Public Disclosure Authorized

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

President Office

TANZANIA SOCIAL ACTION FUND

Production Social Safety Net - II
(PSSN II)
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Final
Public Disclosure Authorized

Prepared by:

TASAF Management Unit

PSPF Tower, 4th Floor
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete Street
P. O. Box 2719
Dodoma
Tel: +255 2629 63866
Fax: +255 2629 63871
E mail: [email protected]
Website: www.tasaf.org

APRIL 2019
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CAP - Chapter
CBO - Community Based Organization
CDD Chap - Community Driven Development
CMC
ter - Community Management Committee
CMCs - Community Management Committee
CMCs
COMSIP - Community Savings and Investment Promotion
DED - - District Executive Director
DEMO - District Environmental Management Officer
DFID Com - Department for International Development
DoE
munity - Division of Environment
DOEZ - Department of Environment Zanzibar
Management
DP - Displaced People/Development Partner
EA
Committee - Environmental Assessment
ECD - Early Childhood Development
COMSIP
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
EIAR - - Environmental Impact Assessment Report
EIS - Environmental Impact Statement
EM - Environmental Monitoring
EMA
DFID - Environmental Management Act 2004
EMO - Environmental Management Officer
ER - - Environmental Review
ES Depa - Environmental Screening
ESA - Environmental and Social Assessment
rtment
ESMF for - Environmental and Social Management Framework
FI
Internationa - Financial Intermediary
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
lGBV - Gender Based Violence
GN
Development - Government Notice
GoT - Government of Tanzania
DP
GoZ - Government of Zanzibar
GRM - - Grievance Redress Mechanism
HBS - Household Budget Survey
HIV/AIDDispl - Human inefficient Virus/Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome
ID
aced - Identification
IDA - International Development Association
People/Devel
IGA - Income Generating Activity
IRF
opment - Involuntary/Resettlement Framework
LAT - Land Tenure Act
Partner
LEA - Limited Environmental Assessment
LGAs
EA - Local Government Authorities
LGSP - Local Government Support Programme
M&E - - Monitoring and Evaluation
MDGs Envir - Millennium Development Goals
MEP - Monitoring and Evaluation Plan.
onmental
MKUZA - Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi Zanzibar
MLHHSD
Assessment - Ministry of Land, Housing and Human Settlement Development
MSLSD - Ministry of State, Local Government and Special Department
ECD
MT - Metric Tons
-
i
Early
Childhood
Development
NEMC - National Environment Management Council
NEP - National Environmental Policy
NFDA - National Food and Drug Authority
NGO - Non-Governmental Organizations
NPSNP - National Productive Safety Net Program
NSC - National Steering Committee
NVF - National Village Fund
OD - Operational Directive
OM - Operational Manual
OP - Operational Policy
PAAs - Project Area Authorities
PAPs - Project Affected Persons
PCDP - Public Consultation and Disclosures Procedures
PDO - Project Development Objective
PEA - Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment
PO-RALG - President’ Office Regional Administration and Local Government
PPA - Participatory Poverty Assessment
PPT - Project Preparation Team
PRS - Poverty Reduction Strategy
PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
PSSN - Productive Social Safety Net
PWP - Public Works Program
LAP - Land Acquisition Plan
RAS - Regional Administrative Secretary
RCDAP - Reconciliation, Discloser Action Plan
LPF - Land Acquisition Policy Framework
SEA - Socio Economic Assessment
TASAF - Tanzania Social Action Fund
TBS - Tanzania Bureau of Standards
TMU - TASAF Management Unit
TNA - Training Needs Assessment
TOR - Terms of Reference
TOT - Training of Trainers
TPRI - Tropical Pesticides Research Institute
URT - United Republic of Tanzania
VDP - Village Development Plan
VFC - Village Fund Coordinator
VIC - Veterinary Investigation Center
VPO-DOE - Vice President Office – Division of Environment
WB - World Bank
WEO - Ward Executive Officer
WFP - World Food Program

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Table of Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...............................................................................................i
DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Baseline Data ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 Geographical location ................................................................................................1
1.2.2 Major Geographical Features ....................................................................................1
1.2.3 Economy ....................................................................................................................2
1.2.4 Weather ......................................................................................................................2
1.2.5 Population ..................................................................................................................3
1.3 Description of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Component 1: Productive Household Support: .........................................................4
1.3.2 Component 2: Institutional strengthening and integrated delivery systems .............6
CHAPTER 2: ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND
IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Objectives of the ESMF .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Potential Users of this ESMF .................................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW OF POLICIES, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS . 13
3.3.1 National Land Policy (1995) ...................................................................................13
3.3.2 Agriculture and Livestock Policy (1997) ................................................................14
3.3.3 National Forestry Policy, 1998 ................................................................................14
3.3.4 National Human Settlement Policy (2000) ..............................................................14
3.3.5 Environmental Legislation: .....................................................................................15
3.4 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework .............................................................................. 15
3.5 Environmental Institutional Arrangements: ........................................................................................... 18
3.6 Linkage of PSSN II on Policies, Legislation and Institutional Arrangement ....................................... 20
3.7 Environmental Assessment Process and Procedures ............................................................................. 21
3.7.1 EIA Procedure in the Program .................................................................................21
3.7.2 Steps toward Environmental and Social Management under ESS1 ........................21
3.8 Potential Environmental and Social Risk and Impact ............................................................................ 23
3.8.1 Overall Environmental and Social impacts .............................................................24
3.8.2 Potential Positive Impacts........................................................................................24
3.8.3 Potential Adverse Impacts .......................................................................................26
3.8.4 Localized Negative Impacts ....................................................................................27
3.8.5 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................................28
3.8.6 Strategic Impacts .....................................................................................................28
3.8.7 Other Social and Environmental Degradation Issues ..............................................29
3.9 Training and Capacity Building .............................................................................................................. 30
3.9.1 Training at PAA level ..............................................................................................31
3.9.2 Budget for Mainstreaming, Capacity Building and Training ..................................31
3.10 Monitoring and Evaluation of ESMF ..................................................................................................... 31
3.10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators .....................................................................32
3.10.2 Monitoring Roles and Responsibilities....................................................................32
CHAPTER 4: LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS .............................................................................. 35
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 35
4.2 Objective .................................................................................................................................................. 35
4.3 Rationale for Labour and Working Conditions (LWC) Procedures ...................................................... 35
4.4 Scope of application ................................................................................................................................ 36
4.5 Working Conditions and Management of Worker Relationships ......................................................... 36
4.5.1 Labour Management Procedure ...............................................................................36
4.5.2 Terms and conditions of engagement ......................................................................37
4.5.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM): ..................................................................37
4.5.4 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS): ..................................................................37

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 4.5.5 Duty allocations – women, elderly, people with disability, pregnant women .........38
4.5.6 Institutional arrangement: ........................................................................................38
4.5.7 Risk Assessment: .....................................................................................................39
4.5.8 Mitigation: ...............................................................................................................39
4.5.9 Monitoring: ..............................................................................................................39
4.5.10 Budgets and Costs Estimate: ...................................................................................39
CHAPTER 5: CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION PLAN ...................................................................... 40
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 40
5.2 Policies and legal frameworks ................................................................................................................ 40
5.3 Objective of addressing Cultural Heritage Issues .................................................................................. 41
5.4 Key areas of focus ................................................................................................................................... 41
5.5 Ngorongoro Conservation Area (1979) .................................................................................................. 41
5.6 Serengeti National Park (1981) ............................................................................................................... 41
5.7 Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara (1981) ................................................................ 41
5.7.1 Selous Game Reserve (1982)...................................................................................42
5.7.2 Kilimanjaro National Park (1987) ...........................................................................42
5.7.3 Stone Town of Zanzibar (2000) ...............................................................................42
5.7.4 Kondoa Rock Art Sites (2007) ................................................................................42
5.7.5 Potential adverse Impacts on Culture Heritage of communities .............................43
5.8 Cultural Heritage Management and Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 43
CHAPTER 6: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................ 45
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 45
6.2 Stakeholders identification and analysis ................................................................................................. 46
6.2.1 Affected parties ........................................................................................................46
6.2.2 Other interested parties ............................................................................................46
6.2.3 Vulnerable Groups ...................................................................................................46
6.2.4 Summary of project stakeholder needs ....................................................................46
6.2.5 Stakeholders Engagement Plan................................................................................47
6.2.6 Purpose and timing of stakeholder engagement program........................................48
6.2.7 Proposed strategy for information disclosure ..........................................................48
6.3 Proposed strategy for consultation .......................................................................................................... 48
6.3.1 Proposed strategy to incorporate the view of vulnerable groups .............................49
6.3.2 Timelines .................................................................................................................49
6.3.3 Review of Comments ..............................................................................................49
6.4 Resources and Responsibilities for implementing stakeholder engagement activities ........................ 49
6.4.1 Human Resources ....................................................................................................49
6.4.2 Management functions and responsibilities.............................................................50
6.4.2.1 Village and Ward levels………………………………………………………………………………50
6.4.2.2 PAA and regional levels………………………………………………………………………………50
6.4.2.3 National Level……………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
6.5 Monitoring and Reporting……………………………………………………………………………51
6.5.1 Involvement of stakeholders in monitoring activities .............................................51
6.5.1 Reporting back to stakeholder groups .....................................................................51
CHAPTER 7: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................. 52
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 52
7.2 The procedure of grievance redress ........................................................................................................ 53
7.2.1 Environmental and social issues ................................................................................54
7.2.2. Vulnerable group issues ............................................................................................54
7.2.3. Other Vulnerable Groups ..........................................................................................54
CHAPTER 8: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ESMF ......................................................................................... 56
8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 56
8.2 Capacity building at different levels ....................................................................................................... 56
8.3 Budget for Capacity Building in Environmental and Social Frameworks ............................................ 57
ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................... 58
Annex 1: Brief description on the nature and estimated cost for major types of subprojects ............................. 58
Annex 2: List of Projects requiring EIA based on EMA, 2004 (Mandatory, but not applicable to PSSN II) ..... 61

iv
Annex 3: List of small-scale activities and enterprises that require registration (some may be applicable to PSSN
II) .......................................................................................................................................................... 67
Annex 4: Fomu ya Kutambua Aina ya Mradi na Ushirikishwaji wa Jamii ........................................................ 70
Annex 5 Tathmini Ndogo Ya Athari Kwa Mazingira Na Kijamii (TAM) ......................................................... 73
Annex 6 Sample Matrix of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ............................................ 74
Annex 7 Environmental Checklist based on Subprojects Sectors ....................................................................... 77
Annex 8 Subproject Safeguards Reporting Format ............................................................................................ 86
Annex 11 Risk Assessment and Severity Index Matrices ................................................................................... 88
Annex 12: Stakeholder Engagement Plan ........................................................................................................... 90
Annex 13: Grievance Reporting Form ................................................................................................................ 92
Annex 14: Sample Grievance Resolution Form.................................................................................................. 93
Annex 15: Capacity building plan ...................................................................................................................... 95
Annex 16: Stakeholder Engagement During PSSN II Preparation stage ............................................................ 96
Annex 17: Map of National Parks and major protected areas in Tanzania………………………..112

v
LIST OF FIGURES

Figures 1.a and 1.b Map of Tanzania showing areas of Maximum and Minimum Rainfall .... 3
Figure 2: Environmental Institutional arrangement for Tanzania mainland ........................ 19
Figure 3: Environmental Institutional arrangement for Tanzania Zanzibar ......................... 20
Figure 4: Cultural Heritage Management and Monitoring Plan .......................................... 44

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Summary of Environmental and Social Standards .................................................... 16

Table 2: Summary of stakeholders needs ............................................................................... 47

vi
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Government of Tanzania (GoT) has requested the World Bank and other Development
Partners (DP) namely Department for International Development (DFID), World Food Program
(WFP), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency of International Development,
Embassy of Sweden and United Nation Agencies (UNDP, ILO and UNICEF) for their continued
support for Productive Social Safety Net program (PSSN) II. The implementing agency of the
proposed project is Tanzania Social Action Fund vested in the President’s Office.

2. The Second phase of Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN II) is developed following successful
implementation of TASAF I and II between years 2000 to 2012 respectively, and the implementation
of First phase of Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN I) program from 2012 to 2018. The
implementation of the Program will cover 187 Project Area Authorities (PAAs) with more than 10,000
Villages/Mtaa/Shehia.

3. The objective of PSSN II is to improve access to income-earning opportunities and social-

economic services for targeted households below the poverty line while enhancing and protecting the
human capital of their children. The program will be implemented through two components namely
(i) Productive Household Support (ii) Institutional Capacity and Integrated Delivery System.

4. Productive Household Support will provide participating households with an integrated package
of support including productive inclusion, public works and cash transfers. Cash Transfers will enable
Households to ensure a minimum level of consumption; build resilience against shocks; and invest in
their children’s health and education to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Transfers
will be largely conditional on education and/or health-related behaviors while labour-constrained
households including elderly, people with disability, child-headed households will receive direct
support. In addition, PW will create productive assets at community level and provide temporary
employment opportunities to participating households, providing additional income to smooth
consumption and mitigate shock during rainy season. Productive inclusion will consist of basic
livelihood support, awareness raising and strengthening linkages to extension services and enhanced
livelihood packages for selected households.

5. Institutional Capacity Strengthening and Integrated Delivery Systems ensure effective Program
implementation, capacity building of Program Implementers, strengthening of inter-sectoral
coordination and Program management support.

6. The proposed project will apply the new Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). The
project is classified as Moderate risk based on the activities’ type, location, sensitivity, scale, nature,
magnitude of potential risks and capacity of the implementing entity and commitment of the GoT. All
proposed project activities will be assessed to meet the requirements of relevant ESSs. Although the
existing safeguards instruments, including the Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) for PSSN I will be relevant for the proposed project, extensive updates have been done to
address environmental and social risks and impacts in accordance with ESS1 and the requirements of
the relevant Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs).. An Environmental and Social Commitment
Plan (ESCP) has been prepared, which set out measures and actions that the Program would institute
to meet ESSs requirements. To address environmental and social risks and impacts of subprojects the
vii
following ESSs will be applicable: (i) ESS1 on Assessment and Management of Environmental and
Social Risks and Impacts; (ii) ESS2 on Labor and Working Conditions; (iii) ESS3 on Resource
Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management; (iv) ESS4 on Community Health and Safety;
(v) ESS5 on Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land use and Involuntary Resettlement; (vi) ESS6 on
Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Resources; (vii) ESS7 on
Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Underserved Traditional Local Communities; (viii) ESS8
on Cultural Heritage; and (ix) ESS10 on Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.

7. Parallel to ESF the Project will apply relevant national laws on protection and conservation of
environment, natural resources, cultural heritage while ensuring safety and health of participants at
working place. For reference, the main legislations include Environmental Management Act (2004),
Village Land Act of (2002), Land Act of (2002) and Zanzibar Environment Management Act No 3
(2015) and Land Act No. 8, 9 and 10 of (1990). Sector legislations were also referred to for addressing
issues on specific sectors.

8. The implementation of the Project is designed to be environmentally and socially responsible

to avoid any undesirable adverse consequences of the given interventions and hence ensure the
achievement of improved standards of living of the poor. Most of the project impacts would be low to
moderate and localized due to the relatively small-scale nature.

9. The overall negative environmental and social impacts predicted under the Project include but
not limited to: erosion of lands downhill from road-bed or in borrow areas; slips and slumps; creation
of stagnant pools of water in borrow pits; generation of dust to nearby houses during subprojects
implementation activities; increased sediments into streams, ponds and rivers due to erosion from road
sides; and deterioration in water quality due to high silt load.

10. Implementation of PWP and Livelihood sub-component will involve manual labor provided by
Project participants. In this case, Labor Management Procedures (LMP) has been prepared as a
separate document to meet the objectives of ESS 2 and provide for a safe and healthy working
environment. The LMP provide for safety requirements, application of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) and emergency/accident preparedness plan for working participant. The project will apply the
relevant requirements of the Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSG)

11. The Project is expected to be implemented nationwide, covering all 187 Project Area
Authorities (PAAs) with different cultural backgrounds and norms. The Project is seeking to conserve
and protect tangible and intangible cultural heritage of communities it serves, ensuring poverty
eradication activities do not interfere with efforts to practice and promote conservation of culture and
protect community heritage. The main objective of ESS8 (Cultural Heritage) is to ensure that cultural
values of communities are retained irrespective of how marginal these cultures may be. It is also
considered important that such heritage sites are conserved for present and future generations.

12. Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) has been developed as a standalone document in
accordance with the requirements of ESS10 to ensure all Project stakeholders are adequately engaged
in all stages of Project activities. The Stakeholders Engagement Plan provides for identification, means

viii
and methods applied to approach and engage each group into the Project activities and monitoring of
level of engagement through continuous consultation in entire project implementation period.

13. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has also been prepared to ensure all Project
stakeholders grievances are heard and addressed in accordance to laid procedure.

14. Capacity building. A major effort to build capacity is planned for PSSN II, particularly to
address capacity constraints at subnational levels. The training strategy will build on the experience
gained under PSSN I and the budget will be mainstreamed in subcomponents’ budgets.

ix
 DEFINITIONS

15. Environment: In the context of this document, “Environment” is understood as the whole set
of natural or biophysical and man-made or socio-cultural systems in which man and other organisms
live, work and interact.

16. Environmental Assessment (EA): The process of managing the environmental aspects of
policy, strategy, program or sub projects from the earliest stages of identifying the potential actions to
their completion and evaluations. The process encompasses identification of potential adverse
environmental impact, assessments of these impacts and comparison with impacts of alternative
approaches; design and implementation measures and plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or
compensate for adverse impacts; and development of associated management and monitoring
measures.

17. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): This is a process for orderly and systematic
examination/evaluation of a proposal including its alternatives, objectives and its effect on the
environment including the mitigation and management of those effects. The process extends from the
initial concept of the proposal through implementation to completion and, where appropriate,
decommissioning.

18. Environmental Review (ER): An environmental assessment instrument in which the subproject
is likely to have minimum impacts but should be reviewed with a simple and standardized checklist
of possible impacts and appropriate mitigation measures.

19. Environmental Screening (ES): The process of identifying, as early as possible, the potential
adverse environmental impacts of proposed sub projects assigning the environmental category
indicating the level of anticipated impact corresponding level of environmental assessment
required: and identifying the most relevant EA instrument needed to address the potential
impacts and environmental issues associated with sub projects.

20. Preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA): This is a systematic identification, description

or initial examination of environmental and socio-economic impacts that are undertaken to obtain just
enough information to determine whether or not there will be significant adverse environmental
impacts as a result of the proposed project.

21. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): An instrument that details (a)
the measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of a project to eliminate or
offset adverse environmental impacts, or to reduce them to acceptable levels; and (b) the actions
needed to implement these measures.

22. Environmental Monitoring (EM): Is the continuous or periodic measuring and recording
of physical, social and economic variables associated with the project impacts.

23. Environmental Audit (EA): Means the systematic, documented, periodic and objective
evaluation of how well subprojects are performing in conserving or preserving the environment.

x
24. Scoping: The process for determining the extent of environmental impact of the project to be
undertaken. In the process extensive consultations with principle stakeholders is mandatory in order
to inform them about the proposed activities and solicit their views about it.

25. Environment Impact Statement (EIS): This is a report or document prepared by the proponent
after undertaking of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study to present the case for the
assessment of their proposal as part of the environmental impact assessment process.

26. Public: The public includes any individual or group of individuals, Stakeholders (Affected or
Interested Parties) and interest groups. These are people who are impacted by the proposed
development or undertaking either directly or indirectly. Interest group may include local and/or
international environmental organizations, professional societies, labor unions, local associations,
individual persons, etc.

xi
 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Background

27. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania has put in place important policies to
address poverty and vulnerability. The current Second Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP II) –
2016/17-2020/21 aims at economic transformation to enable Tanzania to become a middle-income
country by 2025 and provides an overarching framework for all poverty alleviation and growth-related
strategies in Tanzania. Social Protection is part of FYDP II’s larger agenda, which includes: reducing
poverty; addressing social and economic risks, deprivation and vulnerability; protecting human rights;
and improving capabilities and labor market outcomes.

28. In both the Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar, efforts have been undertaken to develop social
protection policies. The Zanzibar Social Protection Policy was published in 2015 and an
Implementation Plan developed in 2016. On the Mainland, a process is currently underway to
transform the National Social Security Policy of 2003 into a comprehensive National Social Protection
Policy. The new Social Protection Policy is expected to be framed around four pillars that will
henceforth underpin all social protection programs in Tanzania. These are: i) contributory social
protection, including pensions; ii) non-contributory social protection, including safety nets and cash
transfers; iii) demand side linkages with social services; and iv) productive inclusion and livelihoods
interventions.

1.2 Baseline Data

1.2.1 Geographical location

29. Tanzania is in Eastern Africa, located between 1OS to 12OS and 30OE to 40OE. It is constituted
by Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar with a total area of 945,087 sq. km comprised of land area of
883,749 sq. km (881,289 sq. km mainland) and 2,654 sq. km Zanzibar, plus 59,050 sq. km inland
water bodies. It shares borders with Kenya and Uganda in the North; Rwanda, Burundi and Democratic
Republic of Congo in the West; Zambia and Malawi in the South West and Mozambique in the South.
The eastern boundary is an 800 km coastal line fronting the Indian Ocean from Kenya in the north at
4°38’S to Mozambique in the South at 10°30’S. Some 40 km offshore are the islands of Zanzibar
(Unguja and Pemba) and Mafia (to the South), plus numerous smaller islands.

1.2.2 Major Geographical Features

30. There is a wide variety of physical features extending from a narrow coastal belt with sandy
beaches to an extensive plateau covered by savanna and bush vegetation with altitude ranging from
1000 to 2000 m. The plateau is fringed by narrow belts of forests highlands, including Mt. Meru and
Mt. Kilimanjaro (5,895m), the highest mountain in Africa. Except for the coastal strip and lower parts
of the main rivers, the rest of the country lies above 300m altitude. The coastal plain is relatively
narrow, less than 20 km at Kenya boarder, and broadens gradually to 150 km around Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania mainland has several fresh water bodies, including Lake Victoria, the largest in Africa,
located on Kenya-Uganda-Tanzania boarder; Lake Tanganyika, the longest and deepest in Africa and

1
second deepest in the world after lake Baikal in Siberia, located on the boarder of Tanzania, Burundi,
Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo; and Lake Nyasa located on the boarder of Tanzania,
Malawi and Mozambique. The transboundary natural resources have necessitated Tanzania and its
neighbors to put in place protocols, agreements and mechanisms for the management, conservation,
sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits of these resources.

