing industry in our country, why?
 Software has become an important item of export in India and earns a large amount
of foreign exchange.
Important Treaties / Agreements.

1. The 1st Carnatic war – Aix –La- Chapelle.
2. The 2nd Carnatic war- Pondicherry.
3. The 3nd Carnatic war- Paris.
4. First Anglo Maratha Wars- Salbai agreement.
5. The Second Anglo Maratha War- Treaty of Bassein.
6. The Anglo Sikh Wars – Lahore Agreement.
7. The First Anglo Mysore War- Madras Treaty.
8. The Second Anglo Mysore War – Treaty of Mangalore.
9. Third Anglo Mysore War- Treaty of Srirangapatna.

Most important declarations:
1. Gandhiji: Untouchability is a heinous expression of caste system.
Untouchability is a leprosy attached to Hindu skin.
2. Plato: Human society is formed on natural inequalities. This natural inequality is based
on division of labour.
3. Karl Marx: Division of labour creates less skilled workers.
4. Eisen Hoover: The World which has arms not only waste the money, it also Wastes the
sweat of laborers, intelligence of scientists and Waste the dreams of the children.
5. Charles Metcalf: The Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt
due to the land tax policies of the British.
6. Lord Cornwallis: All the natives of Hindustan are completely corrupt.
7. B.G. Tilak: Swaraj is my birth Right. I would definitely get it back.
8. SubhasChandra Bose: Give me your blood, I‟ll get you Indian Independence
9. Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Hindus and Muslims cannot make one nation.
10. Prof. Colin Clark: Economic development is an improvement in economic welfare.
11. Prof. Meier and Baldwin: Economic development is a process where by an economy‟s
real national income increases over a long period of time.
12. Mahatma Gandhiji: Development of its villages is the true development of India.
Articles & Amendments

1. Article 21A- Education is fundamental right of children.
2. Article 51- Establishing international peace & cooperation.
3. Article 17- Prohibits of Untouchability.
4. Article 371 (J) – Special status to the backward regions of Karnataka.
5. Amendment 73rd –Uniform system of Panchayat Raj throughout the country.
6. Amendment 42nd – Secular and Socialist words were added in Constitution in 1976.
7. Amendment 86th - Free and compulsory education to all children between 6 and 14 Yrs.
8. Article 24- Prohibits of child Labour.
9. Article 39 -Providing social justice and people welfare is the duty of the state Govt.

One Mark Questions
1. Name the person who opposed the expansion of the British Empire in India?
2. What was the cause for the infighting among the Marathas for the post of peshwa?
3. Why did Lord Wellesley resigned from his post and returned to England?
4. What is meant by Doctrine of Lapse policy?
5. Who stated that, “All the natives of Indians are corrupt”.
6. What is the difference between „ A Diwani Adalat‟ and „ A Fouzdari Adalat „.
7. Who stated that “The Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt”.
8. Which act provided an opportunity for the establishment of Supreme Court?
9. What is policy of Assertion?
10. Who was the British officer supported the modern education in India?
11. What was the immediate cause of the 1857 revolt?
12. Who was considered as the spark of the 1857 revolt?
13. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?
14. Who introduced „Drain theory‟?
15. What was the reason for the division of Bengal by Lord Curzon?
16. Why did Raksha Bandhan cultural festival held in Bengal?
17. Who declared „Swaraj is my birth right, I will get it‟
18. Name the book written by Bala Gangadhar Tilak fueled the freedom struggle.
20. Why did Lord Wellesley introduce subsidiary alliance?
21. What is unemployment?
22. “India‟s foreign policy is called as Nehru‟s foreign policy, why?
23. What is corporate strategy?
24. Why does India oppose Imperialism?
25. India declare that „No country of the world shall practice Apartheid policy‟, why?
26. What is disarmament?
27. What is meant by foreign policy?
28. What is Non -Aligned Policy?
29. Mention the nations that signed Panchasheela Agreement?
30.10th December 1948 is an important milestone in human history, why?
31. What is social movement?
32. What is Mob?
33. What is Chipko Movement?
34. What is Appiko Movement?
35. Who gave the statement „God is Truth‟?
36. Where did Appiko movement start in Karnataka?
37. Who started Narmada Bachavo Andolana?
38. When did Appiko movement of Karnataka start?
39. Why do Shivaram Karanth oppose establishment of Kaiga power plant in Karnataka?
40. under whose leadership did the Ryot Sangha established in Karnataka?
41. Who started self -Respect movement?

