Science10 Q1-1
Science10 Q1-1
Science10 Q1-1
Learner’s Packet
Name: ___________________________________________________________________
Section: _________________________________________ Date: ___________________
SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP1)
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
ACTIVITY 1:
A. EGG ANALOGY. In this activity, you will represent the layers of the Earth using a hard-
boiled egg.
Procedure:
1. Roll the hard-boiled egg until it cracks. Observe the outer shell.
Q1. How does the broken shell can be compared to tectonic plates?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________.
1
2. Cut the egg into half. Draw the cross-sectional area of the egg inside the box below.
Compare your drawing to the Layers of the Earth. Use an arrow to identify which part
of the egg represents the following layers of the Earth:
Crust
Asthenosphe
re
Mantle
Core
Q2. Why do you think the different layers of the Earth do not get mixed up?
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2:
PLATES PYRAMID. Study the tectonic plates present in the map below. List down
the names of the Tectonic Plates you identified inside the blocks.
2
My Plates Pyramid
Q3. Which of the tectonic plates belong to the 7 largest plates? Which belongs to the smaller
ones?
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Study the following tourist destinations around the world. Locate these places on the
World Map below. Identify which tectonic plates and type of crust do each of the tourist
destinations belongs to. Write your answer on the table provided.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q4. How do you think the tectonic plates and some famous tourist destinations in the world
related?
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
4
ACTIVITY 3: LOUD AND PROUD
Choose a famous geologic feature in your locality. In a separate sheet of paper, make
a slogan that describes its characteristics and encourages tourists to visit your chosen
landform.
REFLECTION:
As a learner, in what ways can you contribute to promote the potential tourist landforms
in your locality?
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY:
1. Egg Analogy
Q1. Answers may vary.
Q2. The Layers of the Earth do not get mixed up because of their relative density.
2. My Pyramid of Plates 1. Philippine Plate,2. Indian-Australian Plate, 3. African Plate, 4.
Antartic Plate,5. Pacific Plate, 6. Nazca Plate, 7. Australian Plate, 8. Indian Plate, 9. Arabian
Plate, 10. Cocos Plate, 11. Eurasian Plate, 12. Juan de Fuca Plate, 13. Carribean Plate,14.
Indian Plate, 15. South American Plate, 16. North American Plate.
3. The 7 largest plates are the Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, African
Plate, Australian Plate, Antarctic Plate, South American Plate. Examples of smaller ones are
the Philippine plate, Juan de Fuca Plate, Cocos Plate, Carribean Plate, Nazca Plate, and
Arabian Plate.
MY TECTONIC TRAVEL
Tourist Attraction Type of Crust Tectonic Plate/s
(Oceanic/Continental)
1.Mayon Volcano Continental Crust Philippine Plate
2. The Great Barrier Reef Oceanic Crust Australian Plate
3. Himalayas Continental Crust Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate
5. Sahara Desert Continental African Plate
Q4. The movement of tectonic plates results to certain geologic features and processes.
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SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP2)
Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust and the upper part of the mantle. There
are two kinds of crust: the thicker but less dense continental crust and the oceanic crust
which is relatively thinner but denser than continental crust.
According to the Plate
Tectonics Theory, the
entire lithosphere of the
Earth is broken into
numerous segments called
plates (see Figure 1).
These plates tend to move
very slowly but constantly,
and this movement is called
tectonics. Thus, the theory
of moving lithospheric
plates is called plate
tectonics. Take note that
these motions are not the
same everywhere.
The seven major plates are African plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian
plate, North American plate, Pacific plate, and South American plate.
Please do the activity below to see how these plates relate to earthquakes, volcanism,
and mountain formation.
MELC: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
CG LC/ Code: (S10ES-Ia-j36.1)
1. Name the different tectonic plates.
2. Describe the movement of plate using plate tectonic map.
6
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
WORD GUIDE:
Study the picture below. Enumerate the different tectonic plates that you see on the map.
