Question N 1

Refer to figure.
Which one of the figures most accurately represents the great circle route from A to B
on a Polar Stereographic chart?

A Figure D

B Figure A

C Figure B

D Figure C

Question N 2
Refer to figure.
Which one of the following routes represents the greatest difference between the rhumb
line and the great circle on a Polar Stereographic chart?
A CD

B AB

C EF

D GH

Question N 3
An aircraft is flying from point A (45°S 010°W) to point B (45°S 030°W), using the
autopilot connected to the aircraft's inertial system. What is the true course of the
aircraft on its arrival at B, to the nearest degree?

A 284º
B 270º

C 263º

D 277º

Question N 4
The great circle bearing from A (70°S, 030°W) to B (70°S, 060°E) is approximately…

A 048°

B 132°

C 090°

D 312°

Question N 5
What is the initial track direction of a straight line on a Polar Stereographic chart when
flying from position A (83°N,130°E) to position B (83°N, 160°W).

A 020° (T)

B 125° (T)

C 055°(T)

D 090°(T)

Question N 6
The difference between the initial true track of the great circle on the surface of the
Earth joining two positions A and B (of unequal northern latitude and eastern
longitude) and the true track of arrival at B is equal to..
A half of the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.

B half of the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.

C the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.

D the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.

Question N 7
What is the formula used to calculate convergency between two positions relatively
close to each other? Convergency = Difference in..

A longitude x cos (mean latitude)

B latitude x sin (mean longitude)

C longitude x sin (mean latitude)

D latitude x cos (mean longitude)

Question N 8
On a Lambert Conformal Chart with standard parallels at 40°N and 55°N, the initial
track angle of an airway from point A (54°N 015°W) to Aalborg (57°N 010°E) is
068°(T).
Determine the arrival track at Aalborg:

A 050°(T)

B 068°(T)

C 086°(T)

D 093°(T)
Question N 9
An aircraft, in the southern hemisphere, receives a QDM from an NDB station of 220°.
Variation at the station is 19ºW and variation at the aircraft is 5ºE. The convergency
between the station and the aircraft is 12º. What bearing would you plot on a Mercator
chart from the meridian passing through the station?

A 051º

B 231º

C 225º

D 045º

Question N 10
An aircraft is flying from A (24°32’N, 166°36’W) to B (32°46’N, 173°20’E).The rhumb
line track is 295° (T). Determine the initial great circle track (°T):

A 285.4°

B 290.2°

C 299.8°

D 304.6°

Question N 11
Which statement about the vertex of a great circle is always true? In the vertex the True
Track...

A reaches its minimum value.

B can be 090º, 180º, 270º or 360º.

C is 090° or 270°.
D is equal to TT departure + TT arrival / 2.

Question N 12
The distance of the great circle track between the positions (60ºN 010ºE) and (60ºN
010ºW) is 597.5 NM. Which statement is true concerning the difference in distance of
the great circle track and the rhumb line track between the positions (50ºS 170ºE) and
(50ºS 170ºW)?

A Equal to 0

B Equal to 2.5 NM

C Less than 2.5 NM

D More than 2.5 NM

Question N 13
You are flying from point A (25° 35'N, 178° 25'E) to point B (32° 45'N, 165° 26'W).
What is the angle between the great circle and the rhumb line at point A?

A 7.87°

B 14.10°

C 7.05°

D 3.94°

Question N 14
Two positions at the same latitude are marked on an aeronautical chart and the
meridians at those positions converge with an angle of 30°. The effect of this
convergence is that the true track of…
A rhumb line track between both positions will be either 090º (T) or 270º (T).

B the rhumb line and great circle route between those two positions will differ by 30° at either
position.

C the great circle route between those two positions will change by 30°.

D the rhumb line route between those two positions will change by 30°.

Question N 15
A pilot is planning a flight from position X to position Z via the shortest distance
between X and Z.Given the following information, calculate the final true track
between the two positions.
Position X: 37°N, 010°E
Position Z: In the northern hemisphere, but exact coordinates are NOT provided.
Convergency between X and Z: 20°
Initial true track direction: 122°

A 102°

B 132°

C 112°

D 142°

Question N 16
The rhumb line track from A 53° 50’N, 006° 55’E to B 53° 00’N, 015 40’E is
099°.Calculate the final True Track along the great circle.

