Ethics Module Finals
Ethics Module Finals
Ethics Module Finals
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
standards- It
refers to rules
that are
unrelated to
moral or ethical
considerations.
Dilemma-
choosing
between two
negative
results.
3 levels of
moral
dilemma-
personal,
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organizational,
and structural.
Freedom- the
foundation of
morality.
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I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
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GORDON COLLEGE
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Western Ethics
is more on
logical and
rational and the
Eastern Ethics
is more on
religion.
Filipino values-
pakikisama,
hiya, amor
propio, utang
na loob,
hospitable and
respect for the
elders.
Module 3: Moral 1. Identifying Character-
Agent character as a means distinct
moral agent. mark of a
2. Evaluate their own person.
excellences to Virtue as
come up with a disposition.
good decision 2 distinct
making. human
3. Make a story board excellences:
on how a child excellence of
develops their thought and
morality. excellence of
character.
Stages of
development
discusses on
how individual
improve their
morality.
Module 4: Feelings 1. Classify the role of Feelings as
and Moral Decision feelings in decision instinctive
Making. making. response to
2. Weighing out moral
between feelings dilemmas.
and logic in doing Feelings as
the right decision. Obstacles to
3. Distinguish Making the
feelings in moral Right Decisions
decision making. Feelings Can
Help in Making
Right Decisions
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
similarities and
differences
between Ethics and
Religion
3. Relate religion on
how it regulates the
behaviour.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Module No. 6
I. Introduction
Metaethics is the attempt to understand the metaphysical, epistemological, semantic, and
psychological, presuppositions and commitments of moral thought, talk, and practice. As
such, it counts within its domain a broad range of questions and puzzles, including: Is
morality more a matter of taste than truth? Are moral standards culturally relative? Are there
moral facts? If there are moral facts, what is their origin? These questions lead naturally to
puzzles about the meaning of moral claims as well as about moral truth and the justification
of our moral commitments. Metaethics explores as well the connection between values,
reasons for action, and human motivation, asking how it is that moral standards might
provide us with reasons to do or refrain from doing as it demands, and it addresses many of
the issues commonly bound up with the nature of freedom and its significance (or not) for
moral responsibility.
1.1
Cognitivism
States that moral judgments convey propositions, that is, they are ‘truth bearers’
or they are either true or false.
Thus, moral judgments are capable of being objectively true, because they
describe some feature of the world.
a. Moral realism
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The existence of moral facts and the truth (or falsity) of moral judgments are
independent of people’s thoughts and perception.
b. Ethical Subjectivism
Holds that the truth (or falsity) of ethical propositions are dependent on the
attitudes or standards of a person or group of person.
Non-Cognitivism
Denies that the moral judgment are either true or false
Emotivism- it submits that moral judgment are mere expressions of our emotions and
feelings.
1.2
Universalism/Moral Objectivism
Theorizes that moral facts and principles apply to everybody in all places.
2. Moral Relativism
Submits that different moral facts and principles apply to different persons or group of
individuals.
Moral Empiricism
Is a meta-ethical stance which states that moral facts are known through observation and
experience.
Moral Rationalism
Contends that moral facts and principles are knowable a priori, that is, by reason
alone and without reference to experience.
Moral Intuitionism
Submits that moral truths are knowable by intuition, that is, by immediate instinctive
knowledge without reference to any evidence.
1.1Deontology
Is the branch of ethics that studies how man ought to act, morally speaking.
Nonconsequentialism
Is a type of normative ethical theory that denies that the rightness or wrongness of
our conduct is determined solely by the goodness or badness of the consequences
of our acts or of the rules to which those acts conform.
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1.2Teleology
Refers to moral system that determines the moral value of actions by their outcomes
or results.
2. Applied Ethics
Philosophically examines specific, controversial issues.
Refers to the practical application of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect
to real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of private and
public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership.
Virtue ethics
Virtue
Is a moral characteristic that an individual needs to live well. It is an excellent trait of
character.
Virtue ethics
Is a philosophy developed by Aristotle and other ancient Greeks. It is the quest to
understand and live a life of moral character. This character-based approach to
morality assumes that we acquire virtue through practice.
