Turbine Operation Manual

KMPCL 6 x 600 MW Subcritical Coal-fired Power Plant Project
KSK Mahanadi Power Company Limited

6 x 600 MW Thermal Power Project Nariyara, Chhattisgarh, India
SEPCO ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION CORP.
No. T-001 Turbine Operation Manual Total 207 pages
Turbine Operation Manual
Drafted by: Zhao Chuanchao
Reviewed by: Lin Xinli
Approved by: Li Mingda

Contents
Part 1 Overview............................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1 Specifications of Main Equipment ......................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2 Specifications of Auxiliary Equipment ................................................................................... 6
Part 2 Startup of the Unit............................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 1 Impulse Starting of Steam Turbine ....................................................................................... 27
Chapter 2 Unit Run-up .......................................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 3 Precautions for Unit Startup ................................................................................................. 50
Part 3 Unit Operation .................................................................................................................................... 52
Chapter 1 Operation Contents ............................................................................................................... 52
Chapter 2 Unit Operation Mode ............................................................................................................ 54
Chapter 3 Monitoring of Normal Operation Parameters ....................................................................... 66
Chapter 4 Regular Works and Requirements ........................................................................................ 72
Part 4 Unit Shutdown .................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 1 Preparations before Unit Shutdown ...................................................................................... 74
Chapter 2 Shutdown at Sliding Parameters ........................................................................................... 75
Chapter 3 Shutdown in Constant Pressure Mode .................................................................................. 77
Chapter 4 Precautions for Unit Shutdown ............................................................................................. 78
Chapter 5 Maintenance after Unit Shutdown ........................................................................................ 80
Part 5 Treatment of Unit Accident................................................................................................................. 81
Chapter 1 Principles and Key Points of Accident Treatment ................................................................ 81
Chapter 2 Emergency Shutdown ........................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 3 Auxiliary Power All Goes Off .............................................................................................. 87
Chapter 4 Abnormity of Steam Parameter ............................................................................................. 89
Chapter 5 Water Hammer of Steam Turbine ......................................................................................... 90
Chapter 6 Faults of Circulating Water Pump......................................................................................... 92
Chapter 7 Faults of Closed Circulating Cooling Water System ............................................................ 93
Chapter 8 Faults of EH Oil System ....................................................................................................... 94
Chapter 9 Faults of Main Machine Lubricating Oil System ................................................................. 96
Chapter 10 Faults of Sealed Oil System ................................................................................................ 98
Chapter 11 Breakage of Steam Turbine Blade .................................................................................... 100
Chapter 12 Abnormal Axial Displacement of Main Machine ............................................................. 101
Chapter 13 High Bearing Temperature of Steam Turbine ................................................................... 103
Chapter 14 Changes of Unit Load ....................................................................................................... 104
Chapter 15 Unit Load Rejection .......................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 16 Decrease of Condenser Vacuum ....................................................................................... 106
Chapter 17 Great Unit Vibration ......................................................................................................... 108
Chapter 18 Faults of Auxiliary Machine ............................................................................................. 109
Chapter 19 Reverse Rotation of Steam Pump ..................................................................................... 111
Chapter 20 Abnormal Cycle ................................................................................................................ 112
Chapter 21 Turbine Overspeed ............................................................................................................ 113
Chapter 22 Generator Fire ................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 23 Faults of Generator Cooling System ................................................................................. 116
Chapter 24 Fire Disaster ...................................................................................................................... 118
Chapter 25 DCS Faults ........................................................................................................................ 120
1
Chapter 26 Instrument gas Lost........................................................................................................... 122
Chapter 27 Anti-accident Measures for Preventing Oil Overflow and Bush Seizure of Turbine ........ 124
Chapter 28 Anti-accident Measures for Preventing Water Inlet and Shaft Bending of Turbine .......... 125
Part 6 Auxiliary Equipment & Common Service System ........................................................................... 127
Chapter 1 General Operating Rules of Auxiliary Equipment .............................................................. 127
Chapter 2 Start and Stop of Circulating Water System and Open Circulating Cooling Water System 130
Chapter 3 Start and Stop of Closed Circulating Cooling Water System .............................................. 136
Chapter 4 Start and Stop of Condensate System ................................................................................. 138
Chapter 5 Start and Stop of Deaerator ................................................................................................. 139
Chapter 6 Start and Stop of Motor-operated Feed Water Pump .......................................................... 141
Chapter 7 Start and Stop of Steam Feed Pump Unit ........................................................................... 145
Chapter 8 Start and Stop of Heater ...................................................................................................... 154
Chapter 9 Start and Stop of Main Unit Shaft Seal System .................................................................. 159
Chapter 10 Start and Stop of Vacuum System ..................................................................................... 161
Chapter 11 Start and Stop of Main Unit Lubricating Oil System ........................................................ 163
Chapter 12 Start and Stop of Jacking Oil System ............................................................................... 167
Chapter 13 Operation of EH Oil System ............................................................................................. 169
Chapter 14 Start and Stop of Generator Seal oil System ..................................................................... 173
Chapter 15 Start and Stop of Generator Hydrogen System ............................................................... 176
Chapter 16 Start and Stop of Generator Stator Cooling Water System ............................................... 182
Chapter 17 Start and Stop of Oil Purifying Device ............................................................................. 185
Chapter 18 Start and Stop of Hydrogen Moisture Removal Device.................................................... 188
Chapter 19 Start and Stop of Pump in Integrated Water Pump House ................................................ 190
Appendixes.................................................................................................................................................. 193
Appendix 1: pressure [p] & temperature [th] comparison table between saturated water and
steam ................................................................................................................................................... 193
Appendix 2: cold startup (long shutdown) curve of IP cylinders .................................................. 194
Appendix 4: warm startup curve of IP cylinders............................................................................ 196
Appendix 5: hot startup curve of IP cylinders ................................................................................ 197
Appendix 6: very hot startup curve of IP cylinders ....................................................................... 198
Appendix 7: description of cylinder switching area ....................................................................... 199
Appendix 8: cold startup (long shutdown) curve of HP Cylinders ............................................... 200
Appendix 9: cold startup curve of HP cylinder .............................................................................. 201
Appendix 10: warm startup curve of HP cylinder.......................................................................... 202
Appendix 11: hot startup curve of HP cylinder .............................................................................. 203
Appendix 12: very hot startup curve of HP cylinder ..................................................................... 204
2
Part 1 Overview
Chapter 1 Specifications of Main Equipment
1.1 Specification of steam turbine equipment
Model: N600-16.7/538/538-3
Type: subcritical, primary reheating, three cylinders, quadruple-flow, single shaft and condensing steam
turbine.
Rated power: 600MW
New steam pressure: 16.67MPa
New steam temperature: 538℃
Reheat steam temperature: 538℃
Exhaust pressure: 10.3kPa
Rated speed: 3000r/min
Rotating direction: anticlockwise as viewed from the steam turbine side to generator side
Manufactured by: Dongfang Steam Turbine Works
1.2 Main technical parameters
Dependable power: (TMCR) 600MW
Rated pressure of main steam before main steam valve: 16.67MPa
Rated temperature of main steam before main steam valve: 538℃
Rated steam flow: 1877.9t/h
Reheat steam pressure before inlet valve: 3.468MPa
Reheat steam temperature before inlet valve: 538℃
Exhaust flow of HP cylinder: 1713.271t/h
Rated backpressure: 10.2kPa
Rated speed: 3000r/min
Rotating direction: anticlockwise as viewed from the steam turbine side to generator side
Final feed water temperature: 277.3℃
Regeneration stages: 3 HP heaters, 4 LP heaters and 1 deaerator composing 8 stages regeneration system,
drainage of each stage heater flows automatically based on different stages.
Length of the last blade of LP cylinder: 856mm
Critical speed:
1
Critical speed is listed in the table below according to shafting and shaft section:
First order critical speed (r/min) Second order critical speed (r/min)
Name of shaft section design value design value design value design value
(shafting ) (single shaft) (shafting ) (single shaft)
LP & IP rotor 1722 1621 >4000 >4000
LP rotor A 1839 1723 3521 >4000
LP rotor B 1903 1750 >4000 >4000
Generator rotor 984 1070 >3400 3338
1.3 Description of steam turbine characteristics
1.3.1 Load property: it is mainly of base load, part of the time adopts peak modulation operating mode, of
which the range is 30~100% rated load. The unit can operate continuously with full load and partial load.
1.3.2 The steam turbine is allowed to be idling for not less than 15min after rejecting load, but should not
overspeed;
1.3.3 This unit’s operating time in the state of motor without steam must not exceed 1 min and the vacuum
must be normal;
1.3.4 This unit’s idle time with full vacuum after trip is about ~60 min and that without vacuum is about
~30 min;
1.3.5 Normal fluctuation range of frequency: 47.5 Hz~51.5 Hz;
1.3.6 Permissible vibration range of unit: relative peak to peak vibration amplitude: alarming 0.125mm,
shutdown: 0.25mm. Vibration amplitude of bearing: alarming 0.05mm。
1.3.7 When the main steam , reheat steam parameters and back pressure of steam turbine are rated value,
this unit can ensure the rated output (600MW) if all the HP heaters are removed, but permits no excessive
generator; if it is further necessary to remove the LP heaters, then the unit must operate with a reduced
load.
1.3.8 The min load for continuous operation allowed by the unit is 90MW, the max back pressure is
18.6kPa when operating continuously in the allowable min load over which the condensing system must be
inspected; the operating time should be less than 60min if exceeding the same but not exceeding the
shutdown value, otherwise the unit must be tripped. The max allowable exhaust pressure is 13.8kPa,
exhaust temperature should be lower than 80℃ and operating time should be less than 15min when the unit
is idling after rejecting load, otherwise the unit should be tripped.
1.3.9 The steam turbine is permitted to operate for long when the exhaust temperature of steam turbine is
less than 79℃.
1.3.10 Permitted load variation rate of unit is:
In the range of 30%~100% BMCR, when the change rate of load is smaller than 4%BMCR per minute, it
will not affect the equipment life and performance.
The steam turbine generator unit can bear the following load change rate and do not affect it stable
operation, then provide life loss rate caused by the following load change:
(1) 100%~50% MCR %/min5 %

(2) 50%~30%MCR %/min3 %
2
(3) under 30% MCR %/min2 %
(4) Step load 10%10 %
(5) The load variation range is 5%/min between 60%→100% MCR
1.3.11 Parameters of steam extraction on all stages during TMCR operating condition
Allowable max
Steam extraction stages Flow (kg/h) Pressure (MPa (a)) Temperature(℃)
steam flow (kg/h)
First stage (to # 1HP heater) 135493 6.189 391.8
Second stage (to 2# HP heater) 115371 3.853 327.8
Third stage (to #3 HP heater) 91947 2.203 470.1
Fourth stage (to deaerator) 99260 1.021 358.5
Fourth stage (to small steam turbine) 66989 1.021 358.5
Fourth stage (to plant steam turbine)
Fifth stage (to #5 LP heater) 46601 0.383 245.4
Fifth stage (to plant steam turbine)
Sixth stage (to #6 LP heater) 44050 0.220 186.7
Seventh stage (to #7 LP heater) 41078 0.121 129.2
Eighth stage (to #8 LP heater) 79135 0.064 87.8
1.4 Steam turbine overview
1.4.1 Brief introduction of steam turbine proper
1.4.1.1 Steam turbine is subcritical, primary reheating, single shaft, three-cylinder, four-flow and impulse
condensing type with design rated power of 600MW. The steam turbine adopts double cylinder structure of
HV & IP cylinder with the LP cylinder as double flow reverse arrangement. The proper is equipped with
internal flange bolt heating system. It rotates in the anticlockwise direction viewing from head to generator.
The unit is totally equipped with 8 sections of steam extraction supplying for 3 sets HP heat, 1 set deaerator
and 4 sets LP heater respectively and also equipped with 2 HP automatic main throttle valves and 4 HP
control valve, which are arranged below the operation level before the head and 2 IP combined emergency
stop and throttle valve with eudipleural arrangement.
In the steam turbine generator unit shafting, #1 and #2 bearings can adopt tilting pad bearing, all the others
should adopt elliptical bearing. The X-axis and Y-axis of each bearing upper pad is equipped with shaft
vibration measuring device and the lower pad is equipped with temperature measuring device. The thrust
bearing is located at the #2 bearing bracket between HP & IP cylinder and LP cylinder A adopting tilting
plane type dual thrust disc structure.
The expansion dead point of HP & IP cylinder is located at #2 bearing bracket, and the expansion dead
points of LP cylinder A and cylinder B are respectively located next to its center. The cross key at the dead
point may limit the axial displacement of cylinder. At the same time, longitudinal keys are set before the
bearing box and before and after the longitudinal centerlines of two LP cylinders to guide the cylinder to
expand freely along axial direction and limit horizontal deviation.
The steam turbine feed water system is designed with 2 sets steam-driven variant feed water pump with
50% capacity and 1 set constant speed feed water pump with 50% capacity as standby. The low-power
turbine is designed with IP &LP steam sources, automatic internal switching and can adopt auxiliary steam
impulse starting. The low-power turbine exhausts steam to condenser of main engine.
3
The condenser is designed with double shell, double backpressure and single-flow and can operate for long
under the operating condition of unit max output, circulating cooling water temperature of38℃ and
backpressure not larger than 18.6 kPa. The circulating water system is closed type circulation.
The control oil system of main engine adopts HP fire resistant oil completely separating from lubricating
oil system, which can improve the rapidity, reliability and flexibility of governing system operation.
The unit is designed as IP cylinder startup mode. When the bypass system cannot be put into operation, HP
cylinder mode can be adopted, but it needs to pay attention to the swing of HP exhaust check valve during
impulse starting. The bypass system adopts secondary cascading startup bypass and is of HP & IP
combined starting, IP cylinder startup and protection functions.
When the unit starts up in cold, warm, hot and very hot state, the steam turbine main steam, reheat steam
and admission pressure can be controlled to adapt to the startup requirements of steam turbine under
various operating conditions to realize steam turbine impulse starting, load-on and cylinder transferring to
full load, to shorten the unit startup time and reduce steam medium loss, to reduce steam turbine circulation
life loss and to realize the optimum startup of unit.
1.4.1.2 Turning gear
The turning gear is auto engaging type, which can make the steam turbine generator unit rotor rotate from
static state and build bearing film with adequate speed under normal bearing oil pressure with turning speed
of 1.5r/min. This gear is driven by bearing oil pressure and can be operated locally or remotely; it may turn
the rotor continuously or intermittently and can leave rotor automatically while impulse starting.
1.4.1.3 Shaft seal steam supply system
The shaft seal steam supply system is automatic type, which can also supply shaft seal steam to feed water
pump steam turbine. Try to reduce the steam source of shaft seal system under the condition of meeting the
requirements of unit cold and hot startup and shutdown. The shaft seal adopts self-sealing system, which
will not have thermal stress in the sealed area. There is permanent screen at the shaft seal steam inlet and
there are also measures to prevent water getting into the steam turbine. The shaft seal steam supply system,
which is equipped with safety valve and overflow device, can regulate pressure automatically when the unit
starts up and under different operating conditions. Shaft seal attemperator is equipped on the steam supply
pipeline of LP cylinder. Each unit is equipped with 1 set 100% capacity shaft seal steam cooler, which is
equipped with 2 sets 100% capacity electric exhaust air fan for exhausting the gas that cannot be condensed
in the shaft seal steam cooler. The shaft seal fan and shaft seal cooler are of integrated structure. The shaft
seal steam supply system includes electric isolating valve for switching shaft seal steam source, pressure
relief valve, bypass valve, pressure relief valve and other valves and screen, instruments, attemperator and
relative accessory equipment, etc. the shaft seal steam supply and shaft seal cooer and used together with
the feed water steam turbine.
1.4.1.4 Steam distributing mode
The steam distribution mode is complex (throttle + nozzle) mode.
1.4.2 Technical specification of governing system
1.4.2.1 The governing system is able to keep idle running of steam turbine at rated steam admission
conditions, rated vacuum and full opening of main stop valve, with speed oscillation value ≯ 6r/min.
1.4.2.2 The governing system is able to guarantee stable parallel operation of steam turbine with other
4
units.
1.4.2.3 The governing system is controlled in the control room to guarantee the need of steam turbine
incorporating into network and adaptation to changes in speed and load.
1.4.2.4 For this unit operating at rated steam conditions and rated speed, the governing system is able to
control the turbine speed not to result in the trip of emergency governor as the unit rejects a rated load.
1.4.3 Technical specification of steam turbine control system
1.4.3.1 This unit has two sets of mutually independent governor:
Mechanical overspeed governor (equipped with double channel): with the trip speed set to 110-112% of
rated speed, the return speed set to 101% of rated speed and provided with nozzle test device and overspeed
test device capable of on-line test.
Solenoid governor: four governor solenoid valves controlled by ETS, which receive the governing signal of
important parameters of steam turbine. The governing signals control the HP & IP main steam stop valves
and governing valves to close (in <0.3 second) through the HP governor solenoid valve or LP governor
solenoid valve so as to stop steam admission into the steam turbine.
Manual governor: attendant may locally trip the governor button by hand and finally discharge safeguard
oil to quickly close all steam inlet valves.
1.4.3.2 System function:
1.4.3.2.1 Governing function:
The governor valve will trip to shut down the turbine for emergency in case the following parameter
exceeds the specified value.
a. Speed rises to 110% of rated speed;

b. Axial displacement reaches + mm;
c. HP & IP cylinder differential expansion reaches +11.6 or -6.6 mm;
d. LP cylinder differential expansion reaches +30 mm;
e. Lubricating oil pressure is lower than 0.06MPa;
f. Pressure of the condenser decreases to 74.7 kPa;
g. Peak to peak vibration amplitude of the rotor is ≥0.25mm;
h. Return oil temperature of bearing #1~6 reaches 75℃, metal temperature of # bearing 1~6 reaches 115 ℃,
the temperature of thrust bearing reaches 110 ℃;
i. EH oil pressure decreases to 7.8MPa;
j. Power failure to DEH system;
k. Temperature at the steam exhaust port of HP cylinder rises to 432℃;
l. The oil level in the main oil tank decreases to 1050 mm;
m. MFT of the boiler;
n. Main protection of the generator operates;
o. Water-break protection of the generator operates.
5
1.4.3.2.2 Oil injection test function
1.4.3.2.3 Emergency governor test function
1.4.3.2.4 Steam turbine reset function
1.5 Thermodynamic calculation data of the steam turbine
TMCR VWO TMCR+3% VWO+3%