Perform the next activity then answer the following guide questions
Materials:
➢ Bowl
➢ Water
➢ small pieces of paper
➢ spoon or fork (for stirring)
What to do:
1. Put water on the bowl.
2. Scatter the small pieces of paper on the water surface.
3. Using the spoon or fork, stir the water or make any disturbance on the water surface.
Guide Questions:
1. What do the pieces of paper represent?
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What happens to the pieces of paper when the water was disturbed?
_________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 4: WHERE DO I BELONG?
Refer to Figure 2. Map of the Plate Boundariesin completing the table. Study the map
showing the relative motion of the plates. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement.
Fill in the table with appropriate answer.
Plates That Move Away Plates That Move Toward Plates That Move Side by
From Each Other From Each Other Side From Each Other
8
ACTIVITY 5: ACROSTIC POEM
Make an acrostic poem using the acronym of PLATE. Describe the Earths’ surface using Plate
Tectonics concepts that you learned today.
P - ______________________________________________________________
L - ______________________________________________________________
A - ______________________________________________________________
T - ______________________________________________________________
E - ______________________________________________________________
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
CRITERIA 1 POINT 2 POINTS 3 POINTS
Structure and Format The poem does not have The poem has a topic, The poem has a clear
a clear topic. but 1-2 line(s) of the topic. Each line of the
Has more than 2 lines, poem does/do not start poem begins with a letter
does not start with a with a letter in the topic in the topic word. Each
letter in the topic word. word. 1-2 lines of the line describes or relates
Has more than 2 lines, poem does/do not to the topic of the poem.
does not describe or describe or relate to the
relate to the topic of the topic of the poem.
poem.
CREATIVITY The poem does not The poem contains a The poem contains more
contain any interesting couple of interesting than two interesting word
word choice, vivid word choices, uses some choices, uses
language, or poetic vivid language, and vivid/descriptive
elements or techniques. makes use of only one language throughout the
poetic element or entire poem, and makes
technique. use of more than 1 poetic
element or technique.
MECHANICS The poem contains 3 or The poem contains 1-2 The poem does not
more spelling, spelling, grammatical, or contain any spelling,
grammatical, or punctuation errors. grammatical, or
punctuation errors. punctuation errors.
LEGIBILITY Writing is not legible and Writing is not legible in Writing is legible and the
the paper is messy. some places. paper is neat.
REFLECTION:
Congratulations! You just had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the
same in the succeeding modules. This time, share to the class your final insights by
completing the following sentence prompts.
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REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:
Plates That Move Plates That Move Plates That Move Side by Side From Each Other
Away From Each Toward From Each
Other Other
Cocos plate- Nazca Plate Eurasian Plate- Philippine Cocos Plate-
Plate Caribbean Plate
African Plate- South American Plate North American Plate-
Juan de Fulca Plate
Eurasian Plate- Caribbean Plate Philippine Plate- Australian
Plate
North American Plate- Eurasian Plate Australian Plate- Pacific
Plate
Arabian Plate- Nazca Plate- South
Eurasian Plate American Plate
Cocos Plate- Caribbean
Plate
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Answers vary
Name:_________________________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________
SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP3)
Tectonic plates move slowly relative to each other that cause certain
geologic events to happen along their boundaries. Events such as earthquakes
and formation of volcanoes and mountains may occur.
Earthquakes are the shaking of Earth’s surface as a result of the slipping of
blocks of plates against each other. The location beneath the Earth’s surface,
where the earthquake originates is called the focus or hypocenter. The location
above the Earth’s surface is called the epicenter. Seismologists use an instrument
called seismographs to detect the occurrence of an Earthquake. The recording of
seismograph is called seismogram.
Volcanoes are fissures on the Earth’s crust where lava, ashes, rocks and
other gases are emitted. They are classified as active, dormant, and extinct. Active
volcanoes are those likely to erupt again because they have recent history of
eruptions. Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for a long period of time but may
erupt in the future. Extinct volcanoes are the ones no longer expected to erupt in
the future.