Is a broad term for theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral
philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good
consequences.
Basically, the virtues are the freely chosen character traits that people praise in others.
People praise them because: (1) they are difficult to develop; (2) they are corrective of
natural deficiencies; and (3) they are beneficial both to self and society.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
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Cardinal Virtues
Wisdom- expert knowledge in the fundamental pragmatics of life that permits
exceptional insight, judgment, and advice about complex and uncertain matters.
Courage- the ability to control your fear in a dangerous or difficult situation.
Moderation- the avoidance of excess or extremes, especially in one's behaviour.
Justice- Justice consists in what is lawful and fair, with fairness involving equitable
distributions and the correction of what is inequitable.
Plato
Like most other ancient philosophers, Plato maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic
conception of ethics. That is to say, happiness or well-being (eudaimonia) is the highest aim
of moral thought and conduct, and the virtues (aretê: ‘excellence’) are the requisite skills and
dispositions needed to attain it.
Socrates
The ultimate aim of Socrates’ philosophical method is always ethical. Socrates believed that
if anyone knows what good is, one will always do what is good. Thus if one truly understands
the meaning of courage, self-control, or justice, one will act in a courageous, self-controlled
and just manner.
The corollary to this view is that all vice, then, must be due to ignorance. Nobody, he
believes, knowingly does what is wrong: they always think that what they are doing is right.
Can you imagine someone saying, for example, “I know that this act is completely wrong and
totally wicked, but I am going to do it anyway”. In fact, even the person who performs the
most heinous acts imaginable always thinks that he is doing them for some good reason.
Eudemian/Eudaimonistic Ethics
It focuses on happiness (eudaimonia), or the good for man, and how to obtain
it.
Self-realization
When someone acts in line with his nature or end (telos) and thus realizes his full
potential, he does moral and will be happy.
2.1Aristotle’s Telos
Aristotle believes that the essence or essential nature of beings, including humans, lay
not at their cause or beginning but at their end (telos).
The essence or ‘telos’ of human being is rationality and, thus, a life of contemplation is
the best kind of life for true human flourishing.
Nicomachean Ethics
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All humans seek happiness, but in different ways. True happiness is tied to the
purpose or end of human life. The essence of human beings is Reason. Reason
employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues and intellectual virtues.
Nature of Man
Vegetable/Physical
Animal/Emotional
Rational/Mental
2.3Virtue as Habit
Aristotle’s idea of happiness should also be understood in the sense of human flourishing.
This flourishing is attained by the habitual practice of moral and intellectual excellences, or
‘virtues’. The virtuous person, who has good character, sees truly, judges rightly, and acts
morally.
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Phronesis
Is a grasp of the appropriate way to respond in a particular situation and to describe
practical wisdom (phronesis) and thoughtful, practical doing (praxis).
According to him the ultimate happiness is not attainable in this life, for happiness in
the present life remains imperfect. True happiness, then, is to be found only in the souls of the
blessed in heaven or in beatitude with God.
The term ‘law’ for Aquinas means ordinance of reason for the common good,
promulgated by someone who has care of the community. Aquinas’ laws should also be
understood in terms of “rules and measures” for people’s conduct and as “rational patterns or
forms.” Obedience to the law is thus viewed also as participating in or being in conformity
with the pattern or form. For Aquinas, there are four primary types of law—the eternal,
natural, human, and divine.
3. Human Law
It includes the civil and criminal laws, though only those formulated in the
light of practical reason and moral laws.
Human laws that are against natural law are not real laws, and people are not
obliged to obey those unjust laws.
4. Divine Law
It is a law of revelation, disclosed through sacred text or Scripture and
the Church which is also directed toward man’s eternal end.
Synderesis
It is the innate principle in the moral consciousness of every person which directs the
agent to good and restrains him from evil. Aquinas describes synderesis as a knowledge of
first principles or an innate habit of thinking. It is a form of a priori reasoning. Synderesis
cannot be mistaken. It produces discernment of the first practical principles, or primary
precepts. We have an innate desire to "do good and avoid evil", which sums up in a general
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
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sense the more specific primary precepts: preservation of life, reproduction, living in society,
education and worship of God.