A 096°

B 106°

C 103°
D 092°

Question N 17
An aircraft is flying from waypoint A (32°35'S, 168°12'E) to waypoint B (32°35'S,
165°48'W). Determine the great circle track (°T) on arrival at waypoint B:

A 083°

B 097°

C 263°

D 277°

Question N 18
Given the following information:
A: 46º20'N, 005º40'W
B: 62º40'N, 013º55'E
Calculate to the nearest whole degree, the value of earth convergence between positions
A and B.

A 24º

B 16º

C 11º

D 8º

Question N 19
An aircraft follows a great circle in the Northern Hemisphere. At a certain moment the
aircraft is in the position on the great circle where the great circle direction is 270°(T).
Continuing on the great circle the
A track angle will decrease and the latitude will decrease.

B track angle will increase and the latitude will increase.

C track angle will increase and the latitude will decrease.

D track angle will decrease and the latitude will increase.

Question N 20
A great circle track is drawn on a Lambert chart between positions X and Z in the
Northern Hemisphere. The Great Circle true track at position X is measured as 300°,
while at position Z, it is measured as 291°. If the constant of the cone of the chart is
0,809, what is the longitude difference between position X and Z?

A 011°07'

B 003°38'

C 007°17'

D 005°34'

Question N 21
A straight line is drawn on an aeronautical chart and the true track between two
positions at different latitudes on that line changes by 28°. What does this mean?

A The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

B The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.

C The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

D The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.
Question N 22
A pilot is planning a flight from position C to position D.Given the following
information, calculate the rhumb-line true track direction between the two positions.
Position C: 20°N, 012°E
Position D: 26°N, 030°E
Great circle initial true track direction: 067°

A 071°

B 077°

C 075°

D 068°

Question N 23
If an aircraft flies along a VOR radial it will follow a:

A rhumb line track

B constant magnetic track

C great circle track

D line of constant bearing

Question N 24
An aircraft is flying from (60°N, 050°W) to (50°N, 060°W) with a rhumb line track of
209.7°. The initial great circle track is (1) _____ and the final great circle track is (2)
_____.

A (1) 213.8°; (2) 205.6°

B (1) 217.9°; (2) 201.5°

C (1) 205.6°; (2) 213.8°

D (1) 201.5°; (2) 217.9°

Question N 25
What statement is correct as regards the properties of a Great Circle?

A Both vertices of a great circle are situated at the same distance respectively North and South of the
Equator and 180° apart in longitude.

B Both vertices of a great circle are positioned at the same latitude and 180° apart in longitude on the
same hemisphere.

C The intersection point of a great circle and the Equator are named "the vertices", which are
positioned 180° apart in longitude.

D The latitudes of both vertices are of different values, the longitudes are equal although respectively
East and West.

Question N 26
An aircraft is flying from A (50°S, 040°W) to B (60°S, 050°W). The initial great circle
track is 206°. What will be the rhumb line track when passing 045°W?

A 202°

B 198°

C 214°

D 210°

Question N 27
Which statement about the vertex of a great circle is true? In the vertex the..
A great circle reaches its highest longitude.

B True Track reaches its maximum value.

C True Track reaches its minimum value.

D great circle reaches its highest latitude.

Question N 28
Crossing the North Atlantic on a westbound track from position X (62°N, 020°W) to
position Y (63°N, 030°W), the average true track is 282.2°. On a Lambert chart with
standard parallels at 75°N and 30°N, the direction of the straight line is
approximately…

A 274° at position Y

B 278° at position X

C 282° at position Y

D 286° at position X

Question N 29
A great circle intersects the Equator in 030°W with a great circle direction of
035°(T).An aircraft tracking the great circle will reach the maximum Northern/Southern
latitude at position…

A 35°S, 120°W.

B 55°S, 060°E.

C 55°N, 060°E.

D 35°N, 120°W.
Question N 30
Given:
Position A: 25°15´N, 010°25´W
Position B: 25°15´N, 005°20´E
What is the Earth convergency between both positions?