Mountain ranges are group of mountains linked together forming a line of
mountains. The formation of mountains is due to the slow but gigantic movements
of tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust. When plates collide with one another, the
crust may become folded and buckled and sometimes it could break into huge
blocks. This results to the upward motion of some land areas. Other mountains are
formed due to volcanic activity.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
11
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANOES MOUNTAINS
Q1: Based on the Venn Diagram you completed, how do you think are
earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains relate to each other?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_earthquakes_in_2017.svg
2. Next, repeat the procedure using the Map of Active Volcanoes below. Use a
RED marker.
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https://www.britannica.com/science/volcano?fbclid=IwAR2SbqNfPRarbpfZNbPrT8xLslIHm1QarjU
s1MpeSjBett49Gp0VuYWx3rw
3. Lastly, trace the location of the mountain ranges of the world using a BLACK
marker. Repeat the same procedure in no. 1.
https://i.redd.it/pmvsxt7wlkf21.jpg
Q2. Put the three clear plastic sheets on top of each other. What do you notice
about the patterns of your sketches on the Earth’s distribution of earthquake
epicenters, active volcanoes and mountain ranges?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Q3. What do you think the lines you have sketched represent?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Q5. How do you think the distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes
and earthquake epicenters relate to the division of tectonic plates?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Ask each of your family members on the precautionary measures that you and
your family will adapt when a natural disaster occurs. What will be the task/role of
each member of the family? Write it down using the table below:
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FAMILY MEMBERS TASK/ROLE
REFLECTION:
ANSWER KEY:
14
Q3. The lines represent boundaries of tectonic plates Q4. The distribution of
earthquake epicentres, active volcanoes and mountain ranges serves as guide in
dividing tectonic plates.
C. Ready, Set, Plan (Learner’s Answer may vary)
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SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP 4)
In some ways, earth resembles a giant jigsaw puzzle. That is because its
outer space is composed of about 20 tectonic plates, enormous sections of Earth’s
crust that roughly fit together and meets at places called plate boundaries.
Plate boundaries are important because they are often associated with
earthquakes and volcanoes. When Earth’s tectonic plates grind past one
another, enormous amount of energy can be released in the form of earthquakes.
Volcanoes are also often found near plate boundaries because molten rock from
deep within earth- called magma – can travel upward at these intersections
between plates.
There are many types of plate boundaries. For example, sections of earth
crust can come together and collide (a convergent plate boundary), spread apart
(a divergent plate boundary), or slide past one another (a transform plate
boundary) each of these types of plate boundaries is associated with different
geological features.
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from
each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma
(molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new
oceanic crust. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Pacific Ring of Fire are two examples
of divergent plate boundaries.
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buckle up into a mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep
seafloor trench. A chain of volcanoes often forms parallel to convergent plate
boundaries and powerful earthquakes are common along these boundaries.
At convergent plate boundaries, oceanic crust is often forced down into the
mantle where it begins to melt. Magma rises into and through the other plate,
solidifying into granite, the rock that makes up the continents. Thus, at convergent
boundaries, continental crust is created and oceanic crust is destroyed.
Two plates sliding past each other form a transform plate boundary. One
of the most famous transform plate boundaries occurs at the San Andreas fault
zone, which extends underwater. Natural or human-made structures that cross a
transform boundary are offset—split into pieces and carried in opposite directions.
Rocks that line the boundary are pulverizedas the plates grind along, creating a
linear fault valley or undersea canyon. Earthquakes are common along these
faults. In contrast to convergent and divergent boundaries, crust is cracked and
broken at transform margins, but is not created or destroyed.
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%20Tectonic%20Movements%
20WS.pdf
17
2. Convergent boundary between two oceanic crust results to subduction,
and the trenches formed are deeper like the Marianas Trench, which can
sink Mt. Everest.
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%20Tectonic%20Movements%
20WS.pdf
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate %20Tectonic%20Movements%20WS.pdf
Because ocean ridges are found underwater, often at great depths, they can
be hard to study. In fact scientists know more about the surfaces of some of the
other planets in our solar system than they do about ocean ridge.