1.2.3 Economy

31. Tanzania has witness a strong economic growth in recent years. Currently, the annual average
economic growth stands at 7 percent in Tanzania mainland and 6.6 percent in Zanzibar. These statistics
transform it as one of the stronger performances in Sub-Sahara Africa. Despite the rapid increase in
population projection of 2.7% growth rate, the GDP growth is still translated to have substantial
increases in average per capital income from 510USD in 2007, 730 USD in 2011 and 979USD in 2016
across the United Republic of Tanzania1

32. Despite the above achievements, number of people living in poverty and extreme poverty
remain high. Approximately 4.3 million people continue to live in extreme poverty across the United
Republic of Tanzania (4.1 million on the Mainland and 0.2 million in Zanzibar), that is to say that they
have less than enough to purchase the minimum food basket. Despite the reduction in the extreme
poverty rate, due to population growth the absolute number of people living in extreme poverty did
not decline at all between 2007 and 2011/12. As for the number of people living in basic needs poverty,
on the Mainland the number declined slightly from 13.2 million to 11.9 million between 2007 -
2011/12, and in Zanzibar remained almost unchanged between 2009/10 and 2014/15 at 444,000.

1.2.4 Weather

Temperature

33. Temperature in Tanzania varies according to the geographical location, relief and altitude. In
the Coastal Regions and the off-shore Islands the average temperatures range between 27 °C and 29
°C, while in the Central, Northern and Western parts temperatures range between 20 °C and 30 °C and
higher between the months of December and March. In the Northeast and Southwest where there are
mountainous areas and Makonde Plateau, the temperature occasionally drops below 15 °C at night
during the months of June and July. In some parts (Southern Highlands) temperature can reach as low
as 0 °C - 6 °C. This temperature variation has significant impact on the agro-ecological zones and the
adaptation strategies in the agriculture sector.

Rainfall

34. The mean annual rainfall varies from 500 millimeters to 2,500 millimeters and above. The
average duration of the dry season is 5 to 6 months. Tanzania’s rainfall follows two regimes namely
unimodal and bimodal patterns, i.e. Northern coast and Zanzibar, North Eastern highlands and Lake
Victoria basin have two rainy seasons with long rains between March and May (MAM) and short
rains between October and December (OND). Also, the southern, central and western parts of the

1
Sources: URT, NBS, Household Budget Survey 2001/01, 2007

2
country have a single rainfall season between November and April. However, recently, rainfall
pattern has become much unpredictable with some areas/zones receiving extremely minimum and
maximum rainfall per year. Figures 1.a and 1. b show the map of Tanzania indicating average
maximum and minimum rainfall from 1921 to 2005.

1.a. Extreme Maximum Rainfall 1.b. Extreme Minimum Rainfall

2
2

4
4

Latitude
6
Latitude

10

10

12
28 30 32 34 36 38 40

12 Longitude
28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Longitude

Figures 1.a and 1.b Map of Tanzania showing areas of Maximum and Minimum Rainfall
(Source: Tanzania Meteorological Agency, 2005)

1.2.5 Population
35. Tanzania at present is estimated to have about 55 million people. According to census Report,
2012, at the current growth rate of 2.7 per cent, the population of Tanzania will double in next 26
years. This growth is not only making it as among the most populated in sub Saharan Africa but also
the momentum presents the opportunity for accelerating National development towards Development
vision 2025

1.3 Description of the Project

36. The implementation of PSSN I is coming to an end and the Government of Tanzania is
preparing the second phase (PSSN II) in order to advance the social protection agenda and consolidate
the effectiveness of Social safety nets in order to build human capital and help extreme poor household
move into sustainable livelihoods. The Project aims at protecting the poor from immediate effects of
poverty, helping them to meet consumption needs and prevent further irreversible losses in assets, and
enable poverty-stricken households to invest in their future and improve their livelihood.

37. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve access to income-earning

opportunities and social economic services for targeted households below the poverty line while
enhancing and protecting the human capital of their children.

38. The Program is expected to achieve this objective by implementing the following principles:
a) An increased focus on productive impacts

3
 b) Continuing to strengthen community empowerment through participatory project
management and direct financing
c) Promoting transparency and accountability among stakeholders at all levels
d) Enhancing the capacities of implementers at all levels to provide effective implementation
management and to integrate sub projects within the context of decentralization
e) Aligning the center with peripheries so as to leverage the use of public resources in favor of
poor communities and disadvantages groups and;
f) The use of technology for effective delivery

39. Activities under the Project will be implemented through, two main components (i) Productive
Household Support; (ii) Institutional Capacity Strengthening and Integrated Delivery Systems. The
detailed description of each component is as follows:

1.3.1 Component 1: Productive Household Support:

40. This component will be delivered through integrated package of three sub-components namely,
Productive Inclusion (PI), Public Works and Cash Transfer (CT). The package will provide transfers
through conditional and unconditional transfers and public works. The impact of these transfers will
be enhanced through productive inclusion in the form of awareness-raising, coaching and training.

Productive Inclusion:

41. Productive inclusion wills support savings promotion; linkages to productive services, training,
mentoring and coaching will enhance the productive impacts of transfers. This support will consist of
behavioral change sessions and linking of program participants to existing savings groups, asset
transfer and productive services. It will further strengthen participant’s effort to use their transfers for
productive investments (evidenced in PSSN I). Basic livelihoods support to all PSSN participating
households with labor capacity will enhance the impacts of productive transfers. The enhanced
livelihoods package will be implemented on a pilot basis, starting with participating households in the
poorest PAAs. This will entail more intensive training and coaching, as well as a productive grant,
with a view to enabling most of them to sustain themselves out of poverty in the medium to longer
term without an ongoing need for social transfers. To underpin productive impacts of the program, a
household livelihoods support will be provided conditional on participation in savings groups. Only
in the case of households without labor capacity will condition be waived. Additional Productive
Transfer will be provided to households with labor capacity during transition to public works
conditional on participation in saving groups.

Public Works

42. Public works will provide participants who have labor capacity with temporary employment
through labor-intensive sub-projects that are identified by, and create assets for, the community and
contributing to household income. Some of the infrastructure created is expected to contribute to
addressing supply side constraints on the provision of key services in health and education.

4
 Cash Transfer

43. Cash transfer will provide benefits to eligible participating households, including: i) Direct
Support to all households with no labor capacity; ii) Child Grant to all household with children 0-18
year; iii) Disability Grant to all households with Person With Disability (PWD); iv) Human
Development transfer to households with children, conditional on health and education behaviors.

44. Cash benefits to households under cash transfer and public works will provide the foundation
for productive impacts. Based on evidence from PSSN I and other similar programs in the region, it is
confidently expected that the combination within PSSN II of the Productive Inclusion, Cash Transfers
and Public Works will have substantial productive impacts by:
• building participating households' assets, incomes and resilience to shocks;
• enabling households to invest in existing productive activities
• stimulating a shift away from precarious casual labor towards more productive types of
economic activity (including, but not limited to, self-employment)
• stimulating the local economy, through local economic multiplier effects resulting from the
injection of cash

Type of anticipated subprojects to be funded

45. PSSN II will support sub-projects related to small scale Public Works Program incorporating
targeted infrastructure and productive inclusion. The types of the subproject to be supported will be
identified by the communities after undergoing a participatory planning process. The possible types
of PWP subprojects include but not limited to:
i. Community Ponds and Water and environmental conservation
Subproject types: Earth ponds, hand-dug wells, pans and ponds.

ii. Hand Dug Well

Subproject types: Hand-dug wells, shallow wells.

iii. Spring Protection, Soil and water conservation

Subproject types: bench terraces, gully reshaping, filling and re-vegetation

iv. Soil Bunds

Subproject types: Level soil bunds, level fanya juu, stone bunds,

v. Woodlots, Agro forestry & Multi-purpose tree nursery

Subprojects types: Seed collection from woodlots, homesteads areas and forests, tree/shrub
seedlings and grass nurseries, Restoration of degraded land/area, Gully reshaping, filling and
revegetation, Eyebrow basins, herring bones, improved pits, micro basins, micro trenches, water
collection trenches

vi. Community Access Roads

Subprojects types: New access (road) construction, foot bridges and culverts, Gravel/Earth road
vii. Small Scale Irrigation
Subprojects type: Catch/cut-off drain, Micro ponds, river bed/permeable rock dams, small scale
drip irrigation, small scale surface irrigation, and hand dug wells

5
46. The brief description on the nature and estimated cost for major types of subprojects to be
implemented under PW is shown as Annex 1

1.3.2 Component 2: Institutional strengthening and integrated delivery systems

47. This component will ensure effective program implementation, and that lessons learned are
used to further strengthen Program impacts over time. This component will reinforce implementation
capacities and program systems at national and decentralized levels.

48. The component will be responsible for: preparation of an exit and graduation strategy;
recertification of participants to ensure that the program continues to reach the poorest households;
moving from the existing participant registry to a social registry serving all sectors to promote a
harmonized approach to service delivery. Further, the component will strengthen grievance redress
and other social accountability mechanisms to ensure the program is accountable to the citizens served
and will continue investment in robust impact evaluation and process reviews for learning and
accountability; and shifting from cash-based to electronic payments.

49. The Program will apply the new Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Although
the existing safeguards instruments, including the Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) for phase I will be relevant for the proposed project, extensive update has been done to address
new requirements of the relevant Environmental and Social standards. Overall, the project is expected
to involve Moderate Risk activities based on type location sensitivity, scale, nature, magnitude of
potential risks and capacity and commitment of the implementing entity. According to the
Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) risk classification assigned to the project will be reviewed
on a regular basis, during implementation and will change where necessary to ensure it continues to
be appropriate.

50. Activities/investments envisaged under PWP are small and labour intensive. The main types
include; soil and water conservation, community access roads, woodlots, rain water harvesting
entailing construction of community ponds, spring protection, hand dug wells; soil and water
conservation that includes construction of soil bunds, sea water control bunds, gullies protection and
flood control structures.

51. These interventions may have environmental implications on the biological and physical
environmental during implementation and operation phases. These activities aim at conserving the
environment, however and they will be screened to identify any potential environmental and social
impacts. Based on the perceived level of impacts as indicated from the environmental and social
screening stage, appropriate safeguards instrument namely Environmental and Social Management
Plans (ESMPs) will be prepared to mitigate potential negative impacts.

6
52. All proposed project activities will be assessed to meet the requirements of relevant
Environmental and Social standards (ESSs). Therefore, issues regarding community workers, health
and safety, application of general Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSG) and labor
management procedures will be addressed accordingly. An Environmental and Social Commitment
Plan (ESCP) has been prepared, which set out measures and actions required to meet ESSs.

Project coverage

53. The project has been rolled out country wide and covered 161 Project Area Authorities (PAAs).
However, 30 % of the villages were not covered in PSSN I. Thus, targeting and enrolment in these
villages will be done prior to PSSN II project implementation. In PSSN II the program will cover 187
PAAs.

7
 CHAPTER 2: ASSESMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS

2.1 Introduction

54. In order to minimize the environmental and social impacts associated with implementation of
the project activities, environmental and social assessment is required. Given that the exact locations
of proposed subprojects are not known at appraisal, an Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to guide the assessment of environmental and social risks and
management of the potential impacts during project implementation. .

55. The Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) encompasses Environmental and Social
Standard (ESSI) which sets out the responsibilities to assess, manage and monitor environmental and
social risks and impact during each stage of the Project.

56. Objectives of Environmental and in Social Standards (ESSI).

I. To identify, evaluate and manage the environmental and social risks and impact of the
program in a manner consistent with the ESSs;
• To adopt the mitigation hierarchy approach
• Anticipate and avoid risks and impacts
• where avoidance is not feasible minimize or reduce risk and impact to
acceptable levels
• once risk and impact has been minimized or reduced, mitigate and
• where significant residual impact remains compensate for or offset them where
technically and financially feasible

(i) To adopt differentiated measures so that adverse impacts do not fall

disproportionately on disadvantage of vulnerable, and they are not disadvantaged
in sharing development benefits and opportunities resulting from the Project.
(ii) To utilize national environmental and social institutions, systems, law, regulations
and procedures in the assessment, development and implementation of projects,
whenever appropriate.
(iii) To promote improved environmental and social performance, in ways which
recognize and enhance GoT capacity.

57. ESMF will be disclosed in country and at the website of the World Bank so that the document
is accessible to the general public, local communities, potential project-affected groups, local NGO’s
and all other stakeholders. It is also required to undertake consultation of those groups to get their
views on the adequacy of the ESMF.

Stakeholders Consultation during the preparation of PSSN II

58. Stakeholders Consultation has been a key element during the preparation of Safeguards
instruments for PSSN II. Consultation was done to ensure effective participation of all stakeholders
throughout the Program implementation period. It also enhances the dynamic process that involve
different stakeholders across all levels from the national down to the community levels, to have their
view contribute to, hence influence the meaningful decisions making process on the Program

8
implementation for best outcome. During the PSSN II preparation the following stakeholders were
consulted as follows;

59. The communities: Consultation was done at community level to beneficiaries and general
public, which mainly aimed at; 1) to collect information on the Program that would be taken as key
lesson learnt through the implementation of PSSN I, and with those 2) inform the design of PSSN II.
The PSSN II Project Preparation Team (PPT) made a site visits to selected PAAs to collect stakeholder
views on proposed design elements for the new Program phase. Among the components discussed
during the consultation meetings, environmental and social safeguards were one of area identified for
feedback as well as input into PSSN design. During consultation meetings it was reiterated that
safeguards tools should be simplified for ease of documentation procedures, the option which has been
observed through the application of ESF and its standards.

60. At the community level consultation were held through public meetings which was organized
by Village Councils and attended by all stakeholders in the areas. Annex 16 provides the details of
Stakeholder consultation.

61. Ministries and Government Institutions: Consultation was done to Ministries under the
Government of the United Republic of Tanzania, Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar and various
institutions. The ministries consulted include the Ministry of Land, Housing and Human Settlement
Development, Presidents’ Office Regional Administration and Local Government, while institutions
consulted include the National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Zanzibar Environment
Management Authority (ZEMA) and Division of Environment Vice Presidents’ Office. The
consultation with Ministries and governmental institutions was done in a specific consultative meeting
convened to collect inputs on environmental and social safeguard for PSSN II design.

62. Vulnerable Groups: On consultation to vulnerable groups (previously known as

Disadvantaged Communities) specific site visits was done to four of seven PAAs with such
communities, namely Kiteto, Hanang, Mbulu and Karatu. The consultation on VG communities was
conducted in a special method whereby beneficiaries, general community and NGOs/CBOs operating
in those areas were consulted in village meetings, focus group discussions and individual interviews.
The objective was to gather opinion on PSSN I implementation and recommendations for
environmental and social safeguards to serve as inputs to ensure adequate inclusion of vulnerable
groups into PSSN II activities. During the consultation process, it was found that ESF through ESS 7
is adequately address issues of their interest, including among other being included into the decision-
making organs of the communities they live in or have a collective benefit thereof.

63. During implementation of PSSN I, a number of environmental and social safeguards tools were
developed to enable adequate implementation of the project and assist manage adverse environmental
and social impacts emanated from Program activities. Screening of subprojects was conducted during
micro planning to identify possible adverse impacts and to propose ways to mitigate them. An
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) was prepared to mitigate potential impacts
indicating distribution of responsibilities, timeframe and resources required. An Environmental and
Social Monitoring Plan was prepared to guide monitoring effectiveness of mitigation measures.

9
Additionally, PWP Handbook provided guidance on adherence to Safeguards requirements during
subproject implementation.

64. As stated above, the purpose of ESMF is to provide guiding principles for assessment and
management of environmental and social aspects of all physical works targeted under PSSN II. It will
help to systematically identify, predict and evaluate beneficial and adverse environmental and social
impacts of subprojects to be financed under the project.

2.1 Objectives of the ESMF

65. The main objective of ESMF is to provide guidelines and procedure to deal with environmental
and social risks and impacts associated with the implementation of this Program to meet the
requirements of the relevant E & S standards. It is also intended to serve as a mechanism to determine
and assess potential environmental and social risks and impacts of all activities financed under the
Program and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during
implementation and operation of the program activities to eliminate adverse environmental and social
impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels.

66. The specific objectives are as follows:

• Review the institutional, policy, legal and political framework for environmental and
social management of the Program.
• Outline the process for environmental and social management procedures in: 1) ensuring
environmental and social sustainability of Program interventions; and 2) meeting World
Bank and Tanzanian requirements for environmental and social management;
• Based on the experiences gained in PSSN I, assess the potential environmental and social
impacts of the Program, whether positive or negative, and ensure mitigation measures are
incorporated into subprojects to avoid, minimize or mitigate these potential impacts;
• Establish mechanism for handling grievances related to environmental and social issues
during program implementation. Provide guideline on consultation of stakeholders for a
meaningful result of project objective.
• Serve as a tool for project implementers at the National, PAAs, Ward,
/Village/Mtaa/Shehia level to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social
impacts during sub-project planning implementation as well as operation maintenance.

2.2 Potential Users of this ESMF

67. This ESMF has been prepared as a reference manual for use by key stakeholders to be involved
in the implementation of the Program activities. As a reference material, the ESMF will be useful to
the following Program key stakeholders: The Second Vice President’s Office, Zanzibar, TASAF
Management Unit (TMU), Development Partners (DPs), line Ministries, Non-Governmental
Organizations, PAAs, Community Based Organizations and Communities in general.

10
 2.3 Institutional Arrangements

68. The Program will continue to be implemented through government structures and will promote
inter-ministerial co-ordination at national and PAA levels, thereby contributing to the building of a
sustainable social protection system.

National Level

69. At the National level, TASAF is under President Office, with the overall oversight vested with
the National Steering Committee (NSC). Moreover, a Sector Expert Team (SET) for Mainland and
Zanzibar ensures that designs conform to different technical sector norms and standards. Subprojects
applications will be reviewed by SET on sample basis to identify challenges in design process and
provide the technical support required to improve designs. In Zanzibar, the PSSN is coordinated by
the Office of the Second Vice President (2nd VPO). There is a Focal Person in this office to oversee
all PSSN activities, as well as Coordinators and Steering and Management Committees for Pemba and
Unguja.

Regional Level

70. At the regional level, Regional Administrative Secretary (RAS) will appoint a focal person to
provide technical backstopping on implementation of the program activities, review and compile
quarterly implementation reports from PAAs.

PAA level

71. The program will be managed by the PAA Director, who signs a Memorandum of
Understanding with TASAF, articulating roles and responsibilities. The PAA Director appoints a
PSSN Coordinators to oversee Program activities and an Accountant to handle financial matters,
including the consolidation of public works payrolls. TMU will allocate a Monitoring Officer to
provide technical support to one or two PAAs.

Ward Level.

72. At Ward level, extension staff will lead the sensitization process, training and participatory
planning with oversight support from PAAs. Specialized sensitization and training will cover area like
subproject identification, micro-planning safeguard issues and management of subprojects at
community level. With this institutional framework it is imperative that capacity building and training
is required especially at the ward and PAA/Zanzibar level to ensure sufficient implementation of this
ESMF in line with existing country legislation and procedures and in compliance with the World Bank
ESF.

Village/Mtaa/ Shehia

73. The Village Council/Mtaa Committee/Shehia Advisory Council will continue to be the overseer
of PSSN II at the village/Shehia level. They will mobilize resources and ensure effective delivery of

11
the project, and security and sustainability of the assets and facilities created. In addition, the Village
Council/Shehia Advisory Council will facilitate and monitor the performance of CMCs. The CMCs
are democratically elected from community members and beneficiaries and will be responsible for
facilitating effective delivery of the project interventions. Given their important roles, capacity of
Community Management Committee will be enhanced.

12
 CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW OF POLICIES, LEGISLATION AND
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
3.1 Introduction

74. Tanzanian basic environmental law is the Environmental Management Act of 2004 and
Zanzibar Environmental Management Act, 2015. They are both supported by the Constitution of the
United Republic of Tanzania and other sectoral and cross-sectoral laws and common law.

75. In some incidences Tanzanian environmental laws have been categorized into first, land use
laws; second, natural resources and conservation areas laws; third, pollution-related laws; and, fourth,
overall environmental management law. With this categorization, sometimes it may not be easy to
differentiate one category from the other due to their inter-linkage. For this convolution, it is felt that
presentation of laws will be relative to the wide cross-sectoral and sectoral approach as represented by
the National Environmental Policy, 1997. The policy covers sectors that include land and human
settlements; forestry; water and sanitation; health; transport; energy; industry; wetlands; agriculture;
livestock; fisheries; wildlife; tourism; and mining. The National Environmental Policy, 1997 has
relative policy statements to other sectoral and cross-sectoral policies upon which the Tanzanian
environmental laws are premised. The following policies and laws are applied.

3.2 Environmental Policies

76. The National Environment Policy for mainland (NEP 1997) and Environmental Policy for
Zanzibar (2013) are the main policy documents addressing environmental management issues in
Tanzania. They identify sustainable development as a key issue in the National Environment
Management Policy in the country. The policies state government’s commitment to sustainable
development on the short, medium and long-term development basis. It requires the Tanzanian people
to manage their environment and natural resources in a sustainable manner to enhance the potential
for growth and opportunity for sustainable development of present and future generation.

3.3 Other sectoral policies

Other sectoral policies applicable in mainland and Zanzibar include;

(a) Sectoral policies Tanzania mainland:

3.3.1 National Land Policy (1995)

77. The Policy advocates equitable distribution and access to land by all citizens. It aims at ensuring
that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders (i.e. peasants and herdsmen
who form the majority of the country’s population) are recognized, clarified, and secured by law.
Under the policy framework, land is to be put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and
economic development of the country among other objectives. This implies that land that provides
livelihood to Disadvantaged Communities is to be protected and made available for their use.

13
 3.3.2 Agriculture and Livestock Policy (1997)

78. The overall aim of the Policy is to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system to encourage
optimal use of land resources and facilitate broad-based social and economic development without
upsetting or endangering the ecological balance of the environment. The land use plan in the Program
will be observed to protect the rights of hunters-gatherers, livestock keepers, and specific uses on
Disadvantaged Communities.

3.3.3 National Forestry Policy, 1998

79. This policy reiterates the sustainable use of natural resources from forests and ensuring
equitable use. The policy requires protection and prevention of anthropogenic activities that may result
into depletion of resource.

3.3.4 National Human Settlement Policy (2000)

80. There are fourteen (14) main objectives but for the purpose of this Program the following five
(5) shall be emphasized because they have direct or indirect impacts to the Program.
• To make serviced land available for shelter and human settlement development in
general to all sections of the community including women, youth, the elderly, disabled
and vulnerable communities
• To improve the level of provision of infrastructure and social services for sustainable
human settlement development;
• To facilitate creation of employment opportunities and eradication of poverty;
• To protect the environment of human settlements and of ecosystems from pollution,
degradation and destruction in order to attain sustainable development; and
• To encourage development of housing areas that is functional, healthy, aesthetically
pleasant and environmentally friendly.