Human Inclination
1. To survive
2. To reproduce and educate offspring
3. To know the truth about God and to live peacefully in the society.
Aquinas ethical theory states that for an action to be moral, the kind it belongs to must not be
bad, the circumstances must be appropriate, and the intention must be virtuous.
4 Basic Virtues
1. Prudence
2. Fortitude
3. Temperance
4. Justice
2 Kinds of Habit
1. Acquired Habit-repetitive, consistent effort
2. Infused Habit- directly instilled by God.
Theological Virtues
They provide us with true knowledge and desire of God and of His will.
Theological Virtues
1. Faith
2. Hope
3. Love
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
V. Learning Task
What makes you happy? Describe it in any form of art (drawing, skits, vlog, poem,
spoken poetry, song form, rap, etc.). Add a caption and describe it why.
Reference
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaethics/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275654052_Social_Ethics
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/#Virt
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/wisdom
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/courage
https://www.lexico.com/definition/moderation
https://iep.utm.edu/justwest/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics/#:~:text=Like%20most%20other%20ancient
%20philosophers,dispositions%20needed%20to%20attain%20it.
http://www.sophia-project.org/uploads/1/3/9/5/13955288/russo_socrates1.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?
q=the+golden+mean&sxsrf=ALeKk00brTdtvqdDbA5yGel3Sdf8pGfT7w:1603015733187&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic4-
H68r3sAhXQFogKHRrHCwMQ_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1366&bih=625#imgrc=8Rllx
WcVNmrEoM
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Module No. 7
I. Introduction
Kant’s ethics are organized around the notion of a “categorical imperative,” which is a
universal ethical principle stating that one should always respect the humanity in others, and
that one should only act in accordance with rules that could hold for everyone. Kant argued
that the moral law is a truth of reason, and hence that all rational creatures are bound by the
same moral law. Thus in answer to the question, “What should I do?” Kant replies that we
should act rationally, in accordance with a universal moral law.
Kantian Ethics
Kant believed that certain types of actions (including murder, theft, and lying) were
absolutely prohibited, even in cases where the action would bring about more happiness than
the alternative. For Kantians, there are two questions that we must ask ourselves whenever
we decide to act: (i) Can I rationally will that everyone act as I propose to act? If the answer
is no, then we must not perform the action. (ii) Does my action respect the goals of human
beings rather than merely using them for my own purposes? Again, if the answer is no, then
we must not perform the action. (Kant believed that these questions were equivalent).
According to Kant a good person is someone who always does their duty because it is
their duty. It is fine if they enjoy doing it, but it must be the case that they would do it even if
they did not enjoy it. The overall theme is that to be a good person you must be good for
goodness sake.
A maxim is the rule or principle on which you act. For example, I might make it my
maxim to give at least as much to charity each year as I spend on eating out, or I might make
it my maxim only to do what will benefit some member of my family. The basic idea on this,
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
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it is a command states, crudely, that you are not allowed to do anything yourself that you
would not be willing to allow everyone else to do as well. You are not allowed to make
exceptions for yourself. For example, if you expect other people to keep their promises, then
you are obligated to keep your own promises.
More accurately, it commands that every maxim you act on must be such that you are
willing to make it the case that everyone always act on that maxim when in a similar
situation. For example, if I wanted to lie to get something I wanted, I would have to be
willing to make it the case that everyone always laid to get what they wanted - but if this
were to happen no one would ever believe you, so the lie would not work and you would not
get what you wanted. So, if you willed that such a maxim (of lying) should become a
universal law then you would thwart your goal - thus, it is impermissible to lie, according to
the categorical imperative. It is impermissible because the only way to lie is to make an
exception for you.