A transform plate boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other,
horizontally. A well – known transform plate boundary occurs when two plates slide
past each other, horizontally. A well – known transform plate boundary is the San
Andreas Fault, which is responsible for many of California’s earthquakes.
A single tectonic plate can have multiple types of plate boundaries with
the other plates that surround it. For instance, the Pacific Plate, one of Earth’s
largest tectonic plates, includes convergent,divergent, and transform plate
boundaries.
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LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE:
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
In this learning activity sheet, you will learn about the different types of plate
boundaries which are differentiated by the type of movement that they exhibit. Are
you ready to explore each boundary? Then, be ready to accomplish the following
activities:
ACTIVITY 1: DESCRIBE AND DRAW ME! (9 points)
Column A convergent plate boundary divergent transform
continental two two plate plate
and oceanic continent boundary boundary
oceanic crust al crust
crust
1. Mid-ocean ridges, rift
valleys
2. Fault lines
3. Subduction, trench,
mountains, volcanoes
4. Tectonic plates move
apart.
5. Tectonic plates come
together
6. Tectonic plates slide
horizontally past each
other
7. Himalayas and the
Appalachian mountain
ranges
8. San Andreas Fault
10. Subduction,
volcanoes, and trenches
19
Complete the table below. In column 1, write the type of plate boundary, in
column 2 describe the relative plate motion, and in column 3 draw an illustration
of movement using arrows.
REFLECTION:
Textbooks:
Types of Plate Boundaries, Science 10 Module 1 Quarter 1
Internet Sources:
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/plate-boundaries.html
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/plate-boundaries/
https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/7110/Plate%20Tectonic%20Movement
s%20WS.pdf
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1:
Type of Plate Boundary Relative Plate Motion Illustration of movement
using arrows
Convergent plate Plates come together
boundary
20
Activity 2:
1. Divergent boundary 4. Divergent boundary 7. Convergent boundary 10.
Continental to oceanic
2. Transform boundary 5. Convergent boundary 8. Transform boundary 11.
Oceanic to oceanic
3. Convergent boundary 6. Transform boundary 9. Divergent boundary 12. Continental
to continental
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SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP5)
Do you still remember these three types of plate boundaries? Which type
of plate boundary is illustrated in each of the following figures below?
A. B. C.
There are three distinct types of plate boundaries which are differentiated
by the type of movement they exhibit. The first type of plate boundary is termed
convergent plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. Examples
are the Philippine plate and the Eurasian plate. The second type is called divergent
plate boundary wherein plates move apart, creating zone of tension. The third type
is the transform plate boundary where plates slide and grind past each other
without diverging or converging. The best example of this plate boundary is the
San Andreas Fault which is bounded by the North American plate and the Pacific
Plate. In this particular topic we will focus on the first type of plate boundary;
(Converging of two oceanic plates).A perfect example is the formation of the
Philippine Archipelago.
https://www.google.com/search?q=convergent+boundary&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH938&tbm=isch&sourc
22
https://www.google.com/search?q=movement+of+continental+plates&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH938&tbm=isch&source
=iu&ictx=1&f
FORMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO
For the study of the formation of the Philippine islands, the most important
of the major plates are: the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate. While the
most important of the intermediate-sized plates is the Philippine Sea plate. The
Eurasian plate is the bedrock of what encompasses the continents of Asia and
Europe. It is very stable plate which includes the shallow water. The IndoAustralian
plate is found south of the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates. It is generally
oceanic, being submerged by Indian and Pacific Oceans, but it holds two gigantic
land masses – the island continent of Australia and Indian subcontinent. Recent
researches, however, show that these two land masses are moving independently
of each other, thus, may actually be parts of separate plates, submerged margins
of the continents of Asia and Europe. These are called continental shelves. A
continental shelf is a part of the continental crust that has shallow water.