(b) Sectoral policies –Zanzibar

i. Zanzibar Environmental Policy (2013)
ii. Zanzibar Land Policy (2017)
iii. Community Development Policy (1996)
iv. Water policy (2004)
v. Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy (2014)
vi. Agricultural, livestock and Irrigation Policy (1983)
vii. National Forest Policy for Zanzibar (1999)

(c) Strategies/programmes related to Environment and Social Management Tanzania

Mainland:
i. National Environment Action Plan (NEAP, 2004)
ii. Tanzania Development Vision (Vision 2025)
iii. Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS 2001)
iv. Road Sector Development Programme (1999)
v. Local Government Reform Programme.
vi. National Climate Change Strategy, 2012

14
 3.3.5 Environmental Legislation:

81. Two environmental legislations are in place namely Environmental Management Act (EMA)
2004 for mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar Environmental Management Act No 3 of 2015.

82. Both Acts provide practical guidelines useful to decision makers and authorities involved in any
field of activity or projects with a link to environmental issues. The laws call for an integration of
environmental concerns into the socio- economic development plans and require that EIA be carried
out prior to project implementation. Both Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar has comprehensive set of
regulations governing EIA process.

83. Other Legislations for Tanzania Mainland and for Zanzibar are as follows:

a. Legislations (Mainland)
Land Act, Cap 113 R.E. 2002; Land (Conditions of Rights of Occupancy) Regulations,
2001
Village Land Act, Cap 114 R.E. 2002; Village Land Regulations, 2001
Forests Act, 2002 Cap 323 R.E. 2002;
Land Use Planning Act, 2007;
Urban Planning Act, 2007;
Local Government (District Authorities) Act, No. 7, 1982;
Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, No. 8, 1982;

b. Legislations (Zanzibar):
(i) Land Adjudication Act No. 8 of 1990
(ii) Registered Land Act No. 10 of 1990
(iii) Land Tenure (Revised) Act No. 12 of 1992
(iv) Land Transfer Act No. 8 of 1994
(v) Land Tribunal Act No.7 of 1994
(vi) Forest Act No. 10 of 1996
(vii) Agricultural Research Institute Act No 8 of 2012
(viii) Fisheries Act No. 10 of 2010
(ix) Local Government Act No 7 of 2014
(x) Water Act No. 4 of 2006

3.4 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework

84. On environmental and social safeguards, the PSSN II implementation will be guided by WB
Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Under the ESF, the Program will adhere to requirements
of Environmental and Social Standards (ESS), with emphasis to the following ESS that have been
identified to be relevant to the Program activities: ESS1 on Assessment and Management of
Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; (ii) ESS2 on Labor and Working Conditions; (iii) ESS3
on Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management; (iv) ESS4 on Community Health
and Safety; (v) ESS5 on Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land use and Involuntary Resettlement;

15
(vi) ESS6 on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Resources; (vii) ESS7
on Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Underserved Traditional Local Communities; (viii) ESS8
on Cultural Heritage; and (ix) ESS10 on Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.

85. The main objectives of Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) are:
i. To inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risk
ii. to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and
that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their
likely environmental impacts.
iii. To increase transparency and provide mechanism for participation of stakeholders in
decision making process for the project.

86. The application of ESS5 on Land Acquisition, Restriction on Land Use and Involuntary
Resettlement and ESS 7 ion Sub-Saharan Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities
have been elaborated in separate instruments.

87. The implementation of ESSs will be enabled through number of tools which have been
developed along with respective ESS. Environmental and Social Screening and Monitoring form;
Stakeholders Engagement forms; Land Ownership and Acquisition forms; Disadvantaged
communities Screening and Monitoring forms; Environmental and Social Management Plans and PW
Handbook are among tools which have been already developed to enable implement ESSs. The
developed tools and those to be developed in the course of Project implementation are clearly indicated
on Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP).

88. The matrix below summarizes Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) that will be
emphasized during PSSN II implementation.

Table 1 Summary of Environmental and Social Standards

S/N Safeguard The Environmental and Social Purpose

Guideline Standards
Instrument
1 Environmenta ESS1 on Assessment and Identification of adverse impacts and
l and social Management of Environmental and respective mitigation measures
management Social Risks and Impacts Enable follow up of remedies
framework achieved through application of
(ESMF) mitigation measures
Enable allocation of responsibilities
and resources to implement required
mitigation measures
ESS2 on Labor and Working Ensure a healthy and safe working
Conditions; environment during subprojects
implementation
ESS3 Resource Efficiency and To provide guidance on vegetation
Pollution Prevention and types to be planted in woodlots and
Management manage promote safe use of
agrochemical and IPM practices
To manage potential risks from
community workers during

16
 S/N Safeguard The Environmental and Social Purpose
Guideline Standards
Instrument
ESS4 on Community Health and construction of the small-scale
Safety infrastructures.
ESS6 on Biodiversity Conservation To provide guidance on designing
and Sustainable Management of ang implementation of conservation
Living Resources or sustainable management of natural
resources.
ESS 8 on Cultural Heritage; To enhance conservation of cultural
heritage in both forms; tangible and
intangible cultural heritage
To conserve ecological and socially
sensitive places from possible
impacts of program implementation
ESS 10 on Stakeholder Engagement To enable ascertaining of adequate
and Information Disclosure FPIC to community members
To create awareness of targeted
groups at PAA and village levels on
ESF standards
2 Land ESS5 on Land Acquisition, To ascertain availability of land for a
Acquisition Restriction on Land Use and designed subproject
Policy Involuntary Resettlement; To track potential changes in land
Framework acquisition and ownership status and
address grievances emanating thereof
To enhance awareness on land issues
and its usefulness in addressing
conflicts that may raise due to
Program implementation
3 Vulnerable ESS 7 on Sub-Saharan Historically To provide guidance on preparation
Groups Underserved Traditional Local of subprojects-specific
Planning Communities Disadvantaged Communities Plans at
Framework PAAs and village levels
To have consistent steps and format
of subprojects specific
Disadvantaged Communities Plans
To enable Disadvantaged
communities to participate in PWP
and LE activities while taking care of
their socio-cultural interests and
hindrances

89. In accordance with the Tanzania Environment Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation of
2005 on sub-projects to be funded under the Project will fall under category B, Thus, the most
appropriate instruments to be used for environmental assessment is Preliminary Environmental
Assessment (PEA). Under the ESF, impacts from the proposed project activities are rated moderate.
This means that the environmental and social impacts of the sub-projects are expected to be minimal,
site specific and manageable to an accepted level.

17
 3.5 Environmental Institutional Arrangements:
90. The presence of institutional and legal framework is a pre-requisite for effective implementation
of Environment Policy objectives at all levels (National, Sectoral, PAAs, and Village/Shehia/Mtaa
levels) and for effective environmental management in the country.

91. According to EMA, various Environmental Management Committees need to be established at

Kitongoji, Village/Mtaa/Shehia, Ward, LGA and at National level with the responsibility for the
proper management of the environment in respect of the area in which they are established. The
functions and responsibility of these committees are well explained in the Act. Section 36 (1), (2)
stipulates that each City, Municipal, District and Town councils shall designate or appoint an
Environmental Management Officer (EMO) who shall perform among the following functions:
i) Advice the environmental management committee to which he/she belongs on all
matters related to the environment.
ii) Promote environmental awareness in the area he/she belongs on the protection of the
environment and the conservation of natural resources.
iii) Monitor the preparation, review and approval of Environmental Impact Assessment for
local investments.

92. Institutional set up for environmental management in Tanzania Mainland is as presented in

Figure 2 below.

18
 Vice President’s Office
(Minister Responsible for Environment)

Division of Environment (DOE)

(Director of Environment)

NEMC National Environmental

(Director General) Advisory Committee

Regional Secretariat Sector Ministry Environmental

(Regional Environmental Sections
Management Experts) (Sector Environment Coordinators)

City council Municipality Town Council District Council

(City Council Env. (Municipal Env. (Town Council (District Council Env.
Management Officer) Management Officer) Env. Management Management Officer)
City Env. Management Municipal Env. Officer) District Council Env.
Committee Management Town Council Env. Management Committee
Committee Management
Committee

Township/Ward
(Township/ward Env.
Management Officer)
Township/Ward Env.
Ward Management Committee
(Ward Env.
Management Officer)
Ward Env. Management
Committee

Village
(Village Env. Management Officer)
Village Env Management Committee

Mitaa
(Mitaa Env. Management
Officer) Mitaa Env. Management Kitongoji (Kitongoji Env. Management Officer)
Committee Kitongoji Env. Management Committee

Figure 2: Environmental Institutional arrangement for Tanzania mainland

93. The Second Vice President’s Office, Zanzibar is responsible for implementation of Zanzibar
Environmental Management Act, No. 3 of 2015. The following organs are mandated for executions
of environmental management functions;
19
 i) Environmental Advisory Committee
ii) Department of environment in the Ministry responsible for environment
iii) Zanzibar Environmental Management Authority in the Ministry responsible for
environment
iv) Board of the Authority

The Second Vice President’s Office

(Minister Responsible for
Environment)

Department of Environment (DOE)

(Director of Environment)

Zanzibar Environmental Environmental Advisory

Management Authority (ZEMA) Committee
(Director General of ZEMA)

(Director General)

Board of the Authority

Figure 3: Environmental Institutional arrangement for Tanzania Zanzibar

3.6 Linkage of PSSN II on Policies, Legislation and Institutional Arrangement

94. Institutional mandate and responsibilities of environmental management is well elaborated from
central level down to local government and local community level.

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95. During implementation of Program, capacity building and training in environmental and social
management are the key elements in program implementation since, it has been observed that capacity
in this field is still limited at PAA level. Most of the officials designated or appointed as Environmental
Management Officers are basically not well trained to handle environmental issues comprehensively.

3.7 Environmental Assessment Process and Procedures

96. This section discusses the steps involved in the environmental assessment process and
procedure leading towards the review and approval of subprojects under the Program. The section
gives an explicit description of roles, reporting and advice mechanisms during implementation of the
project.

3.7.1 EIA Procedure in the Program

97. The EMA, 2004 and its EIA and Audit Regulation of 2005, requires that, EIA be mandatory for
projects which cause adverse environmental and social impacts. Projects listed in the first schedule of
the EIA and Audit Regulations may or may not require EIA as shown in Annex 2.

98. For small scale projects and enterprises listed in Annex 3, where the Program falls, requires
Preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA). Subprojects requiring PEA are likely to have less
significant adverse environmental and social impacts but that the magnitude of the impacts are not
well-known, a preliminary environmental assessment is required to decide whether the project can
proceed without a full environmental impact assessment.

99. For sub projects that require PEA the procedure will involve the following stages: subproject
identification, screening, preliminary environmental assessment, reviewing, permitting decision,
monitoring and reporting.

3.7.2 Steps toward Environmental and Social Management under ESS1

The following are steps for sub projects screening for environmental and social impacts;

Step 1: Sub Project Screening for potential impacts.

100. Mobilize communities and sensitize them on the importance of screening. Failure for
communities, LSP, CMC and VC leaders to understand the importance of screening may lead to
continued environmental problems. Therefore, participatory tools such as Mapping, Ranking, Focus
Group Discussion (FGD) and others will be used. The following points will be considered:
a) PAAs technical team should undertake the exercise at the community during micro
planning.
b) Assign responsibilities to each of the team member and ensure that each member
thoroughly prepares prior to screening.
c) Take all the relevant materials needed including the screening forms;
d) Screening will be done during micro planning (see screening form in Annex 4 and 5),
and the process will be participatory. Other influential leaders can also be invited.
e) Explain the purpose for your visit and the significance of the exercise to the community.
Let them participate throughout in the processes. Facilitators will only guide them.

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 f) Discuss with the group members on the types of subproject they would undertake;
g) Discuss with members the main activities involved in each type of the subproject
throughout the project cycle.
h) Discuss with members the main potential environmental and social problems the project
would cause. This step will indicate whether or not a subproject has significant adverse
environmental/social impacts and risks, whether the relevant standards would be
applicable to the subproject and what specific instrument/s will be prepared and
measures to implement to meet the requirements of the relevant standards.
i) List the main potential impacts on a board or flip chart and member’s record in their
notebooks:

Step 2: Development of an Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs)

101. At this stage, CMC with guidance from PAAs sector experts will use information from the
screening form to develop respective ESMPs containing the following:
a) The relevant project activities;
b) The potential negative environmental and Social Impacts;
c) The proposed mitigation measures;
d) The persons responsible for implementation of the mitigation measures;
e) The persons responsible for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measures;
f) The frequency of the afore-mentioned measures;
g) The capacity building needs and
h) The cost estimates- The total cost of the mitigation is inbuilt into the project cost. The
ESMP guides the supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of
mitigation measures. The ESMP form will be completed for each subproject
implemented. Format of ESMP form is attached on Annex 6.

The ESMP will be prepared for each subproject implemented under the Program. A Handbook
on PW will be used to guide ESMP preparation especially in terms of site specific issues such
as selection of site for a defined sub-activity, location of solid waste disposal area and sanitation
arrangements at the site.

Step 3: Review and Approval

102. The PAAs Management Team will review the results and recommendations presented in the
environmental and social screening forms and the proposed mitigation measures presented in the
environmental and social checklists (Annex 7) as a basis for making recommendations for subproject
approval.

Step 4: Monitoring of ESMP

103. The purpose of Monitoring the ESMP is to:

i. Ensure that proper appraisals on the effects of sub-projects takes place and that proper
measures are put in place to mitigate the effects;
ii. Set out the basis for compliance and enforcement of terms and conditions for approval;
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 iii. Design compliance strategies;
iv. Assess compliance with and management of the environment and social safeguards.
v. Ensure that all stakeholders participate in the sub-project processes.

104. Safeguards monitoring system with clear monitoring indicators and tools will be developed
prior to the start of implementation of PW sub projects. This will be used by respective PAAs
Environment Officers and extension officers to carry out the monitoring of sub projects during
implementation, as well as during subproject operation and maintenance.

105. Since monitoring, evaluation and reporting on safeguards issues will form part of the overall
sub-project implementation processes, the CMC will submit reports through extension officers at
Ward level on bi-monthly basis to the PAA. The PAA will then consolidate in their quarterly reports
submitted to TMU.

106. On satisfactory implementation of mitigations measures and adequate reporting, the PAAs
Environment Officer shall then certify that a subproject has met the requirements of mitigation and
will be included in the completion certificate.

107. Information on compliance to environmental and social safeguards will also be generated from
quarterly reports, annual reports and field assessment reports by safeguards unit, evaluation reports,
and feedback meetings and during Joint Review and Implementation Support Missions (JRISM).

End of the subproject implementation

108. The Implementation of ESMF will rely on the existing PAAs structures, TASAF/TMU
personnel and the Safeguards (Environmental and Social Management) Specialist. At the PAA level
the ESMF implementation will be supervised by the respective Environment Officers and ward
Extension Officers who will also be supported by sector-specific experts.

3.8 Potential Environmental and Social Risk and Impact

109. The implementation of the Program is designed to be environmentally and socially sensitive so
as to avoid any undesirable adverse consequences of the specified interventions and hence ensure the
achievement of improved standards of living of the poor. Most of the project impacts would be
localized due to being relatively of small scale. Nevertheless, there are some issues of concern that cut
across the range of proposed interventions. Field studies and lessons from similar programs show that
issues such as community participation, community ownership and selection of appropriate sites are
some of the key concerns that influence project success, sustainability and impact to the environment.

110. Impact assessment refers to the identification and evaluation of environmental and social
changes occurring as a result of implementing a project. It is a systematic and integrative process of
drawing together an analysis of the likely environmental and social effects of a particular project. It is
a critical process that makes use of baseline information that describes biophysical and social aspects
of the project area and determines the most significant adverse impacts.

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 Objectives of impact assessment

111. Impact assessment involves the actual investigation and reporting of the results of the
assessment. The objectives of the impact assessment include;
(i) Identification of both positive and negative impacts of the project
(ii) Identification of tools and techniques for impact analysis
(iii) Proposing measures to mitigate adverse impacts
(iv) Development of plans for management and monitoring of the impacts

112. Impact Assessment ensures that environmental and social criteria are considered in the early
stages of project planning alongside economic viability. To this end the impact assessment will:
i. Provides alternative options (location, technology, processes etc.) to the sub project
ii. Safeguards the subproject against mitigation measures through retrofitting

113. For effective impacts identification, various stakeholders will be consulted for potential
environmental and social impacts likely to arise during the Program implementation: This in general
will include environmental protection agencies, affected district and municipal assemblies, inline
ministries, NGOs, CBOs and communities that implement the project.

114. The likely potential positive and negative impacts of the Program are detailed in the following
section.

3.8.1 Overall Environmental and Social impacts

115. Environmental and social sustainability are fundamental to overall sustainable development
strategies, natural resource conservation, and poverty alleviation. Lessons learned from TASAF II and
elsewhere demonstrate that community involvement in the decision-making and management process
may bring effective and lasting improvement in the livelihoods of people and can lead to better use
and protection of the natural resource base. Therefore, environmental and social sustainability are
fundamental to the success of Program.

3.8.2 Potential Positive Impacts

116. Subprojects to be implemented under the Program will be mainly PWP and PI aiming at creating
employment and increase consumption and income of poor households. Sub projects will strengthen
traditional systems of environmental and social governance and embrace the notion of community
dialogue through effective functioning of Village/Shehia/Mtaa or inter-Village/Shehia committees for
community land, environmental and social management. Some of the potential impacts resulting from
the project implementation are as follows:

• The project will help promote the decentralization process through support to capacity building
interventions. The Tanzania local government system is based on political devolution and
decentralization of functions and finances within the framework of a unitary state. Local
governments will be holistic, i.e. multi-sectoral, government units with a legal status (body
corporate) operating on the basis of discretionary, but general powers under the legal framework
constituted by the national legislation. Local governments have the responsibility for social

24
 development and public provision within their jurisdiction, facilitation of maintenance of law
and order and issues of national importance such as education, health, water, roads and
agriculture. Local governments have constituted unitary governance systems all over the
country based on elected councils and committees and a professional administration.

• The project will support activities to increase literacy and reduce poverty, and will help
communities to become better informed on impacts of degradation of natural resources and
encourage conservation.

• Strategically placed infrastructure development and associated services may enable more
sustainable production systems (e.g. forestry, agriculture etc.); as well stimulating private
investment in the forests and agricultural sector but also in other sectors, such as tourism,
particularly in and around conservation areas.

• Maintenance and rehabilitation of rural roads will increase access to markets and social services,
such as health care and education.

• The project will result in better management of natural resources surrounding planned
interventions and above all it has the potential of improving land administration including land
tenure systems.

• An increased number of strategically located small-scale water points will help meet the need
for potable water and lead to a more diffused distribution of human and livestock pressures on
existing limited resources.

• Effective management and reversal of degradation of natural habitants through a variety of

known soil and water conservation techniques (rock bunds, composting, windbreaks,
reforestation, water catchments etc.) will lead to a positive impact on conservation of natural
habitats and biodiversity.

• Local institutional strengthening and empowerment is achieved through improved

understanding and use of the tools and mechanisms for environmental and social impact
assessment and participatory approaches to community development (e.g. development of a
community development plan); and investment in social and economic infrastructure, such as
construction or rehabilitation of health facilities, school classrooms, markets, etc. will result in
improvement in people’s well-being and livelihoods, and promote equitable development and
hence improve livelihood security of an individual within a rural/ urban community.

• Consequently, the Program project activities have the potential to make a significance
contribution to Tanzania’s policies to protect and preserve the environment while reducing
poverty to the population.

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 3.8.3 Potential Adverse Impacts

117. It is expected that the implementation of the Program activities might have environmental
impacts. The environmental and social impact predicted included but not limited to:
• Erosion of lands downhill from roadbed or in borrow areas
• Landslides, slips and slumps
• Creation of stagnant pools of water in left borrow pits
• Create dust to nearby house during
• Increased sediments into streams, ponds and rivers due to erosion from road sides.
• Decline in water quality due to high silt load
• Increased run-off and flooding conditions
• Disruption or destruction of wildlife
• Threats to rare and endangered species
• Increased access to forests, protected areas and increased risks of logging and
Poaching

118. These impacts vary in intensity based on the following reasoning:

119. Livelihoods and environment, particularly in the rural setting are sometimes varied and
unpredictable (e.g. stratified and achieving effective participation by marginalized groups, including
women, youth and migrants, may require good facilitation). For details on potential adverse impact
refer to Annex 5.
▪ Lack of adequate capacity for environmental and social screening of small scale activities
in some local government authorities may exacerbate existing environmental and social
issues affecting communities within the target areas. This may affect the quality of
implementation of ESMP if not addressed adequately.
▪ Alternative livelihoods and intensification of agricultural production, which may result in
improved well-being, may also lead to an increase in area of cultivation, may increase
demand on natural resources or degrade the surrounding environment. Adequate
facilitation is required to mitigate this potential adverse effect.

▪ Rising population pressures, a deteriorating resources base, desertification and drought

due to climate change and intensification of the agricultural production systems often lead
to an increase in land-related conflicts. The introduction of investments in these areas may
attract outside immigrants that will further increase pressure on existing resources and
possibly increase land-related conflicts.

▪ Some sub projects supported by the Program may not bring the intended benefits to certain
vulnerable groups and to the poor and may further contribute to inequitable distribution of
resources and marginalizing of these groups. The development of a District/Village
Development yearly planning seeks to avoid this, however the consistency of active
participation by vulnerable groups may vary and cannot be ensured. Further, the ability of
vulnerable groups and the poorer segments of the population to express their views and
needs cannot be stated at this time.

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120. Therefore, it is crucial for communities to receive support from skilled and experienced
facilitators in methods of community participation, project planning and management when planning
activities and sub- projects. It is equally important that follow up be made in order ensure that the
concerns of the poor and vulnerable groups have been taken into consideration over time.

3.8.4 Localized Negative Impacts

121. Sub-projects to be implemented under the Program are expected be small in size and scale.
Consequently, the significance of the direct negative environmental and social impacts is likely to be
small and localized except where the activities are poorly designed. A number of the proposed
activities in the subprojects such as small-scale irrigation using surface and ground water,
construction/rehabilitation of health facilities, rehabilitation of community roads can lead to impacts
on biodiversity, soils and water quality. The environmental screening tools are critical in identifying
and mitigating the potential impacts as they relate to different subprojects.

122. Gender Based Violence: Further, in some cases, cash transfers and or cash for work may lead
to conflicts within the household that may potentially result in instances of gender-based
violence(GBV). Site specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) will specify
ways to address potential GBV in subprojects through identification of mitigation measures. At this
stage some general approaches and principles are summarized:

• Risk Assessment: GBV risks are considered High, Substantial, Moderate or Low and will
feed into the overall E&S risk rating of the project. Determining the rating is done jointly
by the borrower (through stakeholder consultations) and the Bank by applying the GBV
Risk Assessment Tool which considers both project-specific and contextual risks – such as
capacity to address GBV, presence of relevant service providers etc.

• GBV Action Plan: The action plan should a) Establish mechanisms to address GBV and b)
address potential GBV incidents that may arise. Specific plans will be elaborated in
ESMPs.

• The role of the GRM is limited in GBV-related complaints with focus on three aspects:
Document a) the nature of the complaint – without asking further questions, b) Was the
perpetrator associated with the project, and c) If possible, obtain age and sex of
survivor. All information must be treated as confidential and the GRM operator should be
trained on how to approach survivors that must be referred to a safe and ethical GBV
service provider. The Implementing Agency and the World Bank should be notified
immediately.