Rights Theory
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) examined the idea of human rights within politics in such a
way that it “is only a legitimate government that guarantees our natural right to freedom, and
from this freedom we derive other rights”. From this basis it can be assumed that Kant looks
at the development, creation and implementation of rights as primarily dependent on the state
and how the government within the state functions. Furthermore, Kant stresses that a society
can only function politically in relation to the state if fundamental rights, laws and
entitlements are given and enhanced by the state. As Kant teaches, these “righteous laws” are
founded upon 3 rational principles:
An interesting aspect of these principles is that they are not given by the state, but are
fundamental in the creation and acceptance of a state by the people of the state. In this sense
Kant believes that these principles are necessary above all, not only for the founding of
“righteous laws”, but for the state to function in the first place. This is so because without the
acceptance of the people a state would not exist therefore rights are necessary within states to
keep the support of the people of the state.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
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Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
negative, that all humans have based only on the fact that they are human. These
rights can be natural or conventional. That is, natural rights are those that are moral
while conventional are those created by humans and reflect society’s values.
Moral Rights
Are rights that “exist prior to and independently from their legal counterparts. The
existence and validity of a moral right is not deemed to be dependent upon the actions
of jurists and legislators.
It must be clear, therefore, that human rights cannot be reduced to, or exclusively
identified with legal rights. In fact, some human rights are best identified as moral rights.
Human rights are meant to apply to all human beings universally, regardless of whether or
not they have attained legal recognition by all countries everywhere.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Reference
https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~gerla22f/classweb/Human%20Rights%20Theories%20-
%20Modern%20Perspectives.html#:~:text=Immanuel%20Kant
%20(1724%20%E2%80%93%201804),freedom%20we%20derive%20other%20rights
%E2%80%9D.&text=The%20liberty%20of%20every%20member%20of%20the%20society
%20as%20a%20man
https://www.smu.edu/Provost/Ethics/Resources/EthicsToolBox/UnderstandingtheTools/
MoralRightsTheoreticalBackground
https://definitions.uslegal.com/l/legal-right/#:~:text=Legal%20rights%20refers%20to
%20rights,recognizable%20and%20enforceable%20at%20law.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Module No. 8
I. Introduction
Globalization has renovated the globe from a collection of separate communities
interacting infrequently into a virtually one multi-faceted community. Politically,
economically, and culturally therefore, communities across the world now function in what is
fundamentally a shared space although divided into artificial political condominiums called
nation-states. The transitional relations made possible by globalizing forces and processes
have opened up new forms of social bonds and responsibilities.
1. Pluralism
It is the philosophical theory that there is more than one basic substance or principle,
whether it is the constitution of the universe, of the mind and body, the sources of
truth, or the basis of morality.
2. Globalization
Defined as the world-wide integration of government policies, cultures, social
movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas. The
British sociologist Anthony Giddens defines it as intensification of worldwide
relationships which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
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VII. Reference
https://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~gerla22f/classweb/Human%20Rights%20Theories%20-
%20Modern%20Perspectives.html#:~:text=Immanuel%20Kant
%20(1724%20%E2%80%93%201804),freedom%20we%20derive%20other%20rights
%E2%80%9D.&text=The%20liberty%20of%20every%20member%20of%20the%20society
%20as%20a%20man
https://www.smu.edu/Provost/Ethics/Resources/EthicsToolBox/UnderstandingtheTools/
MoralRightsTheoreticalBackground
https://definitions.uslegal.com/l/legal-right/#:~:text=Legal%20rights%20refers%20to
%20rights,recognizable%20and%20enforceable%20at%20law.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Module No. 9
I. Introduction
Millennials, also known as ‘Generation Y’ or the ‘Net Generation,’ are the
demographic cohort directly following Generation X. There are no exact dates for when this
cohort starts and ends, although demographers and researchers normally use the late 1970s to
early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.
Millennials are generally the children of baby boomers and older Gen Xers. Filinnials is a
term used to denote the Filipino millennial.
Filinnials generation is commonly characterized by an increased use and familiarity with
communications, media, and digital technologies.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
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b. Millennials fall into a four-way split on ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ labels. While 25%
say they are exclusively ‘pro-life’ and 27% say they are ‘pro-choice,’ 22% rebuff both
levels and nearly 27% say that both labels and nearly 27% say that both labels
describe them equally well.
c. 7% of millennials identify either as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.
3. Work ethics
It is said that whereas Boomers are hardworking, idealistic, and committed to harmony
and Gen Xers are entrepreneurial, flexible, and self-reliant, and comfortable with
technology, on the other hand, Millennials are tech-savvy, appreciative of diversity, and
skilled in multitasking.