The IndoAustralian plate is found south of the Eurasian and the Philippine
Sea plates. It is generally oceanic, being submerged by Indian and Pacific Oceans,
but it holds two gigantic land masses – the island continent of Australia and Indian
subcontinent. Recent researches, however, show that these two land masses are
moving independently of each other, thus, may actually be parts of separate plates.
The Philippine Sea plate is found east of the Eurasian plate. It is the bedrock
of the major islands of the Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Marianas. The
extreme southeastern portion of the Eurasian plate, which is a part of Southeast
Asia, is a continental shelf. The region is called the Sunda Shelf. The highland
sections of this shelf emerged as islands. These islands, which include the
Philippine islands of Palawan, Mindoro and Romblon, geologically belong to the
Eurasian plate. The Sunda Shelf and its islands is known as the Sundaland block
of the Eurasian plate.
https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+convergent+continental-
continental&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH938&tbm=isch&source
23
When two continental plates converge, a collision zone is formed. Unlike the
other two types of convergent boundaries, no subduction takes place in this type
of convergence. No trench, no volcano, and definitely no island arc is created
during this process. Instead, large group of tall mountains called mountain ranges
are formed.
About 40 to 50 million years ago, two large land masses, India and Eurasia
collided to begin the formation of the most visible product of plate tectonics-the
Himalayas.
https://www.google.com/search?q=example+of+convergent+boundary+in+the+philippines&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH9
38&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=OR4fv0OkKA5MCM%252CkTjRLYdlJwjheM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kSeE0LquR_CTD-
OXHXL_IYXoKvWcQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0jvaZ4LvxAhVFyIsBHeiFB6YQ_h16BAgOEAE#imgrc=GWviCEYlPMiAjM
MELC: Explain the Different Processes that occur along the plate
boundaries.
Objectives:
1. Trace how the Philippine Island was formed.
2. Identify the different geologic features formed when two oceanic plates and two
continental plates collide.
3. Explain the different processes that occur along this type of plate boundary.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
Objective
• Explain the processes that occur along a convergent boundary between
an oceanic and a continental plate.
Materials:
• rectangular basin or food tray half-filled with water
24
• 2 pieces of foam (8 cm x 16 cm each)
• a flat surface
Procedures:
Objective:
• Explain the processes that occur when two continental crusts converge.
Materials:
• a small soup bowl half-filled with water
• 2 whole pieces of any crunchy cracker or 2 slices of bread
• a flat surface
Procedure:
1. Soak at least 1/3 of the part of the two crackers or bread into the saucer
containing water.
2. Arrange them on the flat surface so that their soaked parts touch each
other.
3. Push the two crackers or bread slices inward and watch what happens.
4. On another sheet of paper, draw what you see from the setup after step
3 then write your answers to the questions that follow.
Guide Questions:
Q3. What happened to the colliding parts of the crackers?
Q4. If the crackers were Earth’s crusts, what landform was produced?
Q5. What event will the people residing in nearby places experience?
Why?
Q6. Do you think volcanic eruption is possible to happen? Why?
Rubric for Scoring
Good (5pts) Better (10pts) Best(15pts)
Explain and
illustrate the
different
processes that
occur when two
25
continental plates
collide.
Explain and
illustrate the
different geologic
events that
happens when
two oceanic
crusts collide
REFLECTION:
Textbooks:
SLM Grade 10
Grade 10 Learner’s Module
DepEd Commons
LRMDS
Internet Sources:
26
ANSWER KEY:
Answer Key
Activities
Q1. tsunami
Q2. Magma will be formed in the mantle and volcanoes will emerge in the ocean.
Q3. they piled up and gathered.
Q4. Earthquake
Q5. Earthquake; because the ground move.
Q6. No. No subduction, no volcano
Reflection
1.volcanic island
2.trench
3.earthquake
4.tsunami
5.mountain ranges
6.no volcanic
7.earthquake
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SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP 6)
Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust and the upper part of the
mantle. According to Plate Tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is
broken into numerous segments called plates.