42. Who gave the call „Untouchables must be the rulers of India‟?
43. What is women movement?
44. What is Environmental movement?
45. Who started the Silent Valley Movement?
46. What was the purpose of the coastal Karnataka environment movement?
47. What is Labour movement?
48. What is coffee blossom?
49. Mention the two branches of the south west monsoon winds?
50. India has tropical monsoon type of climate, why?
51. Mention the lowest rainfall region in India?
52. Mention the highest rainfall region in India?
53. What is conventional rainfall?
54. Which is the lowest temperature region in India?
55. How is alluvial soil formed?
56. Mention the soil derived from basalt rock?
57. Black soil is highly retentive of moisture and extremely compact, why?
58. How is red soil formed?
59. Mountain soils are useful for the plantation crops, how?
60. Where does Laterite soil formed?
61. Laterite soil is not useful for agriculture, why?
62. What is soil erosion?
63. What is soil conservation?
64. What is Kharif crop season?
65. What is Rabi crop season?
66. What is Zaid crop season?
67. What is Horticulture?
68. Mention the important beverage crops of India.
99. What is floriculture?
70. What are fiber crops?
71. What is transportation?
73. What is communication?
74. What is the main objective of prime minister‟s Gram Sadak Yojana?
75. Who stated that „The development of villages is the development of India?
76. Why do the rural people migrate towards cities?
77. What is the meaning of rural development?
78. What is the main reason for the rural backwardness?
79. What is Decentralization?
80. What is „Gram swaraj‟ According to Gandhiji?
81. What is the importance of 73rd constitutional amendment?
82. Name any two Housing Programs?
83. What is the purpose of „Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme‟?
84. Who is an entrepreneur?

85. What is an entrepreneurship?
86. Who is the father of White Revolution?
87. Who is known as the Queen of Indian Television Sector?
88 Who is the chairman of Jet airways?
89. Who is the founder of Apollo Hospitals group?
90. Who is the chairperson of Wipro Technology?
91. Who is the founder of Reliance Company?
92. Who is the chairman of Bio-con Limited?
Two Marks Questions

1. Decline of Constantinople leads to the discovery of new sea routes. Analyze the
statement.
2. Mention the factors motivated to the discovery of new sea routes?
3. What were the causes for three Carnatic wars?
4. What are the effects of three Carnatic wars?
5. What were the causes for battle of Plassey?
6. How did Black room tragedy led to the battle of Plassey?
7. What were the results of battle of Buxar?
8. List out the reformations of Brahma Samaj?
9.19th century is considered as the new awakening period in the history of India. Why?
10. State the important thoughts of Young Bengal Movement?
11. What are the aims of Arya Samaj?
12. What was the role of Jyothibha Phule in the reformation of Indian society?
13. Explain the role played by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the reformation of Muslim society?
14. Explain the thoughts of Swami Vivekananda?
15. The reformations of Theosophical society were considered as the reformation
movement of Hinduism, why?
16. What were the demands of moderates?
17. Explain the „Drain Theory‟.
18. How did Radicals utilize religious celebration to organize common people?
19. What were the problems faced by Independent India?
20. How India did solve the problems of creating its own constitution after Independence?
21. Mention the princely states which opposed to integrate with India?
22. How did Hyderabad merge with Indian Union?
23. How did Junagadh merge with Indian Union?
24. How was Goa liberated from Portuguese?
25. Mention the reasons for the process of State Reorganization based on the languages?
26. What are the reasons for unemployment?
27. Communalism is the major evil of the society. How?
28. What are the measures undertaken by the Government to prevent communalism?
29. What are the effects of terrorism?
30. What are the measures needed for the eradication of unemployment?
31. What are the measures undertaken to improve the status of women?
32. What are the measures undertaken to curb terrorism?
33. What are the major aims of Indian foreign policy?
34. Why India advocates disarmament as a need for the world?
35. What are Panchasheela Principles?
36. Why is good relationship needed for a country with other countries?
37. Name the main physical divisions of India?
38. What is the importance of Northern Himalayas?
39. Distinguish between the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats?
40. What are the difference between Eastern coastal plain and Western coastal plain?
41. Write the difference between Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands?
42. What are the advantages of forests?
43. What are the main causes for the destruction of forest?
44. Name the important national parks in Karnataka.
45. Mention any four measures for the conservation of forests.
46. Mention the main objectives of biosphere reserves?
47. Name the biosphere reserves in India?
48. What are the main characteristics of Mangrove forest?
49. List out the east flowing and west flowing rivers of India.
50. Name the types of irrigation that are practiced in India?
51. Irrigation is necessary in India. Why?
52. Mention the main aims of multi -purpose river valley projects?
53. Distinguish between the Kharif and Rabi crop season.
54. What are the major geographical conditions required for Wheat cultivation?
55. What is the role of horticulture in India?
56. List out the types of roads on the basis of its construction and maintenance.
57. What are the services offered by the post office?
58. What are the characteristics of under developed countries?
59. What is HDI? How is it calculated?
60. Examine the causes of low H D I in India.
61. Mention few steps taken to eliminate gender discrimination in India.
62. „women self -help group are supportive to women empowerment‟. Justify.
63. What are the major objectives of Consumer Protection Act?
64. What are the methods followed to file the complaint in the Consumer court?
65. List out the rights of consumers.
66. What are the problems faced by the consumers?
Three Marks Questions