Output (kW) 600002 639986 600015 635087
Heat consumption of steam turbine generator kJ/kWh 8137 8116 8097 8075
Main steam pressure MPa (a) 16.67 16.67 16.67 16.67
Reheat steam pressure MPa (a) 3.468 3.720 3.474 3.696
Main steam temperature ℃ 538 538 538 538
Reheat steam temperature ℃ 538 538 538 538
Main steam flow kg/h 1877900 2028000 1894900 2028000
Reheat steam flow kg/h 1597900 1717063 1603538 1708384
LP cylinder exhaust pressure kPa (a) 10.30 10.30 10.30 10.30
Exhaust steam flow kg/h 1153848 1229422 1141208 1206371
Makeup water rate % 0 0 3 3
Outlet feed water temperature of first stage HP heater℃ 277.3 282.3 277.6 282.0
Circulating water temperature ℃ 33 33 33 33
Chapter 2 Specifications of Auxiliary Equipment
2.1 Specification of heater
2.1.1 Specification of HP heater

Item Unit HP heater #1 HP heater #2 HP heater #3
Model JG-2550 JG-2680 JG-2070
Type Horizontal U-tube Horizontal U-tube Horizontal U-tube
Terminal temperature difference of feed water ℃ -1.7 0 0
Drainage terminal temperature difference ℃ 5.6 5.6 5.6
Heating steam pressure MPa 6.189 3.853 2.203
Heating steam temperature ℃ 391.8 327.8 470.1
Enthalpy of heating steam kJ/kg 3155.4 3042.2 3399.3
Feed water flow t/h 1878 1878 1878
Inlet/outlet temperature of feed water ℃ 246.3/277.3 215.7/246.3 182.2/215.7
Drainage flow from higher level t/h 135.49 250.87
Drainage temperature from higher level ℃ 251.9 221.3
Effective heat exchange area of heater m2 2550 2680 2070
Effective surface area of drainage cooling section m2 335 437 434
Effective surface area of condensing section m2 1901 2003 1460
6
Item Unit HP heater #1 HP heater #2 HP heater #3
Effective surface area of steam cooling section m2 314 240 176
Log mean temperature difference ℃ 56.1/10.65/13.32 44.4/9.91/13.07 121.5/12.93/13.18
46373905/ 24335834/ 48352891/
Heat exchange rate kJ/hr.℃.m2 243196469/ 229721906/ 207444471/
18401663 33423330 47760628
2632/12012 2283/11573/ 2261/10989/
Total heat exchange coefficient kJ/hr.℃.m2
/4124 5852 8350
2.1.2 Specification of LP heater

Item Unit #5 LP heater #6 LP heater #7 LP heater #8 LP heater
Model JD-1100-IV JD-1100-III JD-1620-I JD-1620- II
Horizontal and Horizontal and
Type Horizontal Horizontal
composite composite
Heating surface area m2 1100 1100 650 970
Design pressure of tube side MPa 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Design temperature of tube side ℃ 170 150 150 150
Design pressure of shell side MPa 0.6 0.6 0.14 0.07
Design temperature of shell side ℃ 265 200 150 150
Manufacturer Dongfang Steam Turbine Works
2.1.3 Specification of deaerator

Model YC-2069/230 Type Built-in horizontal
Design pressure 1.3MPa Opening pressure of safety valve 0.95MPa
370 (steam piping)/ Complex operation of
Design temperature Operating mode
350 (shell) constant-sliding pressure
Max working pressure 1.092MPa (a) Total volume 390 m3
Max working temperature 364.7℃ Effective volume 230 m3
Nozzle specification 1200t/h Inner diameter 3800mm
Nozzle pressure drop 0.5bar Total length (including end cover) 35660 mm
Manufacturer DONGFANG BOILER GROUP CO.,LTD.
2.2 Specification of feed water pump unit equipment
2.2.1 Specification of feed water pump & booster pump
Operating condition
Item Unit BMCR TMCR Max flow Min flow Remarks

operating operating of single of single
condition condition pump pump
Model of booster pump SQN300-670
Inlet water temperature of booster pump ℃ 181.5 178.6 181.5 181.5
Inlet water flow of booster pump t/h 1195 1057 1195 265
Head of booster pump mH2O 133.5 139.4 133.5 145
Efficiency of booster pump % 82.2 83.5 82.2 42
Net positive suction head necessary for
m 4.6 3.1 4.6 1.5
booster pump
Booster pump speed r/min 1490
Shaft power of booster pump kW 528.5 480.5 528.5 270
Normal bearing bracket of booster pump
mm 0.071
(peak to peak)
Weight of booster pump kg 2710
Model of main pump CHTC6/5
7
Operating condition
Item Unit BMCR TMCR Max flow Min flow Remarks

operating operating of single of single
condition condition pump pump
Inlet water temperature of main pump ℃ 181.5 178.6 181.5 181.5
Outlet water flow of main pump t/h 1168 1033 1168 265
Outlet water pressure of main pump MPa(g) 24.25 22.78 24.25 29.35
Efficiency of main pump % 82.8 82.4 82.8 37
Necessary net positive suction head m 48.6 40.8 48.6 27.5
Bleed-off pressure MPa(g) 10.6 10.24 10.6 0
Bleed-off flow t/h 27 24 27 0
Seal type Mechanical seal
Speed r/min 5268 4980 5268 5268
Shaft power of main pump kW 9872 8170 9872 7500
Vibration amplitude of normal bearing
mm 0.036
bracket (peak to peak)
Nominal pressure of booster pump Inlet MPa 4.0
connection flange Outlet MPa 4.0
Nominal pressure of main feed Inlet MPa 4.0
water pump connection flange Outlet MPa 40
Specification of booster pump Inlet mm DN400
connection pipe (×S) Outlet mm DN300
Specification of main pump Inlet mm DN300
connection pipe (×S) Outlet mm DN250
Weight kg 10600
Rotating direction Clockwise (view form drive side to pump)
Bearing type thrust bearing +sliding bearing
The electric feed water pump is motor; steam feed
Drive mode
water pump is donkey engine
Efficiency of electric feed water pump unit % ≥76% ≥76.1% / /
Efficiency of steam feed pump unit % ≥81% ≥80% / /
Note: (g) in the Table means gauge pressure
2.2.2 Specification of hydraulic coupling

Item Unit Data
Manufacturer VOITH, German
Model R18K500M
Carry over speed r/min 1490
Speed of rated output r/min 5268
Rated output power kW 9872
Weight kg 9200
Governing range % 25-100
Rated slip % 2.42
Rotating direction of output shaft Anticlockwise (view from pump to coupling)
2.2.3 Motor technical specification of steam feed water pump, booster pump, electric pump and electric
feed water pump unit:
Item Unit Equipment name
8
Motor of steam pump & booster pump Motor of electric feed water pump
Manufacturer Shanghai Electric Machinery Co., Ltd./Xiangtan Electric Motor Factory
Model YKK500-4 YKS1000-4
Rated power kW 630 12000
Rated voltage KV 11 11
Synchronous speed r/min 1500 1500
Frequency Hz 50 50
Efficiency % 94 96.8
Power factor 0.88 0.88
Locked-rotor torque (times) 0.9 0.5
Locked rotor current (times) 6.0 5.4
Max torque (times) 2.0 1.8
Insulation level F F
Weight Kg 4450 37000
Cooling mode Air-air cooling Air-air cooling
Rotating direction Along with the driver
2.2.4 Technical parameters and protection of feed water steam turbine

2.2.4.1 Technical parameters
2.2.4.1.1 Parameter table of feed water pump steam turbine operating condition
HP heater
VWO TMCR 80%TMCR 60%TMCR 40%TMCR
full cutting
Item Unit operating operating operating operating operating
operating
condition condition condition condition condition
condition
Steam pressure MPa 1.092 1.021 1.099 0.826 0.642 0.453
Steam temperature ℃ 357.8 358.5 363.1 360.3 363.2 342.8
Steam flow t/h 50.5 43.6
Backpressure kPa 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3
Meet the requirements of feed water pump
Speed r/min 5268 4980
operation.
Relative internal 84.2 83.18
%
efficiency
Mechanical loss kW 150 150
Output power kW 9872 8170
Steam loss kg/kW.h 5.116 5.337
Exhaust amount t/h 50.5 43.6
Exhaust temperature ℃ 48.2 48.2
Exhaust enthalpy kJ/kg 2461 2489
2.2.4.1.2 Technical specification table of steam turbine driven by feed water pump
Item Unit Data
Model NK63/71
Single cylinder, single-flow, single shaft, reaction, pure
Type condensing, downward exhaust, low temperature and
reheat steam external switching
Operating mode Variable power, variable parameter and variable speed
Rated power kW 8170
Max continuous power kW 12000
Efficiency within rated operating condition(TMCR) % 83.18
9
Item Unit Data
Rated admission pressure MPa.a 1.021

Rated admission temperature ℃ 358.5
Rated exhaust pressure kPa.a 11.3
Rated exhaust temperature ℃ 48.2
Max exhaust temperature ℃ About 108.1
Governing range r/min 1494~5279
Max permissible admission pressure MPa.a 2.5
Max permissible admission temperature ℃ About 100
Steam inlet flow t/h 51.5
Steam source switching point 30%~40%Rated operating condition
Critical speed of first order r/min ~7000
Connection mode with feed water pump Gear elastic coupling
Clockwise (viewed form steam turbine head to pump),
Rotating direction
finally confirmed by feed water pump factory.
Max noise level (1m away from the feed water
DB(A) ≤85
steam turbine shell)
Installation mode Independent chassis, segmental hoisting

Direction of exhaust port Downward
Size of exhaust port mm 1270×2270
Overall dimension (including outer casing) mm 4010×3920×3600
Size form operating level to flange face mm 1800
Total weight t 50
Rotor weight t 5.3
Upper cylinder weight t 9
Lower cylinder weight t 12.1
Weight of maximum transported part (name) t 36
Weight of maximum maintained part (name) t 9
2.2.4.1.3 Parameter of governing safeguard system

Name Unit Value
1. Type of governing system MEH
2. Control valve
Quantity Piece 1
Inner diameter mm 350
Material of valve body and valve handle ZG25A，2Cr12MoV
3. Main steam stop valve
Quantity Piece 5
Inner diameter mm 4 φ100, 1 φ160
Material of valve body and valve handle ZG25A, 2Cr12MoV
4. Steam check valve
10
Name Unit Value
5. Emergency governor
Type Mechanical
Quantity Set 1
7. Trip Set 1
Trip when axial displacement increases Mm ±0.8
Trip when the vacuum is low MPa 0.07
Trip when the lubricating oil pressure is low MPa (a) 0.08
8. Atmospheric release valve Safety diaphragm plate
2.2.4.1.4 Lubricating oil system of feed water pump steam turbine
Name Unit Value
1. Oil trademark and oil quality standard ISO VG32
2. Required oil quantity of oil system Kg 8000
3. Circulation rate of bearing oil 8
4. Bearing oil pressure 0.15
5. Main oil tank
Model YX-0630
Capacity m3 10
Dimension mm×mm×mm 3350×1700×2100
Design pressure MPa (g) 0.6
Material Carbon steel
Weight of oil tank Kg 3300
Return oil flow Kg 34500~68000
6. Main oil pump
Type Vertical centrifugal oil pump
Beijing HighStar Pump Co., Ltd., Sichuan Shengda
Manufactured by Pump Industry Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.,
Zigong Dongfang Filter Manufacture Co., Ltd.
Flow m3/h 30~90
Outlet pressure MPa(g) 1.1~1.0
Speed r/min 2950
Motor capacity KW 55
Motor voltage v 415
Total weight Kg 800
7. Oil cooler
Type (plate type) Plate type
Manufactured by APV
Quantity Set 2
Effective cooling area m2 ≥30
Design temperature of cooling water inlet ℃ 36
Outlet oil temperature ℃ 45
Cooling water flow kg/h 130000
Thickness of plate
Design pressure MPa (g) 1.0 (water side), 1.6 (oil side)
Design temperature: ℃ 80
Material of plate: TP316L
Total weight of each set kg ~250(operating)
8. Auxiliary oil pump
Type Vertical centrifugal oil pump
Manufacturer Pump Industry Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.,
Quantity Set 1
Flow m3/h 30~90
Outlet pressure MPa (g) 1.1~1.0
11
Name Unit Value
Speed r/min 2950
Motor capacity kW 55
Motor voltage V 415
Total weight kg 800
9. DC emergency oil pump
Type DC gear oil pump
Manufacturer Pump Industry Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd.,
Quantity Set 1
Capacity m3/h 18
Outlet pressure MPa (g) 0.36
Speed r/min 1000
Motor capacity kW 5.5
Motor voltage V 220 VDC
Total weight kg 200
10. Oil temperature regulator (temperature
control valve)
Type 3BRSJ11507-00-AA
Manufactured by American AMOT
Quantity Set 1
Capacity kg/h 32000
Size 3”
Total weight 35
11. Oil filter (lubricating)
Type Duplex
Manufactured by HANGZHOU STEAM TURBINE CO., LTD.
Quantity Set 1
Capacity 2×100%
Overall dimension mm 850×320×800
12. Range hood of oil tank
Type Vertical
Model AC
Manufactured by Yuhang Special Fan Co., Ltd.
Quantity Set 2
Operating air flow m3/h 7
Test air flow m3/h 420
Wind pressure KPa 2.5
Speed r/min 2830
Motor capacity kW 1.1
Motor voltage V 415
Motor model YB802-2
Total weight kg 17
2.2.4.1.5 Turning gear

Name Unit Value
Type Oil turbine
Turning speed r/min ~120
2.2.4.2 Protection of feed water steam turbine

Exhaust pressure upper limit alarm Mpa 0.05
Exhaust pressure upper limit shutdown Mpa 0.07
Exhaust temperature upper limit alarm ℃ 80
12
Alarm Mpa 0.15
AC lubricating oil pump is put into operation Mpa 0.1
Low lubricating oil pressure protection Shut down and Interlocking start DC lubricating oil
Mpa 0.08
pump
Electric turning gear must not be put into operation Mpa 0.04
Low safeguard oil pressure protection Shut down Mpa 6 (meter)
Return oil temperature ℃ 65
Alarm
Bearing pad temperature ℃ 95
High bearing temperature protection
Return oil temperature ℃ 70
Shutdown
Bearing pad temperature ℃ 110
Alarm mm 0.1
Shaft vibration protection
Shutdown mm 0.125
2.2.5 Parameters of coupling

Working range <90℃
Bearing temperature Alarm temperature 90℃
Shutdown temperature 95 ℃
Working range >60℃ <110℃
Inlet oil temperature of working oil cooler Alarm temperature 110 ℃
Shutdown temperature 130 ℃
Working range >35 < 75 ℃
Outlet oil temperature of working oil cooler Alarm temperature 75 ℃
Pump-off temperature 85 ℃
Working range > 45 <65 ℃
Inlet oil temperature of lubricating oil cooler Alarm temperature 65 ℃
Working range > 35 < 55 ℃
Outlet oil temperature of lubricating oil cooler Alarm temperature 55 ℃
Tripper is enabled > 45 < 65 ℃
Working range
Oil temperature of oil tank 65 ℃
Alarm temperature
Start-up is allowed 0.17MPa

Interlocked stop of auxiliary oil pump 0.22MPa
Lubricating oil pressure
Interlocked startup of auxiliary oil pump 0.15MPa
Pump-off oil pressure 0.08MPa
2.2.5 Thermal control protections for feed water pump unit:

2.2.5.1 Pump unit alarm conditions:
Alarm I Alarm II
High bearing temperature of booster pump 90ºC 100ºC

High thrust bearing temperature of booster pump 90ºC 100ºC
High bearing temperature of motor 85ºC 95ºC
High winding temperature of motor 125ºC 135ºC
High journal bearing temperature of feed water pump 90ºC 100ºC
13
Alarm I Alarm II
High thrust bearing temperature of feed water pump 90ºC 100ºC