Studying plate boundaries is important because along these boundaries,
deformation of the lithosphere is happening. These geologic events have a great
impact not only on the environment but also on us.
https://www.google.com/search?q=DIVERGENT+PLATE+BOUNDARYqIG90arNp0HY6B-
QnDudpPYeQ%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiskdD4_b7xAhWRYH0KHXziAJoQ9QF6BAgvEAE%23imgrc%3DpR-
Divergent plate boundaries mostly happen under the oceans. As plates pull
away from each other, a vertical space that may extend deep down into the lowest
layer of the crust is created. It is a rift valley. The force of separation creates a
tension zone. A shallow earthquake may happen with this plate movement. Plate
divergence is believed to be a slow continuous process. As the plates move away,
the gap between them increases. While this happens, materials from the mantle
may rise, filling up space. These materials pile up near the tension zone forming
mountain-like structures called oceanic ridges. But new materials from the mantle
may push the old ones. The filled-up space between the plates becomes a new
seafloor. This process is known as seafloor spreading.
The next type of plate boundary is what everyone fears about these days. It
is the transform fault boundary. With this type of boundary, another geologic
feature is formed, and events happen.
28
https://www.google.com/search?q=transform+fault+boundary+example&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH938&tbm=
isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=81exwJ_afOGgrM%252CrPgXmQJUQb_5iM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kTDB2ee1gSzf7JP-
Uzu42Eh3BYAcw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMrt7Fnb_xAhUPBZQKHfpuDNwQ9QF6BAgpEAE#imgrc=81exwJ_afOGgrM
Transform fault boundaries occur where plates are sliding past one
another. They are also called conservative boundaries because crust is neither
destroyed nor created along them. Transform fault boundaries are most common
on the seafloor, where they form oceanic fracture zones. When they occur on land,
they produce faults.
MELC: Explain the different processes that occur along the plate
boundaries.
29
1. Identify the different geologic features formed when two lithospheric plates
diverge.
2. Identify the geologic events that took place along a transform-fault boundary.
3.Determine the results of plates that are:
a. moving apart
b. sliding horizontally past each other.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
https://www.google.com/search?q=divergent+plate+boundaries&rlz=1C1OKWM_enPH938PH938&tbm=isch&source=
Q1. From the picture, where does divergence of plates usually take place
inland or under bodies of water?
Q2. As plates move apart, a tension zone is formed. Between magma and
water, which rises to the tension zone?
Q3. If the divergence continues, what could probably happen to the size of
the space between the splitting crusts? Will it widen or stay the same?
Q4. As the materials at the tension zone reach the surface and cool down,
will the materials form a new crust or another layer of the mantle?
ACTIVITY 2:
Have you tried eating a half-cooked egg? As you cut open the white part
with your spoon, what comes out of the cooked part? Yes, it is the half-cooked
egg yolk. The divergence of plates is somewhat similar to a splitting open egg. As
it opens, the half-cooked egg yolk gradually flows out. When it cools down, it
becomes solid.
Q5. If the cooked part of the egg is the crust, you could compare the half-
cooked egg yolk with what material? Why?
Q6. If the half-cooked yolk solidifies when it cools off, what becomes
magma when it cools down? Why did you say so?
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Q7. The half-cooked egg yolk oozes out only when it is still hot. In the
same manner, where does the magma on the mantle rise because of high
temperature -at the mantle, or at the crust?
ACTIVITY 3:
Follow the procedures below. Answer the questions then write your answers on
the space provided.
MATERIALS:
• a modelling clay (at least 2 colors)
• illustration board.
PROCEDURES:
1. On a piece of paper, flatten one color of the modeling clay. Choose
other color and make three (3) small strands.
2. Place the flattened modeling clay at the center of the two sandpapers.
Q8. What happened to the small strands when you slide both sandpapers in
opposite directions?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
REFLECTION:
31
called (Q10)________________(rift valleys, oceanic ridges). At the tension zone,
materials from the mantle may rise to the surface of the ocean floor, cools down
and become new (Q11)_______________(crust, mantle).
When plates slide past each other, the movement can cause an
(Q12)________earthquake, storm). A crack on the ground called
(Q13)_______(fault, trench) is formed.