A 6.72°

B 7.12°

C 3.36°

D 14.25°

Question N 31
Refer to figure.
With reference to the attached annex, which of the given angles depicts the conversion
angle?
A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

Question N 32
The great-circle distance between A (30°N, 010°W) and B (30°N, 020°E) is 1554.3
NM. What is the difference between the great-circle distance and the rhumb-line
distance between C (40°N, 010°W) and D (40°N, 020°E)?

A 0 NM.

B less than 4.5 NM.

C 4.5 NM.

D greater than 4.5 NM.

Question N 33
Which statement is true about small circles?

A All rhumb lines are special cases of small circles.

B The centre of a small circle does not coincide with the centre of the Earth.

C The centre of each small circle is situated on the Earth’s axis.

D The largest small circle possible has a radius which equals the Earth’s radius.

Question N 34
Consider any two positions with a difference in Longitude of 7º. The proportional
difference between the rhumb line distance and the great circle distance between the
two positions increases with…

A decreasing Latitude.

B increasing altitude.

C increasing Latitude.

D decreasing convergence.

Question N 35
When flying on a westerly great circle track in the southern hemisphere, the..

A rhumb line track between the departure point and the destination will always be on the left.
B true track will decrease.

C track will spiral and finally end up at the South Pole.

D true track will increase.

Question N 36
How many small circles can be drawn between any two points on a sphere?

A One.

B Two.

C An unlimited number.

D None.

Question N 37
An aircraft is flying from A(60°N, 060°W) to B(60°N,070°W). The true great circle
track, when passing 064°W will be…

A 270.0°

B 265.7°

C 270.8°

D 277.8°

Question N 38
A pilot is flying from A 60°S, 165°W to B 60°S, 177°E. What is the angle between the
initial true great circle track and the true rhumb line track?
A 5.2°

B 15.6°

C 7.8°

D 9°

Question N 39
Which formula is used to calculate the convergency between two positions relatively
close to each other? Convergency = Difference in longitude in..

A minutes x cos (mean latitude).

B degrees x sin (mean latitude).

C degrees x cos (mean latitude).

D minutes x sin (mean latitude).

Question N 40
The great circle distance between position A 59°34.1’N, 008°08.4’E and B 30°25.9’N,
171°51.6’W is…

A 10800 km

B 10800 NM

C 2700 NM

D 5400 NM
.............................................................................................................................................................

Release date: 2022.11.27.

Question N° 41
What is the relationship between air distance and ground distance with a headwind?

A Ground distance and air distance are independent of wind.

B Air distance is greater than ground distance.

C Ground distance is greater than air distance.

D Air distance and ground distance are equal.

Question N° 42
An aircraft descends on a 3° path with an average rate of descent of 1600 ft/min from
10 000 ft to 2 000 ft. It will cover a distance of (1)___ in (2) ___.

A (1) 56 NM;
(2) 6 minutes 15 seconds.

B (1) 27 NM;
(2) 5 minutes.

C (1) 33 NM;
(2) 6 minutes 15 seconds.

D (1) 44 NM;
(2) 5 minutes.

Question N° 43
The duration of civil twilight is the time…

A needed by the Sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°.

B between sunset and when the centre of the Sun is 6° below the celestial horizon.

C between sunset and when the centre of the Sun is 12° below the celestial horizon.

D agreed by the international aeronautical authorities, which is 12 minutes.

Question N° 44
Refer to figure.
What result of the sum of the vector A and B?
A Vector 2

B Vector 1

C Vector 3
D Vector 4

Question N° 45
For climb performance calculations, which altitude is used as a reference to calculate
the average TAS through the climb? The altitude that is..

A two thirds of the climb between take-off and cruise altitudes.

B half of the climb between take-off and cruise altitudes.

C one third of the climb between take-off and cruise altitudes.

D the final cruising altitude.

Question N° 46
Refer to figure.
Which one of the figures most accurately represents the great circle route from A to B
on a Polar Stereographic chart?
A Figure D

B Figure A

C Figure B

D Figure C

Question N° 47
Refer to figure.
(For this question use VFR chart ED-4 from the Jeppesen GSPRM 2017). An aircraft is
flying a VFR flight from STRUNKOVICE airport (LKSR, N49°05.0' E14°04.5') to
REGENSBURG OBERHUB airport (EDNR, N49° 08.5' E012° 04.9') via VILSHOFEN
airport (EDMV, N48°38.1′, E13°11.7′) and the mast of 1848 ft next to
MALLERSDORF. Due to inattention of the pilot, he/she drifted to the right and
confused ELSENTHAL-GRAFENAU airport (EDNF, N48º49.4',E013º22.0') for
VILSHOFEN airport turning earlier right on the correct heading. When the pilot saw
the mast with an elevation of 3750 ft, he/she started to doubt his/her position. What is
the best action to take?