High differential pressure at inlet screen of feed water pump ≥0.05MPa
Low inlet pressure of feed water pump Alarm at gauge pressure ≤1.2Mpa
Reversal rotation of feed water pump
2.2.5.2 Pump unit tripping conditions

Trip value
(1) The lubricating oil pressure is too low Gauge pressure ≤0.08MPa
(2) The feed water inlet pressure is too low Gauge pressure ≤1.0MPa
2.2.5.3 The recycle valve should open automatically when the flow is lower than 295 m3/h . Minimum flow
<290t/h and Recycling valve <60%, delay 8s, jump pump.
2.3 Circulating water system
2.3.1 Specification of circulating water pump and design parameter table of circulating water pump
Operating condition of Operating condition
No. Name of parameter Unit
two pumps of single pump
1 Flow of single pump m3/s 11.5 13.8
2 Head m 24 20
3 Shaft power kW 3085.4 3091.1
4 Rated speed rpm 297 297
5 Net positive suction head (NPSHr) m 7.99 8.47
6 Efficiency of pump % 87.7 87.6
7 Design pressure/test pressure of pump body MPa 0.6
8 Working pressure of pump body MPa 0.24
9 Close head m 45.2
10 Bearing vibration amplitude (peak to peak value) mm ≤0.076
Minimum submergence counted from above suction

11 m 4
flare opening
12 Packing seal flow of circulating pump m3/h 4.5
13 Packing seal water pressure of circulating pump MPa 0.2~0.35
Table of motor parameters

No. Parameter Unit Value
Model of mating motor YLKS1600-20TH
Rated voltage kV 11
Rated frequency Hz 50
rated power kW 3600
Number of poles Pole 20
Degree of protection IP 54
Insulation level Level F
Cooling mode Air - water
14
No. Parameter Unit Value
Installation type Vertical
moment of inertia of circulating pump kgm2 980
Type of motor rotor Squirrel cage type
Working mode Continuous S1
Max instantaneous downward axial thrust that
T 71
the motor can bear
Normal axial thrust T 46
Shaft vibration amplitude (peak to peak value) mm 0.07
Thrust bearing adopts flooding system
Lubricating oil trademark lubrication, the lubricating oil is 68# turbine oil
and the lower bearing uses 2# lithium grease.
Injected lubricating oil flow Liter 120
Lubricating mode Self lubricating
Cooling water temperature of motor ℃ Design as the temperature of 36℃
Cooling water flow rate of motor cooler m3/h 54
Cooling water pressure of motor cooler MPa 0.1~0.5
Cooling water flow of motor bearing m3/h 8
Cooling water pressure of motor bearing MPa 0.1~0.5
2.3.2 Open circulating water pump (there are parameters of 9 kinds of pumps in the material, but there is no
clear indication of this unit model in the material; see SN type horizontal double suction and split pumps
for more details)
Specification of open
Specification of open circulating water pump
circulating water pump motor
Model 600SN55A Model YKK630-6
Head m 50 Voltage KV 11
Speed r/min 990 Power kW 710
3
Flow m /h 3850 Speed r/min 990
Manufacturer Shandongboshan Rated current 45.4A
2.4 Shaft seal system

2.4.1 Shaft seal heater:
Name Unit Specification
Model
Type Horizontal case type，cooling water bypass
2
Heater surface area m 200
Cooling water flow rate t/h ≥500
Design pressure MPa Tube side 4.8, shell side0.7
Design temperature ℃ Tube side, shell side
2.4.2 Shaft seal fan:

Specification of shaft seal fan Specification of the motor
Type Centrifugal type Type Three-phase asynchronous
Full pressure 3000Pa Power 15kW
Speed 2920r/min Speed 2920r/min
3
Air flow 1150m /h Voltage 415V
2.5 Condensate and steam extraction system
15
2.5.1 Specification of condenser
Model N-35460 Cooling water temperature 33℃
Single shell, double passes and
Type Water resistance of condenser kPa
double pressure surface type
Total active cooling surface area 35460 m2 Total number of copper tube Piece
Design pressure of tube side 0.4MPa Design backpressure 10.3Kpa
Design pressure of shell side Mpa (a)

Cooling water flow rate 21.95 m3/h
2.5.2 Specification of condensate pump

Specification of condensate pump Specification of the motor
Model NLT500-570x5S Model YKSL2240-4/1180-1
3
Flow 1640 m /h Power 2240kW
Head 366 mH2O Rated voltage 11kV
Inlet water temperature 46.7℃ Rated current 139.6A
Synchronous
Inlet water pressure 10.30 Kpa 1500r/min
speed
Speed 1500 r/min
Manufacturer Shanghai KSB Pump Co., Ltd.
2.5.3 Condensate makeup tank
Type Barrel type
Diameter m 11.9
Effective volume 800 m3
Manufacturer Shandong Fenghui Group Co., Ltd.
2.5.4 Vacuum pump

Specification of vacuum pump Specification of the motor
Model: AT 3006E Model: Y2 315L1-4
Min. suction pressure (min. vacuum degree): 3.3kPa(a) Voltage: 415V
Pumping capacity: 120kg/h Power: 160kW
Speed: 455rpm Speed: 1486rpm
Shaft power : 91.8kW Rated current：262A
Manufacturer: Shanghai Shangdian Elec. Machinery
Manufacturer: Gardner Denver Nash Machinery Ltd.
Co., Ltd.
2.6 Lubricating oil system
(1) The adopted oil trademark and oil quality standards: ISO VG32
(2) Required oil flow rate of oil system (kg) 30660
(3) Oil circulating rate of bearing: ~10.8
(4) Oil pressure of bearing: (MPa.g) 0.17
(5)Main oil tank
Type Containerization type
16
Full volume (m3) 50.5
Dimension (m×m×m) 7.2×2.6×3.3
Weight of oil tank (t)
(6) Main oil pump

Type Direct drive centrifugation of steam turbine principle shaft
Manufacturer of pump Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.
Capacity(kg/h) 378
Outlet pressure (MPa.g) 1.9
Inlet pressure (MPa.g) 0.098-0.147
Total weight (kg) 920
(7) Oil turbine equipment

Type: turbine
Capacity: 6300L/min
Outlet pressure: 0.25Mpa (g)
(8) Oil cooler
Type Tube type
cooling area (m²) 328.3
Cooling oil flow rate (m³/h) 295
Cooling water flow rate (m³/h) 402.9
Inlet oil temperature (℃) 65
Outlet oil temperature (℃) 45
Cooling water temperature (℃) 38
Quantity 2
Material Stainless steel
(9) AC startup oil pump

Type Centrifugal type
Manufacturer Chengdu Pump Research Institute
Quantity 1 set
Capacity 6300 L/min
Outlet pressure (MPa.g) 0.2 MPa
Speed(r/min) 1480
Motor
Type Explosion proof type
Capacity(kW) 45
Voltage (V) AC415
Speed(r/min) 1450
(10) AC lubricating oil pump
17
Manufactured by Chengdu Pump Research Institute
Quantity 1 set
Capacity 4685L/min
Speed(r/min) 1450
Motor
Capacity(kW) 55
Voltage (V) AC415
Speed(r/min) 1450
(11) DC emergency oil pump
Manufacturer Chengdu Pump Research Institute
Quantity 1 set
Capacity 3820L/min
Speed (r/min) 1450
Motor
Capacity (KW) 40
Voltage (V) DC220
Speed (r/min) 1450
Total weight (kg) 1115
(12) Jacking oil pump:
Type HP capacity
Pump manufacturer German Rexroth
Quantity 2AC+1DC
Capacity 140L/min
Outlet pressure 17(MPa.g)
Speed (r/min) 1480
Material: /
Motor:
Capacity (kW) 55
Voltage (V) AC415
Speed (r/min) 1480
Total weight (kg) /
(13) Main oil tank gas exhaust fan
Type Vertical
Manufactured by Chengdu Fan Manufactory/Beijing LAD
Enterprise/Zhejiang Yuhang Fan Co., Ltd.
Quantity 2 sets ×100%
Capacity(m3 /h) 1200
Motor
Capacity(kW) 3
Voltage (V) AC415
Speed(r/min) 2900
Total weight(kg) 150
(14) Oil tank electric heater
Quantity 6 pieces
Voltage (V) AC240
Power (kW) 60 (6×10KW)
(15) Duplex type oil filter
18
Type: duplex type, ON and CLEAN can be switched during operation
Quantity: 1 set
Resistance: 0.05Mpa
Manufacturer:
(16) Turning gear
1) Type: motor-operated turning (be of the function of manual turning by one man)
Motor capacity (kW):15
Motor voltage (V):AC415
Motor speed (r/min):1000
2) Turning speed (r/min): 1.5
(17) Specification of the oil purifying equipment:
Model: QYJB-12
Type Coalescing separation + vacuum separation
Rated output: 12 m3/h
Model of oil feed pump 2CY-12/0.6 oil feed pump flow rate 12000 L/h
Head of oil feed pump 36m
Speed of oil feed pump 1440r/min
Model of oil feed pump motor YB132S-6 Rated power of oil feed pump motor 3kW
Manufacturer Zigong high-precision Filter Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
2.7 Steam turbine hydraulic control system

Name Unit Data
1. Dimension of fire resistant oil pump unit
m×m×m 2.1×1.4×0.7
and oil tank
Dimension of standby fire resistant oil tank m×m×m The system has no standby oil tank
Required oil mass of fire resistant oil system kg 1000
System idle capacity kg 500
Design pressure of fire resistant oil MPa (g) 14
Fire resistant oil reserve quantity m3 1.4
Trademark of fire resistant oil Phosphate ester fire resistant oil 46SJ
Standards of fire resistant oil quality NAS1638－5
Fire resistant oil pump
Type Variable piston pump
Quantity Set 2
Capacity kg/h 7700
Inlet: 0~0.01
Outlet and inlet pressure MPa (g)
outlet: 7~21 continuous and can be regulated
Motor
Type
Capacity kW 45
Voltage V 415AC
19
Name Unit Data
Speed r/min 1450
Total weight kg 35
2. Oil filter:
Type Vertical
Quantity Set Oil filter of high-precision
Overall dimension Ф mm×mm
3. Accumulator
Type Bag type
Quantity Set 4
Nitrogen filling pressure kPa (g) 9000
4. Fire resistant oil cooler
Type Horizontal U-tube type
Quantity Set 2 sets
cooling area m2 6
Design pressure:
Water side MPa (g) 1.6
Oil side MPa (g) 1.0
Design temperature:
Water side ℃ 41
Oil side ℃ >48
Material:
Tube stainless steel
Shell body stainless steel
Overall dimension (diameter × length) Φ mm×mm Φ219×1400
5. Fire resistant oil regenerative unit
Type Vertical diatomite + corrugation fiber
Quantity 1 set
6. Fire resistant oil circulating pump
Type Vane pump
Quantity Set 2
Capacity kg/h 1860
Pressure MPa (g) ≤1
Motor
Type Horizontal
20
Name Unit Data
Capacity kW 1.5
Voltage V 415
Speed r/min 1450
2.8 Steam turbine seal oil system

AC seal oil pump
Model Type Screw pump
Outlet pressure 1MPa Speed (r/min) 2901
flow rate m3/h
AC seal oil pump motor
YB2-132M
Model Power kW
-4
Voltage 415V Current 14.1A
Speed r/min Insulation level F
DC seal oil pump
HSNH-21
Model Outlet pressure 1MPa
0-54
Speed 1500 r/min Flow rate 15.84m3/h
Necessary net positive suction head 5.7m Shaft power 7.5 kW
DC seal oil pump motor
Model Z2-52 Power 7.5kW
Voltage 220V Current 41.1 A
Speed 1500r/min Insulation level
Excitation voltage 220V Excitation current 1.18A
Seal oil recirculating pump
Model Pressure MPa
Speed 1445r/min flow rate
Motor of seal oil recirculating pump
YB2-132S
Model Power 5.5kW
-4
Motor of seal oil vacuum pump
Model Power 1.5W
Speed 1410r/min Current 3.49A
Gas exhaust fan of seal oil
Model flow rate 420 m3/h
Full pressure 4.6kPa Speed 2920 r/min
Matched power 3 kW Manufacturer
Motor of seal oil gas exhaust fan
Model Power 1.5 kW
21
Speed 2860 r/min Manufacturer
2.9 Bypass system

1) Name of equipment: steam turbine bypass
2) Number of equipment: installed capacity in this project is 6X600MW subcritical unit, each of unit is
equipped with 2 HP bypass devices of 30% BMCR capacity and 2 LP bypass devices of matched capacity.
3) Type: hydraulic
4) Capacity: the total capacity of HP bypass is 60% of single unit BMCR capacity, this valve is of 10%
design margin. The LP bypass capacity meets the requirements of each operating condition parameter in
this Technical Specification.
FCB FCB
BMCR operating operating
Name of technical Cold Warm Hot Very hot
Unit operating condition condition
parameter startup startup startup startup
condition (transient (steady
state) state)
Inlet steam
MPa (a) 16.67 16.67 8.62 6 8.62 8.62 12.9
pressure
Inlet steam
℃ 538 538 526 335 400 440 500
temperature
Inlet steam flow

t/h 1241.4 1241.4 827.44 140 150 190 190
HP bypass value (total capacity)
rate
Outlet steam
MPa(a) 4.133 2.631 1.763 ~1.2 ~1.2 ~1.2 ~1.2
Pressure
Outlet steam
℃ 335 335.6 315.8 ~210 ~210 ~210 ~210
temperature
Outlet steam flow

t/h 2×716.2 2×703.64 2×480.28 2×75.05 2×84.73 2×112.11 2×116.89
rate
Design pressure of
inlet/outlet MPa(a) 18.24/4.65
pipeline
Design
temperature of
℃ 546/355
inlet/outlet
pipeline
HP spray water control
Operating pressure MPa(a) 24.25 22.78 ~10 ~10 ~10 ~10 ~15
(total capacity)
valve
Operating
℃ 185.2 182 151 ~151 ~151 ~151 ~151
temperature
Calculated flow
t/h 189 165 133 2×5.05 2×9.73 2×17.11 2×21.89
rate
22
FCB FCB
BMCR operating operating
Name of technical Cold Warm Hot Very hot
Unit operating condition condition
parameter startup startup startup startup
condition (transient (steady
state) state)
Design pressure of
attemperating MPa(a) 26.58
water pipeline
Design
temperature of
℃ 185
attemperating
water pipeline
Inlet steam
MPa(a) 3.72 2.368 1.587 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Pressure
Inlet steam
℃ 538 538 511 315 380 420 480
temperature
Inlet steam
t/h 2×716.27 2×357.5 2×276.5 2×75.05 2×84.73 2×112.11 2×116.89
LP bypass valve (total capacity)
flow rate
Outlet steam
MPa(a) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Pressure
Outlet steam
℃ 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
temperature
Outlet steam flow

t/h 2×921.44 2×461.71 2×351 2×83.41 2×98.7 2×134.28 2×145.82
rate
Design pressure of
MPa
inlet/outlet 3.94/0.78
(a)
pipeline
Design
temperature of
℃ 546/180
inlet/outlet
pipeline
Operating pressure MPa(a) 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
LP spray water control valve (total capacity)
Max operating
℃ 46.7 46.7 46.8 46.7 46.7 46.7 46.7
temperature
Calculated flow
t/h 2×205.17 2×104.21 2×75.22 2×8.36 2×14 2×22.6 2×29
rate
Design pressure of
MPa
attemperating 3.31
(a)
water pipeline
Design
temperature of
℃ 46.7
attemperating
water pipeline
23
2.10 Specification of closed cooling water system:
2.10.1 Closed circulating water pump
Specification of closed circulating water pump Specification of closed circulating water pump motor
Model OS150-460(Ⅱ)A Model Y2-3155-4
Shaft power kW Voltage V 415
Head m 60 Power kW 110
Speed r/min 1485 Speed r/min 1485
Flow rate m3/h 400 Current A 181
Manufacturer Shandongboshan
2.10.2 Closed circulating expansion tank

Type Vertical, barrel type
Shell diameter m 2.8
Total height of the shell m 2.1
Volume 10 m3
Manufacturer Shandong Fenghui Group Co., Ltd.
2.11 Specification of stator cooling water system:

Inlet water
Inlet water pressure 220Kpa 45±3℃
temperature
Return water temperature 73℃
Rated flow rate 1633 L/min
Conductivity Not higher than 0.5us/cm (at 20℃)
PH value 7-8 Hardness ≤2μg/L
Inner cooling water pump
Model 100-65-260 flow rate 110m3/h
Speed 2900r/min head 80m
Necessary et
Efficiency 72％ positive suction 4m
head
Inner cooling water pump motor
Model 225M-27H rated power 45KW
Voltage 415V Current A 75A
Speed 2970r/min
Inner cooling water cooler (material is tentatively not available)
Model Type Tube type
Design pressure of
Design pressure of tube side 1.2Mpa 1.2Mpa
shell side
Design temperature of tube Design temperature
60℃ 78℃
side of shell side
24
Test pressure shell
Test pressure of tube side 1.5Mpa 1.5Mpa
side
2.12 Summary table of steam turbine main data
No. Item Unit Data
I Unit performance and specification
Subcritical and primary intermediate reheating,
Unit type three-cylinder four-flow, single shaft and
condensing type
Model of steam turbine N600-16.7/538/538
Output under TMCR operating condition MW 600
Output under VWO operating condition MW 643
Output under HP heater full cut operating condition MW 600
TMCR main steam pressure MPa(a) 16.67
TMCR main steam temperature ℃ 538
TMCR HP cylinder exhaust pressure Mpa (a) 3.853
TMCR reheat steam inlet pressure Mpa (a) 3.468
TMCR reheat steam inlet temperature ℃ 538
TMCR main steam inlet flow t/h 1877.9
Max steam inlet flow of main steam t/h 2028
TMC reheat steam inlet flow t/h 1597.9
TMCR exhaust pressure Kpa(a) 10.3
Steam distributing mode Complex (nozzle/ throttle)
Design cooling water temperature (to condenser) ℃ 33
TMCR feed water temperature ℃ 277.3
Rated speed rpm/min 3000
Heat loss under TMCR operating condition (examination
kcal/kW.h 1943
value)
Feed water regeneration stages 3+1+4 (HP＋Deaerating＋LP)
Blade length of LP final stage mm 856
Total internal efficiency of steam turbine % 90.76
HP cylinder efficiency % 85.11
IP cylinder efficiency % 91.86
LP cylinder efficiency % 91.33
23 Flow stages
HP cylinder Stage 9
IP cylinder Stage 5
LP cylinder Stage 2×2×7
24 Critical speed See 1.2 Technical Parameter in Part 1 for details
25 Torsion frequency of unit shafting Hz
26 Overall dimension of unit (length, width and height) m 27.82×10.68×6.29
YES (120% rated speed, dwell time should not
27 Has the rotor performed overspeed test/test requirements
exceed 2min)
The unit has been performed final assembly and thermal Rotor is actually assembled, but thermal state test
28
state test before leaving factory. is not performed.
29 Governing device DEH YES
30 Safety monitoring device (TSI) YES
31 Elevation of operation level m 13.7 (tentative)
25
No. Item Unit Data
32 Max hoisting height m 10.525
33 Lift distribution of 30 years See 2.1.7 for details
Startup and operating mode (constant pressure and Combined startup of IP or HP&IP cylinders
34
variable pressure) Constant pressure and sliding pressure operation
35 Load range of variable pressure operation % 30~90
Load change rate of constant pressure and variable
36 %/min 4/6
pressure
37 Maximum of bearing vibration from 3 directions mm 0.025
38 Max vibration amplitude at critical speed mm 0.08
39 Max allowable backpressure value KPa (a) 18.6
40 Max allowable exhaust temperature ℃ 120
41 Noise level (1m away from the equipment surface) dB (A) 85
42 Turning gear
Turning speed rpm/min 1.5
Turning motor capacity and voltage kW/V 15/AC415
43 Does the shaft seal have self sealing system? YES
44 Time for the unit to maintain no-load. Not less than 15min and do not overspeed
Not lower than 90% in the first and second years after
45 Unit available rate putting into operation and not lower than 95% in the third
year.
46 Forced outage rate of unit ＜1.5%
II Steam turbine performance guarantee
Heat rate guarantee KJ/KWh 8137
Nameplate power MW 600
Max continuous output (TMCR) MW 600
Steam inlet flow under operating condition (VWO) that
t/h 2028
the valves are fully opened.
Max vibration amplitude on vertical and horizontal
mm 0.05
direction of shaft vibration at rated speed.
Max vibration amplitude on the vertical direction of
mm 0.025
bearing bracket at rated speed.
Max vibration amplitude when passing through critical
mm 0.10
speed
Max vibration amplitude of each bearing bracket when
mm 0.10
passing through critical speed.
26
Part 2 Startup of the Unit
Chapter 1 Impulse Starting of Steam Turbine
1.1 General rules of startup
1.1.1 Division of the startup state
According to the inner wall temperature in lower half where HP inner casing governing stage is located, the
startup state of steam turbine is divided into:
a. Cold state: below 320℃
b. Warm state: 320~420℃
c. Hot state: 420~445℃
d. Very hot state: above 445℃
According to the inner wall temperature in lower half where IP inner casing governing stage is located, the
startup state of steam turbine is divided into:
a. Cold state: below 305℃
b. Warm state: 305~420℃
c. Hot state: 420~490℃
d. Very hot state: above 490℃
1.1.2 The steam turbine is not permitted to start in any case as follows:
1) Eccentricity of rotor exceeds original value by 20m (original value is measured after installation or
overhaul).
2) Emergency governor operates abnormally or overspeed protection fails in operating reliably.
3) One of HP & IP automatic main stop valve, speed governing valve, steam extraction check valve or HP
exhaust check valve was choked and fails in closing tightly.
4) Steam turbine governing system fails in maintaining idle running speed or controlling the rotation speed
after load rejection below that at which the emergency governor operates.
5) During turning, there is clear friction sound occurred to the rotating parts of steam turbine and generator
or the current of turning gear increases obviously and oscillates greatly.
6) The temperature difference between upper and lower part of HP outer casing exceeds 50℃.
7) Unit trip parameters reach or exceed the limit value.
8) Main display instruments (such as the sensor and indicator for measuring speed, vibration, axial
displacement, relative expansion, speed governing, lubricating oil pressure, fire resistant oil pressure, outlet
oil temperature of oil cooler, bearing return oil temperature, pressure and temperature of main steam and
reheated steam, and vacuum of condenser, and the switch for adjusting safeguard system pressure, twin
thermocouple for measuring cylinder’s metal temperature and indicators, etc.) malfunction.
27
9) Any safety protection or system fails, or unit protection operating values are not in accordance with
stipulation.
10) One of the following equipment has fault or the corresponding interlock protection test is unqualified:
AC lubricating oil pump, DC lubricating oil pump, jacking oil pump, turning gear, EH oil pump; jacking
device and turning gear are abnormal.
11) The oil level of main oil tank and EH oil tank is lower than the limit value or the oil quality and
cleanliness are unqualified. Lubricating oil inlet temperature is abnormal and return oil temperature is
overhigh.
12) Water seeps through the steam turbine.
13) Quality of water and steam are not in accordance with requirements.
14) Heat preservation of the unit is imperfect.
15) For the regeneration system, the main governing and control systems (such as for deaerator water level,
automatic pressure control, bypass system protection and automatic control, and steam (electric)-driven
feed water pump, etc. ) malfunction.
16) Fault in DEH control system.
17) Unit trip parameters reach or exceed the limit value.
18) Steam source for control is abnormal.
1.1.3 Startup mode:
The unit adopts HP cylinder startup or IP cylinder startup mode.
Reference startup time: see following table (unit: min) of unit startup time:
Time for impulse starting Time for synchronization

Startup state Impulse starting mode
to rated speed (min) to rated load (min)
Startup for long HP & IP cylinder impulse starting 90 310

shutdown IP cylinder impulse starting 275 215
HP & IP cylinder impulse starting 70 210
Cold state
IP cylinder impulse starting 70 210
Warm state
Hot state
Very hot state
10% Rated load change - - -
1.1.4 Unit startup mode and times
The unit adopts HP cylinder startup or IP cylinder startup mode.
Startup times of unit are as follows:

28
(1) Cold startup: (shutdown for over 72h) 200 times
(2) Warm startup: (shutdown for between 10h to 72h) 2000 times
(3) Hot startup: (shutdown for within 10h) 5000 times
(4) Step load (load variation rate>10%TMCR/min) 12000 times
(5) Load continuously reduces to 40%TMCR 2500 times
(6) Load increases from 40% to 95%TMCR 50000 times in an hour
1.2 Preparations for startup
1.2.1 Checking and preparations prior to unit startup
1) All installation and maintenance works of equipment have been finished, site is neat, equipment heat
insulation is sound and all work sheets have been cancelled with detailed records of maintenance; only
upon the command to start the steam turbine unit given by the shift engineer, can the operations to start the
unit be performed;
2) The site is clean, the pass is unobstructed and lighting is good;
3) Before the unit starting, the electric and pneumatic power supplies should be switched on, the DEH,
DAS, MEH, ETS and TSI systems are normal through test and have been put into operation;
4) Electrical equipment has sound and qualified-insulated ground wire and has been energized, with
operating buttons displayed normally and all rotating mechanisms idling normally;
5) Sufficient and qualified demineralized water and hydrogen have been prepared for chemical treatment;
feed water tank has a normal level and contains water with qualified quality through assay;
6) The unit is good through interlock protection test and test prior to startup;
7) There is no jamming in the rotating parts of all auxiliary equipment. Bearing lubricating oil, cooling
water and sealing water system are normal;
8) All water and oil level meters are in operation; put all thermodynamic supervisory instruments into
operation and verify they are sound and serviceable;
9) Cooling tower and vacuum pump separator have been made up to normal water level;
10) The oil level of steam turbine main oil tank and EH oil tank is normal, oil circulation is good and oil
quality is qualified. The oil level of all power equipment is normal;
11) The rotating machine is normal through trial run part by part;
12) The compressed air system for instrument has been put into operation and is normal;
13) Check that system’s all valves are on correction position; check that system’s all pneumatic actuators
have had available pneumatic power supplies and operate normally, and all pneumatic valves are in correct
state;
14) Check and prepare the instruments and tools to be used in operation.
1.2.2 Tests prior to steam turbine startup (after overhaul and minor repair of unit)
1) Static test of steam turbine governing system;
2) ETS test of steam turbine;
29
3) Major interlock test of the unit;
4) Interlock test of AC lubricating oil pump and DC lubricating oil pump of steam turbine, and interlock
test of jacking oil pump and exhaust fan of main oil tank;
5) Interlock test of feed water pump;
6) Interlock test of circulating water pump;
7) Interlock test of vacuum pump;
8) Interlock test of condensate pump;
9) Interlock test of EH oil pump;
10) Protection test of HP& LP heater and deaerator;
11) ON/OFF tests of all motor-operated valves, and pneumatic valves and hydraulic valves;
12) Interlock test of HP & LP bypass devices;
13) Interlock test of open circulating water booster pump;
14) Interlock test of inner cooling water pump;
15) Interlock test of seal oil pump and seal oil exhaust fan;
16) Interlock test of shaft seal fan;
17) Interlock protection test of steam extraction check valves.
18) Interlock test of closed circulating water booster pump;
19) Interlock test of low-power steam turbine protection; interlock test of low-power steam turbine oil
pump.
1.3 Startup of auxiliary equipment and system of unit
1.3.1 Notice the feed water pump house to start the feed water pump to feed water to the circulating water
system, and check that the circulating water system accords with through-flow conditions. Then start the
circulating water pump to supply water to condenser.
1.3.2 Put one industrial water pump into operation as required, and put the industrial water system into
operation.
1.3.3 Start the open water pump, put the other one into interlock, and put the open cooling water system
into operation.
1.3.4 Start the condensate feed water pump to feed water to the closed water system until the closed water
tank level is normal, then start the closed water pump and put the closed water system into operation.
1.3.5 Put the compressed air system into operation.
1.3.6 Put the lubricating oil system into operation: start AC lubricating oil pump to fill the system with oil,
check that the pump outlet pressure is > MPa, sound, vibration and return oil of all bearings are normal, and
system has no oil leak.
1.3.7 Start one exhaust fan of main oil tank, adjust the inlet valve of the fan and make the oil tank’s
30
negative pressure keep at -196 ~ -245Pa, and put the other one into standby interlock.
1.3.8 Put the DC emergency oil pump into interlock.
1.3.9 Put the seal oil system into operation and adjust the sealing pad oil pressure to be higher than the
pressure of gas inside the generator by 0.056±0.02MPa.
1.3.10 Start hydrogen displacement in the generator and keep the hydrogen pressure at 0.1MPa.
1.3.11 Verify the water quality in inner cooling water tank is qualified, ion exchanger is operating normally,
water temperature at 40±2℃, and stator has been exhausted of air, raise the hydrogen pressure, put the
inner cooling water system of generator into operation, the hydrogen pressure inside generator must be
higher than the water pressure by more than 0.04MPa.
1.3.12 Start the jacking oil pump and put the unit into continuous turning operation 4h prior to impulse
starting.
1.3.13 Put the EH oil system into operation
1.3.14 Put the auxiliary steam system into operation that is operating normally.
1.3.15 Put the condensate water system into operation, with the water seal tape priming.
1.3.16 Verify the condenser’s flushing water quality is qualified, feed water to deaerator and put heater into
operation. Only when the deaerator water quality has been qualified, can feeding water to boiler be
performed. Feed water to boiler as required.
1.3.17 After warming up of shaft seal pipe by water drain is normal, put the auxiliary steam source for
steam seal system into operation, and start the shaft seal fan. Never supply steam to shaft seal before
putting the turning gear into operation.
1.3.18 Close vacuum breaking valve, start the vacuum pump to extract vacuum, and put the shaft seal
systems of main unit and low-power steam turbine into operation. When the vacuum of condenser reaches
30KPa, report to shift engineer and enable boiler ignition.
1.3.19 Inform the boiler staff to ignite the boiler
1.3.20 Ignite the boiler to increase temperature and pressure.
1.3.21 The bypass system may be put into operation when the vacuum reaches 80.3Kpa. Put the bypass
system into operation after warming up the piping of the LP bypass and HP bypass. First put the LP bypass
into operation (first the three-stage attemperating water when LP bypass is enabled), and then put the HP
bypass into operation, and put the bypass automatic control into operation.
1.3.22 Start the feed water pump according to the water level of steam drum and adjust the water flow with
feed water bypass.
1.3.23 After feed water pump start, put the HP heater water side into operation.
1.3.24 The up rate of temperature and pressure should be as per the requirement of boiler cold start.
1.3.25 Check that the main unit turning is normal.
1.3.26 Check that the drain valves for the main unit, low-power steam turbine proper, main steam and
reheated steam pipe, and steam extraction pipe have been opened.
31
1.3.27 Contact the chemical staff to test the steam quality is in conformity with impulse starting
requirements.
1.3.28 Contact the thermal control staff to check that all unit protections are on put-in position.
1.3.29 Preparations prior to steam turbine impulse starting
1.3.29.1 Test of main parameters before impulse starting:
Vacuum is above 74Kpa. EH oil pressure is 14.0MPa and oil temperature is 40~50℃.
Lubricating oil pressure is 0.11MPa and oil temperature is 38~45℃.
Turning gear is in normal operation, and rotor eccentricity is <110% original value and there is no
abnormity after 4h continuous turning.
Temperature difference between upper and lower cylinders of HP inner cylinder inner wall is < 35℃,
and temperature difference between upper and lower cylinder of HP & IP outer cylinder outer wall is
<50℃.
Hydrogen pressure of generator is 0.2~0.25MPa, inner cold water pressure is 0.15~0.2MPa and flow
is 90t/h.
1.3.29.2 Prewarming of steam turbine cylinder and main stop valve
(1) Cylinder prewarming condition:
a) Warming steam pressure is 0.5~0.7MPa and keep the temperature above 28℃, the steam flow rate is
7.9T/H and the pressure of HP cylinder during prewarming is 0.5~0.7MPa.
b) Confirm the main unit in the tripping condition.
c) Check that the turning gear of main unit is in normal operation.
d) The first stage inner wall temperature of HP cylinder is lower than 150℃.
e) Pressure in the condenser should not be more than 13.2KPa (a).
f) Check the steam pressure in the reheat pipe in the cold section should not be lower than 700 Kpa.
g) HP main steam valve is fully closed.
(2) Preparations for cylinder prewarming
a) Confirm that the cold reheat drain valve on head waters of check valve is Fully open.
b) Open the drain valve on steam lead pipe between HP governing valve and cylinder from 0% to 20%.
c) Close VV vent valve.
(3) Prewarming stage
a) Open the prewarming valve to 10% and check that the main unit VV valve is fully closed.
b) 10% opening of HP cylinder prewarming valve keeps should be kept for 20min and then open it to
30%.
c) 30% opening of HP cylinder prewarming valve should be kept for 20min and then open it from 30%
to 55% and keep this opening until the first stage inner wall temperature of HP cylinder rises slowly to
150℃.
d) Once the mental temperature reaches 150℃, chock the HP cylinder immediately and keep it as
showed in Figure 2.
(4) Operations after prewarming
a) Fully close the reverse flow valve of HP cylinder after prewarming.

b) Fully open the drain valve of steam lead pipe after the exhaust pressure of HP cylinder reaches
32
-50kPa (g).
c) Open VV vent valve.
(5) Precautions for warming up the cylinder
a) Metal temperature rise of cylinder should be in accordance with the requirements of temperature rise
ratio.
b) Inner pressure of HP cylinder (steam pressure after monitoring the first stage of HP cylinder of steam
turbine) should not exceed 0.7MPa (confirm HP exhaust check valve is closed).
c) Metal temperature difference between the upper and lower cylinders of steam turbine is normal
without any alarms.
d) Cylinder expansion, HP & LP cylinder differential expansion and rotor eccentricity are within the
allowable range.
e) Pay attention to monitor the working condition of turning gear.
33
Figure 1 HP cylinder prewarming procedure
Start Stop
No. Items
Opening of HP
cylinder reverse flow About 20min
valve About 20min
Startup order signal of