• Survivor-centered approach: Aims to create a supportive environment in which the

survivor’s rights are respected and prioritized and in which the survivor is treated with
dignity and respect.

123. Since GBV cases are qualitatively different from other complaints that are typically handled
through the grievance redress mechanisms, for example, those related to compensation, etc., the GBV
cases need a specific channel for their management and since PSSN is a nation-wide program
conditions may vary depending on local circumstances. The above will be more elaborated during

27
project implementation in the event such situations arise. More guidance will also be obtained from
the GBV Practice note that has more detailed information.

3.8.5 Cumulative Impacts

124. Some sub-projects may in some areas result in cumulative impacts on the environment.
Cumulative impacts are impacts, which may result from individually, small-scale subprojects with
minimal impacts but which over time can combine to have a significant impact. Cumulative impacts
can also be defined as impacts, which potentially develop from the combined impacts of more than
one project or large-scale program occurring within the same area of influence and time span. In such
cases, cumulative impacts will have to be assessed based on the combined effects of potential impacts
from the various program inputs.

125. Considering possible cumulative impacts of the PWP/ LE sub-projects, stakeholders will be
provided with an opportunity to learn how to avoid or mitigate localized impacts from initial
subprojects, so that measures can be integrated into subsequent activities.

126. The Project supports diverse types of subprojects in the same community. Some examples of
activities related to such sub projects are as follows:
a. Potential impacts on surface water, owing to the construction of numerous small-scale
irrigation works and potential cumulative impacts on water users (especially downstream
users of potential river and streams);
b. Potential increase of poaching of wildlife due to expansion of land under cultivation, starting
bush fires or increased proximity and access to protected areas through construction of rural
community access roads.

3.8.6 Strategic Impacts

127. The location of certain small-scale sub projects such as community access roads, water
reservoirs and development of irrigated agricultural activities downstream from small dams might also
have strategic impacts. Thus, they require a more detailed assessment in relation to the types of sector
policies and land management plans that the Government of Tanzania is advocating (e.g. how many
community access roads may fit into the overall transport sector policy in Tanzania). Infrastructure
such as community access roads requires an assessment of the location and design to take into account
the potential impacts that the road may have on the natural resources (soil erosion, encroachment on
protected areas, changes to surface run-off, dust, etc.) and on the social environment (mobility of
communities, migration of people, introduction of diseases, etc.).

128. Vulnerability analysis: PSSN II aims at achieving inclusion and will therefore continue to target
the poorest and most vulnerable households as it scales-up to full national coverage. By the end of
PSSN II, targeted households in all villages in all 187 PAAs across the United Republic of Tanzania
will have had access to CTs and (if they have labor capacity) also to PW and basic livelihoods
support. In addition, the project will target individuals with specific vulnerabilities and such people
include women especially those that head households, the elderly, youth with no jobs or out of school,
disabled, etc. For example, under PSSN I the majority (83 percent) of primary recipients of household
benefits were women and this focus on women as the main recipient will continue under PSSN II.

28
Similarly, supplementary child and disability grants will be offered only to households that include
children or people with disabilities (PWDs). As an incentive, additional variable HCTs will be offered
to families with children complying with health and education co-responsibilities. In addition, the
number of households reached in each village will be guided by geographical targeting based on
poverty maps. Recertification of existing beneficiary households, and efforts to address exclusion
errors in existing villages will ensure that the program continues to reach the poorest households.

There will be a stronger focus on targeting each element of the project to the households to which it is
most suited as well as addressing the vulnerabilities identified: CTs will comprise three types of
benefits, layered as follows:

(i) A fixed transfer offered to all PSSN households. This transfer will be unconditional only for
households with no labor capacity and will be referred to as Direct Support. Households with labor
capacity will instead receive a time-limited Productive Transfer, which will be accompanied by soft-
conditions in the form of community sessions and savings promotion; these households will receive
the productive transfer only until they enroll in public works - once they start receiving PW transfers,
the productive transfer will stop.
(ii) A fixed transfer for vulnerable groups provided to all households that include a child aged 0-18
years old (Child Grant) and to those that include a person with a disability (PWD) (Disability
Grant). Households that include both a child and a PWD will receive both types of grant.

Public Works: Public Works however will be offered only to those households with labor capacity
(including at least one member aged 18-65 years able to work); households with just one worker where
that worker is pregnant or caring for an infant will receive PW wages but be granted a temporary
waiver from the need to work.

Livelihoods support: The basic livelihoods support will be offered to all PSSN II households with
labor capacity, whilst the enhanced livelihoods package will be offered to 200,000 selected households
that have labor capacity and live in the 44 poorest PAAs.

3.8.7 Other Social and Environmental Degradation Issues

129. Other issues, which need to be addressed under the Program are the issues of pollution, land
degradation, and sensitivity to vulnerable groups.

(i) Potential Sources of Pollution

130. With respect to sub-projects to be financed by the Program, there is a possibility that
development of social and economic infrastructure can lead to pollution of watercourses from
increased generation of solid waste and wastewater due to inadequate attention being paid to inclusion
of proper sanitation facilities.

131. Subprojects to be implemented under PW are expected to be of small scale and will encourage
use of organic manure and compost fertilizers, and integrated pest management while discouraging

29
reliance on chemical pesticides. However, in the event of tree planting or horticultural subproject that
may require application of agrochemical for instance, to address a significant pest invasion, the PAA
Sector Expert will advise based on prevailing situation of the incidence, whether being a localized one
or an epidemic situation affecting large area. In a situation and when use of pesticides will be
inevitable, the project will be advised to apply biodegradable pests control materials in accordance
with the requirement of the Pesticide Management Act of 2013, which advocates for safer alternatives
to existing pesticides as per latest global research and development without compromising the
importation of biological control agents. Through the guidance of the Agricultural or Forestry
Extension office at PAA, screening of suitable pesticides will be carried out in compliance with the
Pesticides Control Regulations GN 193 of 1984, which aims to: (i) ensure the effectiveness of
pesticides used in Tanzania for the production of food and fibre and for the protection of public health
and safety: (ii) protect against possible harmful effects of pesticides including: (a) impairment of the
health of persona handling pesticides or using or consuming products or substance treated with
pesticides; (b) impairment of the health of domestic animals including honey bees from direct
application or pesticides or from the consumption of plant or animals treated with pesticides (c)
damage to cultivated plants from direct application or pesticides or from persistent soil residues and
(d) damage to the natural environment including impairment of the health of wildlife and
contamination of waterway lakes and other water bodies.

(ii) Impact on Ecological Resources and Land Degradation

132. Some of the proposed activities and sub-projects can lead to both localized and cumulative
impacts on such areas as bio-diversity, lowlands, forests, soil and water quality, etc. Land degradation
due to sub-projects that involve construction, deforestation, and induced impacts associated with
small-scale community access roads, or any development that induces concentration of people,
agriculture or livestock in particular areas. The environmental and social screening tools presented in
this framework will be used to identify and mitigate the potential impacts discussed as they related to
certain types of community investments.

3.9 Training and Capacity Building

133. Capacity building and training for environmental and social management is required for all
levels of implementation of the Program. A safeguard unit has been established at TMU to coordinate
and oversee the implementation of environmental and social safeguard policies, monitoring, reporting
and capacity building.

134. Safeguard staff at the national level whose role is to oversee overall implementation of
safeguard activities across the program will continue to provide safeguard training to enhance the local
capacity. At LGA the designated local safeguard staff (District Environmental officer, Ward
Environmental officer and Village Environmental officer) will work in collaboration with the national
safeguard team to address capacity gaps on safeguard issues at the local level. The national safeguard
team should further strengthen monitoring of safeguard implementation and compliance to enhance
local capacity. Some of capacity building activities will include safeguard training, application of
health and safety measures to community workers such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
in public works and other manual labor activities.

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135. Specifically, the safeguard unit is responsible for:
i. Ensure compliance of environmental and social issues emanating from Project
intervention. Capacity building for PAAs facilitation team on the requirements of the
ESMF
ii. Provide technical backstopping to PAAs Environmental Management Officer on the
compliance of the safeguard policies
iii. Review monitoring reports submitted by the PAAs for compliance with safeguard policies
Regular Monitoring of potential impacts

3.9.1 Training at PAA level

136. At this level, PAAs facilitators will be trained on environmental and social policies that have
been triggered. PAAs facilitators will be a multi-disciplinary team of experts who will support
communities in subproject planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Objectives
of the training will be:

➢ Support communities to carry out environmental and social assessment for each sub-project
that have been identified.
➢ Ensure that PAAs have the capacity to assist communities in preparing sub-project
proposals, to appraise, approve and supervise the implementation of sub-projects; and
➢ Strengthen the capacity of local NGOs and other services providers to provide technical
support to communities in environmental and social aspects of the sub-projects.

3.9.2 Budget for Mainstreaming, Capacity Building and Training

137. The implementation will be undertaken in a way whereby existing training capacity at all levels
will be used. Since the government, PAAs other projects and programmes also supports other on-
going related interventions, the Program will aim to fill capacity gaps to be identified by the
assessment.

138. Furthermore, in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts, the budget for environmental
and social concerns will mainly be mainstreamed in the relevant activities and sub projects. For
instance, identification of capacity gaps and training needs assessment will be conducted for all other
interventions concurrently, including environmental and social management. Similarly, sensitization
on environmental and social management will be budgeted for under Development Communication,
and as such may not require to be budgeted for separately.

3.10 Monitoring and Evaluation of ESMF

139. Monitoring is an ongoing activity during the life of a project. Through monitoring, it is possible
to determine project progress that has been made in relation to the work plan. Monitoring helps to
determine whether a project is on track and if any of its strategies or activities needs to be changed so
that it can be successful project. On the other hand, evaluation determines how successful a project

31
has been in meeting its objectives. It also helps assess the impact of the project activities on the desired
outcome, like enhancing knowledge.

140. The objective for monitoring and evaluation plan is two-fold.

a. To alert program authorities and to provide timely information about the success or
otherwise of the Environmental and Social Management process outlined in this ESMF in
such a manner that changes can be made as required to ensure continuous improvement to
the process.
b. To evaluate the performance of the ESMF by determining whether the mitigation measures
designed into the sub project activities have been successful in such a way that the pre-
program environmental and social condition has been restored, improved upon or worse
than before and to determine what further mitigation measures may be required.

3.10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators

141. A number of indicators will be used in order to determine the status of environmental and social
safeguards issues emerging from subproject implementation. The implemented subprojects will be
monitored through a subproject implementation completion report which is submitted after PW
season. Annex 8 is indicating the report format for subproject completion report.

142. The following are some parameters and verifiable indicators to be used to measure the ESMP
process, mitigation plans and performance.
▪ Number of CMC, Village Governments/Shehia Advisory Council/ Mtaa Committee trained
in environmental and social safeguards.
▪ Number of PAAs Facilitators trained in environmental and social management procedures.
▪ Number of subprojects implemented on Public owned land
▪ Number of subprojects implemented on Privately owned land
▪ Number and type of subprojects that have been screened for environmental and social
issues, using the screening form and checklist.

3.10.2 Monitoring Roles and Responsibilities

143. The successful implementation and monitoring of the environmental and social management
framework, environmental monitoring would depend on collaboration of different stakeholders at all
levels.
(a) Community level

144. Community Management Committee (CMC) in conjunction with Village/Mtaa Environmental

Committee and with support from Village Council/Mtaa/Shehia Advisory Council Committee will
monitor the environmental and social impacts and ensure mitigation measures are implemented. They
will also maintain suitable records to be made available to their respective PAAs experts.

(b) District council level

145. The PAA Environmental Officers in collaboration with PAAs Management Team have a
supervisory monitoring role to ensure that the mitigation measures indicated in the ESMP are being

32
implemented. The PAAs EMO will prepare monitoring report and submit to RAS/TMU on quarterly
basis.

(c) National level:

146. At National level, the National Steering Committee (NSC) and TMU in collaboration with the
Sector Experts Team (SET) will ensures that sub projects designs conform to different technical sector
norms and standards. TMU will also be responsible for appointing a consultant to review the
environmental and social issues including assessment of cumulative impacts on periodic basis. The
reviewed reports will be shared with World Bank and other stakeholders.

The Program will as well implement other standards on safeguards namely the ESS 3, ESS4 and
ESS6 though not to a high level as compared to ESS 1, ESS 2, ESS 5, ESS 7, ESS 8 and ESS 10.

The ESS 3 on Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management will be focusing
on areas potential for causing pollution and set mitigation actions based on mitigation hierarchy which
include avoiding, minimizing or treating generated waste as a pollution control measure. The Program
will ensure adherence to PW Handbook which provides for the norms and standards for a site setting
procedure. The PW Handbook requires a site be arranged to have waste disposal and management
facility, sanitary facility and avoid any potential site contamination activity during subproject
implementation.

For every PWP subproject implementation site, the following will be observed to prevent and manage
pollution to soil, water and general environment:
• Provision of temporary sanitary facilities for both male and female laborers
• Waste collection pit for bio-decomposable wastes, and collection point for non-biodegradable
waste such as plastic containers, plastic bags and packaging materials
• Agrochemical handling and storage point. This will be selected through the assistance of Sector
Expert to reduce potential contamination to soil and water courses. The agrochemical storage
point will be well secured, place where no water, runoff can be impounded and roofed to
protect direct rainfall to stored agrochemicals.

Other potential pollution sources include the application of excessive agrochemicals to gardening and
horticulture activities. This will be mitigated through training to LSP who will supervise horticulture
and agriculture-related subprojects on how agrochemicals will appropriately be applied. Most of
horticulture and gardening activities will be undertaken in a small scale and for a relative short period,
hence it is anticipated that there will be no or minimal use of agrochemicals in subprojects under the
Program. Since excessive use of fertilizers could load nutrients into water bodies thus resulting into
eutrophication affecting natural ecological systems, avoidance of excessive application of
agrochemical (pesticides, herbicides, synthetic fertilizers) and organic manure will be highly
emphasized.

The PAAs will be urged to avail Sector Experts in advising subprojects implementation whenever and
wherever the need will arise.

The ESS 4 on Community Health and Safety will guide the Program implementation through
mitigating potential health effects associated with subprojects activities. There are possibilities or
instances where subprojects may pose health risks and/or accidents to communities within its vicinity.
measures to execute in ensuring safety of the general community, will be implemented under the

33
guidance of LSP, CMC, and Sector Experts. Such safety measures will be subprojects specific to suit
implemented activities and operations, for instance fencing the subproject premises as appropriate,
provision of caution notices where applicable and set rules on Best Environmental Practices (BEPs)
and Standards Operation Procedures (SOPs) such as provision of safe access to services the created
asset offer, and awareness creation to community on sanitation principles through community
meetings.

On ensuring that assets created through implementation of PWP subproject will be safe to the
community, community health and safety measures will be applied to all subprojects and will be
prioritized according to the nature and type of subproject identified by the community. Sector Experts
of respective PAA will provide guidance to communities on appropriate and more suitable safety
measures for identified subproject using Environmental Checklist which has been prepared based on
Subprojects Sectors on Annex 7.

The ESS 6 on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural

Resources will guide Program operations to subprojects with activities affecting natural biodiversity
and ecological sensitive sites. With reference to nature of subprojects under the Program, it is
anticipated that most of them will be implemented on undisputed land which is not a biodiversity
conservation reserve, ecological sensitive areas or specific environmentally sensitive places such as
wetlands, forest reserves, national parks etc. during the screening on subprojects, the issues on
biodiversity conservation will be considered, and halt all subprojects with potential significant
negative effects to biodiversity conservation. The site selection will be done during the subprojects
microplanning stage, when a PAA Sector Expert is involved to assist the community on selection of
appropriate site based on proposed subproject. The selection of subproject site will ensure
conservation of biodiversity of specific area by avoiding such ecologically sensitive sites as national
parks, breeding sites of endangered bird, vertebrates and animals, wetlands and fragile ecosystems and
places with rare species. Chapter 5 on cultural heritage management plan section 5.4 highlight key
areas with ecological sensitivity, which will not be involved in subprojects implementation. These
include National Parks, Game Reserve Areas and Protected Forest Reserves. Among the prime
national parks and game reserves include Ngorongoro Crater, Ruaha National Park, Selous Game
Reserve, Serengeti National Park, Gombe National Park, Katavi National Park, Lake Manyara
National Park which is a prominent lesser flamingoes breeding place and Tarangire National Park.
The Tanzania map indicating national parks and reserved areas is as seen on Annex 17

34
 CHAPTER 4: LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS

4.1 Introduction

147. Environment and Social Standard 2 (ESS2) of the World Bank recognize the importance of
employment creation and income generation in pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic
growth. The Program will promote sound worker-management relationships and enhance the
development benefits of a project by treating workers in the project fairly and providing safe and
healthy conditions.

148. The Occupational Safety and Health Act, No. 5 of 2003 and Employment and Labour Relations
Act, No. 8 of 2006, both have relevant clauses that support ESS 2. Act No 5 of 2003 make further
provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of person at work; it protects workers against
risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work.

149. The legislation requirements conform to guidance provided in WB Environmental and Social
Framework (ESF) and Environmental and Social Standard 2 (ESS 2).

4.2 Objective

150. The main objective of Labour and Working Conditions (LWC) is to promote sound workers-
management relationships and enhance the development benefits of a project by treating workers in a
project fairly and providing safe and healthy working conditions.

151. The specific objectives are as follows:

i) To promote safety and health at work,
ii) To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of project
workers,
iii) To protect project workers, including vulnerable workers such as women, persons with
disabilities, children (of working age, in accordance with ESS 2) and migrant workers,
contracted workers, community workers and primary supply workers as appropriate,
iv) To prevent the use of all forms of forced labour and child labour,
v) To support the principles of freedom of association and collective bargaining of
project workers in a manner consistent with national law, and
vi) To provide project workers with accessible means to raise workplace concerns.

4.3 Rationale for Labour and Working Conditions (LWC) Procedures

152. Implementation of the programs sub-components Public Works Program and Productive
Inclusion will result into impact of varying nature and degree depending on the situation at hand of
the social, economic, administrative and environmental equilibrium in the respective communities.
Although, these subprojects at a large extent include the use of community in a number of different
circumstances where as subprojects are designed and conducted for the purpose of fostering
community – driven development and providing a social safety net. The foreseen impacts to the

35
communities’ raises the importance of addressing LWC issues adequately. This entails use of relevant
ESS 2 provision to put in place a suitable LWC procedure that will provide guidance to communities
in addressing LWC issues and control of unwanted incidents.

153. As stated above, the purpose of LWC is to provide guiding principles for assessment and
management of all physical works targeted under the Program. It will help to systematically identify,
predict and evaluate beneficial and adverse LWC impacts of subprojects to be financed under the
project as well as identify the terms and conditions on which community labor will be engaged,
including amount and method of payment and times of work. This procedure will also identify the
way in which community workers can raise grievances. General ESHs requirements will be applied
by this project.

4.4 Scope of application

154. The applicability of LWC as stipulated in ESS2 is established during the environment and social
assessment described in ESS1. There are different types of employment relationship between the
PSSN II project and the project workers: These are:
i) Direct workers employed directly by the project implementing agency
ii) Workers employed by PAAs
iii) People engaged to provide community labour (Community labour).

155. All government civil servants working in connection with the project, whether full-time or part–
time, they will remain subject to the terms and conditions of the existing publicsector employment
agreement as per Employment and Labour Relations Act No. 8 of 2006. ESS2 will not apply to such
government civil servant except for the provision of paragraph 17 to 20 (Protecting the work force)
and Paragraphs 24 to 30 (Occupational Health and Safety).

4.5 Working Conditions and Management of Worker Relationships

156. This section discusses the procedures applicable to the Program. They will set out the way in
which project workers will be managed, in accordance with the requirement of the national law and
ESS2 during review and approval of subprojects under the Program. Application of ESS2 promotes
the implementation of a systematic approach to improving the management of risks and impacts
related to labor and working conditions in Program and respective Sub projects.

157. This section gives a description of roles, reporting and advice mechanisms during
implementation of the Program.

4.5.1 Labour Management Procedure

158. Various laws, policies, systems, standards and international good practice codes are applicable
to the implementation of this Plan. These laws include National Law Employment, Occupational
Safety and Health Act, No. 5 of 2003 and Employment and Labour Relations Act, No 8 of 2006, both

36
have relevant clauses that support ESS 2. Act No 5 of 2003. Project workers will be provided with
information that is clear and understandable regarding their terms and condition of employment. The
Labour Management Procedures are presented as a separate document (LMP).

4.5.2 Terms and conditions of engagement

159. There are two types of workers in the Program: (i) those from the government at PAA level and
TASAF Management Unit (TMU) who have contracts that are governed by the National Labour
Employment Act and (ii) community workers who will be working in the Program following rules as
agreed in the respective sub-components handbooks of PWP and PI including payment amount,
method of payment and hours of work. Only participants enrolled in the programme will be allowed
to work in PWP and PI subprojects. Payment and working conditions will be clearly identified and
communicated to the enrolled beneficiaries of poor households.

4.5.3 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM):

160. A mechanism will be put in place to specify the way in which community workers can raise
their grievances. Detailed mechanism is shown in GRM section (chapter 6).

4.5.4 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS):

161. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 2003 Part IV para 43 Safety provision;
Part V para 54, 55 and 58 Health and Welfare Provisions; Part VI para 61 (1a), 63(a, b), 65 special
provisions, all these describes procedures to be followed to ensure workers safety. Furthermore, they
make provisions on safety, health and welfare of persons in factory and other places of work; to
provide for the protection of persons other than persons at work against hazards to health and safety
arising out of or in connection with activities of persons at work.

162. Measures relating to OHS are for protecting workers from injuries, illness or impacts associated
with exposure to hazards encountered in the work place or while working. Such measures take into
account the requirement of ESS2 and national law requirements on OHS and work place conditions.
Workers will be provided with protective gears appropriate to the circumstances of their work as
advised by Sector Expert, most common PPE are as shown in Annex 10.

163. Community workers. PSSN II will support sub-projects related to Public Works Program
incorporating targeted infrastructure and Livelihood interventions. The type of subprojects to be
supported will be identified by the communities after undergoing a participatory planning process
(community-driven bottom up approach). Health and safety risks and measures to address them will
be discussed during the participatory planning process.

164. The health and safety risks to which the community workers may be exposed from each type of
subproject will be assessed, as well as the ability to prevent or eliminate such risks or, if the risk cannot
be prevented or eliminated, the ability to protect community workers from exposure.

37
 4.5.5 Duty allocations – women, elderly, people with disability, pregnant women

165. ESS2 recognizes that appropriate measures should be provided to protect and address
vulnerable, including specific groups such as women, people with disabilities and children. However,
the Program has provided equal right for both man and women participating in the project. Pregnant
women and lactating mothers (0-24 months) will not be working as well as elderly above 65 years old.
No children below 18 years old will be allowed to work.