ANSWER KEY:
Answer Key:
Q1. under bodies of water Q4. new crust Q7. Mantle Q9.rift valleys
Q2. Magma Q5. Magma. It flows. Q8. Answer may vary. Q10. Oceanic
ridges
Q3. Widen Q6.new crust. It is on the top layer of the Earth. Q11. Crust
Q12. Earthquake Q13. Fault
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
32
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name:_________________________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________
SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP7)
33
3. Relate the mechanism of continental drift and seafloor spreading
to the movement of continents and ocean basins.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
Plate tectonics
The lithosphere is that layer of the Earth that is mainly involved in tectonic
activities. This layer is divided into seven major plates that include the African plate,
Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, Indo Australian plate, North American plate, Pacific
plate, and the South American plate. There are some minor plates that include the
Caribbean, Scotia, Arabian, Indian, Philippine, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and Nazca
plates.
These tectonic plates have the following characteristics which explain why
the surface of the Earth is moving and why continents and ocean basins always
34
undergo transformations:
● One plate can carry both continental and oceanic crusts. The
average thickness of the lithosphere covered by a continent is 125
km. The average thickness of the lithosphere covered by the oceanic
crust is 75 km.
● A plate floats on the asthenosphere and slides horizontally over it. It
is like a block of ice that floats on a lake; it may bend a little or may
slightly move up and down. Each plate moves as a large solid rock.
● Tectonic plates move at a very slow rate. Since continents and
oceans make up the uppermost part of the lithosphere, both the
continents and oceanic crusts move across the Earth simultaneously
with the plates.
Most tectonic activities take place at the boundaries of these plates. The
movement of tectonic plates is made possible by heat from the upper mantle. Heat
makes the rocks of the lithosphere more elastic. Tectonic activity is responsible for
some of the Earth's most dramatic geologic events like earthquakes, volcanoes,
mountain building, and deep ocean trenches. All these are formed by tectonic
activities in the lithosphere, which eventually shaped the lithosphere itself.
ACTIVITY 2:
A. REBUS
Form a new word based on the pictures or symbols that are combined together as clue.
Be aware of your spelling.
clues word
tectonic
1.
2.
3.
4.
35
5.
36
simple and clear terms. It states that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into seven
major plates and some minor ones that move smoothly across the Earth at a rate
of 1 to 16 cm a year. The plate tectonics theory may be used to explain the
following:
● The Earth's surface continues to change through time.
● Earthquakes occur in some places.
● Certain regions experience volcanic activities.
● The location of mountain ranges
Rubric for Scoring in Activity 2B
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
Content All the Only 4 Only 3 Only 2 All
sentences sentences sentences sentences sentences
in the are related are related are related read are
presentatio to the topic to the topic to the topic not related
n are and ideas and ideas and ideas to the topic
related to are are are and ideas
the topic logically logically somehow are not
and ideas arranged. arranged. logically arranged
are arranged. logically.
logically
arranged.
Presentation The The The The The
presentatio presentatio presentatio presentatio presentatio
n is clear, n is clear, n is clear n is creative n is not
logical and logical but but not only. clear,
creative. not logical and logical, and
creative. creative. creative.
REFLECTION:
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by giving your ideas.
I think…
What are your thoughts or ideas about the
causes of plate movements?
I learned that…
What new or additional ideas did you
learn after taking up the lesson?
Textbooks: Baguio, S. Sol (et.al) Breaking through Science second edition pp. 30-46
Science 10 Learners material (Department of Education, Compiler).n.d.
Department of Education.
Science 10 module (Department of Education, Compiler).n.d. Department of
Education.
Internet Source:
https://www.britannica.com/science/plate-tectonics
37
ANSWER KEY:
Act 1.
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
38
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name:_________________________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________
SCIENCE 10
(Q1_LP8)
For over 4 billion years of the Earth’s existence, different natural phenomena were
given sound explanations based on observations and challenging the hypotheses made
under different conditions. Thus, after accumulating evidence that support the hypotheses,
is the birth of theories.