HP cylinder reverse
flow valve
Opening of drain valve

on steam lead pipe About 20%
Startup order signal of

drain valve on steam
lead pipe
Opening of vent valve
Opening of cold
reheated drain valve
Cold reheated steam About 700KPa (g)

pressure and About 210℃
temperature
About 50KPa (g)
About 550
Inner pressure of HP
KPa (g)
cylinder About -90KPa (g)
HP inner cylinder inner

wall metal temperature
after governing stage
34
Figure 2 Cylinder chocking time
Chocking time (h)
HP inner cylinder inner wall temperature before

prewarming and after governing stage (℃)
Prewarming HP governing valve case: when the inner wall temperature of steam turbine’s main steam stop
valve case is lower than 150℃, DEH will automatically prewarm the HP main steam stop valve case.
During prewarming, the #2 HP main steam stop valve is closed, the main steam for prewarming enters the
stop valve case via the equalizing valve of #1 main steam stop valve. Proceed the prewarming operation as
follows:
Confirm that the HP main steam stop valve and governing valve are fully closed;
Open the drain valves for HP main steam stop valve case and governing valve case;
DEH automatically opens #1 HP main steam stop valve to the PREWARM position, here it is
necessary to prevent rotor from impulse starting due to untight governor valve and turning gear
tripping;
Carefully observe the temperature difference between inner wall and outer wall of the governing valve
case, when which exceeds 80℃, DEH should automatically close the #1 HP main steam stop valve,
and when which is lower than 70℃, reset the #1 HP main steam stop valve to the PREWARM position
and repeat the same operations; when the temperature of inner wall and outer wall of the valve case
both rise to over 180℃, the governing valve case prewarming should be ended;
Verify the #1 HP main steam stop valve has been closed;
Close the drain valve of HP main steam stop valve case;
Precautions during prewarming:
Warming temperature rise rate must not exceed 50℃/h.
When the temperature difference and expansion valve between walls during warming are within the
allowable range, and the lower wall temperature is obviously higher than that of the upper wall, the
drain valve on cylinder body may be closed.
35
When the rotor impulse starting has been enabled by the prewarming steam, it is required to reduce the
prewarming steam pressure as appropriate (by adjusting the opening extent of HP and LP bypass or
turning down the RFV), and do not put the turning gear into operation once again until the rotor comes
to a standstill.
Pay attention to the automatic put-in condition of LP cylinder spraying, if not, put continuous spraying
into operation by hand.
Adjust the HP bypass and LP bypass along with boiler temperature and pressure rising, and keep the
given prewarming steam pressure.
During prewarming the governing valve case, prevent impulse starting rotor and turning gear tripping
due to untight governing valve.
1.3.29.3 Verify the drain valves for the following sections have been opened before impulse starting
1) High pressure section:
Drain valve in front of HP main steam stop valve;
Drain valve after HP main steam stop valve;
Drain valve for HP main steam pipe;
Drain valves for extraction check valves and in front of the valve on section no. 1 and no. 2;
Intermediate pressure section:
Drain valve for IP cylinder steam inlet chamber;
Drain valves in front of and after HP exhaust check valve;
Drain valve for IP combined steam valve;
Drain valve for IP cylinder exhaust outlet;
Low pressure section:
Drain valves for self-sealing system and shaft seal steam supply pipe.
1.4 Startup of steam turbine IP cylinder
1.4.1 Impulse starting steam parameters:
IP cylinder startup steam parameters:
Cold startup (long shutdown):
Main steam pressure: 6.0MPa; Main steam temperature: 335℃;

Reheated steam pressure: 1.10MPa; Reheated steam temperature: 315℃;
Condenser vacuum: >74kPa; HP bypass flow: >140t/h;
Cold startup (shutdown for 72h):
Main steam pressure: 6.0MPa; Main steam temperature:370℃;

36
Condenser vacuum: >74kPa; HP bypass flow: >120t/h;
Warm startup (shutdown for 48h):

Condenser vacuum: >74KPa; HP bypass flow: >150t/h;
Hot startup (shutdown for 8h):

Very hot startup (shutdown for 8h):

1.4.2 Pay main attention to monitor and adjust the following parameters when the unit starts up
Main reheated steam temperature and steam pressure.
Speed, vibration, differential expansion, cylinder temperature, cylinder expansion, axial displacement and
bearing temperature of main unit.
Lubricating oil temperature and oil pressure of main unit; bearing return oil temperature; oil level of oil
tank; EH oil pressure.
Water level and vacuum of condenser; water level, pressure and temperature of heater and deaerator; speed
of low-power steam turbine; feed water pressure and temperature.
Hydrogen pressure and temperature; differential pressure between seal oil and hydrogen; stator cooling
water temperature, pressure and flow rate.
HP & LP bypass parameters.
Current, temperature and vibration etc. of each operating auxiliary equipment.
1.4.3 Check the following operations on DEH and CRT in case of long shutdown of cold unit and startup of
IP cylinder.
1.4.3.1 Latch
Click the button of “LATCH” with mouse on the display of “AUTO CRT” and then choose “LATCH” . If
the “LATCH” indicator under the “TRIPPED” button lights turn to “LATCH”, it means latching is
successful. Check that IP main stop valve is normally opened.
1.4.3.2 Prewarming for CV valve casing
1.4.3.2.1 Conditions for prewarming: steam turbine has been reset: MSV, CV, ICV are fully closed.
1.4.3.2.2 Click “CV CHEST WARMING” button on the display of “AUTO CRT” with mouse and choose
and then choose “OPEN” on the popped up operating terminal. If the [OPEN]indicator under the “CV
37
CHEST WARMING” lights, it means the operation is successful. Then slightly open 21% of MSVR for
prewarming CV valve casing.
1.4.3.2.3 Choose “CV CHEST WARMING”[CLOSE]button.[ CLOSE]under “CV CHEST WARMING”
Indicator light is on, and right side HP main steam valve is fully closed.
1.4.3.3 Choose the startup mode
Click “START MODE” button with mouse on the display of “AUTO CRT” and then choose “IP START”
on the popped up operating terminal, the corresponding “IP START” indicator will light.
1.4.3.4 “LLM SET” setting
Click the “VAVAL LIMIT” button with mouse on the display of “AUTO LIMITS” ，on the popped up
operating terminal ，in the popped up dialog box to enter 100 directly and then press “INPUT”, the [INC]
lamp of “LLM SET” will light.
1.4.3.5 Acceleration ratio setting
Click “ACC RATE ” button with mouse on the display of “AUTO CRT”, and then input the required
acceleration ratio [100] and press “INPUT” in the popped up operating window.
1.4.3.6 Target speed setting
Click the “TARGET” button with mouse in the display of “AUTO CRT”, and then choose the required
target speed “TARGSPD”[200]and press “INPUT” on the popped up operating window.
1.4.3.7 MSV is fully open and ICV is gradually opened; the steam turbine speed rises to 200 r/min in the
acceleration ratio of 100 r/min/min.
1.4.3.8 Friction checks
Choose “FRIC CHK” [ON]and confirm “ALL VALVES CLOSED” light is on, MSV is fully closed, #1 and
#2 ICVs are closed; the steam turbine speed decreases gradually. Listen to the sound of steam turbine
friction carefully on site; rotor should not be in static state when checking friction, when the speed of steam
turbine reaches 100rpm, friction checks will be finished.
1.4.3.9 Hold/Reset
If the current valve position should be held during acceleration, click the button of “GO/HOLD” in the
display of “AUTO CRT”, and then choose “HOLD” on the popped up operating terminal. If there is no
need to hold the valve position, choose “GO” , the steam turbine will accelerate with the original speed.
1.4.3.10 Acceleration
1.4.3.10.1 Choose “ACC TATE”[100] and “TARGET” [1500]. Raise the speed to 1500 r/min with the
acceleration ratio within 100 r/min/min, meanwhile check that MSV is Fully open and CV is gradually
opened; the speed of steam turbine rises to 400 r/min with the speed of 100 r/min /min. 1min after the speed
of steam turbine reaching 400 r/min, CVs valve position should be held and ICV should be gradually
opened, the speed of steam turbine will rise.
1.4.3.10.2 If the IP cylinder starts up in warming mode, slightly open CV to warm up the HP cylinder when
the unit speed is under 400r/min; keep the opening of CV and open ICV when the speed is >400r/min; If
the startup of IP cylinder is not in warming mode, do not open HP control valve but open IP control valve
38
only. (Notes: when the HP cylinder starts up, IP control valve should be Fully open from the beginning to
adjust the speed relying on HP control valve.
1.4.3.10.3 “HEAT SOAK” is set automatically in the mode of IP cylinder startup, check that the light of
“ALL VALVES CLOSED” is off, #1 and #2 MSVs are open, #1~#4 CVs start the impulse starting to
400r/min, which will be locked by DEH; then #1 and #2 ICVs start impulse starting to 1500r/min to carry
out medium speed warming up, the indicator of target speed “1500r/min” is on, carry out medium speed
warming up. Confirm the warming up time.
1.4.3.10.4 The unit starts up after long shutdown in the mode of IP cylinder startup, warm up for 240min in
the speed of 1500 r/min. Increase the speed to 3000 r/min with the rate of 100 r/min /min after warming
up,.
1.4.3.11 The following check and operation should be carried out in the process of medium speed warming.
1.4.3.11.1 Open #5 and #6 extraction check valves and motor-operated valve and LP heater starts up by
sliding along with the turbine.
1.4.3.11.2 Check and confirm that the motor of turning gear has stopped rotating automatically. When the
motor of turning gear stops rotating, the green lamp will light.
1.4.3.11.3 Operating time is not permitted to be delayed in the critical speed area. Steam turbine speed
should be increased quickly and stably when it passes the critical speed area, therefore, steam turbine
cannot be controlled by EHG program in the critical speed area.
1.4.3.11.4 Metal temperature difference between inner wall and outer wall should be as small as possible
and should be less than the rated allowable limit value.
1.4.3.11.5 Check the unit cylinder expansion and differential expansion. If the indication of differential
expansion is close to red band region, decrease the steam temperature and speed to reduce the differential
expansion. If the differential expansion of HP & IP cylinder is in red band region, shut down immediately
and start up turning gear to drive the shaft to make the cylinder temperature match with the rotor
temperature. If the differential expansion of LP steam turbine is in orange band region, it is not necessary to
shut down but take other measures until the indication of differential expansion is lower than the value of
orange band region because the unit tripping in the orange band region may cause rotor elongation, which
may make the indication of differential expansion get to the red band region.
1.4.3.11.6 Vibration checks. Check and confirm that the vibration probe of steam turbine supervise
instrument (TSI) is in normal operation. If vibration exceeds the standard, it should be shut down
immediately.
1.4.3.11.7 Monitor the friction sound. If serious friction occurs, shut down immediately and find out the
causes.
1.4.3.11.8 Exhaust pressure of condenser checks. When the unit speed reaches 1500r/min, the exhaust
pressure of unit should be less than 12 kPa; when it is in normal operation and is of normal vacuum degree,
LP cylinder exhaust temperature should not exceed 80℃ before synchronization.
1.4.3.11.9 When the bearing oil temperature reaches synchronization speed, oil inlet temperature of bearing
should not be lower than 38℃.
1.4.3.11.10 The “1500 r/min” indicator will be off with set target speed of “3000 r/min” after medium
speed warming.
39
1.4.3.11.11 Press the button of “HEAT SOAK” to reset after medium speed warming; check and confirm
CV is closed tightly and VV valve is Fully open.
1.4.3.12 Steam turbine speed continues to rise.
1.4.3.12.1 Choose “ACC RATE” [100] and “TARGET” [3000]. Check that ICV is open and the speed rises
and control the acceleration ratio of [3000] at 100 r/min /min.
1.4.3.12.2 Steam turbine speed will be held at the current speed if “GO/HOLD” [HOLD] is chose during
acceleration,
1.4.3.12.3 Steam turbine will rise with original speed if “GO/HOLD ” [GO] is chose during acceleration,.
1.4.3.13 The following checks and operation should be carried out during unit acceleration and after the
speed is constant at 3000r/min.
1.4.3.13.1 When steam turbine speed is 2500 r/min, check that jacking oil pump stops automatically, if not,
stop it manually and choose “auto startup” mode.
1.4.3.13.2 Oil charging test should be carried out in the following situation after the unit speed is constant
and before synchronization test.
a. Carry out emergency governor test by using overspeed method in the latest shutdown.
b. There is no specified emergency governor test in the List of Regular Operation Test.
c. Emergency governor has not been adjusted or put into operation.
1.4.3.13.3 Overspeed test should be carried out in the following situations after the unit speed is constant
and before synchronization test:
a. Overspeed method is not used in the emergency governor test in the latest shutdown.
b. There is emergency governor test required in the List of Regular Operation Test.
1.4.3.13.4 Carry out oil charging test first and then overspeed test if the emergency governor has been put
into operation or adjusted after the unit speed is constant and before synchronization.
1.4.3.13.5 After the steam turbine reaches rated speed, close motor startup pump (MSP) and auxiliary oil
pump (TOP) and choose “auto startup” mode. After closing the above pumps, check and confirm that the
oil supply pressure of bearing is normal and the green light is on.
1.4.3.13.6 Exhaust mental temperature of HP & IP cylinder should be monitored during warming. Control
the mental temperature of HP exhaust cylinder at about 250 ℃. The target value of medium speed warming:
air inlet part of IP inner wall reaches 320 ℃, HP governing stage inner wall temperature reaches 320 ℃,
the corresponding IP exhaust temperature reaches 240 ℃ and the expansion of HP & IP cylinder is more
than 8 mm, warming will be completed.
1.4.3.13.7 Generator hydrogen cooler should be put into operation after the unit speed is constant,
1.4.3.14 Set warming time for 80min when the steam turbine speed rises to 3000 r/min.
1.4.3.15 Parameters after cold startup for long outage and synchronization bypass switching:
Main steam pressure: 6.0MPa Main steam temperature: 385℃

Reheated steam pressure: 0.5 MPa Reheated steam temperature: 365℃
Main steam flow rate: 250t/h Reheated steam flow rate: 140 t/h
Load point: 9% of rated value
40
1.4.4 Startup mode of IP cylinder and operation under other operating conditions
1.4.4.1 Cold startup after shutdown for 72h
Steps for startup are the same as that of cold long shutdown, increase speed to 1500 r/min with the rate of
100 r/min /min and warm up for 40 min; increase the speed to 3000 r/min with the rate of 100 r/min /min
after warming up and warm up for 35 min for synchronization. The parameters after synchronization and
bypass switching:

Main steam flow: 240t/h Reheated steam flow: 140 t/h
Load point: 9% rated
1.4.4.2 Warm startup after shutdown for 48h
Steps for startup operation are the same as that of cold long shutdown, directly choose to increase to 3000
r/min with the rate of 150 r/min /min after friction checks. Synchronize after warming up for 18 min. The
parameters after synchronization and bypass switching:

1.4.4.3 Hot startup after shutdown for 8h
r/min with the rate of 300 r/min /min after friction checks. Synchronize after checking that all parts of unit
are normal. The parameters after synchronization and bypass switching:

1.4.4.3 Startup after shutdown for 1h in very hot state
are normal. The parameters after synchronization and bypass switching:

1.5 Impulse starting in HP cylinder startup mode
1.5.1 Impulse starting steam parameters:
Steam parameter in HP cylinder startup mode:
Cold startup (shutdown for long-term):
41
Main steam pressure: 6.0MPa Main steam temperature: 325℃;
Reheated steam temperature: 300℃ Main steam flow: >100t/h;
Condenser vacuum: >74KPa；
Cold startup (shutdown for 72h):

Reheated steam temperature: 320℃; HP bypass flow: >100t/h;
Condenser vacuum: >74KPa;
Warm startup (shutdown for 48h):

Reheated steam temperature: 350℃; HP bypass flow: >110t/h;
Hot startup (shutdown for 8h):

Reheated steam temperature: 430℃; HP bypass flow:>150t/h;
Very Hot startup (shutdown for 1h):