4.5.6 Institutional arrangement:

166. In order to ensure successful implementation of LWC there is a need to clearly define roles and
responsibilities of key players and stakeholders at Community, PAA and National levels. The LWC
plan should provide a specific description of institutional arrangements, i.e. who is responsible for
carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (for operation, supervisions, enforcement,
monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting and staff training).
• National level- will prepare guidelines and all forms needed, capacity building to PAAs staff
and monitoring; ensure provision of expert advice on LWC process, ensure enforcement and
monitoring role as stipulated by law, ensure periodical labour and working conditions
environmental audits and facilitate in conducting training for staff that will carry out LWC
plan at PAA level.

• PAA level - The PAA Environmental Management Committee, which includes designated
PAA Environmental Officer as Secretary and the PSSN Coordinator will be responsible for
checking the completeness of Risk Assessment and Management Forms. This will enable them
to identify and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of sub projects. They
will be responsible for training of PAA facilitators, CMCs and Village leadership, filling of
forms required, prepare quarterly monitoring reports;

• Village level - After training members of the VC and CMC, they will undertake both
compliance monitoring and effects monitoring (which records the consequences of activities
during implementation).

167. During the planning phase, community members will participate in the identification of
indicators for monitoring the mitigation measures.

168. During implementation phase, monitoring the execution of works with respect to LWC, CMC
are responsible for the implementation of most of the mitigation measures, including safe disposal of
hazardous wastes.

169. During operation and maintenance phase, the overall environmental monitoring and alerting on
any emerging safety and hazards in conjunction with the ongoing sub project activities. The
communities will be enabled to present their observations and concerns through the acceptable

38
mechanisms including, but not limited to the Village/Shehia Environmental Committee to the PAA
Management Team and higher authorities.

4.5.7 Risk Assessment:

170. Potential risks that may arise from the nature of activities to be undertaken include: child labour,
forced labour, accident and injuries, safety and health hazards. The Program will have to address these
risks in a systematic manner as outlined in the provided forms as attachment (Annex 11).

4.5.8 Mitigation:

171. Based on the environmental and social impacts and risks identified from the use of the
checklists, the LWC Plan will describe technical details of each mitigation measure, together with
designs, equipment, descriptions and operating procedures as appropriate.

4.5.9 Monitoring:

172. Good monitoring and reporting procedures are necessary to ensure early detection of conditions
that necessitate particular mitigation measures and to furnish information on the progress and results
of mitigation. The LWC have included monitoring procedures that specify the type of motoring
activities that will be linked to the mitigation measures as depicted in ESCP. These include the
following:
• Confirm compliance in terms of national laws and ESS2 requirements
• Assess actual impacts against predicted and the mitigation measures,
• Document implementation procedures and effectiveness of management

173. Monitoring will be undertaken by different stakeholders working in the PSSN II project
including TMU staff, PAA staff, and village council and community workers, through desk review
and field inspection to confirm that listed mitigation measures are being implemented effectively to
achieve the intended outcomes.

4.5.10 Budgets and Costs Estimate:

174. Budget and cost estimates for implementation of this LWC will be included in the overall
Program budget. The budget should be for mitigation measures and recommended activities. The
mitigation and monitoring measures recommended in the LWC will be developed in consultation with
all affected groups to include their concerns and views in the design of the LWC Plan.

39
 CHAPTER 5: CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION PLAN

5.1 Introduction

175. The implementation of the Program will cover all areas of the country, addressing poverty to
citizens with different cultural backgrounds and norms. The Program implementation is seeking to
conserve and protect tangible and intangible cultural heritage of communities it serves, ensuring
poverty eradication activities do not intervene efforts to promote and practice conservation of culture
and protect community heritages. This chapter focus on Cultural Heritage Protection as required in
ESS8 of ESF.

5.2 Policies and legal frameworks

176. The key policies and legal frameworks are on both; the national legislation and ESF
requirements.

177. The legal protection of Tanzania cultural heritage resources is implemented through Antiquities
Act of 1964 (Act No. 10 of 1964 or Cap 333 Ref. 2002) which is the principal legislation and the
Antiquities (Amendment) Act of 1979 (Act No. 22 of 1979) as well as Rules and Regulations of 1981,
1991, 1995 and 2002. The 1964 Act, offers general protection to objects or structures, which are of
archaeological, paleontological, historic, architectural, artistic, ethnological or scientific interest. Also
operates by using the National Antiquities Policy of 2008, in which roles and responsibilities of
different actors and stakeholders of cultural heritage resources have been clarified.

178. The Division of Antiquities is a statutory body within the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Tourism responsible for conservation, preservation, protection and management of cultural heritage
resources in Tanzania. Tanzania is well endowed with abundant significant cultural heritage resources
which range from the Pliocene period about four million years ago to present time which are: Historical
sites, Historical towns, Traditional Settlements, Historic Buildings, Sites with special memories,
Archaeological or Paleontological sites, and Natural Features and Structures.

179. The Division also operates by using the National Antiquities Policy of 2008, in which roles and
responsibilities of different actors and stakeholders of cultural heritage resources have been clarified.
The important feature of this policy include elaborations of roles of the public, individuals, corporate
and institutions in managing cultural heritage resources; analyze ways in which cultural heritage
activities will be managed and administered; clearly clarify measures through which cultural heritage
resources shall be protected, managed, preserved, conserved and developed; and analyze the best
practices for conducting research and conservation of cultural heritage resources.

180. Despite of the Nation being reach in heritage resources, only sixteen (16) are managed and
controlled by the Central Government under the Antiquities Division.

40
181. According to currently available research findings show that Tanzania has 128 areas which have
been published on the National Gazette, though there are more than 500 areas recorded to have
significance of cultural heritage resources (source: Ministry of Nat Res & Tourism, 2017).

5.3 Objective of addressing Cultural Heritage Issues

182. The objective of addressing Cultural Heritage issues is to ensure that cultural values of
communities is retained irrespective of how less strong their culture may be. It is also seen that such
heritage sites with tangible cultural marks being in urban or rural area are conserved for present and
future generation. The Program implementation will in no way jeopardize the existence of cultural
heritage of any for, tangible or intangible by ensuring adequate Stakeholder Engagement process
throughout Program phases, i.e. design, implementation and monitoring of resulted outputs. However,
in case of chance finds of physical cultural resources during implementation of project activities, a
chance finds management plan will be prepared and implemented as part of the Environmental and
Social Management Plan (ESMP).

5.4 Key areas of focus

183. On tangible national heritage that would need conserved include those internationally
recognized by international organs such as UNESCO. Specific sites are considered to be global
heritage sites that require utmost level of conservation, despite co-existence nature of tangible heritage
and surrounding communities. The PSSN II will have different activities undertaken throughout the
country, including to areas where these heritages exist. Among the sixteen (16) sites inscribed on the
World Heritage list include Kondoa Rock Art site, the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara,
and Olduvai Gorge. The areas recognized by UNESCO as world heritage with year of recognition in
brackets include;

5.5 Ngorongoro Conservation Area (1979)

184. A large permanent concentration of wild animals can be found in the huge and perfect crater of
Ngorongoro. Nearby is the crater of Empakaai filled by a deep lake and the active volcano of Oldonyo
Lenga. Excavations carried out in the Olduvai Gorge, not far from there, have resulted in the discovery
of one of our more distant ancestors, Homo habilis. Laitoli Site, which also lies within the area, is one
of the main localities of early hominid footprints, dating back 3.6 million years.

5.6 Serengeti National Park (1981)

185. The vast plains of the Serengeti comprise 1.5 million ha of savannah. The annual migration to
permanent water holes of vast herds of herbivores (wildebeest, gazelles and zebras), followed by their
predators, is one of the most impressive natural events in the world.

5.7 Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara (1981)

186. The remains of two great East African ports admired by early European explorers are situated
on two small islands near the coast. From the 13th to the 16th century, the merchants of Kilwa dealt

41
in gold, silver, pearls, perfumes, Arabian crockery, Persian earthenware and Chinese porcelain; much
of the trade in the Indian Ocean thus passed through their hands. The area is also famous with ‘Swahili’
culture, which has Arabic descent.

5.7.1 Selous Game Reserve (1982)

187. Large numbers of elephants, black rhinoceroses, cheetahs, giraffes, hippopotamuses and
crocodiles live in this immense sanctuary, which measures 50,000 sq. km and is relatively, and also
significantly undisturbed by anthropogenic activities. The park has a variety of vegetation zones,
ranging from dense thickets to open wooded grasslands.

5.7.2 Kilimanjaro National Park (1987)

188. At 5,895 m, Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa. This volcanic massif stands in splendid
isolation above the surrounding plains, with its snowy peak looming over the savannah. The mountain
is encircled by mountain forest. Numerous mammals, many of them endangered species, live in the
park.

5.7.3 Stone Town of Zanzibar (2000)

189. The Stone Town of Zanzibar is a fine example of the Swahili coastal trading towns of East
Africa. It retains its urban fabric and townscape virtually intact and contains many fine buildings that
reflect its particular culture, which has brought together and homogenized disparate elements of the
cultures of Africa, the Arab region, India, and Europe over more than a millennium.

5.7.4 Kondoa Rock Art Sites (2007)

190. Kondoa Rock Art Sites, on the eastern slopes of the Masai escarpment bordering the Great Rift
Valley are natural rock shelters, overhanging slabs of sedimentary rocks fragmented by rift faults,
whose vertical planes have been used for rock paintings over at least two millennia. The spectacular
collection of images from over 150 shelters over 2,336 km2, many with high artistic value, displays
sequences that provide a unique testimony to the changing socio-economic base of the area from
hunter-gatherer to agro-pastoralist societies, and the beliefs and ideas associated with them. Some of
the shelters are still considered to have ritual associations with the people who live nearby reflecting
their beliefs, rituals and cosmological traditions.

191. On the other hand, the nation is formed of about 120 different ethnic groups with respective
geographical locations, unique culture and means of communication. The groups undertake varying
economic activities based on cultural backgrounds, location and climate. Most of the common socio-
economic activities of these communities include farming and livestock keeping. There are groups
engaging in hunting and gathering of fruits, roots and herbs, and those engaging into nomadic
pastoralism. The groups were thoroughly consulted in a free and prior informed consultation to
ascertain their engagement into PSSN II activities. Reference should be drawn from consultation of
VGPF as addressing ESS7.

42
192. The PSSN II Program will have activities in these PAAs having tangible and non-tangible
cultural heritages where participants will be trained on application of suitable means of its
management.

5.7.5 Potential adverse Impacts on Culture Heritage of communities

193. A number of adverse socio-cultural impacts are predicted that may be caused by the
implementation of the Program. The most obvious ones include:
i. Change of socio-economic activities of group in the program, hence loss of culturally-
originated economic activities

ii. Loss of cultural diets supplements obtained from fruits and roots from forests as the
communities will shift from hunter – gatherer groups to food purchasing communities.

194. It is therefore planned to have comprehensive monitoring plan on positive and negative impacts
of the Program during its implementation. An awareness raising sessions is vital towards educating
communities retaining cultural values as it benefit from the Program implementation. This will be
achieved through distribution of awareness raising materials to different communities promoting
safeguarding cultural values and heritage.

195. On the other hand, national and global heritage may be impacted by the Program through
implementation of some PWP, and PI activities depending in areas of implementation. Subprojects
involving livestock keeping, agricultural activities, afforestation and bee keeping would require
special technical and expert advice prior to its implementation to establish its feasibility in respective
area.

5.8 Cultural Heritage Management and Monitoring Plan

196. A comprehensive cultural and heritage management and monitoring plan will be developed for
the Program as pointed out in Environment and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP). The Cultural
Heritage Management Plan will focus to address conserving key elements of specific cultural heritage
which is believed to be impacted by project activities, and if not safeguarded may get extinctic or
significantly altered.

43
Figure 4: Cultural Heritage Management and Monitoring Plan

1. Identify subproj
ect implementatio
n location

5. Incorporate cultural 2. Undertake preliminar

heritage mitigation m y assessment to identify
easures into ESMP du cultural heritage threats
ring subproject imple may be posed by the sub
mentation project implementation

4. Prepare cultural
heritage monitori 3. Prepare mitigati
ng plan to monitor on measures for id
implementation of entified cultural th
mitigation measur reats
es

44
 CHAPTER 6: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN AND INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE

6.1 Introduction

Summary of PSSN II Program Description

197. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania is in preparation to implement Second
Phase of Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN II) The Project aims at protecting the poor from
immediate effects of poverty, helping them to meet consumption needs and prevent further irreversible
losses in assets, and enable poverty-stricken households to invest in their future and improve their
livelihood. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to improve access to income-earning
opportunities and social economic services for targeted households below the poverty line while
enhancing and protecting the human capital of their children.

198. Activities under the Project will be implemented through, two main components (i) Productive
Household Support; (ii) Institutional Capacity Strengthening and Integrated Delivery Systems. In
accordance with ESS10 a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) has been prepared. The SEP has been
prepared as a separate document and summarized below.

Summary of PSSN I Stakeholder Engagement Activities

199. Targeting and Enrolment is the foremost Program activity implemented immediate after its
commencement. Prior to cash transfer to the enrolled beneficiary’s households, two major activities
of targeting and enrollment were carried out in all selected Villages/Mtaa/Shehia. During these two
activities, PAA facilitators were all trained using standard package of guidelines focusing on targeting
and enrolment process at the community level. The key activities involved in the process included
awareness creation to the communities on the program objectives, components to be implemented,
benefits level, entitlements and responsibilities as well as anticipated results. After community
sensitization, each Village Assembly meeting set up criteria for identification of poor households
according to their local situation. The set criteria were used to target poor households that will benefit
from the program. Community teams were formed amongst community members and others who were
conversant with families residing in the respective community. These were used to identify poor
households in the respective community. Names of identified poor households were first discussed in
the Village Council and thereafter were read in front of the general village assembly. The Village
assembly was mandated to endorse, add, reject and validate the names. Since Kiswahili was widely
used to explain key program features, translators were designated to translate into local language for
ease of grasping and understanding.

200. Community targeting, and enrolment were the most important steps of the project entry at the
Village level. Village assembly meetings were held and involved every group in the community
including the vulnerable communities. This was an important step towards inclusion of eligible
program beneficiaries including vulnerable groups, where names of all poor households were read.
This helped in minimizing inclusion and exclusion errors.
45
 6.2 Stakeholders identification and analysis

6.2.1 Affected parties

201. The Project will identify individual, groups, local communities and other stakehoders that may
be directly or indirectly affected by the project either positively or negatively. Stakeholder
Engagement Plan (SEP) focuses particularly on those communities that are directly and adversely
affected by project activities. All community members in the villages will be affected during
implementation of the Project because by implementing the project they will have either direct or
indirect impacts. The consultation with the affected people will be held in the villages through special
assembly meetings. These meetings will be organized by the Village Councils whereby its members
have been informed the objectives of the meeting. This will enhance the attendance of many
community members in the meetings.

6.2.2 Other interested parties

202. Other interested parties will include institutions that are working in villages; this will include
PAA officials, village leaders and Civil Society organizations that are working with the affected
communities. These groups will have a role to play and also will have a broader knowledge of the
environmental and social characteristics of the project area and the nearby populations even if they are
not directly affected

6.2.3 Vulnerable Groups

203. These refer to those who are likely to be adversely affected by project impacts and /or are limited
than others in their ability to take advantage of Program benefits. Such individuals or groups are
susceptible to exclusion from, and/or are unable to fully participate in the mainstreaming consultation
process and as such may require specific measures and assistance to ensure adequate inclusion in
Program activities. VGs include hunter-gatherer communities, pastoralist, agro-pastoralist groups and
those communities with limited access to social services due to geographic and infrastructure-related
constraints. In addition, other vulnerable groups not described under ESS7 include women, especially
those heads of households, youth, elderly, people with disabilities, people at risk of being excluded
because of social bias and people with chronic illnesses.

6.2.4 Summary of project stakeholder needs

204. The following table summarized the potential needs of each individual stakeholder group,
indicating key characteristics and corresponding specific need.

46
 Table 2: Summary of stakeholders needs
Stakeholder Key characteristics Language needs Preferred Specific
group notification needs
means
Affected Community members in National Letters from PAA Depends on
parties the specific area who are language to the Village and the specific
permanent residence in (Swahili). Local sub village leaders communities
the area. language may be Traditional
needed. notifications
Translator in (Mbiu)
case local
language
translate needed
Other These are government National Letters, telephone Working
interested and non-governmental language and emails equipment
parties institutions working (Swahili) and such as
with the affected parties English computer
and have in-depth
knowledge of
environmental and
social characteristics of
the affected parties
Vulnerable These are hunter- National Letters from PAA Consultation
Groups gatherer, pastoralist, and language to the Village and with local
agro-pastoralist (Swahili) and sub village leaders. leaders
communities. their local Traditional
language. notifications
Translator (Mbiu)
needed

6.2.5 Stakeholders Engagement Plan

205. Open and transparent engagement among Program stakeholders can improve the environmental
and social sustainability of subprojects, enhance Program acceptance and make a significant
contribution to successful Program design and implementation. During implementation of the Program
different stakeholders (individuals or groups) that are likely to be affected by the Program will be
consulted in order to foster a strong, constructive and responsive relationship which is important for
successful management of environmental and social risks. Stakeholders to be involved as per nature,
scale of the project, its potential risks and impacts will include project participants, members of
communities residing in the villages where project will be implemented and sector experts at all levels.
Annex 12 details the stakeholder’s engagement plan.

47
 6.2.6 Purpose and timing of stakeholder engagement program

206. The stakeholders’ engagement plan will describe the timing and methods of engagement with
stakeholders during targeting and recertification and throughout the life cycle of the sub project i.e.
from, identification of sub projects, planning, implementation and decommissioning of sub projects.
Further the engagement plan will identify timings in which information regarding the sub project will
be communicated to stakeholders and type of information to be gathered for stakeholders. Information
gathering, and sharing will be crucial in the plan for each party involved to know what is expected of
them and the outcomes of sub projects at a particular point in time. This will guarantee knowledge
exchange and effective participation of the stakeholders who will ultimately make informed choices
on the project being implemented.

207. Information will be communicated through community meetings, distribution of

communication materials such as posters and fliers addressing issues around sub projects being
implemented. Use of local languages in community meetings through interpreters will be necessary to
ensure that participants fully understand what is being communicated to allow full participation in
terms of voicing their views and seeking clarification when in doubt so as to institute measures to
remove obstacles to participation. Needs of specific groups with specific information needs such as
disability, gender and mobility will be accommodated to ensure they are equally informed.

6.2.7 Proposed strategy for information disclosure

208. Information will be disclosed through public consultation and made available in brochures,
leaflets, or booklets, using both English and national language. Summaries of the Stakeholders
Engagement Plan will be made available in hard copies and in national language at PAA offices and
any other local level public offices. Electronic versions will be available on the official website of
TASAF and the Bank website. Information to be disclosed to participants will include (i) The purpose
and nature of the sub project to be implemented, (ii) duration of proposed activities, (iii) potential risks
and impacts of the project to local communities and mitigation measures. Also, disclosure of
information will include how stakeholders’ will participate by developing meeting schedules, venues
and procedure for receiving and addressing grievances. For the vulnerable groups information will be
made available to the affected vulnerable groups in an appropriate form and manner.

6.3 Proposed strategy for consultation

209. Consultation process is the dynamic process of dialogue between stakeholders based upon a
genuine exchange of views, with the objective of influencing decisions, policies or programs actions.
The process involves listening to all stakeholders’ opinions sincerely, respecting all participants,
showing interests in their knowledge, and behaviors while encouraging them to share their knowledge
and ideas. The following methods will be used for stakeholder’s consultation at the community level;
Discussion with key informants at all levels, Guided Focus Group Discussions and Special village
assembly meetings.

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 6.3.1 Proposed strategy to incorporate the view of vulnerable groups

210. The Program will use Vulnerable Group Plan (VGP) to ensure inclusion and meaningful
participation of vulnerable group in the Project design, planning and undertaking of planned activities
to enhance development process with full respect to dignity, human rights, economies, and culture of
Vulnerable Groups. In this connection VGP for sub-projects have been prepared through a highly
participatory, flexible and pragmatic process using participatory planning based on the findings of
stakeholder’s engagements conducted. The PAAs facilitators, in consultation with VGs in their
respective areas, will develop a specific VGP appropriate to the identified mitigation measures and
livelihood enhancement activities. ESMPs will be developed based on the ESMF’s objectives and
principles and the RAP as per guidance of the RPF to ensure the active participation of all vulnerable
groups.

6.3.2 Timelines

211. Stakeholders’ engagement plan is necessary to commence prior to start the project in order to
identify who are key stakeholders, what role they can contribute to VG communities and maintaining
meaningful interaction with them. SE is also done during Identification of beneficiaries to make sure
all VGs are included. Stakeholders’ engagement is done throughout the project implementation when
periodic monitoring is done to assess the progress and if implementation is done according to plan,
challenges are identified on time to allow for corrections.

6.3.3 Review of Comments

212. Methodology used to gather comments during stakeholders’ engagement interactions will
includes; taking notes during focus group discussion, during interview with key informants and
feedbacks during village assembly meetings. Data acquired will be analyzed and used to prepare
report. The review will be done to assess the level of stakeholder’s engagement to the project

213. This information will be used to prepare field reports, quarterly reports and semi-annual reports.
Some of data to be gathered includes pictures, maps and minutes of village assembly meetings with
attendance

6.4 Resources and Responsibilities for implementing stakeholder engagement

activities
6.4.1 Human Resources

214. The resources for the implementation of stakeholder’s engagements will depend on the size,
nature, type and time. Both human and material resources will be required to implement the plan at all
levels from the national up to the community. At the national level, there are Ministries, followed by
Regional Secretariats, while at the District level, administrative roles are executed by the District
Commissioners and District Administrative Secretaries. The Local Government level is handled by
LGA Directors (Directors for City, Municipal and Town Councils and Executive Directors for District
Councils). Under the LGA Directors, there are several heads of department who are supporting the

49
Directors such as planners, community development officers, and water, natural resources, land
specialists, etc.

215. At the community level, the governance is under Village Council/Mtaa/Shehia, whereby
administrative roles are executed by Village/Mtaa/Shehia Executive Officers. The community
administration is directly linked with its people, and it is at this level that community meetings are
organized for the purpose of public consultation, involvement and notable participation into
development activities such as sub-projects design, planning and implementation.
216. The TMU is the executing agency of this project and PAAs are implementing agencies under
the guidance of TMU. The TMU will be responsible for overall implementation, monitoring and
supervision.