A Make a 180º turn to fly back to Strunkovice airport and restart the flight.

B Circle around a distinct feature and consult the chart to establish your position.

C Tune the VOR/DME RODING frequency to determine the position on the map.

D Climb higher to get a better view.

Question N° 48
While flying on a magnetic heading of 185° M in the northern hemisphere, an aircraft
measures the relative bearing of ‘ONO’ NDB on an RBI Relative Bearing Indicator as
065° R. Given the following information, what bearing should be plotted from the
beacon to the aircraft on a Lambert chart?
Variation at the aircraft: 6°E
Variation at the station: 4°E
Chart convergence between the aircraft and the NDB: 8°

A 062° T
B 066° T

C 068° T

D 076° T

Question N° 49
Crossing the North Atlantic on a westbound track from position X (62°N, 020°W) to
position Y (63°N, 030°W), the average true track is 282.2°. On a Lambert chart with
standard parallels at 75°N and 30°N, the direction of the straight line is
approximately…

A 274° at position Y

B 278° at position X

C 282° at position Y

D 286° at position X

Question N° 50
What scenario will give the greatest distance between nautical air miles and ground
miles?

A Tailwind at low altitude

B Tailwind at high altitude

C Headwind at low altitude

D Headwind at high altitude

Question N° 51
Refer to figure.
What is the deviation when flying on a heading of 032°(C)?

A 2°W

B 0°

C 2° E

D +2°

Question N° 52
The highest latitude listed below at which the Sun will rise above the horizon and set
every day is:

A 64º

B 66.5º

C 68º

D 71º

Question N° 53
An aircraft’s rate of climb is calculated as 1 100 feet per minute at a TAS of 200 kt.
Determine the minimum headwind component required to achieve a climb gradient of
6% at that airspeed:
A None

B 20 kt

C 30 kt

D 40 kt

Question N° 54
An aircraft descends from its cruising level, FL320, to FL40 for commencing an
approach. Calculate the average TAS during descent when CAS = 230 kts and OAT =
ISA +10°C.

A 309 kts.

B 284 kts.

C 300 kts.

D 334 kts.

Question N° 55
Refer to VFR Chart ED-4 from Jeppesen GSPRM 2017.
Find the highest obstacle or elevation, within a 10 NM wide corridor and considering a
5 NM radius around the aerodromes, when flying directly from Griesau (N48°57′,
E12°25′) to Arnbruck (N49°7′, E12°59′).
A 4 055 ft.

B 3 438 ft.

C 3 717 ft.

D 4 777 ft.

Question N° 56
A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of 315° and 3 min later on a
relative bearing of 270°. The W/V is calm; aircraft GS 180 kts. What is the minimum
distance between the aircraft and the ground feature?

A 9 NM

B 12 NM

C 6 NM

D 3 NM
Question N° 57
Refer to figure.
The pilot of a light twin-engined aircraft has filled in the flight log correctly for a
charter flight to Nice in France, with the fuel recorded in litres. What is the new
estimated remaining fuel at EBROX?

A 350 lt

B 332 lt

C 353 lt

D 357 lt

Question N° 58
Which of the following options describe the greatest potential threat for VFR
navigation at night?

A During an outside scan using peripheral vision, illuminated obstacles appear as being further away
than they actually are, giving the impression that there is adequate avoidance time.

B Due to the specific wavelength to the colour red, lit obstacles are difficult to identify, increasing
the potential for a collision.
C Location of aerodromes CANNOT be easily identified unless flying overhead, due to low lightning
intensity.

D If the aircraft deviates from the planned route, natural obstacles excluded during the planning stage
could be a threat as they could be difficult to see.

Question N° 59
A pilot has planned a VFR trip by day but he/she changed it to fly at night due to an
improvement of the weather. What does he/she have to be careful of?