Reheated steam temperature: 465℃; HP bypass flow:>150t/h;
1.5.2 The following checks and operations should be carried out on AUTO CRT in HP cylinder cold
startup.
1.5.2.1 Impulse starting mode is “HP START”. Confirm HP & LP bypass are fully closed.
1.5.2.2 Steam turbine latching
Click the button of “LATCH” with mouse in the display of “AUTO CRT”, and choose “LATCH” in the
popped up operating terminal. If the indicator of “LATCH” under the button of “LATCH” is on, its means
latching is successful. Check that the HP & IP main stop valve is opened and confirm the speed is 0r/min.
1.5.2.3 Choose “LLM SET” to be 100% and [INC] light of “LLM SET” is on.
1.5.2.4 Friction check
Choose “ACC RATE” [100] and “TARGET” [200]. MSV is Fully open. ICV is opened and CV is gradually
opened; the speed of steam turbine rises to 200r/min with the speed of 100 r/min /min. Choose “FRIC
CHK” [ALL VALVE CLOSE], MSV and ICV are fully closed, CV is closed; the speed of steam turbine
decreases gradually. The check for steam turbine friction starts. Listen to the sound of steam turbine friction
carefully on site; rotor should not be in static state during friction check. When the speed of steam turbine
reaches 100rpm, friction check is completed.
1.5.2.5 Acceleration
Choose “ACC RATE” [100] and “TARGET” [1500]. Check that the light of “ALL VALVES CLOSED” is
off, #1 and #2 MSV are opened, HP & IP control valves start impulse starting to 1500rpm for medium
warming, check and confirm that the HP exhaust check valve is opened, VV and BDV are closed. The
42
indicator lamp of “1500rpm” is on when the speed reaches 1500rpm. Open #5 and #6 extraction check
valve and motor-operated valve, and LP heater starts up by sliding along with the turbine.
1.5.2.6 Medium speed warming is finished after 60min, the indicator lamp of “1500rpm” is off and the
indicator light of “3000rpm” is on and the steam turbine speed continues rising.
1.5.2.7 Choose “ACC RATE” [100] and “TARGET” [3000]. MSV is fully open, ICV opens and CV are
gradually opened; the speed of steam turbine rises with the acceleration ratio100 r/min/min.
1.5.2.8 If “GO/HOLD” [HOLD] is chose during unit acceleration, Steam turbine will be controlled at the
current speed.
1.5.2.9 If “GO/HOLD ” [GO] is chosen during unit acceleration, Steam turbine speed will rise with the
original speed ratio.
1.5.2.10 The unit speed becomes constant.
When the speed is at 3000 r/min, choose “HEAT SOAK” [ON], “HEAT SOAK” [ON] lamp will light and
warm up for 60min.
1.5.2.11 The following checks and operations should be carried out during unit acceleration and after the
speed is constant,
1.5.2.11.1 When the speed of steam turbine is at 2500rpm, check that the jacking oil pump stops
automatically, if not, stop it manually and choose “auto startup” mode.
1.5.2.11.2 After the steam turbine speed becomes constant, shut down TOP and MSP oil pumps and pay
attention to check that the main unit lubricating oil pressure is normal and main oil pump is in normal
operation, and choose the mode of “auto startup”. After closing the above oil pumps, check and confirm
that the bearing oil supply pressure is normal and the green light is on.
1.5.2.11.3 Operation time should not be delayed in the critical speed area, steam turbine speed should rise
quickly and stable when passing the critical speed area; the steam turbine cannot be restricted by EHG
program in the critical speed area.
1.5.2.11.4 The temperature difference of inner mental wall and outer mental wall should be as little as
possible and should be smaller than the rated allowable limiting value.
1.5.2.11.5 Check that the cylinder expansion and differential expansion of steam turbine are smaller than
the rated value.
1.5.2.11.6 Vibration checks. If vibration exceeds the specified value, shut down the turbine immediately.
Monitor the friction sound, if serious friction occurs, shut down immediately and find out the causes. The
oil inlet temperature of bearing should not be lower than 38℃ when the bearing oil temperature reaches
the speed of synchronization,
1.5.2.11.7 Put the generator hydrogen cooler into operation as required; check that the stator cooling water
system of generator is in normal operation and stator cooling water pressure is 196KPa; check that
generator hydrogen pressure is 0.39MPa; check that hydrogen and oil differential pressure of generator seal
oil system is 56KPa.
1.5.2.11.8 Carry out the emergency governor test through oil spray test in the following situations after the
unit speed becomes constant and before synchronization.
43
a. Carry out emergency governor test by using overspeed method in the latest shutdown.
b. There is no specified emergency governor test in the List of Regular Operation Test.
c. Emergency governor has not been adjusted or put into operation.
1.5.2.11.9 Carry out emergency governor test through overspeed in the following situations after the unit
speed is constant and before synchronization test
a. Overspeed method is not used in the emergency governor test in the latest shutdown.
b. There is emergency governor test required in the List of Regular Operation Test.
1.5.2.11.10 Carry out oil tripping test first and then overspeed test if the emergency governor has been put
into operation or adjusted after the unit speed becomes constant and before synchronization test.
1.5.2.11.11 Pay attention to observe the HP exhaust check valve; trip the unit if it swings seriously when
adopting HP cylinder startup mode.
1.5.2.12. Put the generator hydrogen cooler into operation after the unit speed becomes constant.
1.5.2.13 Set warming time for 80min when the steam turbine speed rises to 3000 r/min.
1.5.2.14 Parameters of warm-up for 60min after cold startup for long shutdown and synchronization bypass
switching:

Reheated steam temperature: 365℃ Main steam flow: 110t/h
1.5.3 HP cylinder startup mode and operations under other operating conditions
1.5.3.1 Cold startup after shutdown for 72h
Steps for startup operation are the same as that of cold long shutdown, increase to 1500 r/min with the rate
of 100 r/min /min after friction checks and warm up for 30 min; after warming up, increase to 3000 r/min
with the rate of 100 r/min /min and warm up for 30 min and then synchronizes. The parameters after
warming up for 60 min with synchronization load of 2% initial load:

1.5.3.2 Warm startup after shutdown for 48h
r/min with the rate of 150 r/min /min after friction checks. Synchronize after warming up for 18 min. The
parameters after warming up for 15 min with synchronization load of 3% initial load:

1.5.3.3 Hot startup after shutdown for 8h
are normal. The parameters after warming up for 10 min with synchronization load of 5% initial load:

44
1.5.3.4 Very hot startup after shutdown for 1h
are normal. The parameters after warming up for 10 min with synchronization load of 5% initial load:

1.6 Precautions in the process of steam turbine impulse starting
1.6.1 Check during the unit startup that the auxiliary equipment is in normal operation without conditions
limiting the unit startup.
1.6.2 Ensure that the superheat degree of main steam and reheated steam getting into the steam turbine is at
least above 50℃ and matches with the cylinder metal temperature of admission area in the whole unit
impulse starting process.
1.6.3 Check that steam turbine shaft seal system is in normal operation, shaft seal mains pressure is
between 0.026 and 0.028MPa, shaft seal steam supply temperature matches with the steam turbine metal
temperature and cold startup shaft seal steam supply temperature is 200℃~250℃.
1.6.4 Check that the main unit lubricating oil pressure is 0.176MPa, bearing oil inlet temperature is >38℃
~45℃ and jacking oil pressure is 16MPa. Fire resistant oil pressure is 11.2MPa, fire resistant oil
temperature is 40℃~45℃ and check that each bearing return oil temperature is < 65℃.
1.6.5 Check that the hydrogen oil and water system of generator is in normal operation, hydrogen pressure
is 0.4 MPa, seal oil hydrogen oil differential pressure is 0.056 MPa and stator cooling water pressure is
0.196 MPa.
1.6.6 Keep the main steam temperature is larger than 335℃ and temperature rise rate is 0.125℃/min after
cold startup impulse starting.
1.6.7 Check that the water level of each heater, deaerator and condenser is normal.
1.6.8 Check the steam turbine axial displacement, -1.05mm< axial displacement <+0.6; HP & IP & LP
cylinder expansion <50mm; differential expansion, - 5.3 <HP & IP differential expansion<+10.3 , -4.6 <LP
differential expansion<+19.8; shaft eccentricity<110% of original value.
1.6.9 Check that each bearing vibration and shaft vibration of steam turbine is normal, bearing vibration
≤0.05mm, shaft vibration ≤0.125mm, critical bearing vibration ≤0.08mm, shaft vibration ≤0.15mm.
1.6.10 Check the opening and parameters of HP & LP bypass.
1.6.11 Check that the temperature difference between upper and lower cylinders, inner and outer
temperature difference of steam turbine cylinder is normal.
1.6.12 Check that the exhaust temperature of HP cylinder is normal that is <400℃, check that the exhaust
temperature of LP cylinder is normal, put spray type attemperator of LP cylinder to AUTO; begin to open
the spray solenoid valve when the exhaust cylinder temperature is ≥ ℃, and fully open it when the
temperature reaches 80℃.
45
Chapter 2 Unit Run-up
2. Unit load-on
2.1 Warm up with 2% rated load after the synchronization of generator, put the hydrogen cooler and
hydrogen moisture removal device into operation.
2.2 The time of initial load warming is set as follows:
2.2.1 Startup mode of IP cylinder:
2.2.1.1 Warming time and run-up rate of IP cylinder cold startup (long shutdown)
Switch the bypass valve after cold startup and synchronization with 2% initial load and warming up 50 min.
After switching, run up to 30% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 20 min, then
run up to 50% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 20 min, and then run up to
100% of rated load with run-up rate of 1%/min.
2.2.1.2 Warming time and run-up rate of IP cylinder cold startup
Switch the bypass valve after cold startup and synchronization with 2% initial load and warming up 50 min.
After switching, run up to 30% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 20 min, then
run up to 50% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 20 min, and then run up to
100% of rated load with run-up rate of 1%/min.
2.2.1.3 Warming time and run-up rate of IP cylinder warm startup
Switch the bypass valve after warm startup and synchronization with 3% initial load and warming up
15min. After switching, run up to 30% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.75%/min and warm up for 15min,
then run up to 50% of rated load with run-up rate of 1%/min and warm up for 15min, and then run up to
100% of rated load with run-up rate of 1.5%/min.
2.2.1.4 Warming time and run-up rate of IP cylinder hot startup
46
Switch the bypass valve after hot startup and synchronization with 5% initial load and warming up 10min.
After switching, run up to 30% of rated load with run-up rate of 1.0%/min and warm up for 10min, then run
up to 50% of rated load with run-up rate of 1.5%/min and warm up for 10min, and then run up to 100% of
rated load with run-up rate of 2.0%/min.
2.2.1.5 Warming time and run-up rate of IP cylinder very hot startup
Switch the bypass valve after hot startup and synchronization with 5% initial load and warming up 5min.
After switching, run up to 30% of rated load with run-up rate of 1.0%/min and warm up for 5min, then run
up to 50% of rated load with run-up rate of 1.5%/min and warm up for 5min, and then run up to 100% of
rated load with run-up rate of 2.5%/min.
2.2.2 Startup mode of HP cylinder:
2.2.2.1 Warming time and run-up rate of HP cylinder cold startup (long shutdown)
Run up after cold startup and synchronization with 2% initial load and warming up 50 min. Run up to 30%
of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 30min, then run up to 50% of rated load with
run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 25min, and then run up to 100% of rated load with run-up rate of
0.5%/min.
2.2.2.2 Warming time and run-up rate of HP cylinder cold startup
Run up after cold startup and synchronization with 2% initial load and warming up 60 min. Run up to 30%
of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 15min, then run up to 50% of rated load with
0.5%/min.
2.2.2.3 Warming time and run-up rate of HP cylinder warm startup
Run up after warm startup and synchronization with 3% initial load and warming up 15 min. Run up to
30% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.5%/min and warm up for 15min, then run up to 50% of rated load
with run-up rate of 1.0%/min and warm up for 10min, and then run up to 100% of rated load with run-up
rate of 1.5%/min.
2.2.2.4 Warming time and run-up rate of HP cylinder hot startup
Run up after hot startup and synchronization with 5% initial load and warming up 5 min. Run up to 30% of
rated load with run-up rate of 0.75%/min and warm up for 10min, then run up to 50% of rated load with
2.0%/min.
2.2.2.5 Warming time and run-up rate of HP cylinder very hot startup
Run up after very hot startup and synchronization with 5% initial load and warming up 5min. Run up to
30% of rated load with run-up rate of 0.75%/min and warm up for 10min, then run up to 50% of rated load
with run-up rate of 1.5%/min and warm up for 10min, and then run up to 100% of rated load with run-up
rate of 2.0%/min.
2.3 Change-over of steam turbine control mode
2.3.1 Carry out switch operation to the startup of IP cylinder. Choose “LOAD CTL” [ON], the lamp of
“LOAD CTL” [ON] will light.
47
2.3.2 Check that #1~#2 ICV are almost fully open, BDV valve is closed and #1~#4 CV start to open when
Load increases
2.3.3 CV will be held in the current valve position with the increase of load. HP & LP bypass valves will be
fully closed gradually, VV is fully closed and pay attention to check that the HP exhaust check valve is
opened.
2.3.4 Pay attention to check and record the opening of HP & LP bypass valves, the flow rate behind HP
bypass should not be too much to prevent the load from increasing too high after switching. HP & LP
bypass valves are in the “REMOTE” position; main and reheated steam pressure meets the requirements of
startup curve.
2.3.5 Pay attention to water level changes of drum in the process of switch operation, reinforce the
coordination of steam turbine and boiler, stabilize combustion and maintain the water level of drum normal.
Fully check the drain valves after finishing switching.
2.4 After warming up of IP cylinder cold startup, increase oil gun putting into boiler and run up, switch the
bypass valve of steam turbine with run-up rate of 30MW/min, temperature rise rate of main and reheated
steam temperature is 0.125℃/min. The load will reach 54MW, main steam pressure will be kept at 6.0MPa,
the main steam temperature will be at 385℃ and the reheated steam temperature will be 365℃after
switching valves.
2.5 Prepare to start up the first low-power steam turbine after switching the HP & LP bypass valve.
2.6 Check that the following drain valves in HP section of steam turbine will close automatically when load
is 72MW:
a. Drain valves of main steam mains and the front valve of #1 and #2 HP main stop valve
b. The upper and lower valve seat drain valves of #1 and #2 HP main stop valve.
c. Drain valve of HP control valve lead pipe.
d. Drain valves of #1 and #2 combined intermediate valve seat.