1. What are the effects of English education in India?
2. What are the effects of British land Tax system?
3. What are the measures undertaken at the time of British in the Police system?
4. What are the reasons for consumer exploitation?
5. What is the role of Kittur Rani Chennamma in the freedom struggle?
6. Mention the role played by the bedas of Hulagali in the freedom struggle?
7. Explain the rebellion of Dondiya Wagh against the British.
8. What are the measures undertaken to curb corruption?
9. Terrorism creates a great loss for the society. How?
10. What are the reasons for unemployment in India?
11. Untouchability is a social evil. How?
12. What are the legal measures taken to eradicate untouchability?
13. What are the differences between labour with pay and labour without pay?
14. What are the differences between Organized and Unorganized workers?
15. What are the challenges faced by unorganized workers?
16. Industries are played an important role in the economic development of a country.
How?
17. What are the important factors influence the localization of industries?
18. Mention the major industrial regions of India.
19. Knowledge based industries are played a vital role in India. How?
20. Mention the characteristics of bank.
21. What are the functions of a bank?
22. Mention the relationship between bankers and customers.
23. Mention the services offered by Post offices.
24. What are the procedures to open a bank account?
25. What are the advantages of opening a bank account?
26. What are the differences between Saving account and Current account?
27. What are the characteristics of entrepreneurship?
28. Mention the main functions of entrepreneur.
29. What is the role played by an entrepreneur in the field of economic development of a
Country?
30. What are the institutions to be selected if; anybody wants to set up a self-employment?
31. Mention the important financial institutions of India which helped to start enterprise.
32. Explain the importance of road transport in India.
33. Explain briefly about the importance of transport in India.
34. List out the major ports of India
Four Marks Questions

1. Role of Tilak in freedom movement.
2. Who were moderates? What were their demands?
3. Explain the role played by Subash Chadra Bose in the freedom struggle.
4. Explain the role played by Dr B R Ambedkar in the eradication of untouchability.
5. What is the role played by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as an architect of modern India?
6. Explain the Non-cooperative Movement.
7. Explain about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
8. Tribal people played a decisive role in the freedom struggle. How?
9. Explain the role played by Mahatma Gandhi in the freedom struggle.

11. Explain the meaningful achievements of Gandhiji‟s struggle?
12. Explain about the farmers and laborer revolts in the history of freedom struggle of
India.
13. Explain about the Civil disobedience movement led by Gandhiji.
14. Explain the Importance of agriculture.
15. Which are the forms of farming practicing in India & Explain any one of them,.
16. What are the reasons for the tension between India and Pakistan?
17. Explain the relationship between India and Russia.
18. Explain the relationship between India and America.
……….

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Government Of Karnataka

Karnataka Residential Educational

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 1

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 2

3. The capital of French in India was Pondicherry

4. In 1757, Robert Clive declared Plassey war over Siraj ud-Daula.

6. The dual government policy was implemented by Robert Clive in Bengal.

II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCE each.

3. Which countries of Europe tried to overcome Italian monopoly over trade?

5. Who discovered sea route to India?

6. Who was the first viceroy of Portuguese in India?

8. Who was the viceroy of James I to visit the court of Jahangir?

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 3

10. Which was the first headquarters of English in India?

13. Who was the real founder of Portuguese power in India?

15. Which was the first headquarters of French in India?

16. Who was Dupleix?

17. By which treaty the first Carnatic war ended?

18. By which treaty the third Carnatic war ended?

19. Who captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur?

21. Constantinople was considered as the gateway of European trade. Why?

22. Why did Francisco de Almeida implement “Blue Water Policy”?

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 4

23. Name the Presidencies of the British.

24. Who led the British army in the battle of Buxar?

III. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

3. What made the Europeans to discover sea route to India?

5. List out the trading centers of Dutch in India?

6. What are Dastakths ? Who issued Dastakths to British?

7. What was the course of First Carnatic war?

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 5

9. Write note on Second Carnatic war.

10. Who fought the battle of Buxar and when?

11. What were the causes of battle of Plassey?

12. What is Diwani Right? Who gave this?

13. Explain Dual Govt.

14. Explain the achievements of Alfonso de Albuquerque.

IV. Answer the following questions in SIX sentences each

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 6

3. Write about the Third Carnatic war.

4. What were the effects of battle of Plassey?

I. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate answer

2. The Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by Lord Wellesley .

3. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented in the year-1848

4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by Dalhousie.

II. Answer the following questions in a WORD/SENTENCE each

Social Science Resource Team, KREIS, Bangalore. Page 7

3. Who made Madhava Rao II as the Peshwa of Maratha kingdom?

4. Who took the support of British to become the Peshwa of Marathas?

5. Who was the first to accept the Subsidiary alliance system?

6. Who accepted the treaty of Bassein?

7. Why did Baji Rao II accept the Subsidiary alliance system?

8. Why did Lord Wellesley resign to his post?

9. After whose death there was a political anarchy in Punjab kingdom?

10. Between whom the treaty of Amritsar signed?

12. By which treaty the first Anglo-Sikh war concluded?

13. What is Subsidiary Alliance?

III Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each