A Missing fixes the pilot planned to have reference by visual contact.

B Not reckoning aerodromes due to weak, coloured lights.

C The illumination of populated areas.

D The chosen fixes may not be clearly visible.

Question N° 60
Given the following information, what is the ground distance covered during a climb
from pressure altitude 2500 ft to FL140 ?
Average Climb TAS: 125 kt
Average Headwind Component during climb: 20 kt
Rate of climb: 675 fpm

A 29.8 NM

B 41.1 NM

C 35.4 NM

D 36.3 NM

Question N° 61
An aircraft is making a VFR flight under freezing conditions after recent heavy snow
fall. Which of the following land marks will provide the most reliable reference?

A A river.

B A railway track (without an overhead line).

C A country road.

D A high-tension power line (with towers).

Question N° 62
A pilot is planning for a VFR cross-country flight, using visual checkpoints. The
following would be the most suitable checkpoint:

A A feature that contrasts with its natural surroundings.

B A feature that merges into its natural surroundings.

C A small lake in a mountainous region.

D A valley in an area of low hills.

Question N° 63
(For this question use the VFR chart ED-4 from the Jeppesen GSPRM 2017).
You are planning a VFR flight departing at midday from aerodrome Arnbruck (EDNB)
(N49°08', E012°59') to aerodrome Hohenfels (ETIH) (N49°13', E011°50'). What is the
best means of checking the groundspeed?
A The parallel river running through the town of Nittenau (N49°12',E012°18").

B Passing abeam Griesau aerodrome (EDPG) (N48°57', E012*25").

C Passing abeam (opposite) the lighted mast at N49°03', E012°10'.

D The road A93, which crosses the track.

Question N° 64
A semi great circle on the Earth running from the North Pole to the South Pole is called
a..

A meridian.

B difference of longitude.

C longitude.
D parallel of latitude.

Question N° 65
You are flying over a snowy area. What is the danger about power lines?

A Not dangerous as they're always indicated on the chart.

B Always safe as they're easily identified.

C Dangerous along a ridge, but safe if crossing a valley.

D Dangerous if crossing a valley, but safe along a ridge.

Question N° 66
How many NM would an aircraft travel in 1 MIN 45 SEC if GS is 135 kt?

A 3.25

B 2.36

C 3.94

D 39.0

Question N° 67
Refer to figure.
An aircraft is flying from A to B over mountainous terrain at a constant altitude.
Differences in QNH at the given locations are negligible. The terrain clearance will be
the highest overhead the...
A location 3.

B location 1.

C location 4.

D location 2.

Question N° 68
The sidereal day is..

A a means to find apparent time by applying the equation of time.

B of constant duration.

C shorter in winter than in summer.

D introduced because of GPS.

Question N° 69
What is the definition of Geodetic Latitude? Geodetic Latitude is the angle between
the...

A Earth’s rotational axis and the line from the centre of the Earth to the position.

B plane of the Equator and the line from the centre of the Earth to the position.

C plane of the Equator and the normal (90°) to the meridian at the point on the spheroid.

D Earth's rotational axis and tangent to meridian that is passing from the point.

Question N° 70
What is the convergency factor on a Direct Mercator projection?

A 0

B It varies as it is dependent on the latitude.

C The convergency factor is infinite.

D 1

.............................................................................................................................................................

Release date: 2023.02.26.

Question N° 71
Given the following information, calculate the actual track.
Planned track: 031°
Planned drift angle: 6°R
Actual drift angle: 4°L

A 041°

B 033°

C 025°

D 021°

Question N° 72
The airport chart for Tromso, Norway, shows that the variation is 8°E. The final
approach track for the ILS to runway 01 is given as 005°. Determine the true direction
of the final approach track:

A 010°(T)

B 357°(T)

C 013°(T)

D 005°(T)

Question N° 73
(For this question use annex ECQB-061-003-v2015-09, Lamberts Conformal Chart of
the northern hemisphere).
At position A what is the relationship between Earth Convergency (EC) and Chart
Convergency (CC)?
A EC > CC

B EC < CC

C EC = CC

D The relationship cannot be determined.

