NCM 214 Lec: Care of Older 08 L E C

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Adult 20
Jo Ann Dela Cerna, RN, MN
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CARE OF OLDER ADULT

OUTLINE MIDTERM
OUTLINE III. Nursing Considerations
I Introduction A. Cultural Influences
i. Course Description B. Pharmacological Considerations
ii. Objectives C. Nutritional Considerations
iii. Course Outline IV. Ethico-Legal Considerations
II Demographics of Aging
A. Ethical/Moral Principles
III Reasons for Living Longer
B. Patient Rights
IV History of Gerontological Nursing
V Special People C. Advance Directives
VI Terminologies D. Laws Affecting Senior Citizens in the
VII Definition of Terms Philippines
V. Age Related Changes and Common Disorders
A. Cardiovascular System
INTRODUCTION
B. Respiratory System
COURSE DESCRIPTION C. Gastrointestinal System
- This course deals with concepts, principles,
FINALS
theories and techniques in the care of older
V. Age Related Changes and Common Disorders
adults.
D. Genitourinary System
- The learners are expected to perform holistic
E. Musculoskeletal System
nursing care of the older persons in wellness
G. Integumentary System
and chronic illness utilizing the nursing
H. Neurological System
process.
I. Special Senses
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students should be able DEMOGRAPHICS OF AGING
to: - Statistical study of the size distribution of a
1. Utilize the nursing process in the care of population specifically demographics of older
patients with chronic illness and care of the
people
older person
2. Discuss special concerns, issues and trends in NUMBER OF PERSONS AGED 60 YEARS OR OVER BY
caring for the chronically ill and the older DEVELOPMENT GROUP FROM 1980 TO 2050
person
COURSE OUTLINE
PRELIMS
I. Introduction to Gerontological Nursing
A. Demographics of Aging
B. History of Gerontological Nursing
C. Terminologies
D. Roles of the Gerontological Nurse
E. Settings of Care
F. Theories of Aging
II. Assessment of the Older Adult
A. Functional Assessment - The most rapid growth of the number of older
B. Nursing Process people started in 2010 and the trend keep on
increasing up until 2050

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 - According to research the greatest increase a. available resources for older adults to live
will be coming from the Hispanic race as well happy and healthy lives
as Asian or Pacific islander races. • are community resources and medical
resources would be enough in 2030?
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION OVER AGE 65, 1950-
b. need for facilities to take care of older persons
2050
• home care facilities
c. need for competent geriatric nurses.
• are there still nurses who takes
specialization of being geriatric nurse?

BY 2040, ABOUT 10.1% OF THE TOTAL POPULATION

WOULD BE 65+ YEARS. BY THEN, THE PHILIPPINES
WILL BE AN AGING POPULATION (SIEGEL AND
SWANSON, 2004).

The Department of Health and Human Services launch

Healthy People 2010
- In 2050, we can observe that 16% of the world - a comprehensive nationwide health
population will be represented by our older promotion and disease prevention agenda
adults • According to Healthy People 2010, a
- Increasing trend 65-year-old individual is expected to
live another 18 more years (average of
TEN COUNTRIES OR AREAS WITH THE LARGEST 83 before dying).
SHARE OF PERSONS AGED 60 YEARS OR OVER IN • 75-year-old is expected to live another
1980, 2017 AND 2050 11 more years (86 years old)

REASONS FOR LIVING LONGER

1. Advances in medications to treat different
illnesses
- advance technology through research
that would come up with new
medications
2. Immunizations to prevent diseases which lead
to improved economic conditions
- In 2017, Japan is considered to be #1 most - with immunization many illnesses are
aged society up until 2050 it is still considered reduced and avoid help financial crisis
to be #1. 3. Improved nutrition
- Japan is aging fast and considered to be the - like dietary supplementation which may
oldest in the world due to: help us eat more healthy
• Period of prolonged fertility 4. New diagnostic techniques to assist in the
early detection, treatment and management
• High life expectancy
of a disease.
• Low fertility rate, resulted in decline of
population
HISTORY OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
1900
IN 2030… - the need for gerontological nursing specialty
As mentioned earlier, that in 2050 we will be was identified
experiencing 16% of the world population that is • This need was formally recognized as an
represented by older adults but according to research area for practice in 1966
as early as 2030, 20% of the older adults will represent
the worldwide population which brings to many issues
and concerns such as:

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1904 FATHER OF GERIATRICS
- first article on the nursing of the aged was DR. IGNATZ LEO NASCHER
published - Austrian-American doctor and gerontologist
• In this article nurses note the life on the - He proposed the term GERIATRIC in 1909
elderly being taken care of nurses in
“almshouses” that is a charitable
institution provided to people in a
particular community.
• Along with the aged, there are mentally
ill, orphans, indigent, etc.