6.4.2 Management functions and responsibilities

217. Different stakeholders from national up to the community level will play different roles and
responsibilities in relation to managing and implementing Stakeholders Engagement Plans (SEP) as
follows;

6.4.2.1 Village and Ward levels

218. Village and ward leaders, Extension Officers and Community Management Committees (CMC)
will be responsible for ensuring all stakeholders are engaged in the project activities in their respective
areas. Specific responsibilities will be;
i. Awareness creation in the community about the Stakeholders Engagement Plans;
ii. Facilitating meetings in the communities which involves all stakeholders;
iii. Assisting the community in the process of preparing Stakeholders Engagements Plan
at community level;
iv. Participating in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
Stakeholders Engagements Plans at the village level;
v. Preparing and submitting implementation reports to the Village Council/Shehia
Advisory Council/Mtaa Committee regarding Stakeholders Engagements;
vi. Address grievances at the community levels related to Stakeholders Engagements

6.4.2.2 PAA and regional levels

219. The PAA and Regional levels will be responsible for ensuring all stakeholders are engaged in
the Project activities in their respective areas; specific responsibilities will be as follows:
i. Awareness creation at PAA and Regional levels about the Stakeholders Engagement
Plan;
ii. Facilitating community to identify of key Stakeholders to be engaged into project
activities;
iii. Providing technical assistance to village leaders, CMCs and local communities as
needed in the preparation and implementation of the Stakeholders Engagement Plans;
iv. Ensuring that Stakeholders Engagements Plans re mainstreamed into PAA Annual
plans;

50
 v. Participating in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
Stakeholders Engagements Plans at PAA levels;
vi. Prepare progress reports on the implementation of Stakeholders Engagements Plans;
vii. Monitoring and evaluation planning and implementation of the Stakeholders
Engagements

6.4.2.3 National Level

220. At national level, TASAF Management Unit (TMU) will ensure compliance of Environmental
and Social Standards 10; Stakeholders Engagements and Information Disclosure as follows;
i. Providing technical support and capacity building to PAAs, Community and other
Stakeholders on the implementations of Stakeholders Engagements and Information
Disclosure;
ii. Monitoring and evaluation of the impacts of Stakeholders Engagements and
Information Disclosure at the PAAs and Community levels;
iii. Prepare progress reports on the implementation of Stakeholders Engagements and
Information Disclosure;
iv. Establishment and maintenance of effective M&E system including database and MIS
at this level; and
v. Knowledge management and learning as far as the Stakeholders Engagements and
Information Disclosure is concerned;

6.5 Monitoring and Reporting

6.5.1 Involvement of stakeholders in monitoring activities

221. During Project implementation, third parties will be involved in monitoring of the project
performance and measuring associated impacts. During identification of sub-projects the VGs, VCs,
CBOs and NGOs representatives who are working within the area and other community members will
be involved. During implementation monitoring will be done on quarterly basis where stakeholders
who were involved during consultation meetings can be invited on rotational basis (timeline and tools
to be used will be shared). At each site visit technical advice on issues observed will be provided in
the site visit book and back to office report prepared as per TASAF guidelines.

6.5.1 Reporting back to stakeholder groups

222. Stakeholders’ engagement outcomes will be reported back to the communities and other
stakeholders immediate after the exercise has been accomplished, and report and minutes prepared.
The team members will write the report and attach all relevant documentation according to evidence
gathered. The report /findings on focus group discussions and progress of project activities will be
shared at community level (Village assembly), PAA level and as well as National level. Emphasis will
be made on availability of grievances redress mechanism and the process involved communicating
grievances.

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 CHAPTER 7: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

7.1 Introduction

223. The implementation of the Program activities, involves interaction with the community hence
it is important to promote broader citizenship engagement to enhance transparency and accountability.
The project continues to strengthen and upgrade the grievance redress mechanism established for the
PSSN I and works through the appropriate institutional structures for Project management at national,
PAA and community levels. This is well supported by the functional computerized management
information system (MIS), and the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system that has demonstrated
its capacity to generate timely information on inputs, outputs and results. Therefore, both clients and
non-clients of the Project can bring grievances about issues that concern them like the cash transfer
program and its timeliness and completeness of the transfers, management of the PW program and
transparency in provision of benefits as well as any irregularities in the entire Project GRM provides
a formal channel for citizens to air their grievances and hold the program accountable so as to improve
performance and provide high level of accountability.

224. The program advocates for a Grievance Redress Mechanism System in place as a formal process
for receiving, evaluating and redressing program-related grievances from affected communities and
the public. Grievances may be reported in form of claim, complaint or issue related to benefit-sharing,
resettlement or compensation process.

225. A wide range of project-affected people: community members, members of vulnerable groups,
project implementers, civil societies, and the media; are encouraged to bring grievances and comments
to the attention of project authorities. Grievances can be received through these communication
channels; hotline number +255 739 000 038; email address [email protected], face to face
communication, media or fill an uptake form available at villages/mtaa/shehia. In additional to
sensitization of how to lodge a grievance, it is also addressed during the community sessions for PSSN
II participants and through posters placed at pay-point centers which provide the same message.

226. Formation of grievance committee comprising of PAA Coordinator, Environmental Officer,

Land Officer and Community Development Officer is amongst the action plans vital to address all
grievances related to Project performance. For effectiveness and efficiency of GRM, the procedures
for handling grievance will be simple and administered as far as possible by the Village Council and
Grievance Committee at the PAA level. The Village Council or Shehia committee and PAA Grievance
Committee shall maintain records where grievances and complaints, including minutes of discussions,
recommendations and resolutions made, will be recorded.

227. The nature of grievance reported might necessitate involvement of different levels in decision
making to be resolved. The court will be the ultimate decision maker as per flow diagram below:

Village Ward PAA TMU Court

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 7.2 The procedure of grievance redress

228. Procedures to file grievances and seek action should be simple enough to PAP and
understandable. All grievances, simple or complex, should be addressed and resolved in a quick and
constructive manner within a period of fourteen (14) days, supported by a timely feedback to aggrieved
person where necessary.

229. The affected person should file his grievance in writing, to the Village Council or Shehia
committee. The grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. Where the
affected person is unable to write, he should obtain assistance to write the note and emboss the letter
with his/her thumb print.

230. The Village Council or Shehia committee resolves those disputes it can, depending on the nature
of the complaint and where the mandate lies for the issue concerned. Unresolved issues/disputes
beyond their mandate are referred to adjudication to the PAA. Village Council or Shehia committee
keeps records of all complaints received, whether and how the VC resolved these and which
complaints were forwarded to the PAA coordinator. The Village Council will inform in writing the
complainant on the decision within 14 days.

231. PAA Coordinator submits unresolved grievances to the PAA Grievance Committee. The PAA
grievance Committee reviews the complaints and determines the appropriate course of action
according to the laws, rules and regulation. All complaints about abuse in service, potential corruption
must be channeled to proper authorities in no more than 14 days after the complaint is received. The
PAA Grievance Committee generates a letter to the complainant to inform them of the action taken.

232. In addition to submitting a complaint to the VC, people may also lodge complains with any
member of the PAA Management Team (CMT). Complaints received by CMT members are logged
with TASAF coordinator and considered by the PAA Grievance Committee. If the coordinator is
implicated in the complaint, then the complaint is forwarded directly to the PAA Director/ Principal
Secretary.

233. The PAA Grievance Committee should respond within 14 days during which any meetings and
discussions to be held with the aggrieved person should be conducted. If the grievance relates to
valuation of assets, PAA Grievance Committee should be requested to revalue the assets, and this may
necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person must be notified by PAA
grievance committee through the Village Council that his/her complaint is being considered.

234. The Grievance Committee will produce a report containing a summary of all grievances and
will make this available to the TMU on a quarterly basis.

235. If the aggrieved person is dissatisfied with the decision of the PAA Grievance Committee and
other higher authorities or If no agreement is reached at this stage, then the complaint can be taken
through the formal court process, i.e. to the Village Land Council, the Ward Tribunal where relevant,
District Tribunal and the High Court (Land Division) at the National level. Samples of Grievance

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Reporting and Grievance Resolution Forms are as included in the Stakeholder Engagement Plan.
Potential Grievance/Disputes and respective procedure

236. Potential grievances and disputes likely to emerge during the course of Project implementation
may relate to the following respective areas;

7.2.1 Environmental and social issues

i. Poor prevention of increased sediments into streams, ponds and rivers due to
erosion from road tops
ii. Inadequate treatment/control of dust by water or other means during road and
water ponds construction.
iii. Inadequate protective clothes to minimize danger to field workers applying
agro-chemical
iv. Improper management during application of herbicides and pesticides to open
horticulture farms.
v. Water use right NOT clearly defined by recipient Community.
vi. Exclusion and Inclusion error

7.2.2. Vulnerable group issues

i. Disappearing of social and culture issues due to interference with other
communities
ii. Encroachment on and degradation of land, territory and natural resources
iii. Loss of range land and hunting blocks/ areas
iv. Loss of forests in culturally sensitive areas for VG
v. Gender based violence as a result of changes in power relations due to cash for work.

7.2.3. Other Vulnerable Groups

237. Vulnerable persons may be affected during compensation process because of a disability or
other nature of disadvantage, and/or maybe made more vulnerable as a result of the compensation
process. Vulnerable persons may include orphans, persons with disabilities, elderly persons,
HIV/AIDS affected/or infected, widows, widowers, people suffering from serious illnesses, women
and children at risk of being dispossessed of their productive assets-land- as a result of the land
compensation process that may benefit the sole male household head and malnourished children.

Assistance to Vulnerable groups

238. Project intends to provide necessary assistance to vulnerable group as major strategy of safety
mechanism.
(i) Assistance given to vulnerable persons would adhere to the following steps:
a) Identification of person and cause of their vulnerability. This may either come
directly or through the communities’ representation; this step is critical because
often vulnerable people do not participate in community meetings, and their
disability/vulnerability may remain unknown.
b) Identification of required assistance at the various stages of the process including
negotiation, compensation and reallocation procedures;

54
 c) Implementation of the above measures;
d) Monitoring and continuation of assistance after reallocation if required

(ii) The type of assistance given to vulnerable may include the following:
a) Assistance in effecting compensation,
b) Assistance in reallocation, providing vehicle, driver and facilitation at the
reallocation stage, providing ambulance services for disable persons during
reallocation process;
c) Assistance in building construction example providing materials and workforce or
building houses;
d) Health care if required at critical periods: moving and transition period.

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 CHAPTER 8: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ESMF

8.1 Introduction

239. Training and capacity building is instrumental in the realization of the objectives of the ESMF.
Experience gained from implementation of PSSN I intervention shows that there is inadequate
technical capacity at PAA, ward and community level to address environmental and social issues
comprehensively. In many PAAs, there is an employed Environmental Management Officer (EMO)
who handles environmental matters. Given the scope of projects being implemented at the PAA level
it is important to build the capacity of the PAA technical team comprised of various sectors to address
safeguards issues during implementation of the project based on the ESS

240. In this regard, the Program will build the capacity of PAA technical team to handle
environmental and social issues of the Project. This will be done during training of PAA technical
team on PWP implementation guidelines and procedures focusing on Watershed Management and
Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM).

241. The trained PAA technical team will build the capacity of Wards Extension Staff, and
Village/Mtaa/Shehia Council and Environmental Management Committee and CMCs on Safeguards
Frameworks.

8.2 Capacity building at different levels

242. The capacity building requirements and subsequent functions of various levels is as follows;

National level

243. Since PW and Livelihood Enhancement sub components will be roll-out to full scale, there will
be an increased demand for capacity building to TMU staff and SET members to effectively implement
and monitor Safeguard measures. At National level three Environmental and Social Safeguard Experts
have been hired to monitor safeguard compliance and provide technical support to PAAs during the
implementing of the program. Orientation on the new Environmental and Social Framework to the
TMU staff was done during the Program design as part of capacity building. During the screening of
proposed subprojects, the Environmental and Social safeguard specialists will make use of the
environmental and social guidelines for the selection and design of subprojects as described in the
Technical Manual. Specifically, the safeguard team at TMU will be responsible for:

iv. Ensuring the Program compliance with ESMF requirements, and continually advocate
and raise awareness at all levels.
v. Conduct training and orientation on the requirements of the ESMF to PAAs
vi. Reviewing monitoring reports submitted by the PAAs
vii. Provide technical backstopping to PAA technical team on the compliance of the ESF
viii. Monitoring potential cumulative impacts from Program activities

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 PAA level

244. At this level training will be done on Environmental and Social Standards. The training at PAA
will target technical team which will be formed from a multi-disciplinary team of experts who will
support communities in subproject planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. In
this regard, a four days training will be organized to build their capacity during rollout of the Program.
Successive trainings will be carried out in the course of Program Implementation. Objectives of the
training will be:

• To build capacity of PAAs on implementation of ESF and its standards

• Support communities to mainstream environmental and social issues in their sub-
projects.
• Ensure that PAAs have the capacity to assist communities in managing potential
environmental and social impacts
• Strengthen the capacity of other services providers such as Local Service Providers
(LSP) to provide technical support to communities in environmental and social aspects
of the sub-projects.

245. The training will focus among others on National Environmental and Social Management
process, project principles and guidelines, the procedure to be followed under this ESMF, design of
mitigation measures and preparation of ESMP, stakeholder’s consultations in Program
implementation cycle and procedures to monitor mitigation measures, roles and responsibilities and
reporting mechanism. The capacity building activities will be implemented as indicated in Annex 12.

246. Specific training plan will also be developed and implemented at all levels (from national to
village/community level) to ensure minimization of possibilities of discrimination in project
implementation through robust trainings on non-discrimination for all those who play a part in project
implementation, especially including the local committees. Such training will explicitly address
common grounds for discrimination grounded in unconscious or conscious bias, disability, albinism
and any other social status.

8.3 Budget for Capacity Building in Environmental and Social Frameworks

247. Budget to implement ESMF in the Program subcomponents (PWP, LE, Communications etc.)
will be mainstreamed in the respective subcomponents budget. The budget to implement ESMF under
safeguards Unit will cover capacity building, issues such as trainings, backstopping, orientation,
information sharing and awareness raising sessions. it is estimated that about US$ 935,000 will be
required to build the capacity at National and PAA levels

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 ANNEXES

Annex 1: Brief description on the nature and estimated cost for major types of
subprojects

i) Community Ponds and Water and environmental conservation

Subproject types: Earth ponds, hand-dug wells, pans and ponds.

1. Is a structure constructed by excavation of land surface for the objective of making a depression
to harvest rainwater runoff? The excavated soil is used to construct the embankment across the runoff
at the downstream of the depression in order to raise the level of water in the reservoir. The storage
water capacity is obtained entirely by digging, thus the harvested water is mainly used for small water
supply for domestic and livestock use. The recommended height of the embankment is a maximum of
3.0m high, of which 1.0m is used as a freeboard to discharge excess water. Construction of community
ponds follow the following steps; site clearance, removal of top soil, excavation of foundation,
excavation of reservoir/depression, formation of embankment with soil placed and compacted in layers
not exceeding 15cm, construction of spillway and stabilization of embankment e.g. planting of
vegetation cover or stone pitching. All these activities are done using labor.

2. The average estimated cost for construction of community ponds depends on size of the pond.
Generally, the cost of constructing a community pond with a storage capacity of 9,000 cubic metered
water is about USD 16,700, where USD 12,525 is for labor and USD 4,175 is for other inputs like
working tools and protective equipment, construction materials and supervision.

ii) Hand Dug Well

Subproject types: Hand-dug wells, shallow wells.

3. A hand dug well is a manually dug hole in the ground to abstract underground water in an
aquifer with low permeability. It is an economical technique because it only requires physical labor
and using simple tools like a pick and shovel, with a bucket on a rope to remove cuttings. The diameter
of a hand dug well from 0.8m to 1.5 m and a depth of 5m to 10m. It can be lined using stones or pre-
cast concrete rings. Water can be abstracted using bucket and rope, windlass or hand pump.

4. Construction of hand dug well generally follows the following steps; site clearance, digging
through dry earth, construction of casing (wall reinforcement), construction of surface wall and top
cover for preventing runoff entering into the well and construction of drainage systems and fencing.

5. The estimated cost for construction of hand dug well depends on designed width, depth,
availability of construction materials and nature of the soil/rocks. Generally, the estimated cost of
constructing a standard hand dug wells range is USD 1,250 to 2,500, where USD 940 is for labor and
USD 310 is for other inputs or USD 10 to USD 28 per meter in depth.

iii) Spring Protection, Soil and water conservation

Subproject types: bench terraces, gully reshaping, filling and re-vegetation

6. Springs occur where water from an underground aquifer flows out of the ground to the surface
by gravity or can be an artesian spring where the water appears at the surface under pressure from a

58
confined aquifer below. Spring water can be of good quality microbiologically if the spring is well
protected. Spring protection is the improvement of the surroundings through planting of vegetation
or by constructing masonry chamber to facilitate hygienic collection of protected water. The chamber
is constructed using stones and cement aims at increasing the durability of the spring, quantity and
quality of discharged water and protecting the spring from any contamination and soil erosion.

7. Sub-activities which done during spring protection are; site clearance, excavation of storage
tank or water collection chamber, construction of water storage tank or water collection chamber, lying
pipes into the water collection chamber/tank, construction of water fetching chamber and planting of
vegetation.

8. Depending on availability of construction materials, size, type, nature of the spring and its
surrounding environment; estimated cost for spring protection range from USD 764 to 1,488, this
estimated cost includes cost for wages and inputs.

iv) Soil Bunds

Subproject types: Level soil bunds, level fanya juu, stone bunds,

9. Soil bunds are earth structures constructed as a technique for soil and water conservation in
areas with steep and medium slopes and areas prone to soil erosion caused by water flow. The main
purpose of bunds is to slow down the slope and filter runoff water from rainfall and hence reduce soil
degradation. As the water flow is decelerated, higher amounts can infiltrate in the soil, leading to
increased soil moisture. Furthermore, water is spread more evenly, which can prevent gully formation.
Two main types of bunds have been constructed, contour bunds and semi-circular bunds. Bunds can
be stabilized by planting of grasses.

10. Sub-activities associated with soil bund construction includes; site clearance, surveying, laying
out, trenches excavation, bunds formation and compaction, planting of vegetation. The construction
of soil bunds depends on; type of soil, size of the bunds/trenches and nature of vegetation or any
obstacles like stones.

11. The height soil bund ranges from 60cm to 80cm and the space between the bunds depends
slopes of the site which determined during the surveying stage. The estimated cost for soil bund is
USD 0.71 per meter of the soil bund; this estimated cost includes cost for wages and inputs

v) Woodlots, Agro forestry & Multi-purpose tree nursery

Subprojects types: Seed collection from woodlots, homesteads areas and forests, tree/shrub
seedlings and grass nurseries, Restoration of degraded land/area, Gully reshaping, filling and
revegetation, Eyebrow basins, herring bones, improved pits, micro basins, micro trenches, water
collection trenches

12. These are parcel of woodland or forest capable of small scale production of forest product such
as wood fuel. Woodlot also produces timber and non-timber products and used for Agroforest. The
forestry subprojects are implemented into categories of Establishment of tree nurseries and Tree
planting. The Sequential steps in Establishment of tree nurseries are site clearance, Collection of soil
ingredient (top forest soil, manure and sand), sieving and mixing soil ingredients, cutting and filling
of polythene tubes, sowing tree seeds in seed beds, watering, transplant tree seedlings in polythene
tubes.

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13. In the establishment of tree nurseries, 0.25ha can be produce 100,000 seedlings whereby the
average cost is about USD 10,000.00.

vi) Community Access Roads

Subprojects types: New access (road) construction, foot bridges and culverts, Gravel/Earth road
vii)

14. A community access road is a road which enables traffic to reach a particular area in order to
improve communication for various social, economic and cultural activities. These are constructed to
earth road standards, with necessary drainage structures like mitre and side drains. The standard
dimension for earth road is a minimum of 3.5m wide or 4.5m wide depending on the number of vehicle
passing per day.

15. Sequential steps in access roads construction are setting out, site clearing (bush clearing, top
soil and root removal, trees and boulder removal), earth works, cumber formation, drainage – ditch
excavation, culverts/drift and erosion protection construction, Gravelling – excavation, hauling,
dumping, spreading, watering and compaction. Generally, the cost of earth road is USD 6,000.00,
where 75% of this is for participants labor and 25 % for other inputs like working tools, materials etc.

viii) Small Scale Irrigation

Subprojects type: Catch/cut-off drain, Micro ponds, river bed/permeable rock dams, small scale
drip irrigation, small scale surface irrigation, and hand dug wells

16. Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.
Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry
areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Surface irrigation systems using labor intensive,
facilitate water movement across the surface of agricultural lands, in order to wet it and infiltrate into
the soil. The general design of surface irrigation is by using open channel capable of conveying surface
water for irrigation. The estimated cost of a stone masonry lined canal is USD 10,000 per kilometer.
This cost includes 75% being wages for participants and inputs.