Question N° 74
Consider the distance between any two geodetic lines of longitude (meridians)
separated by 10° on the surface of the Earth ellipsoid. What happens to the distance
between the meridians, when measured at the same latitude?

A It increases then decreases with increasing longitude.

B It remains constant for a given change of longitude.

C It decreases with increasing longitude.

D It increases with increasing longitude.

Question N° 75
Your fuel flow is 17 US gallons/ hour and your fuel quantity is 45 imperial gallons,
what is your endurance?

A 4 hrs

B 3 hrs 11 mins

C 3 hrs 06 mins

D 3 hrs 20 mins

Question N° 76
A chart has a scale of 1 inch = 20 NM. The distance between two points on the chart is
17 cm. Determine the Earth distance:

A 630 km

B 248 km

C 146 km

D 98 km

Question N° 77
What approximate descent angle is required for an aircraft to descend 13 500 ft over a
ground distance of 45 NM?

A 3°

B 3.4°
C 3.3°

D 5°

Question N° 78
A pilot is cruising at FL310, where the wind is 250°/60 kt. Forecast winds for the area
of descent are listed below. The pilot plans to arrive at the initial approach fix at 3 000
feet.
FL240: 270°/40 kt,
FL180: 300°/20 kt,
FL100: 310°/05 kt,
FL50: 020°/15 kt,
FL20: 020°/15 kt.
The wind that the pilot should use when planning the descent is:

A 280°/32 kt

B 300°/18 kt

C 305°/09 kt

D 315°/37 kt

Question N° 79
In an aeronautical chart, the convergence of a line between two points is determined by:

A Earth meridian convergence.

B Chart meridian convergence.

C Earth meridian convergence and sin mean latitude.

D Chart meridian convergence and sin parallel of origin.

Question N° 80
Refer to figure.
At 10:07 you make a note of your position (shown on the image) over the intersection
of highways A3 and A92 (N48°49.0', E012°56.3"). Consider the DR positions DR-1 to
DR-4 shown on the image. Given the following information, determine your DR
position at 10:19.
TAS: 107 kt
Wind: 110°/35 kt
True heading: 130°

A DR-4 (N48°39.1', E013°13.1')

B DR-3 (N48°37.3', E013°10.9')

C DR-2 (N48°41.5', E013°06.0')

D DR-1 (N48°42.7', E013°07.0')

Question N° 81
A pilot is planning a VFR flight across steep, mountainous terrain. Due to airspace
restrictions, the flight will be relatively low above the terrain. Restrictions in VFR
navigation in such circumstances can include...
A a shorter time to see navigation features on the near side of valleys, compared to when flying over
a flat landscape.

B a shorter visual range for navigation features that are down slope, compared to the visual range for
similar features situated on flat land.

C poor visibility in the valleys when the flight is taking place at mid-day.

D difficulty in identifying navigation features that are situated on ridges.

Question N° 82
The axis of the earth is inclined towards the plane of the ecliptic. As a result, what is
correct concerning the temperature in Egypt (25°N), compared South Africa (25°S)?

A In July, the weather will be warmer in Egypt, and in January, the weather will be warmer in South
Africa.

B In July, the weather will be warmer in South Africa, and in January, the weather will be colder in
Egypt.

C In July, the weather will be warmer in Egypt, and in January, the weather will be colder in South
Africa.

D There is no difference.

Question N° 83
Consider the convergence of the meridians on a chart. What is the trigon ometric
function related to the parallel of origin used to determine the constant of the cone?

A Tangent

B Cosine

C Sine

D Secant
Question N° 84
You are flying a low level VFR flight over a snowy area with no visual checkpoints.
What should you do?

A Climb to a higher level and initiate the lost procedure.

B Climb to avoid blowing snow.

C Start flying larger concentric circles.

D Turn at DR point to next leg.

Question N° 85
Given the following information, calculate the rate of descent (ROD) for an aircraft that
is approaching the destination.
Ground distance during the descent: 25 NM
Average TAS: 130 kt
Average tailwind component: 30 kt
Descent: from FL180 to pressure altitude 3000 ft

A 1600 ft/min

B 1920 ft/min

C 1000 ft/min

D 1300 ft/min

Question N° 86
Which statement about the vertex of a great circle is always true? In the vertex the True
Track...