1966
- the Division of Geriatric Nursing Practice was
established, giving nursing of the aged MOTHER OF GERIATRICS
specialty status DR. MARJORIE WARREN
- was born on 28 October 1897 at 15
1930 Scarborough Road, Stroud Green, Hornsey,
- board and care homes were formed London
- is one of the first geriatricians and considered
1950
the mother of modern geriatric medicine.
- Newton published the first gerontological
nursing text.
• It is a short material that comprises
scientific rationale of taking care of older
adults as well as practical experiences.

1962
- landmark study: describing problems of
hospitalized older adults (Norton, McLaren and
Exton)
TERMINOLOGIES
- ANA convened first meeting of the Conference
Group on Geriatric Nursing Practice GERONTOLOGY
- from the Greek geron, meaning "old man"
1966 - scientific study of the process of aging and the
- Division of Geriatric Nursing was established problems of aged persons includes biologic,
• Geriatric nursing was formally recognized sociologic, psychologic, and economic aspects
• Giving nursing of the aged specialty • It is multidisciplinary that does not only
status along with other nursing constitute one aspect and has a
specialties like maternal child nursing multiple aspect
and medical surgical nursing • It is concerned with physical, mental,
psychologic, social, developmental,
SPECIAL PEOPLE economic, spiritual
FATHER OF GERONTOLOGY • Seeks to understand the processes and
VLADIMIR KORENCHEVSKY the effects of normal aging.
- Born in Lida, Russia • Has broader meaning which covers
- He was pioneer in the investigation of the everything
problems of aging
GERIATRICS
- from the Greek geras, meaning "old age"
- the branch of medicine that deals with the
diseases and problems of old age
• Covers only one aspect and is more
specific particularly the medical aspect
for elderly people with diseases

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 • Tries to understand in what kinds of them maintain their optimum
disorders that the older adults will be functioning socially
facing.
GERONTOLOGICAL REHABILITATION NURSING
NOTE: Both have the goal in understanding aging so - combines expertise in gerontological nursing
people can maximize their functioning and achieve a with rehabilitation concepts and practice.
high quality of life. • provides care to older adults with
chronic illnesses and a long-term
GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING functional limitation (stroke,
- this specialty of nursing involves assessing the amputated, arthritis) which usually
health and functional status of older adults their activities of daily living are
• a evidence based nursing specialty affected
addressing the physiological, social, • The 2 purposes of this are:
psychological, environmental, ✓ This practice assists older adults in
developmental, cultural, spiritual regaining as well as maintaining
needs of older adults. their optimum level of functioning
• takes care of older people in all and independence
aspects of their life which provides ✓ Prevent complications and
more holistic care to patients enhancing quality of life
GERIATRICS NURSING GERONTHOPHOBIA
- the nursing care of older people with health - fear and refusal to accept older people into the
problems, or those requiring tertiary care mainstream of society
(requires treatment, medical management) • irrational fear of older people (takot sa
• only take care of older people with matatanda)
medical illness • Gerascophobia – fear of old age (takot
tumanda)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AGE DISCRIMINATION
FINANCIAL GERONTOLOGY
- a subfield that combines knowledge of - the practice of treating people differently
simply because of their age
financial planning and services with a special
expertise in the needs of older adults; • there is an expected age for retirement
• it investigates the relationship between AGEISM
finances and aging - the negative stereotyping of aging and older
• it studies on the effects of aging with persons
concerns about issues on finances • a belief that aging makes people
which takes the financial resilience of unattractive, unintelligent, and
older adults unproductive
• need to educate the older adult in terms • the term was coined in 1969 by Robert
of handling their finances and making Neil Butler
them aware of financial services that • discrimination against senior citizens
are available in the community that and patterned as sexism and racism
would help them handle their finances • discriminating other people based on
SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY their age (stereotypes, prejudice,
- seek to understand how the biological discrimination)
processes of aging influence the social aspect CHRONOLOGICAL CATEGORIES OF OLD AGE:
• focuses particularly on social - Chronological Age: refers to the number of
relationships or social participation of years a person has lived.
the elderly in the community as well as - The significance of knowing the categories of
protection of their individual needs old age would allow us nurses recognize the
• strives to improve social interaction of unique differences present of each category of
older adults in their community to help

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 age so that we can provide the appropriate and
effective care for the older adults
• Young-old (65-74 years old)
• Middle- old (75-84 years old)
• Old-old (85 years old and above)

PHYSIOLOGIC AGE
- the determination of age by function.
• also known as “Biological Age”
• Refers to the functions of our body
• A measure of how well or how poorly
our body is functioning
• Assessed by the body’s function
• Influenced by various factors including
genetics, diet, lifestyle, stress, exercise,
exposure to environmental toxins,
chronic conditions
• Example: 25 yrs. old individual who
smokes and having sedentary lifestyle
so definitely the physiological age is
certainly older than chronological age
because it is associated with higher risk
of disease

FUNCTIONAL AGE
- person's ability to contribute to society and
benefit others and himself
• Combination of physical, physiological,
psychological and social age
• refers to persons performance and
capability
• With the same age but perform
differently

References:

Ma’am Jo Ann’s PPT and Lecture

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