One of the phenomena known to man is the motion of the tectonic plates. It is
believed that the continents have not always been where they are today. Different theories
such as the Continental Drift Theory and Seafloor Spreading Theory supported this idea.
How do these theories support the hypothesis of dynamic earth?
Millions of years ago, the earth appears to be different from what it looks today.
Continents were positioned elsewhere. However, as the tectonic plates move, continents
shifted their position.
Alfred Wegener presented several evidence that support his claim of the
Continental Drift Theory. These are the Continental Jigsaw Puzzle Evidence, the evidence
from Fossils, Rocks and Coal Deposits. The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle Evidence is the
most visible and fascinating proof that these continents were once one in their shapes.
Fossils which are the preserved remains of organisms (plants and animals) also support
the theory as some fossilized leaves of an extinct plant Glossopteris were found in 250
million years old rocks in continents now separated by wide oceans. The large seeds of
this plant could not possibly travel a long journey by the wind or survive a rough ride
through ocean waves. The rocks also provide evidence that continents drifted apart from
each other such as the rock formations in Africa and South America that seem to line up
and form long mountain range. Coal beds were formed from the compaction and
decomposition of swamp plants that lived million years ago. At present, coal deposits were
found at locations where substantial amount of life cannot be sustained.
39
SEAFLOOR SPREADING THEORY
In the early 1960’s, scientist Harry Hess, together with Robert Dietz, suggested an
explanation to the continental drift. This is the Seafloor Spreading Theory. According to
this theory, hot, less dense material from below the earth’s crust rises towards the surface
at the mid-ocean ridge. This material flows sideways carrying the seafloor away from the
ridge and creates a crack in the crust. The magma flows out of the crack, cools down and
becomes the new seafloor as shown in Figure 1.
Overtime, the new oceanic crust pushed the old
oceanic crust far from the ridge. The process of
seafloor spreading allowed the creation of new
bodies of water.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES:
Complete the graphic organizer below about the Continental Drift and Seafloor
Spreading Theories.
40
Plate Tectonic Evidences
Proposed by
1. 2.
Evidence
3. 4. 7. 8.
5. 6. 9. 10.
Identify the evidence that support the Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading Theories
being shown by the pictures. Give a brief description or explanation of the evidence
identified.
1.Evidence:_________ 3.Evidence:_________
__ __
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
____________ ____________
2.Evidence:_________ 4.Evidence:_________
__ __
Description/ Explanation: Description/ Explanation:
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
ACTIVITY 3: Building the Pangaea.
____________ ____________
Procedure:
1. Trace and cut out the landmasses. Include the gray area as part of the
landmasses.
2. Use the evidences that support the Continental Drift Theory to fit together the
continents and islands.
3. Once you are sure that landmasses are in the correct position, have them taped
or glued on a sheet of paper.
4. Answer the following guide questions.
41
Q3: How did you reconstruct the supercontinent?
Q5: Will you be able to reconstruct the Pangaea without the symbols and clues given?
What do you think these symbols and clues represent?
Criteria
Categories
4 3 2 1
The output goes The output The output The output did
Content/
beyond what is meets what is hardly meets not meet what is
Requirement
required. required. what is required. required.
42
the allotted time. after the allotted several days
time. after the allotted
time.
REFLECTION:
Textbooks:
Internet Sources:
Images at
https://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo105/Lecture%203%20DRIFT.pdfhttps://www.ge
olsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-Tectonics/Alfred-Wegener/Fossil-
Evidence-from-the-Southern-
Hemispherehttps://publish.illinois.edu/platetectonics/continental-drift/
ANSWER KEY:
43
1. Continental Jigsaw Puzzle
2. Evidence from Rocks
3. Magnetic Reversal
4. Fossil Evidence
Q4: Continental Jigsaw Puzzle, Evidence from Fossils, Evidence from Rocks and
Coal deposits. Explanations may vary.
Q5: Answers may vary. Representation of the Evidence that support the
Continental and Seafloor Spreading Theories.
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
44