A reaches its minimum value.

B can be 090º, 180º, 270º or 360º.

C is 090° or 270°.

D is equal to TT departure + TT arrival / 2.

Question N° 87
What is the initial track direction of a straight line on a Polar Stereographic chart when
flying from position A (83°N,130°E) to position B (83°N, 160°W).

A 020° (T)

B 125° (T)

C 055°(T)

D 090°(T)

Question N° 88
Magnetic variation…

A has a maximum value of 180°.

B must have a value of 0° at the magnetic Equator.

C cannot exceed 90°.

D varies between a maximum of 45° East and 45° West.

Question N° 89
What will be the risk if a night VFR flight navigates out of the studied route?
A The presence of obstacles in the area not studied before the flight.

B The obstacles marked with red light due to red wavelength.

C The airport can not be identified due to lighting.

D The obstacles seem to be closer.

Question N° 90
An aircraft starts a descent at FL130 and descends to FL60. The CAS during the
descent is 130 kt, consider ISA conditions. For dead reckoning, what is the TAS to be
considered during the descent?

A 105 kt

B 146 kt

C 153 kt

D 164 kt

Question N° 91
What is the greatest potential threat for VFR navigation at night?

A When external lighting provides good visual cues, flying by cross-reference to instruments may
cause spatial disorientation.

B Exposure to red light can cause the eyes to lose dark adaptation and may cause temporary
blindness.

C The aircraft height during an approach can be easily misjudged due to insufficient external visual
cues.

D It is difficult to determine the flight direction of other aircraft unless their landing lights are on.
Question N° 92
A small circle on a spherical surface…

A must be aligned to the parallel of latitude.

B has a centre at the centre of the sphere.

C has a smaller radius than a great circle.

D will be aligned with part of a great circle.

Question N° 93
An aircraft flying from A to B (total distance 110 NM) departed from A at 09:55 UTC.
The planned arrival time at B is 10:45 UTC. After 25 minutes of flight, the aircraft
overflies waypoint C located 45 NM away from A.
What Ground Speed should be flown as from C in order to reach point B at the planned
arrival time?

A 108 kt

B 180 kt

C 260 kt

D 156 kt

Question N° 94
Refer to figure.
The table is an extract from a flight plan. Calculate the average TAS between AA and
EE
A 252.9 kt

B 250.9 kt

C 256.9 kt

D 254.25 kt

Question N° 95
An aircraft is descending from FL280 at a constant Mach number of 0.70 in ISA
conditions. At the beginning of the descent, the pilot, after checking the instruments,
reads a CAS of 274 kt and a TAS of 416 kt. At some point during the descent, when
he/she re-checks the instruments, which value of TAS and CAS wou ld he/she expect to
read?

A CAS: 251 kt and TAS: 430 kt

B CAS: 324 kt and TAS: 430 kt

C CAS: 324 kt and TAS: 410 kt

D CAS: 251 kt and TAS: 410 kt

Question N° 96
Calculate the distance between points A (32°16'N, 173°25'W) and B (32°16'N,
166°12'E).

A 653 NM
B 231 NM

C 366 NM

D 1 034 NM

Question N° 97
The great-circle distance between A (30°N, 010°W) and B (30°N, 020°E) is 1554.3
NM. What is the difference between the great-circle distance and the rhumb-line
distance between C (40°N, 010°W) and D (40°N, 020°E)?

A 0 NM.

B less than 4.5 NM.

C 4.5 NM.

D greater than 4.5 NM.

Question N° 98
The best ground feature to check track deviation while flying on a heading 360º is:

A A big town 5 NM off-track.

B 4 windmills in a coordinated position.

C A railway in an East-West orientation.

D A large river in a North-South orientation.

Question N° 99
An aeroplane is climbing with a constant TAS of 220 kt and a headwind of 40 kt. If the
rate of climb is 1300 ft per min, what climb gradient is achieved?
A 3.0 %

B 4.3 %

C 4.9 %

D 7.1 %

Question N° 100
The difference between the initial true track of the great circle on the surface of the
Earth joining two positions A and B (of unequal northern latitude and eastern
longitude) and the true track of arrival at B is equal to..

A half of the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.

B half of the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.

C the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.

D the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.