Workplace Attributes:
1. Self-centered with sense of entitlement
2. Workaholics
3. Self-motivated
4. Don’t appreciate feedback
5. Very short attention spans
6. Not loyal to organization
7. Demand immediate complement and recognition
8. Integrate technology into the workplace
9. Work dress is whatever feels comfortable
4. Individualism
Millennials are habitually painted as the entitled, self-snapping generation. They are said
to be a class of self-centered and self-absorbed. Some however, defend them by
explaining that millennials just have more time to be themselves.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Humanism is a system of thought which gives emphasis to the value of human beings and
favors man’s thought over faith or religious doctrine. Though humanism doesn’t necessarily
non-theism, before 1800, it began to refer to beliefs centered in humanity without attention to
any concept of the supernatural.
Denying supernatural and religious views as a basis of morality and decision making,
secular humanism affirms some notions of a human nature- human experience, human
need, and human reason- as ethical foundations.
VIII. Reference
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Favorite
I listen to music when I’m…
Food
My ideal self…
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
Module No. 10
I. Introduction
Concerns beliefs and practices of what is good or bad, right or wrong, virtuous or vicious,
from a religious point of view. A Christian ethics for instance, may be based on the
radical teachings of the religion leader Jesus Christ about loving one’s neighbour, being a
good Samaritan, loving one’s enemy, being guided by the Father’s will, and the like.
On the other hand, religion is defined as “people and opinions concerning the existence,
nature, and worship of a deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human
life” (Religion, 2009). Referring to the sacred engagement with that which is believed to be a
spiritual reality, religion denotes the belief in, or the worship of, a god (or gods) and the
worship or service to God or the Supernatural.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
The cut-flower thesis thus implies that those who believe that morality is a valuable human
institution, and those who wish to avoid moral disaster, should therefore make every effort to
preserve its connection with the true religion and the sound religious belief that forms its
roots. As morality is currently in a withering stage in this globalized era, its decline can be
identified with the exorbitant secularization of many things. Support for this claim be found
both among those sympathetic to religion and surprisingly enough, among those with little or
no sympathy for religion.
All these statements call attention to the prediction of the cut-flower thesis which, by way of
summary, suggests that morality cannot survive without religion. Some words of caution are
needed here though: The cut-flower thesis does not say that a consequence of abandoning
religion leads immediately to murder, rape, robbery, drunkenness, sexual promiscuity, and
the like. Nor does it say that the morality per se will soon cease to exist if its ties to religion
are cut. However, it does argue that to have a real ground no reason for moral action; one
must admit a religious or theological foundation.
Theistic Ethics
Religions fundamentally endorse theism (the belief in God) and theistic ethics (God-based
morality). Theistic ethics believes that a supernatural being called God is the foundation of
morality. God is viewed as true source of all moral laws, and as the only plausible cause of
moral obligations which possess overriding and binding character.
Theism claim that unlike secularists’ ethical theories, this moral system which is also called
moral supernaturalism can satisfactorily explain the existence of objective ethical values
and the moral law.
V. Reference
https://www.google.com/search?ei=yk6yX8L2PK6Sr7wP57GM6AI&q=religion
%27s+role+in+ethics&oq=religion
%27s+role+in+ethics&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIECAAQRzIECAAQRzIECAAQRzIEC
AAQRzIECAAQRzIECAAQRzIECAAQRzIECAAQR1AAWABgupQKaABwAngAgAEAi
AEAkgEAmAEAqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCMABAQ&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwjCg6SW6IbtAhUuyYsBHecYAy0Q4dUDCA0&uact=5
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .
Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Olongapo City Sports Complex, East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Tel. No. (047) 224-2089 loc. 314
https://definitions.uslegal.com/l/legal-right/#:~:text=Legal%20rights%20refers%20to
%20rights,recognizable%20and%20enforceable%20at%20law.
T h i s L e a r n i n g M o d u l e i s E x c l u s i v e l y f o r G o r d o n C o l l e g e
I t i s n o t f o r s a l e .