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Annex 2: List of Projects requiring EIA based on EMA, 2004 (Mandatory projects,
which require full EIA but not applicable to PSSN II) – PSSN Sub-Projects will not fall
under this category and this will not be applicable..

i. Agriculture
• Water management projects for agriculture (drainage, irrigation)
• Large scale farming - mono- culture and mixed cropping of cash or food crops
• Pest control projects such as Tsetse flies, Armyworms Quelea, Locusts, Rodents,
weeds etc.
• Fertilizer and nutrient management
• Agricultural programmes necessitating resettlement of communities.
• Introduction of new breeds of crops.
• Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms

ii. Livestock and Range Management

• Large Scale livestock movement
• Livestock markets
• Introduction of new breeds of livestock including Genetically Modified Breeds
• Introduction of new or alien foreign species
• Provision of public water supply (big water sources, watering points, wells etc)
• Ectoparasite management (cattle dips, area treatment)
• Intensive livestock rearing areas
• Livestock routes
• Introduction of new livestock management technologies

iii. Forestry
• Timber harvesting, logging and processing
• Afforestation and Reforestation
• Introduction of new tree species and development of forest plantations
• Selective removal of commercial tree species
• Pest management
• Introduction of new breeds of trees (forest) including Genetically Modified
Species
• Construction of roads inside forest reserve
• Commercial charcoal, firewood and other forest harvest operations
• Establishment of commercial logging or conversion of forest land to other land
uses within catchment areas

iv. Fisheries
• Medium to large scale fisheries
• Artificial fisheries such as aqua-culture for fish, crustaceans shrimps, lobster or
crabs.
• Introduction of new species in water bodies
• Large-scale Fish farming
• Introduction of new breeds of fish including Genetically Modified species

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 • Industrial fish processing and storage
v. Wildlife
• Introduction of new species
• Wildlife catching and trading
• Hunting
• Wildlife ranching and farming
• Zoo and sanctuaries
• Introduction of Genetically Engineered Species
• Fencing
• Translocation of wildlife
• New protected areas especially involving resettlement of communities

vi. Tourism and Recreational Development

• Construction of resort facilities or hotels along the shorelines of lakes, rivers,
islands, marine parks, and oceans as well as national parks, forest reserves etc.
• Hill top resort or hotel development
• Development of tourism or recreational facilities in protected and adjacent
areas (national parks, marine parks, forestry reserves etc.) or on islands and in
surrounding waters
• Hunting and capturing
• Camping activities walk ways and trails etc.
• Sporting and race tracts/sites
• Tour operations

vii. Energy Industry

• Production and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and hot water
• Exploration, Transmission, Development and Storage of natural gas
• Thermal power development such as coal
• Geothermal
• Hydro-power
• Nuclear energy
• Hydrogen energy
• Introduction of new technologies in the energy sector

viii. Petroleum Industry

• Oil and gas fields exploration and development, including seismic survey
• Construction of offshore and onshore pipelines
• Construction of oil and gas separation, processing, handling and storage
facilities
• Construction of oil refineries
• Construction of product depots for the storage of petrol, gas, diesel, tar and
other products within commercial, industrial or residential areas
• Transportation of petroleum products

ix. Food and Beverage Industries

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 • Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats
• Oil refinery and ginneries
• Processing, preservation and storage of meat and its products
• Manufacture of dairy products
• Brewing, distilling and malting
• Fish meal factories
• Slaughter - houses
• Soft drinks
• Tobacco processing
• Caned or bottled fruits etc
• Sugar factories
• Other agro-processing industries
• Genetically Modified organisms and products thereof

x. Textile Industry
• Cotton and Synthetic fibers
• Dye for cloth
• Ginneries
• Introduction of Genetically Modified products such clothes

xi. Leather Industry

• Tanning
• Tanneries
• Dressing factories
• Other cloth factories
• Introduction of GMO products such as shoes

xii. Wood, Pulp and Paper Industries

• Large-scale manufacture of veneer and plywood
• Large-scale manufacture of fiber board and of particle - board
• Large-scale manufacture of pulp, paper, sand-board cellulose – mills

xiii. Building and Civil Engineering Industries

• Industrial and housing estates
• Major urban projects such as multi-storey building, motor terminals, markets
etc.)
• Construction and expansion or upgrading of roads, harbors, highways, ship
yards, fishing harbors, landing sites air fields, airports, railways, pipelines etc.
• River drainage and flood control works
• Hydro-electric and irrigation dams
• Reservoir
• Storage of scrap metal
• Military installations
• Developments on beach fronts

63
xiv. Chemical Industries
• Manufacture, transportation, use and storage of pesticide or other hazardous
and or toxic chemicals
• Production of pharmaceutical products
• Storage facilities for petroleum, petrochemical and other chemical products
(i.e. filling stations)
• Production of paints vanishes, etc.
• Disposal of chemical wastes
• Manufacture of fertilizer, soap and detergents

xv. Extractive industry

• Extraction of petroleum
• Extraction and purification of natural gas
• Other deep drilling - bore-holes and wells
• Mining
• Salt pans

xvi. Non-metallic Industrial Products

• Manufacture of cement, asbestos, glass, glass-fiber, glass-wool
• Processing of rubber
• Plastic industry
• Lime manufacturing, tiles, ceramics

xvii. Metal and Engineering Industries

• Manufacture and assembly of motor–vehicles
• Manufacture and assembly of aero planes, ships, trains
• Manufacture and assembly of satellites
• Manufacture of other means of transport such as trailers, motor-cycles,
bicycles-cycles
• Body-building
• Boiler-making and manufacture of reservoirs, tanks and other sheet containers
• Foundry and forging
• Manufacture of non-ferrous products
• Iron and steel
• Electroplating

xviii. Waste Treatment and Disposal

(a) Toxic and Hazardous wastes
• Construction of Incineration plants
• Construction of recovery plant (off-site)
• Construction of waste water treatment plant (off-site)
• Construction of secure landfills facility
• Construction of storage facility (off - site)

64
 (b) Solid Wastes
• Construction of incineration plant
• Construction of composting plant
• Construction of recovery/re-cycling plant
• Construction of Solid Waste landfill facility
• Construction of waste depots
• Collection and transportation

(c) Sewage
• Construction of waste water treatment plant
• Construction of marine out fall
• Night soil collection transport and treatment
• Construction of sewage system

xix. Water Supply

• Canalization of water courses
• Diversion of normal flow of water
• Water transfers scheme
• Abstraction or utilization of ground and surface water for bulk supply
• Water treatment plants

xx. Health Projects

• Vector control projects (malaria, bilharzia, trypanosomes etc.)
• Construction and location of hospitals, dispensaries and health centers
• Construction and development of Pharmaceutical industries
• Construction or expansion of hospital with large bed capacity

xxi. Land Reclamation and Land Development

• Rehabilitation of degraded lands
• Coastal land reclamation
• Dredging of bars, greyones, dykes, estuaries etc.
• Spoil disposal
• Sea walls

xxii. Resettlement or Relocation of People and Animals

• Establishment of refugee camps
• Dam construction
• Establishment, expansion or rehabilitation of roads
• Change of land use such as mining, pastoralist against farmers
• Urban expansion

xxiii. Transport and Infrastructure

• Construction, expansion or rehabilitation of new trunk roads

65
 • Construction, expansion or rehabilitation of airports and airstrips and their
ancillary facilities
• Construction of new, or expansion to existing railway lines
• Construction of new, or expansion to existing shipyards or harbour facilities
• Installation and expansion of communication towers

xxiv. Electrical
and Electronic Industries
• Battery manufacturing
• Electronic equipment manufacturing and assembly

66
Annex 3: List of small-scale activities and enterprises that require registration (these are
regarded as low risk projects, which require partial assessment, some may be applicable to
PSSN II and in line with the risk screening form, will only require ESMP)

• Fish culture
• Bee-keeping
• Small animal husbandry and urban livestock keeping
• Horticulture and floriculture
• Wildlife catching and trading
• Production of tourist handicrafts
• Charcoal production
• Fuel wood harvesting
• Tree Nurseries
• Small enterprises
• Carpentry shops
• Wooden furniture and implement making
• Basket and other weaving
• Nuts and seeds for oil processing
• Bark for tanning processing
• Brewing and distilleries
• Taungya system
• Bio-gas plants
• Bird catching and trading
• Hunting
• Wildlife ranching
• Zoo and sanctuaries
• Tie and dye making
• Brick making
• Beach seining
• Sea weed Farming
• Graves and cemeteries
• Urban Livestock Keeping
• Urban agriculture
• Fish landing stations
• Wood carving and sculpture
• Schools, dispensaries, community centers, Schools, Social halls and play grounds
• Wood works e.g. boat building
• Market places
• Rain water harvesting
• Garages
• Carpentry
• Black smith.
• Tile manufacturing
• Kaolin manufacturing
• Vector control projects e.g. Malaria, Bilharzia, trypanosomes

67
 • Livestock stock routes
• Fire belts.
• Tobacco curing kilns
• Sugar refineries
• Artisanal and small-scale mining
• Rural road
• Bio-mass power development such as co-generation
• Wind -mills power development
• Solar power development
• Collection and transportation of waste

Activities which do not require an EIA Certificate – Zanzibar (Some may apply to PSSN
II)

1. Any domestic, private and non-commercial activity

2. Operating a small-scale shop

3. Operating a small-scale business employing few than 10 people

4. Operating tours, other than dives, and travel agencies

5. Engaging in rained agriculture over an area of less than 10 hectares

6. Operating a small-scale warehouse for storage of non-hazardous substances

7. Providing commercial clearing and forwarding services

8. Providing office and professional services

9. Operating service

10. Maintaining roads if the work does not involve upgrading or expansion of road

Activities which require an EIS – Zanzibar (Not applicable to PSSN II)

1. Developing a major residential area

2. Operating a manufacturing industry with hazardous waste and by-products

3. Operating a power generation plant

4. Operating an oil refinery

5. Operating a sewage treatment and disposal system

6. Operating a water supply system

7. Operating a solid waste disposal system

8. Developing an area in a port, harbors or marina

68
9. Reclaiming land

10. Developing hotels or resorts of 100 beds or more

11. Engaging in irrigated agriculture of 20 hectares or more

12. Engaging in aquaculture

13. Developing environmentally sensitive areas, including forests, mangroves, small

islets and water catchments

14. Degazetting an existing area protected under the laws of Zanzibar

69
 Annex 4: Fomu ya Kutambua Aina ya Mradi na Ushirikishwaji wa Jamii

1. Sehemu ya kwanza: Utambulisho

2. Jina la Mradi: ………………………………………………………....................
3. Sekta: ……………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Mkoa: ..................................................................................
5. Eneo la Mamlaka ya Utekelezaji: ...........................................
6. Kata: ……………………………………………………………...........................
7. Kijiji/Mtaa/Shehia: …………………………………………….....................

Sehemu ya pili: Maelezo ya Mradi

(a) Taja shughuli kuu za mradi zitakazo tekelezwa;

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Taja aina ya vifaa vitakavyotumika wakati wa utekelezaji wa mradi

i. ……………………………………………………….. vi. .....................................................................
ii. ……………………………………………………….. vii. ......................................................................
iii. ........................................................... viii. ......................................................................
iv. ........................................................... ix. ......................................................................
v. ........................................................... x. …………………………………………………………………..

(c) Taja faida gani kiuchumi na kijamii?

Faida za kiuchumi: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Faida za kijamii:
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................
Sehemu ya Pili: Mashauriano na wadau/Waathirika wa athari za Mazingira na Kijamii za Mradi
Angalizo: Ambatisha muhtasari ukionyesha tarehe, orodha ya watu/taasisi, namba za simu, saini zao na
mambo makuu yaliyojitokeza kwenye mchakato wa mashauriano.

70
 Maelezo kuhusu taarifa za mashauriano

i. Kuainisha Makundi ya wadau ambao watakao athirika kutokana na shughuli za mradi

Wadau Athari zinazotegemewa kwa wadau

Taasisi ya serikali (Soko, Shule, Hospitali, Ofisi ya
kijiji)
Nyinginezo zitaje: ….…………………………….
……………………………………………………………..
Taasisi isiyokuwa ya kiserikali
Mtu binafsi
Kikundi cha watu katika jamii

Kama kuna wadau wengine wataje:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Je wadau waliotajwa hapo juu walitambulikaje?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

ii. Elezea jinsi mashauriano yalivyofanyika.

Njia iliyotumika wakati wa kufanya mashauriano ni; (Weka alama ya vema panapo husika)
Mkutano ya hadhara wa kijiji/Mtaa/Shehia
Mkutano wa waathirika pekee
Majadiliano kwenye vikundi
Majadiliano na waathirika mmoja mmoja

Kama kuna njia nyingine taja:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....

71
iii. Masuala gani muhimu yaliyojadiliwa kwenye mashauriano hayo?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

Nathibitisha kwamba maelezo yaliyotolewa hapo juu ni sahihi:

Jina la Mwezeshaji aliyekusanya taarifa: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Cheo: ………………………………………..................................

Saini: ………………………………………………Tarehe: …………………………. Namba ya simu: ………………………………………….

Jina la Afisa Mtendaji wa Kijiji/Mtaa/Shehia: .......................................................................

Saini: ...................................................................Tarehe.........................................

Muhuri

72
Annex 5 Tathmini Ndogo Ya Athari Kwa Mazingira Na Kijamii (TAM)
A) Maelezo ya mradi
1. Jina la Mradi: ………………………………………………………..............
2. Sekta: ………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Mkoa: ..................................................................................
4. Eneo la Mamlaka ya Utekelezaji: ...........................................
5. Kata: ……………………………………………………………......................
6. Kijiji/Mtaa/Shehia: …………………………………………….................

B) Tathimini ya athari za mazingira2

Tathmini ya kimazingira
Geresho Athari Geresho Jinsi ya kukabiliana nayo

C) Tathimini ya athari za kijamii

Geresho Athari Geresho Jinsi ya kukabiliana nayo

2
Rejea kitini Namba 1 kilichoambatanishwa

73
Annex 6 Sample Matrix of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Sample Matrix of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)*

S/n Type of subproject Potential adverse Mitigation measures Responsibility Time frame Expected cost to
activity environmental and to implement undertake
social impacts mitigation mitigation measures
measures

Community access road - dust pollution - use of protective gears PAA Facilitators, During subprojects To be determined
- water pollution while working PAA Sector implementation during the subprojects
- soil erosion - sprinkle water to reduce Experts, CMC, micro-planning stage
dust Community
- avoid unstable areas with
steep slopes
- monitor people and
animal movement
- Re-plant of vegetation
Community water - water pollution - ensure proper disposal of PAA Facilitators, During subprojects To be determined
ponds - vegetation clearance wastes PAA Sector implementation during the subprojects
- loss of agricultural land - provide pit latrine at work Experts, CMC, micro-planning stage
- Risk of increased site Community
erosion - provide alternative land
- Land use and for agriculture
management issues - Provide drains in specific
- Conflicts over water areas where there are
use rights absolute need and no
- water related diseases sufficient measure to
reduce water runoffs and
erosion

74
S/n Type of subproject Potential adverse Mitigation measures Responsibility Time frame Expected cost to
activity environmental and to implement undertake
social impacts mitigation mitigation measures
measures

- Build drains where there

are natural water ways
Gully control and soil - Water pollution - Provide waterways to PAA Facilitators, During subprojects To be determined
erosion - Risk of accidents receive surface runoff PAA Sector implementation during the subprojects
- Plant vegetation/grasses Experts, CMC, micro-planning stage
on steep banks to prevent Community
erosion

*Note: This form will be completed during subprojects microplanning stage, for a specific subproject after it has been identified by the community. The
PWP Handbook will be used to guide site selection for the subprojects and the design of mitigation measure for the identified environmental and social
impacts.

The site selection for identified subproject will be based on physical assessment made by Sector Expert from PAA as guided by PWP Handbook.

This plan has been prepared by PAA Facilitator:

Name: ……………………………………………………… Position:………………........................ Signature....................………………. Date: ……………....................

Approved by PAA Environmental Officer:

Name: ……………………………………………………. Signature: ………………................................................... Date: …………………….................

75
76
 Annex 7 Environmental Checklist based on Subprojects Sectors
1. Introduction:

i. The PW subproject screening checklist for ESMF should be applied for PW

subprojects during micro-planning as well as during subproject implementation
stage.
ii. The user should put a tick mark in appropriate space correspond to
environmental/social impact of a subproject.
iii. During micro-planning the expected mitigation measure will be chosen
corresponding to predicted impact, meanwhile during implementation mitigation
measures applied to corresponding observed impact.
iv. The significance implies estimated level of impact to the community and is indicated
as H mean High impact level, M for Medium and L for low impact level.
v. The completed form should be certified and stamped by Sector Expert of respective
subproject and District EMO.
vi. The PAA will use the ESMF checklist according to subproject types present in the
PAA.

Community access roads

Subprojects types: New access (road) construction, foot bridges and culverts, Gravel/Earth road

Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures applied

Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code
use of protective gears while
CR 1.1
CR 1 dust pollution working
CR 1.2 sprinkle water to reduce dust
locate properly well to avoid
CR 2.1
contamination
CR 2 water pollution ensure proper disposal of
CR 2.2
wastes
CR 2.3 provide pit latrine at work site
avoid unstable areas with steep
CR 3.1
slopes
CR 3 soil erosion monitor people and animal
CR 3.2
movement
CR 3.3 Re-plant of vegetation
interfere vectors life cycle by
water related CR 4.1
CR 4 fish, etc
diseases
CR 4.2 use of bed nets and repellants
Increased Improve culvert/channels
CR 5 sediments into CR 5.1 design
culverts

77
Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures applied
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code
Continuous maintenance and
cleaning
Increased runoff Provision of adequate and
CR 6 and flooding CR 6,1 well-designed drainage
conditions channels
Creation of Rehabilitation of borrow pits
stagnant pools by filling or alternative use.
CR 7 CR 7.1
of water in left
borrow pits
Provision of Promotion
CR 8.1
Spread of materials
CR 8
HIV/AIDS Work with existing HIV/AIDS
CR 8.2
prevention programs

Small scale irrigation3

Subprojects type: Catch/cut-off drain, Micro ponds, river bed/permeable rock dams, small scale
drip irrigation, small scale surface irrigation, and hand dug wells

Impac Environmental Significanc Mit. Mitigation measures

t Code /Social Impact Predicte Observe e Code applied
d (v) d (v) H M L U
locate properly well to
IR 1.1
avoid contamination
ensure proper disposal of
IR 1 water pollution IR 1.2
wastes
provide pit latrine at work
IR 1.3
site
prepare tree nursery or
IR 2.1 source seedlings from
IR 2 vegetation clearance existing nursery
IR 2.2 replant of vegetation
provide alternative land
IR 3.1 for agriculture
Build drains in specific
areas where there are
loss of agricultural absolute need and no
IR 3 IR 3.2
land sufficient measure to
reduce water runoffs and
erosion
Build drains where there
IR 3.3 are natural water ways

3
Whenever the subproject involves using water from international waterways or transboundary tributaries,
that subproject shall not be considered for implementation under Public Works.
78
Impac Environmental Significanc Mit. Mitigation measures
t Code /Social Impact Predicte Observe e Code applied
d (v) d (v) H M L U
Provide waterways to
IR 4.1
receive surface runoff
Risk of increased
IR 4 Proper citing of irrigation
erosion IR 4.2
sub
IR 4.3 Avoid shifting cultivation
establish land use
guideline to avoid
potential conflict between
Land use and
IR 5 IR 5.1 land users (irrigation
management issues
project versus fishing
opportunities or nomadic
pastoralists)
Provide Water use rights
IR 6.1 guidelines to the
Conflicts over water community
IR 6
use rights Plan water intake
IR 6.2 according to available
water
Educate communities on
poor irrigation practices
IR 7.1
such as use of fertilizers
and pesticides
IR 7 Water pollution Monitor water quality
IR 7.2
through regular testing
Provide restriction
IR 7.3 guideline on domestic use
of irrigation water
Monitor water quality
IR 8.1
through testing
IR 8 Salinization Ensure proper drainage
IR 8.2 and soil salinity control
system
Clogging of drippers Provide regular flushing
IR 9 IR 9.1
due to particles of the irrigation system
Chewing of drippers Pests control measures
IR 10 IR 10.1
by rodents should be applied.
Locate and design the
Disturbance to
irrigation scheme to
IR 11 protected areas and IR 11.1
protect natural
natural habitats
environment
Shortage of water due Control water usage at a
IR 12 to decline in water IR 12.1 low level during dry
level in dry season season

79
 Agro forestry

Subproject type: Eyebrow basins, herring bones, improved pits, micro basins, micro trenches, water
collection trenches

Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures

Code /Social Impact (v) (v) Code applied
H M L U
vegetation AF 1.1 prepare tree nursery
AF 1
clearance AF 1.2 replant of vegetation
Restrict construction to
Loss of degraded areas, mostly in
AF 2 AF 2.1
productive land semi-arid and medium rainfall
areas with shallow soils.
Limit grazing around
AF 3 Land degradation AF 3.1
constructed structures
Risk of water Use mosquito protection
AF 4 related diseases, AF 4.1 methods e.g. nets and
e.g. malaria repellants
Compact soil during
AF 5.1
Risk of soil construction
AF 5
erosion Plant grasses between herring
AF 5.2
bones
Avoid building trenches during
AF 6.1
Risk of accidents rainy season
e.g. human and Install pegs to demarcate
AF 6 AF 6.2
/or animal falling working areas
in the trenches Provide a well-stocked first aid
AF 6.3
kit with trained personnel

Multi-purpose tree nursery

Subprojects types: Seed collection from woodlots, homesteads areas and forests, tree/shrub
seedlings and grass nurseries, Restoration of degraded land/area, Gully reshaping, filling and
revegetation,

Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures

Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code applied
vegetation TN 1.1 prepare tree nursery
TN 1 clearance TN 1.2 replant of vegetation
Dispose all wastes such as
Solid waste polythene bags, sacks used
TN 2 TN 2.1
generation for storing or planting
seedlings into an open pit
Establish more wells where
TN 3 TN 3.1
possible

80
Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code applied
Limited water Establish rain water
source for TN 3.2 harvesting facility, and
seedlings watering water retention mechanism
Use variety of multi-purpose
Unsuitable forest
TN 4 TN 4.1 and fast growing indigenous
production
trees
Introduction of Give preference to the use
exotic species of indigenous species
TN 5 over crowd/ choke TN 5.1
the indigenous
species
Fence the area to be
Human
TN 6 TN 6.1 restored and restrict access
interference
until restoration is achieved
Pollution of the Avoid use and/or manage
ground water, fertilizers or
TN 7 TN 7.1
surface water and pesticides/herbicides
habitats
Limit grazing around
TN 8 Land degradation TN 8.1
restoration area
Establish community land
Land use
use management guideline
TN 9 management TN 9.1
to address potential
issues
conflicts between land users
Social conflicts Prepare community
due to unclear guideline on ownership and
TN 10 TN 10.1
ownership of responsibilities
resources
Compact soil during
TN 11.1
construction
TN 11 Risk of soil erosion
Avoid areas with fragile
TN 11.2
and/or unstable soils/slopes

Soil and water conservation

Subproject types: Level soil bunds, level fanya juu, stone bunds, bench terraces, stone check dam,
gully reshaping, filling and re-vegetation.

Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation

Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code measures applied
Leave some
Temporary water
vegetation on ground
SW 1 logging in heavy SW 1.1
to help control water
soils
logging

81
 Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code measures applied
Level soil bunds to
SW 1.2 integrate with soil
fertility management
prepare tree nursery
vegetation SW 2.1 or source seedlings
SW 2
clearance from existing nursery
SW 2.2 replant of vegetation
Ensure that bunds,
terraces, dams are
level and well
SW 3.1
compacted and
constructed to avoid
Risk of soil erosion
soil erosion
due to breakage of
Provide waterways to
SW 3 structures (bunds, SW 3.2
receive surface runoff
terraces, stone
Plant
check dam)
vegetation/grasses on
SW 3.3
steep banks to
prevent erosion
Raise height of the
SW 3.4
dam if necessary
Sprinkle water to
SW 4.1
reduce dust
SW4 Dust pollution
Provide protective
SW 4.2
masks to workers
Educate on
SW5 Population influx SW 5.1 sustainable use of
resources
Provide temporary
SW 6.1
Land pollution from toilets
SW6
wastes Provide waste
SW 6.2
disposal pit at the site
Ensure trees are
planted in places of
SW 7.1
High demand of fragile areas where
SW7 stones stones were fetched
Provision of
SW 8.1
Promotion materials
SW8 Spread of HIV/AIDS Work with existing
SW 8.2 HIV/AIDS prevention
programs
Rotate crops
SW9 Loss of soil fertility SW 9.1 Use correct type and
quantity of fertilizer
SW10 Terrace collapse SW 10.1 Regular maintenance

82
 Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code measures applied
Ensure enough
SW 10.2
vegetation on banks
Restrict access of
Increased soil SW 11.1 water to a particular
erosion as access point
SW11
people/animals Raise community
access water SW 11.2 awareness through
sensitization meetings
Risks of water Use of malaria control
SW12 related diseases SW 12.1 techniques, e.g. nets,
e.g. malaria repellants
Sensitize on use of
Risks of water-
safe drinking water,
SW13 borne diseases e.g. SW 13.1
e.g. boil water before
cholera, typhoid
use
establish land use
guideline to avoid
potential conflict
Land use and
between land users
SW14 management SW 14.1
(domestic users versus
issues
fishing opportunities
or nomadic
pastoralists)

Water and environmental conservation

Subproject types: Earth dams, charco dams, pans and ponds.

Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures

Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code applied
Loss of land taken Community to provide
up by the pond alternative land for
WE 1 WE 1.1
/reservoir and its PAPs
spillway(s)
Introduce fish to eat
vector larvae
Risk of increased Fencing to restrict
water related uncontrolled access
WE 2 diseases e.g. WE 2.1 and unintended use of
malaria, bilharzias, water
typhoid etc. Use of protective
equipment e.g. nets,
repellants
Risk of soil erosion Ensure that dams are
WE 3 WE 3.1
due to breakage of level and well

83
 Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code applied
structures (earth compacted and
dams, charco constructed to avoid
dams) soil erosion
Provide waterways to
WE 3.2
receive surface runoff
Plant
vegetation/grasses on
WE 3.3
steep banks to prevent
erosion
Raise height of the dam
WE 3.4
if necessary
Provide water access at
appropriate place, and
WE 3.5
restrict uncontrolled
access.
Risk of floods to Properly design of dam
WE 4 nearby WE 4.1 wall and spillways
communities
Proper soil
WE 5.1 conservation e.g. tree
planting,
Increased siltation Application of
WE 5 that shorten dams appropriate farming
lifetime e.g. terrace bunds,
WE 5.2
contour bunds along
mountain slopes in
catchment area
Downstream users Restrict uncontrolled
deprived of water use that prompt water
WE 6 or subjected to WE 6.1 pollution and sediment
pollution or generation
sediment load
Sprinkle water to
WE 7.1
Dust pollution reduce dust
WE 7
during construction Provide protective
WE 7.2
masks to workers
Educate on sustainable
WE 8 Population influx WE 8.1
use of resources
Provide temporary
WE 9.1
Land pollution from toilets
WE 9
wastes Provide waste disposal
WE 9.2
pit at the site
Provision of Promotion
WE 10 Spread of HIV/AIDS WE 10.1
materials

84
 Impact Environmental Predicted Observed Significance Mit. Mitigation measures
Code /Social Impact (v) (v) H M L U Code applied
Work with existing
WE 10.2 HIV/AIDS prevention
programs
WE 11.1 Regular maintenance
Earth dam, charco
WE 11 Ensure enough
dam collapse WE 11.2
vegetation on banks
Restrict access of water
Increased soil WE 12.1 to a particular access
erosion as point
WE 12
people/animals Raise community
access water WE 12.2 awareness through
sensitization meetings
Risks of water Use of malaria control
WE 13 related diseases WE 13.1 techniques, e.g. nets,
e.g. malaria repellants
Risks of water- Sensitize on use of safe
WE 14 borne diseases e.g. WE 14.1 drinking water, e.g. boil
cholera, typhoid water before use
establish land use
guideline to avoid
potential conflict
Water use and
between land/water
WE 15 management WE 15.1
users (domestic users
issues
versus fishing
opportunities or
nomadic pastoralists)

85
Annex 8 Subproject Safeguards Reporting Format

SUBPROJECT SAFEGUARDS REPORTING FORMAT

(END OF IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD)

(To be completed by PAA facilitator)

Name of PAA : ………………………………………………

Number of Village : ………………………………………………
Number of Subproject : ………………………………………………
1. Introduction
[Summary of subproject information, number of beneficiaries and gender distribution]

2. Environmental and Social Safeguards Status

[Brief summary of environmental and social issues, Land acquisition and access to resources, Participation of
the community and Vulnerable Groups, Climate Change issues, Safety at work place grievances redressing
mechanism and the Sanitation facilities in sub project]

2.1. Environmental and social impacts and mitigation measure

[A detailed description of environmental and social impacts of subprojects and respective measures to mitigate.
The narrative report should be supported by an impact – mitigation measure matrix indicating subproject impact
and respective mitigation measures. The matrix should contain the following headings]:
S/n Subproject Expected Impact (as per Actual Impact Mitigation measure
micro planning)

2.2. Land acquisition and access to resources

[A detailed description of status of land ownership and acquisition method, size of land taken, coordinates of the
area by Geographical Information System (GIS) and availability of such land for future use. The report should
contain information on any change made to status of land ownership and use]. The land issues should be
summarized in following headings:
S/n Subproject Ownership status Acquisition Land size GIS Availability in
method position next 2yrs

2.3. Community Participation and

[A detailed description focus on key issues such as meetings convened for discussion on subproject issues, types
of groups represented, key resolutions, gender representation, inclusion of Disadvantaged communities and
general attendance in all period of implementation].

2.4. Sustainability Plan

[A detailed description indicating committed support during micro-planning, implementation, and operation and
maintenance period. The support expected from the community, Village Council and PAA includes; provision of

86
technical support, tools storage, and supervision of assets created. The description should also indicate
community involvement towards monitoring outcome of implemented mitigation measures].

2.5. Climate Change issues

[A detailed description of report on climate change effects to subproject, special focus on occurrence of floods
and extreme drought in areas of subproject implementation].

2.6. Safety at work place

[a detailed description on measures taken to ensure safety at work place, indicating availability of personal
protective equipment, their types and quantity. Including incidence of an accident occurrences (if any) and
measures taken].
S/n Type of protective Specifications Quantity Number of
gear/equipment’s obsolete
protective gear

2.7. Grievances redressing mechanism

[a detailed description of reported complains and methods used to address them, level at which the complains
were resolved or referred to (VC, PAA, or TMU), this includes number and type of complains reported and
respective solutions. Table below should be used to summarize grievances redressing mechanism]
S/n Type of complains reported Number of Level at which reported Resolved at / referred
complains to4

2.8. Sanitation facilities

[a description focusing management of sanitation issues at the subprojects area indicating presence of sanitation
facilities (toilets, washing and solid waste disposal facilities) corresponding to the number of beneficiaries].
S/n Type of sanitary facility Number of facility presence Number of beneficiaries
Male Female

2.9. Lessons Learned

2.10. Implementation challenges

2.11. Way forward

4
This refers to VC, Ward, PAA or TMU
87
Annex 11 Risk Assessment and Severity Index Matrices
RISK ASSESSMENT AND SEVERITY INDEX MATRICES
The risk assessment is estimated by determination of severity index. The severity index is a
factor of Probability of occurrence and Impact may be caused. The Probability and impact
are ranked as indicated in Table below:

Probability Impact
A Common 1 Fatality or permanent disability
B Has happened 2 Major injury
C Could happen 3 Average lost time injury
D Not likely 4 Minor injury
E Practically impossible 5 Medical treatment only or less

The Probability – Impact index is as provided on matrix below:

PI Index Probability
A B C D E
1 1 2 4 7 11
2 3 5 8 12 16
Impact

3 6 9 13 17 20
4 10 14 18 21 23
5 15 19 22 24 25

The severity of the risk is ranked under 3 main categories; high, medium and low. The
ranking provide indication of what measures to be taken to mitigate risk in case it happens.

PI Index Ranking Response required

no 1 – 6 HIGH Very serious concern, of high priority, take immediate action and
review regularly
7 – 15 MEDIUM Moderate concern, steady improvement needed and possibly
review biannually
16 - 25 LOW Low concern, occasional monitoring, tolerate, continue with
existing measures and review annually

88
 Risk Assessment
Risk PI Control Measures/Procedures/
No. Description of Risk Probability Impact Index Methods to Manage the Risk
Description Resp
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

89
 Annex 12: Stakeholder Engagement Plan

Time frame (in year)

Program Phase Type of Consultation Yr Yr Yr Yr Yr Expected Monitoring

stakeholder method 0 1 2 3 4 outcome indicator

1 Pre-inception PAA SE, Focus group Full participation Minutes of the

period LGA, Public/ Discussions of PAAs on design meetings
villagers (FGD), and
meetings, implementation
Information
Education and
Communicati
on (IEC)
Materials

Beneficiaries, IEC Extends program Minutes of

VGs Materials, knowledge to FGD,
FGD, beneficiaries disseminated
meetings IEC materials

Disadvantaged IEC Consultation with Consultation

communities Materials, VGs to get views reports, Minutes
FGD, public in respective areas, of the meetings,
meetings Have adequate Number of VGs
involvement of
VGs in the
Program

Ministries, Information Attain needed Minutes of the

Development sharing support from other meetings
Partners (DPs) session, work stakeholders,
sessions on systematic
guidelines engagement of
review stakeholders

2 Targeting/enrolm VCs/Shehia, IEC Full participation Minutes of

ent/ PAAs SE, Materials, of community on FGD,
recertification FGD, Program design disseminated
meetings and IEC materials
implementation

Beneficiaries, IEC Full participation Minutes of

VGs Materials, on design and FGD,
FGD, implementation disseminated
meetings IEC materials

PAAs FGD, Ensured adequate Minutes of

meetings support from FGD,
PAAs implementation
reports

90
 Time frame (in year)

Program Phase Type of Consultation Yr Yr Yr Yr Yr Expected Monitoring

stakeholder method 0 1 2 3 4 outcome indicator

3 Implementation PAAs IEC Full participation Minutes of

phase Materials, on design, imple- FGD,
FGD, mentation and disseminated
meetings participatory IEC materials,
monitoring implementation
reports

Participants, IEC Full participation Minutes of

VGs and Materials, of community on FGD,
DisComs FGD, Program design, disseminated
meetings implementation IEC materials
and monitoring.

VCs/ Shehia IEC Provide needed Minutes of

Materials, support to Program FGD, meetings,
FGD, implementation disseminated
meetings and participatory IEC materials
monitoring

NGOs, CBOs IEC Full participation Minutes of

Materials, on design, FGD,
FGD, implementation disseminated
meetings and participatory IEC materials
monitoring

DPs Meetings, Provide needed Report from

JRISM support to Program meetings,
design, missions
implementation executed
and participatory
monitoring

4 Decommissionin NGOs, CBOs IC Materials, Have adequate Minutes of

g/ pre-design of FGD, involvement in the FGD,
successive phase meetings Program disseminated IC
of the Program decommissioning materials

Participants, IEC Full participation Minutes of

VGs and Materials, on decom- FGD,
DisComs FGD, missioning disseminated
meetings IEC materials

PAAs IEC Full participation Minutes of

Materials, on decom- FGD,
FGD, missioning disseminated
meetings IEC materials
and
implementation
report

91
Annex 13: Grievance Reporting Form

Grievance Reference Number (to be filled in by [name ]):

Contact Details Name:
Address:
Tel:
e-mail:
How would you prefer to be By post By phone By email
contacted?
Details of your grievance. Please describe the problems, how it happened, when, where and
how many times, as relevant

What is your suggested resolution for the grievance?

How to submit this form By Post to: …………………

to By hand: please drop this form at …….
By e-mail: Please email your grievance, suggested resolution
and preferred contact details to:

signature Date

92
Annex 14: Sample Grievance Resolution Form

Name (of Complaint): __________________________________

ID Number: _________________________________ (PAPs ID number)
Contact Address: __________________________________ (Village; mobile phone)
Nature of Grievance or
Complaint:________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Date Individuals Contacted Summary of Discussion

________________ __________________ ___________________________

Signature____________________________________________ Date: ____________

Signed (of Complainant): _____________________________________________

Name of Person Filing Complaint: ________________________________________( if
different from complainant)
Position or Relationship to Filer: _________________________________________

Review/Resolution
Date of Conciliation Session: _________________________________________________
Was complainant Present? Yes No
Was field verification of complaint conducted? Yes No
Findings of field investigation:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Summary of Conciliation Session

Discussion: _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Issues __________________________________________________________________

Was agreement reached on the issues? Yes No

93
If agreement was reached, detail the agreement below:
If agreement was not reached, specify the points of disagreement below:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Signed (Arbitrator): ___________________________Signed (Complainant):

Signed: ___________________________
Independent Observer

Date: ___________________________

94
 Annex 15: Capacity building plan
s/n Activity Sub Targeted group Responsible Timeline Estimated
description activities budget
description
1 Awareness Community VC, CMCs, Program VCs, PAA During commencement 105,000
raising Meetings Participants, Facilitators, and throughout the
community members program implementation
Focus Group VC, CMCs, Program VCs, PAA Throughout Program 80,000
Discussions Participants, Facilitators, implementation as the
community members need arises
2 Trainings Training SET, TMU, PAA TMU During commencement 150,000
during Facilitators of Program
Program implementation
rollout
Training SET, TMU, PAA TMU Continuously 350,000
during Facilitators throughout Program life
Program time as the need arise.
implementati
on
3 Monitoring Backstoppin PAA Facilitators, TMU, SET, Continuously 250,000
g activities participants. PAAs, throughout Program life
community time

95
Annex 16: Stakeholder Engagement During PSSN II Preparation stage

1. Preamble
Introduction:
Consultation was done at community level to beneficiaries and general public, which mainly
aimed at; 1) to collect information on the Program that would be taken as key lesson learnt
through the implementation of PSSN I, and with those 2) inform the design of PSSN II. The
PSSN II Project Preparation Team (PPT) made a site visits to selected PAAs to collect
stakeholder views on proposed design elements for the new Program phase. Among the
components discussed during the consultation meetings, environmental and social safeguard
was one of area identified for feedback as well as input into PSSN design.

Objective
The objective of Stakeholder consultation was to gather relevant information on
implementation of the Program which will be used to inform the PSSN II design. During the
Stakeholder consultation Process consultation were done to stakeholders to various Program
participants, village leaders, and general public at community level.

Methodology:
This information was gathered through Focus Groups Discussions (FGD) and General
Assembly meetings with community members, including their leaders, NGOs, CBOs, and
affected persons. Discussions focused on potential positive and negative impacts of
implementing PSSN I program and measures to enhancing positive impacts; and
strategies/options to minimize and/or mitigate negative impacts. The meetings also focused
on key issues for priority during the design of PSSN II, which include the stakeholder
engagement strategies and meaningful community participation into Program activities. The
Stakeholder Consultation was also made to most vulnerable groups in the Program, which
include women-headed households, children, elderly, and disadvantaged communities.

2. Key Issues Discussed During Consultation Meetings

On undertaking Stakeholder consultation, information on key issues was discussed as
indicated below:

Meetings with PAAs stakeholders: the meeting with PAA stakeholder was convened to
obtain stakeholder views, sharing experience and lessons learnt in the course of Program
implementation. Other discussed issues include categories of VGs exist in this area, PAA
capacity and gaps in implementing ESMF RPF and VGPF, and secondary data on social
cultural status, including list of NGOs/CBOs working with the communities.

96
Meetings with village key representatives: The consultation meetings were carried out with
village representatives – Village Chairperson, Village Councilors (VCs), Village Executive
Officers (VEO) and Community Management Committees (CMCs) of the Program, who
shared Program implementation progress and challenges encountered. Subjects for discussion
included among other, social cultural characteristics of the community, main source of
livelihood, customary consultation methods and gender aspects in consultation. Other issues
discussed include access to land and other natural resources, needed improvements for
ensuring effective participation and benefits of VG on the program are safeguarded.

Village assembly meetings: the village assembly gathered feedback from all community
members on the implementation of the Program and highlighted areas for improvement during
the PSSN II implementation period. During the meeting discussion focused on feedback from
the meeting with key representatives and individual opinions on environmental and social
aspects of the Program.

3. Stakeholder Consultation Key Findings

A number of key findings were recorded during the stakeholder consultation for PSSN II.
Among the most prominent ones include:

(i) Common Consultation and Participation Methods at Community Level

The community members should be consulted through recognized channels of communication

depending on the type of the group in focus. For normal community members consultation is
done through Village administration. Consultation of people in in specified groups can be
organized by the Village Chairman, Village Executive Officer (VEO) or the VC members.
The Disadvantaged Communities group, consultation is done through respective community
leader; the Hadzabe having Mkuu wa Kambi as the leader of the community while the Datoga
is through clan leader. When approaching these communities, the cultural community leaders
are consulted and informed of intend of having a meeting with entire community. The leader
is then call for a meeting by sending a person to each household informing of the meeting.
When the community gathers, normally under a special tree, the meeting is convened and an
interpreter translates to local language.

For Hadzabe communities, most of the consultations are done in Swahili which is well known
to them; meanwhile the Datoga communities an interpreter is necessary for ease
understanding.

(ii) Usefulness of community session on advocating social safeguard

Community sessions carried out during every payment time highly promoted the application
of social safeguards procedures as it served as the most suitable avenue of disseminating
97
information to beneficiaries on most appropriate use of benefits that may be accrued through
received payments. In this connection, most of expected negative social impacts that would
result from cash payments such as Gender-Based Violence (GBV), incoherent family
situations and petty crimes among beneficiaries’ households were significantly alleviated.
Community sessions also provided guidance on proper use of cash transferred so as enable
beneficiary households improve their livelihood.

(iii) Maintenance of cultural values and identity

The VGs in subgroup of Disadvantaged Communities (DisComs) have particular traditions

and culture that needs to be preserved to safeguard community values. Among objectives of
PSSN implementation include fighting poverty yet safeguarding environmental and social
values of the community. Implementation of the Program includes the DisComs, addressing
poverty in their communities and conserves tradition and culture. It was observed that the
Program did not deny or avert the rights of DisComs practicing cultural activities, hence
encouraged them to continue with their activities and at the same time being beneficiaries of
the PSSN. This makes the Program accepted in different cultures.

(iv) Land ownership and tenure

With reference to nature of the Program beneficiaries, availability, acquisition and ownership
of land has been observed as a challenging issue, especially to subsistent farmers who lack
own land, and hunter-gatherer communities which wander in forests looking for food and
shelter. Steps has been taken to register specific areas of land which is allocated for hunter-
gatherer communities, meanwhile the subsistent farmers continue to rent land for their private
farming activities.

(v) Sources of income for economic activities

Subsistence farming and animal keeping are the main source of livelihood in the villages. The
project offered an opportunity for the beneficiaries to have incomes which allows participating
on the economic activities such as animal keeping, farming, joining savings and credit scheme
and starting small business.

(vi) Increase availability of water

Water is a key resource and vital for sustaining life, the implemented PW subproject of
construction of water ponds has reducing the shortage of water in the villages because the
ponds are used for the different purposes such as domestic and animal use. During the
discussions it was revealed that water ponds constructed were largely done in such a way that
they do not pose environmental and social risks in the community because bylaws on the water
use agreed by the community are followed properly, hence there are no reported cases of water
borne diseases.

(vii) Children wellbeing (health, education and nutrition issues)

98
Challenges on children health, nutrition issues and education are similarly experienced by all
Program beneficiaries. Much has been noted as improvement due to efforts made to insist on
health and education compliance conditions. Due to limited child caring capacity by elderly,
children wellbeing has been a challenging issue as some children are deprived with rights of
access to proper health care, education and adequate nutrition.

4. Recommended Actions
It was recommended that the design of PSSN II should work to enhance the Program core
values observed to promote community development meanwhile safeguarding environment
and social aspects of participants and entire community. It was further recommended that there
should be a strengthened technical assistance at PAA level to enable the Program subproject
activities adequately comply with safeguards requirements as stipulated in ESMF, RPF and
VGPF. During consultation meetings it was also suggested that safeguards tools should be
simplified for ease of documentation procedures.

99
Sample Minutes from Focus Group Discussion and Special Village Assembly Meeting;

Minutes of Focus Group Discussion at Qangdend Village, Karatu District

100
101
102
103
Minutes Special Village Assembly Meeting at Qangdend Village, Karatu District

104
105
106
Sample of Photos taken at various meetings during the stakeholders engagements

Special Village Assembly Meeting at Kinua Village, Kiteto District, On the Right Ward Councillor
Honourable …….addressing the meeting.

107
 Meeting with Barbaig Communities at Mureri village, Hanang District, on the left a participant gives
his opinions

PAA staff met during Stakeholders engagement exercise

i. Kiteto PAA
Sn NAME SEX TITLE TELEPHONE
Tamim Kamboma M District Executive Director

Philipo Sengela M PSSN Coordinator 0784842550

1
Thomaides Aloyce M PSSN Accountant 0682554313
2
3 Stephen Mafulu M PAA Facilitator 0713673326
4 Emanuel Makundi M PAA Facilitator 0685266914
5 Dickson Maramoko M PAA Facilitator 0784516139
6 Delila Mlay F PAA Facilitator 0787380469

Ismail Said M PAA Facilitator 0676471325

7
Evelyne Mbwilo F PAA Facilitator 0756421444
8
Janeth Paulo F PAA Facilitator 0787575779
9
10 Rehema Mwinyipembe F PAA Facilitator 0756255624

11 Janeth Kawau F PAA Facilitator 9769391137

12 Kishari Shegella M TMO 0713330377

12 Tomoy Parkevu M Driver

ii. Hanang PAA

SN NAME SEX TITLE TELEPHONE

1 Brayson Kibassa M District Executive Director
2 Neema Onesmo F TMO 0716841906

3 Sabina Sulle F PSSNC 0784874296

4 Stephen Yonah M Facilitator 0688610060
5 Nelson Frank M Facilitator 0746107498
6 Rose Makange F Facilitator 0685541956
7 Sauli Msabaha M Facilitator 0686512313

108
8 Gaudensi Vitalisi M Facilitator 0785456182
9 Doris h.Ng’homange F DCDO 0784375163
10 vincent m. mshana M Facilitator 0784869764
11 victoria s. Gelle F Facilitator 0783470008
12 Silvan Doita M pssna 0685298217
13 Suzan Mrema F Facilitator 0755164927
14 Janeth Mollel F Facilitator 0767668239
15 Elias Mao M Facilitator 0787451492
16 Ramla k. Mang’ola F Facilitator 0784691725
17 Philemon Wayimba M Facilitator 0784745459

iii. Mbulu PAA

Sn NAME SEX TITLE TELEPHONE
Moses Nguvava M PSSN Coordinator 0784032595

Aniceth Kyaruzi TMO

Grace Merus F 0765898193

Irene Ringo F PAA Facilitator 0769663472

Angela Gwangway F PAA Facilitator 0693323714

Delvina Moshi F PAA Facilitator 0784759767

Patricia Malley F PAA Facilitator 0621542956

Matiko Maro M PAA Facilitator 0684683647

Ezekiel Assecheck M PAA Facilitator 0784346382

Veronica Paskal F PAA Facilitator 0789643399

Godwin Kileo M PAA Facilitator 0784927449

Emanuel Maro M PAA Facilitator 0788661183

Juma Kilimba M PAA Facilitator 0784913068
Kingo Makimbuli M PAA Facilitator 0684729666
Albert Mwaulambo M PAA Facilitator 0787750077

109
Sample of list of participants during the Stakeholders engagement exercise
8.5.1 List of participants during the Focus Group Discussion with Alkie Community

110
111
112
Annex 17: Map of National Parks and major protected areas in Tanzania

113