e. Drain valve of hot section mains and front drain valve of #1 and #2 combined intermediate valves.
f. The front and rear drain valves of HP exhaust check valve and drain valve of cold mains.
2.7 Check that the lubricating oil system and MEH system of feed water pump steam turbine are normal
when the load is 120MW, then start up the first feed water pump steam turbine. After the water level of
drum is stable, put drum water level to AUTO according to the operation conditions of steam-driven feed
water pump,
2.8 When the load is 120MW, deaerator will reverse form standby steam supply to extraction section no.4
of this turbine.
2.9 Open the steam extraction check valve and motor-operated valve of each stage in turn from low to high
and put HP heater into operation when the load is 150MW.
2.10 Fully check and close the steam-driven drain valve in LP section and check that the indications of all
motor-operated and steam-driven drain valves on LCD are correct when the load increases to 180MW,
2.11 Run up to 300MW after warming up for 20min with 180MW load with increasing rate of 3MW/min.
The rising temperature rate of main steam is 1.5℃/min and rising pressure rate of main steam is
0.1MPa/min.
48
2.12 Keep the load for 20min when it is 300MW and confirm the main steam pressure rises to 10.0MPa,
main steam temperature is 520℃ and reheated steam temperature is 510℃.
2.13 Open the motor-operated isolating valve from cold section of this turbine to auxiliary steam header
when the unit load is 300MW.
2.14 Start up the second steam-driven feed water pump, when its speed is the same as that of the first
operating pump, put the speed to auto control.
2.15 Lower the output of motor feed water pump gradually; after the two steam pumps are in normal
operation, stop the motor feed water pump and put it into standby.
2.16 Confirm all the systems are in normal operation and contact thermodynamic personnel to put them
into automatic control.
2.17 When the main steam pressure reaches 10.0MPa, increase the opening of continuous blowdown flash
tank to perform silicon cleaning; the pressure can be boosted continuously when the silicon content in the
boiler water reaches the allowable silicon content of next degree pressure according to the chemical
analysis. Perform silicon cleaning according to the requirements under each pressure in the following table.
Pressure (MPa) 9.8 11.8 14.7 16.7 17.7
SiO2 content (mg/L) 3.3 1.28 0.5 0.3 0.2
2.18 Run up to 600MW after warming up for 20min with 300MW load with increasing rate of 6MW/min.
The rising temperature rate of main steam temperature is 1.5℃/min and rising pressure rate of main steam
pressure is smaller than 0.2MPa/min.
2.19 The steam turbine extraction section no.4 will supply steam to auxiliary steam header of this turbine
when load is 360MW.
2.20 The main steam pressure will be 16.7MPa, main steam temperature will be 538℃, reheated steam
pressure will be 3.443MPa and reheated steam temperature will be 538℃ when load is 600MW.
2.21 The unit is o full load, make an overall check and adjust the equipment of unit to make them in the
best operation condition; the unit will be put into normal operation if there is no abnormity and count the
current faults of the unit.
49
Chapter 3 Precautions for Unit Startup
3. Precautions for startup
3.1 Precautions for steam turbine startup
3.1.1 It is forbidden to supply steam to steam seal when the unit starts up but the rotor of main unit is not
rotating, and it should supply steam to steam seal an then extract vacuum no matter in cold or hot startup.
3.1.2 Prevent main steam and reheated steam temperature from fluctuating significantly and strictly prevent
steam with water after the steam turbine starts up.
3.1.3 In the whole process of startup, pay attention to confirm that the water level of condenser, deaerator,
heater, condensate make-up tank and stator cooling water tank is normal and oil level of each main oil tank,
fire-resistant oil tank, seal oil tank and oil tank of feed water pump steam turbine is normal and the oil
temperature is in accordance with the requirements.
3.1.4 Put lubricating oil temperature and fire resistant oil to AUTO after impulse starting of main unit,
3.1.5 Listen carefully to the friction sound of unit on site during acceleration of steam turbine. Shut down
and find out the causes if there are any abnormities.
3.1.6 Ensure that the HP bypass flow rate meets the switch requirements when it operates in switch region.
3.1.7 After the shutdown of TOP and MSP oil pump and jacking oil pump, put them to standby in time.
3.1.8 Try to control the steam turbine metal temperature rise rate after synchronization because steam flow
and boiler combustion rate is increasing and main steam and reheated steam temperature rise very quickly.
3.1.9 Adjust the steam temperature and load to reduce the difference between mental temperature and steam
temperature. If mental temperature is higher than the steam temperature, run up quickly or increase the
steam temperature quickly. If mental temperature is lower than steam temperature, maintain the current
steam temperature or the load. It cannot be allowable to use the methods of reducing temperature or
reducing the load to adjust the temperature difference between mental and steam.
3.1.10 Maintain initial load until steam outlet temperature of LP cylinder cools to below 52℃. Pay
attention that the exhaust temperature of LP cylinder should not exceed 80℃ before synchronization of
generator. Put LP cylinder spray into operation and the spray control valve will start to open when the
temperature of exhaust cylinder ≥47℃ and open to full when the temperature reaches 80℃.
3.1.11 Switch the shaft seal diverter valve to #8A LP heater in time after the unit is in normal operation,.
3.1.12 Make up hydrogen to the generator in time during unit run-up.
3.1.13 Choose the control mode according to the generator and boiler conditions when the unit load is >
30% rated load.
3.1.14 See the following table for opening state and function of valves on in all the stages of IP cylinder
startup
50
Period/Function ICV CV VV CRCV HPBV LPBV
Before impulse
Fully closed Fully closed Fully closed Fully closed Partially open Partially open
starting
Slightly open in
cold state and
Acceleration Partially open Fully open Fully closed Partially open Partially open
fully open in other
states
Slightly open in
cold state and
Cold warming up Partially open Fully open Fully closed Partially open Partially open
fully open in other
states
Synchronization Partially open Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Partially open Partially open
With initial load Partially open Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Partially open Partially open
Partially open
Partially open Fully closed to Fully open to Fully closed Partially open
Switch load to fully
to fully open partially open fully closed to Fully open to fully closed
closed
Run up Fully open Partially open Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Fully closed
Run down Partially open Partially open Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Fully closed
Trip Fully closed Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Partially open Partially open
Control Prevent Prevent
Control
steam Control steam overtemperature inverse flow Control main
Function pressure of
admission of quantity with load of HP cylinder of steam to steam pressure
reheater
IP cylinder steam exhaust HP cylinder
3.1.15 Precautions during generator startup:
Impulse starting can be carried out (hydrogen substitution operation can be operated when the speed of
steam turbine is below 1000 r/min in the special occasions) only after hydrogen system, seal oil system and
cooling water system of generator put into normal operation (temperature, pressure, flow rate, humidity,
purity and hydrogen oil and water quality).
51
Part 3 Unit Operation
Chapter 1 Operation Contents
1.1 Operators for all positions should record the indications of meters regularly and correctly according to
the requirements of operation log and completely record the abnormity of unit on duty and operation in the
duty record.
1.2 Perform routine inspection to the equipment regularly and routinely when the unit is in operation or
standby. Perform inspection focusing on oil system to prevent the accident of fire disaster caused by oil
leakage. When some problem is found, Report and contact the relevant departments in time to remove them
if there are any problems and record the equipment defects in the Defect Recoding Book so that positive
preparations can be made aiming at the equipment defects. Do not affect hot work sampling when isolation
measures are taken, remove the protection that may be operated by mistake with confirmation by
thermodynamic personnel and approval by general engineer if necessary.
1.3 Check the operation condition of unit and monitor the indication of meters regularly. Find out the
causes when the meter indication is found to have difference with the normal value. When the equipment
has faults, contact and report in time and take necessary measures. Current, sound, temperature, vibration
and bearing oil level etc. of all operating equipment should be normal.
1.4 Standby equipment should be in good standby condition and interlock is in ON position.
1.5 Pay special attention to the operation condition of unit in the following conditions:
1.5.1 Load changes sharply;
1.5.2 Steam parameter or vacuum changes sharply;
1.5.3 There is abnormal sound in the turbine;
1.5.4 The system has faults;
1.5.5 AUTO cannot be put into operation.
1.6 Adjust the operation mode reasonably in time and analyze and handle the abnormity of equipment to
ensure safe and economic operation.
1.7 Monitor and adjust the bearing steam pressure of turbine to prevent the air from getting inside and
steam leakage according to the change of load.
1.8 On-duty operators should do the regular test and switching of equipment well according to the rules and
are entitled to supervise the relevant personnel to do the preventative maintenance work for the equipment,
such as regular oiling for the equipment, medium, test, regular screw tightening and flushing gauge pipe
etc.
1.9 Closely monitor the operating parameters and operating conditions during equipment operation and the
equipment is strictly prohibited to operate beyond output except for accident treatment.
1.10 Strengthen routine inspection and monitor to the equipment newly put into operation or operate with
faults.
52
1.11 Relevant auto adjustment should be released depending on the circumstances by personnel on duty if
there are any abnormal operating conditions or the unit operating conditions change obviously and carry
out manual adjusting to make all the operation parameters of unit stable. Be careful when releasing AUTO
and operating manually. Do not adjust too much when adjusting the load of coal mill, blower fan output
and main and reheat steam temperature and contact and cooperate with each other to prevent operating
parameters from fluctuating in a large range and to avoid causing abnormity of unit or accident expansion.
1.12 Precautions for motor startup
1) Allowable startup times of squirrel-cage motor in cold and hot state should be enforced according to the
regulations of manufacturer, or confirm the times according to the mechanical characteristics and startup
conditions if there are no regulations of manufacturer. Normally, it is allowed to start up twice in cold state
with interval not smaller than 5min and it is allowed to start up once in hot state; only motors under
accident treatment and with startup time not exceeding 2~3s can be started up once more.
When dynamic balancing test is carried out, startup interval should:
——not be smaller than 0.5h for motors under 200kW;
——not be smaller than 1h for motors between 200kW and 500kW;
—— not be smaller than 2h for motors above 500kW.
Cold and hot state regulations of motor:
——Cold state: the temperature of motor itself is 60℃ and blew;
——Hot state: the temperature of motor itself is over 60℃
2) Closely monitor the changes of startup current when the motor starts up. Stop the motor if the current
doesn’t return for a long time after startup or the ammeter pointer doesn’t move and motor doesn’t rotate
after closing, start it up again after finding out the causes.
3) Contact the relevant personnel in advance before starting up large-scale motor or DC motor by the
on-duty personnel except the condition of accident, but it is necessary to inform the relevant personnel after
treating the accident.
4) When the motor in standby is put into operation automatically, first close the interlock switches and then
recover the switch and signal device of trip equipment.
5) Pay attention to the power DC mains voltage when the DC motor starts up.
6) The motor should be started up one by one and it is generally not allowed to start up two or more motors
simultaneously on the same mains.
7) It is prohibited to start up in the condition of motor reverse rotation (except for the motor specially
specified).
53
Chapter 2 Unit Operation Mode
2.1 Unit control
2.1.1 The unit can operate under the coordinated control mode in the load range of 30%~100%. It should be
operated in the coordinated control mode as long as the system has no faults. Coordinated control mode
should be gradually put into operation when three sets of mill are put to AUTO during unit startup. Choose
the control mode of unit according to the equipment health level in normal operation.
Quickly release coordinated control and switch to manual adjustment in case of one of the following
conditions:
2.1.1.1RB function is not realized in RB operating condition.
2.1.1.2 Regulating property becomes weak, main parameters of unit deviate from the normal control range
and cannot recover for a long time.
2.1.1.3 Main steam pressure increases continually but main steam temperature falls sharply when the unit is
operating with high load.
2.1.2 Unit control mode
2.1.2.1 Basic mode (BASE)
When both boiler controller and turbine controller are in the manual mode, control mode is basic mode.
2.1.2.2 Coordinated control system (CCS)
2.1.2.2.1 Coordinated control system includes the following loops:
1) Unit load control loop
2) RUNBACK loop
3) Frequency correction loop
4) Pressure set value
5) Main controller of boiler
6) Main controller of steam turbine
7) Heat value correction loop
8) Main control of fuel
2.1.2.2.2 Unit load control loop
Main task of unit load control loop is: deliver to the main control system of boiler and steam turbine
respectively as load set value after treatment according to all the exterior load demands that can be accepted
by unit; there are three subloops: load control station, max and min restriction loops and change rate
restriction loop.
1) Load control station: the unit load demand is given by ADS IP governing load demand (10C01-ADS) in
normal operation, or it can be set by operators manually if ADS is not required. Load demand control
54
station operates in manual tracking mode (actual load tracking) when one of the following conditions is
satisfied:
a) ADS SIG ABNORMAL, switch load setting to manual;
b) ATLEAST ONE FLM OFF;
c) BOILER MASTER MAN;
d) RUN BACK;
e) BOILER FOLLOW MODE;
f) MFT signal (delay for 3s);
2) Max and min restriction loops: load demand will obtain the appropriate demand output by the restriction
of load demand signal delivered by ADS through max and min operation loops when AGC is put into
operation.
3) Restriction loop of load demand change rate: SPC will transform the step signal changed by load to ramp
signal changed by using change rate restriction loop; the limiting rate is mainly from two aspects:
a) Turbine stress (K+)
b) Set by the operator manually (K -).
4) When one of the following conditions is met, there will be block increasing signal, load cannot be
increased.
a) The opening of any one of the primary air fan inlet control valve is > 98%;
b) The opening of any one of the blower inlet moving blade is > 98%;
c) The stationary blade opening of any one of the induced draft fan is >98%;
d) Water level deviation of steam drum is > (SP — PV) 60mm;
e) Main steam pressure deviation is > (SP — PV) 3%;
f) Primary air fan surge
g) Blower surge
h) Induced draft fan stalls
i) Fuel main controller deviation (SP — FUEL) is larger than certain value;
j) DEH blocking load change
k) DEH blocking load increasing
5) When one of the following conditions is met, there will be block decreasing signal, load cannot be
reduced:
a) Water level deviation of steam drum is > (PV — SP) 60mm;
b) Main steam pressure deviation is > (PV — SP) 3%;
c) Fuel main controller deviation is smaller than certain value.
55
d) DEH blocking load change;
The load demand passing the limiting loop will be delivered to main controllers of boiler and steam turbine
as unit load demand after computing with the max available treatment signal actually accepted by the unit.
When this unit plant is in normal operation and after putting it into CCS, send ADS request signal; put
AGC into operation after approval (put unit load set value block to AUTO), then it will be in remote control
state.
2.1.2.2.3 RUNBACK loop
The main function of RB loop is to calculate the max and min allowable load value, which includes max
and min available computing loop. When RB happens due to the fault of auxiliary unit, its max available
output will receive different limitation of change rate according to the different auxiliary unit faults.
1) Unit max available output computing loop:
a) The unit has seven sets of coal mills, sum the upper limit value of each coal mill in this loop and
transform to percentage (add fuel oil flow rate signal). The max output will be 30% of unit load if there is
no cola mill in operation.
b) The unit has two sets of primary air fan, each of which operates with 60% load.
C) The unit has two sets of blower, each of which operates with 60% load.
d) The unit has two sets of induced draft fan, each of which operates with 60% load.
e) The unit has three sets of feed water pump, two sets of steam pump can provide 100% load in normal
operation and one set of power pump is with 50% load.
f) The unit has three sets of boiler water circulating pump, each of which is with 60% load (if RB occurs )
g) The unit has two sets of air preheater, each of which is with 60% load.
Work out each max available output according to the number of the above auxiliary units put into operation,
calculate each max available output value, form the max available output signal of unit through integration
of small block.
The operation signal will pass one post deferred block in some auxiliary unit computing loops, of which the
purpose is that if the equipment starts up again in the specified time, RB signal is not sent any more, if not,
send RB signal.
When max allowable load of unit is larger than 95%, add 10% overmeasure to ensure that RB will not
occur if the load fluctuates in the range of 10% in the condition of unit operation with high load, such
design is very useful to the unit operating closing to or reaching 100% full load.
2) Min allowable load computing:
Work out the min allowable load of each set of coal mill according to the operation condition of coal mill,
and work out the min allowable load after summation and integration with fuel oil flow rate.
3) RB limiting loop
When RB occurs in the unit, the output of unit load control output station will switch to max allowable load,
but max available output calculated by RB loop will have a substantial step change. Consider to limit the
change speed of max available output in this loop to avoid the impact to the unit caused by the signal.
56
The speed down of RB caused by combustion system is 10%/min, other cut back speed of RB of this unit is
40%/min. Normally, the speed down rate that limits the boiler feedback signal is 10%/min. If the actual
load is larger than the max available output of some equipment, by comparing the max available output of
all kinds of equipment in max available output loops with the actual load of boiler, it means RB is caused
by the abnormity of the equipment; at this moment, trigger RS trigger of this equipment. In the meanwhile,
the speed governing loop of the equipment will work.
2.1.2.2.4 Reset of RB
1) Reset on OM manually
2) Automatic reset: RB will reset automatically in the following conditions when the RB signal disappears:
a) Boiler flame failure
b) 10YK001 XC46
c) 10YK005 XC46
3.1.2.2.5 Frequency correction loop
1) There are two kinds of frequency modulation process: one is the unit takes corresponding load
increasing or decreasing measures by feeling the changes of grid frequency directly, that is primary
frequency modulation. The other one is that the network control center monitors the deviation of grid
frequency and distributes to the frequency modulation unit on the network in the form of load demand, that
is secondary frequency modulation. The one mentioned here is primary frequency modulation process,
which will be put into operation only in the coordinated control operation mode of unit.
Frequency correction signal is efficient only if the following conditions are satisfied.
a) Turbine main controller is in AUTO
b) DEH is in REMOTE CONTROL
c) Power signal is OK
d) No RB
e) Boiler main controller is in AUTO
f) 40%Unit load is > 40%
g) Frequency correction operation demand
2) Turbine controller feels the changes of grid frequency and transforms them to the form of load deviation,
which will be sent to the frequency correction loop, of which the function is to send the deviation signal to
boiler main controller and pressure set value loop to make boiler response quickly. When frequency lowers,
boiler demand will increase, and when frequency rises, boiler demand will decrease, frequency is corrected
to 50Hz through the combined action of boiler and steam turbine main controllers.
3) Loop analysis: load deviation signal coming from steam turbine is transformed to percentage via a
coefficient. When frequency correction signal (XV01) is inefficient, CCS will not response to frequency
deviation. When the conditions are satisfied, deviation signal will pass through multiplying unit, speed
limitation block and analog switch and CCS will take part in frequency modulation normally.
Deviation signal is restricted by the deviation signal between max and min available output and unit load
57
demand. It is not allowed to reduce load demand by frequency difference response when load demand is
smaller than min allowable load; it is not allowed to reduce load demand by frequency difference response
either when load demand is larger than max allowable load to control the load changes caused by frequency
changes in an allowable range for safe operation of unit.
Load deviation signal will be sent to boiler and steam turbine main controllers via a speed limitation block.
2.1.2.2.6 Pressure set value loop
1) Constant pressure and sliding pressure operation: the pressure control of the unit with high parameters
and large capacity has two kinds of mode:
a) Constant pressure operation mode: it means that the main steam pressure is kept constant during unit
operation. Advantages: working condition is stable, regulation is simple, and energy storage of boiler is
constant under different load and responds quickly to load changes, saturation temperature of steam is
constant, its wall temperature difference changes of steam drum and header is small and the change rate of
allowable load is relatively large. Disadvantages: control steam valve opening of low-load turbine is small,
throttling loss is large. The generator output can be changed by changing the opening of steam turbine
control valve when the unit is under constant pressure operation to keep the unit pressure constant.
b) Sliding pressure operation mode: generally, unit plant operates under slide pressure in certain range, but
operates under constant pressure in the condition of relatively low and high load. The whole unit can realize
whole pressure control: pressure control is realized mainly depending on bypass system in ignition and low
load, at this moment, CCS pressure set value will track main steam pressure; when main steam pressure is
higher than min pressure and turbine is synchronized, bypass will be removed and pressure control will be
transferred to CCS control; when main steam pressure reaches max pressure, pressure set value will be
maintained at the set value.
2) Pressure set value tracking in the startup and low-load stage:
In the stage of startup (constant pressure operation XA11), pressure set value XQ01 is made to track main
steam pressure in front control steam governing valve through the action of 10YK0006 XV04 (main
controller of steam turbine is in AUTO) signal. As the main steam pressure is controlled by HP bypass in
the stage of startup, HP bypass control system has its own pressure control loop. When startup stage is
finished, the unit will be in normal operation and the pressure set value will be transferred to the
corresponding constant pressure or sliding pressure set value smoothly.
a) Constant pressure operation mode:
Operators should give a min pressure set value on OM, when the pressure set value corresponding to the
unit load demand is smaller than min pressure set value, the system will operate in constant pressure mode,
during which the change rate of pressure set value will be limited by a speed limitation block. When boiler
flame fails, pressure set value will track the actual main steam pressure, which avoids the pressure
decreasing too fast to make the steam of turbine with moisture.
b) Sliding pressure operation mode:
Pressure set value of sliding pressure operation is formed by adding a 0~20% regulating valve to boiler
load demand (regulate 0~20% on the display of OM). The boil load demand will increase gradually along
with the increasing of load during the constant pressure operation of startup stage. When set value is larger
than the min pressure, it will go to sliding pressure operation mode.
58
In sliding pressure operation mode, the changes of total load demand results in the changes of pressure set
value. Due to the changes of actual boiler load, namely the production of steam needs a process, the
changes of actual pressure also needs a process. The pressure controller of boiler and turbine should not act
on the delayed pressure working condition, therefore, the changing process of pressure set value should be
matched with the producing process of actual steam quantity, in this way, two inertial elements are added,
inertial time parameter of one is steam quantity producing time and the other is boiler heat storage time, the
demand of inertial element is determined by the used boiler model and its proper inertial.
2.1.2.2.7 Main controller of boiler:
Boiler main controller loop is the interface of load demand loop and combustion control system, that is, the
corrected unit load demand will be sent to air quantity control loop and fuel control loop through this loop
to coordinate the matching relation between boiler output and load demand. This loop can not only operate
in AUTO but operate in manual mode and it can complete the control functions of unit plant under all kinds
of conditions. The two PID regulators in main controller play an adjusting part in CCS mode and BF mode
respectively.
1) Coordinated control system:
When the unit is in CCS, boiler main controller is in AUTO, BOILER DEMAND formed by this loop
mainly depends on the load demand of unit main controller and regard it as feedforward. CCS is based on
BF, that is, turbine side controls load and boiler mainly maintains main steam pressure. Once the unit
changes load, the boiler is required to change air output and fuel charge immediately to adapt to the load
change of turbine side and synchronize with turbine as far as possible. Therefore, a overheat load single is
overlapped on the boiler main controller loop to provide overshoot for load change, and at the same time,
use first order inertial element in the steam turbine main controller loop to wait for steam producing form
the boiler to realize unit coordination.
When grid frequency changes, pressure deviation must exist, only in this way pressure set value correction
signal will form on pressure correction loop, in the meanwhile, overload signal will be formed to be
overlapped to the feedforward signal of boiler demand. This feedforward signal will provide lead for boiler
to make it respond quickly to the changes of grid frequency.
When the unit is in CCS mode, the function of boiler main controller is to maintain main steam pressure to
be equal to the set value, therefore, it also includes a pressure control loop in the boiler main controller loop,
the main steam pressure signal and pressure set value signal form a pressure deviation signal.
If pressure deviation signal exceeds one limitation, it means pressure deviation is too large that the boiler
main controller cannot regulate completely, at this moment, send a signal to the turbine main controller to
make the turbine restrict the opening of control valve to maintain the steam pressure together.
2) Boiler following mode: the boiler will be in following mode when the following conditions are satisfied
simultaneously:
a) There is no RB
b) DEH is not in REMOTE CONTROL.
c) Turbine controller is in MANUAL.
d) Unit synchronization
e) Boiler main controller is in AUTO.

59
In this mode, use direct energy balance signal (pressure set value ÷ main steam pressure × first stage
pressure 10C01—P901) as the feedforward of boiler demand, this signal can response to the requirements
of boiler from turbine quickly. There is no need to adjust the boiler demand by pressure regulator after
waiting for the changes of main steam pressure when the output of turbine changes. In this way, it can
remove the main steam pressure fluctuation caused by turbine side load change quickly. When it is a rough
adjustment, remove pressure deviation at fixed quantity and conduct further adjusting through pressure
regulator PID2.
3) Bumpless switching of coordination and tracking: when boiler is in CCS, PID2 will be in tracking state
and the two ends of analog switch will be equal, which realizes bumpless switching.
2.1.2.2.8 Turbine main controller
Turbine main controller loop is equivalent to the interface between load demand loop and steam turbine
controller. The analog change-over switch is the deviation of main steam pressure and set value in TF mode.
Input of analog switch is the deviation of generator power and set value (the sum of unit plant demand after
passing through the inertial element and frequency deviation and the difference of unit plant demand after
passing through the inertial element and pressure deviation) when it is not in TF mode. The demand signal
sent to the steam turbine at last is a switching value signal.
2.1.2.2..9 Heat value correction loop
If design coal is used as fuel, certain load demand change will corresponds to certain fuel quantity change,
then the boiler combustion system can adapt to the requirements of boiler capacity, however, if the heat
value of coal changes, certain fuel quantity will not obtain the boiler output when the corresponding design
coal heats. Therefore, use steam flow signal to create correction factor in heat value correction loop, which
will be multiplied by the fuel control loop of mill to correct the coal caloric value automatically to make the
fuel quantity response to the change of coal property quickly.
Heat value signal is prohibited to be put into operation in the following conditions,:
a) Input and output load are unbalanced
b) HP bypass is not closed
c) Boiler main controller is set to MANUAL.
d) There is no coal mill in REMOTE CONTROL.
e) 40%Unit load is smaller than 40%.
f) RB
The change of fuel quantity means the change of air output. The effect of heat value correction is slow and
oxygen correction signal is put into the air flow control system, therefore, there is no need to put heat value
correction into the control loop of blower.
In the condition of constant load, caloric value change of coal will cause the change of steam flow and
main steam pressure, at this point, if the unit operation is in CCS while caloric value correction is in
calculation, the pressure regulator of boiler main controller will also conduct pressure regulating. As the
adjusting speed of pressure adjusting loop is very fast and the process from correction signal of caloric
value correction loop changing fuel quantity to the boiler output changes is very long, the unmatched
adjusting speed of both will disturb the system operation obviously. The deviation of sending the
60
corresponding caloric value correction signal to pressure regulator of boiler main controller will come into
being while sending the caloric value correction signal to load control loop.
2.1.2.2 Boiler following mode (BF1, BF2)
Turbine controller is independent of LDC, it is boiler following 1 (BF1) when the boiler controller is in
AUTO mode. At this moment, if LDC is in BF1, choose 2 (BF2), then the turbine controller will cooperate
with LDC.
If the turbine controller is in MANUAL mode but boiler controller is in AUTO mode at any time, LDC will
be forced to BF1. LDC can be switched from BF1 to BASE by placing boiler controller in MANUAL.
If LDC is in TF2 mode, choose BF2 mode directly, LDC will enter BF2mode.
2.1.2.3 Turbine following mode (TF1, TF2)
It is turbine following 1 (TF1) when the boiler controller is in MANUAL and turbine controller is in AUTO.
At this moment, if LDC is in TF1, it will enter turbine following 2 (TF2) when choosing boiler controller at
AUTO.
Only TF2 can be chosen from TF1.
If LDC is in BF2, choose TF2 directly and then LDC will enter FF2. If LDC is in CCS, choose TF2, LDC
will also enter TF2 mode.
LDC will switch from TF2 to TF1 as long as the boiler controller is in MANUAL in the TF2 mode. When
turbine controller is in MANUAL, LDC will switch from TF2 mode to BF1 mode. Drop out step by step
when there is need to drop out of CCS and avoid direct switching.
2.1.2.4 Coordinated control system (CCS)
CCS control mode, which includes CBF (boiler main controller is main tracking) and CTF (turbine main
controller is main tracking), can be realized when both boiler controller and turbine controller are in AUTO.
2.1.2.5 Remote automatic dispatching system (ADS)
The BF mode of LDC when turbine controller is in AUTO is the Boiler following mode, or LDC is in TF
mode when boiler controller is in AUTO, or both can enter ADS mode under the CCS mode. Remote
dispatcher is allowed to control the unit load by ADS under ADS mode.
As BF mode of ADS is boiler following mode when turbine controller is in AUTO, TF mode or CCS mode
may occur when boiler controller is in AUTO, therefore they can be switched with each other. ADS mode
will be switched to original control mode automatically in the following conditions: BLOCK INCREASE,
BLOCK DECREASE, remote dispatching invalidation and RB. Max and min load limit values of LDC are
still valid in ADS mode.
2.1.3 Run back (RB)
LDC runs back in the following conditions when the unit operates in CCS mode:
2.1.3.1 One set of blower trips.
2.1.3.2 One set of induced draft fan trips.
2.1.3.3 One set of primary air fan trips.
61
2.1.3.4 One set of steam-driven feed water pump trips.
2.1.3.5 One set of air preheater trips.
2.1.3.6 Two sets of boiler water circulating pump trip.
2.1.4 RUN DOWN
RUN DOWN occurs in the following situations:
2.1.4.1 Coal controller is in max but the charge of fuel is much smaller than demand requirement.
2.1.4.2 Output of blower is max but air quantity is much smaller than demand requirement.
2.1.4.3 Feed water quantity is max but is much smaller than demand requirement.
2.1.4.4 Output of induced draft fan is max but furnace draft is much smaller than demand requirement.
2.1.4.5 Output of primary air fan is max but primary air pressure is much smaller than demand requirement.
2.1.5 Block load change (BOLCK)
2.1.5.1 BLOCK DECREASE will occur in one of the following situations:
a. Feed water flow rate is larger than the demand or feed water quantity is in min.
b. Air quantity is larger than the demand or output of blower is in min.
c. Coal quantity is larger than the demand or output of coal controller is in min.
d. Furnace draft is larger than the demand or output of induced draft fan is in min.
e. Primary air pressure is larger than the demand or output of primary air fan is in min.
2.1.5.2 BOLCK INCREASE will occur in one of the following situations:
a. Output of coal controller is in max or the charge of fuel is smaller than the demand.
b. Output of blower is in max or air quantity is smaller than the demand.
c. Feed water is in max or feed water quantity is smaller than the demand.
d. Output of induced draft fan is in max or furnace draft is smaller than the demand.
e. Output of primary air fan is in max or primary air pressure is smaller than the demand.
f. EHG load is limited.
2.2 Protection interlock operation of unit
2.2.1 All the protection and interlock of all the operating and standby equipment must be put into operation.
Specified examining and approving formalities are necessary when they are out of service due to any
problems. Contact the thermodynamic personnel immediately to release the protection that may misoperate
to prevent misoperation of protection after confirming that it is the fault of measuring loop or measuring
element if abnormity of one parameter is found during operation. After power equipment trips, electric
protection must be checked if they operate and then confirm thermodynamic protection; if the causes of
tripping is not clear, the equipment cannot be put into operation (except the treatment of accident). After the
interlock of standby equipment, interlock causes should be found out thoroughly, if it is caused by the fault
of original operating equipment, it should be stopped for checking and repair.
62
2.2.2 For generator-transformer unit, partial protection can be stopped in emergency, but two kinds of main
protection cannot be stopped simultaneously.
2.2.3 The operation condition of protection and automatic device should be checked in time and report to
shift engineer and intermediate control on-duty personnel and record in the meanwhile when there are
faults of electrical equipment during the operation,
2.2.4 The “generator black-out" and “generator trip” protection should be released after unit trips. The
“generator black-out” and “generator trip” protection should be put into operation immediately after
synchronization.
2.3 Operation mode of cooling water system
2.3.1 Cooling water systems such as industrial water, circulating water, opened circulating cooling water
and closed circulating cooling water etc. should be kept in normal and continuous operation to supply
cooling water for all cooling water users continuously.
2.3.2 Put the industrial water system into operation. The industrial water system should be put into
operation before the startup of the whole unit. Start up industrial water pump and put the standby industrial
water pump interlock into operation and keep the water level of industrial water pool.
2.3.3 The circulating water make-up pump should be started up to fill water to the system when circulating
water system is put into operation. After FOREBAY is full of water, then start up the first set of circulating
water pump. The second set of circulating water pump should be put into operation when the temperature
of condenser inlet circulating water is larger than 36℃; when circulating water system stops, ensure the
requirements of all opened circulating cooling water users and then stop circulating water pump.
2.3.4 Opened circulating cooling water screen and oil cooler cooling water screen should be put into
operation at first before putting the opened circulating cooling water system into operation, start up the
opened circulating cooling water pump and keep header pressure at 0.45MPa and put cooling water into
operation according to the condition of cooling water users.
2.3.5 Opened circulating cooling water system should be put into operation at first before putting the closed
circulating cooling water system into operation. Put the closed circulating cooling water system into
operation, start up the closed circulating cooling water pump and put it to AUTO and keep the pressure of
cooling water header at 0.5MPa. make up the closed circulating cooling water tank to make the water level
normal and put to AUTO.
2.4 Operation mode of auxiliary steam system
2.4.1 When the unit starts up, HP auxiliary steam header is supplied by startup boiler house and LP
auxiliary steam is supplied by HP auxiliary steam after attemperating and pressure reducing.
2.4.2 After the unit starts up, supply of auxiliary steam can be switched to supply by itself in time as
required. When single unit operates, the startup boiler should be in operation. When double units operate,
the startup boiler should be in standby.
2.4.3 During single unit startup, when the unit load is >25%, auxiliary steam should be supplied by the cold
reheated steam of unit itself, when the unit load is >70%, switch from cold reheated steam to section no.4
extraction.
2.4.4 LP auxiliary steam is supplied by HP auxiliary steam after attemperating and pressure reducing when
in low load.
63
2.4.5 Normally, the auxiliary steam header is supplied by the section no.4 extraction of this unit or by
reheated cold section.
2.4.6 When auxiliary steam header of boiler starts up, it is supplied by HP auxiliary steam of turbine, and in
normal condition, it is supplied by cold reheated steam of unit itself.
2.5 Operation mode of generator seal oil system
2.5.1 There are four kinds of operation mode for seal oil system to ensure that the hydrogen in the unit can
be sealed under all kinds of conditions.
2.5.2 During normal operation, one set of main sealing oil pump will operate, of which the oil source is
from main unit lubricating oil, that is, lubricating oil tank of main unit→ lubricating oil system→ sealing
oil vacuum tank→ main sealing oil pump→ differential pressure valve→ generator sealing pad →air
separation tank (oil return on hydrogen side to sealing oil expansion tank→ ball float valve →air separation
tank)→lubricating oil tank of main unit.
2.5.3 When main sealing oil pumps have faults or AC power supply loses, the operation mode of sealing oil
will be as follows: lubricating oil tank of main unit→ lubricating oil system→ DC sealing oil pump→
differential pressure valve→ generator sealing pad →air separation tank (oil return on hydrogen side to
sealing oil expansion tank→ ball float valve →air separation tank) →lubricating oil tank of main unit.
2.5.4 When sealing oil pump is fully stopped and lubricating oil is supplied, shut down urgently and
exhaust hydrogen to the pressure of the unit under 59kPa until main unit lubricating oil pressure can seal
the hydrogen, at this point, the operation mode of sealing oil is: lubricating oil tank of main unit→
lubricating oil system→ differential pressure valve→ generator sealing pad →air separation tank (oil return
on hydrogen side to sealing oil expansion tank →ball float valve →air separation tank)→lubricating oil
tank of main unit。
2.5.5 When main unit lubricating oil system is shut down and supply source of sealing oil is broken off,
sealing oil system can operate and circulate independently. Therefore, pay attention to keep relatively high
vacuum in the sealing oil vacuum bank, the operation mode of sealing oil is: sealing oil vacuum tank→
main sealing oil pump →differential pressure valve→ generator sealing pad →air separation tank (oil
return on hydrogen side to sealing oil expansion tank →ball float valve →air separation tank)→sealing oil
vacuum tank.
2.5.6 The vacuum in the seal oil vacuum tank should be above -90 ~ -96kPa during normal operation to
separate out and exhaust the moisture in the oil.
2.6 Operation mode of hydrogen system
2.6.1 Rated hydrogen pressure in the generator is 450KPa, which should not be exceeded during normal
operation; when the pressure is lower than 416KPa, make up hydrogen in time. Hydrogen purity should
be > 98%.
2.6.2 Hydrogen of qualified purity should be filled in the generator before unit startup. After
synchronization, cooling water of all hydrogen coolers should be put into operation in time and the
temperature of cooling hydrogen should be kept at 46℃. After the unit parallel off, disable the hydrogen
cooler cooling water and moisture removal device.
2.6.3 Hydrogen moisture removal device should be put into operation and water should be drained off in
time if there is any in normal operation. Hydrogen humidity and purity should be tested regularly by
64
chemistry department and the Hydrogen Purity Table should be checked on time. When it is in normal
operation, hydrogen purity in the generator should be > 98% and hydrogen dew point temperature in the
generator should be -14℃~-25℃ and replace the blowdown device if it is not qualified. Generally,
humidity should not exceed 2.0 g/m3 (under rated hydrogen pressure). Blow down if the humidity is not
qualified.
2.6.4 Blow down the hydrogen make-up mains for 5min before hydrogen make-up in summer to avoid too
much humidity.
2.6.5 When the hydrogen in the unit decreases quickly, find out the leak point of system in time and start
the fan on the roof to prevent hydrogen accumulation.
2.6.6 Enough CO2 should be ever prepared on site (generally not smaller than 40 bottles) for exhausting
hydrogen in emergency. Hydrogen in the unit must be exhausted completely during unit overhaul.
Determine if it is necessary to exhaust hydrogen according to the time and working contents during minor
overhaul. Pay attention to exhausting the hydrogen in the dead angle when exhausting hydrogen.
65
Chapter 3 Monitoring of Normal Operation Parameters
3.1 Limitation of the normal operation main parameters of turbine
No. Parameter Unit Normal Upper limit Lower limit Trip
1 Speed rpm 3000 3360
2 Load MW 600 640
3 Main steam temperature ℃ 538 546 528
4 HP exhaust temperature ℃ <400 420 432
5 Condenser vacuum KPa <-80.3 -80.3 -76
6 Exhaust temperature ℃ <79 80 107
HP & IP cylinder differential ≤-5.3 ≤-6.6

8 mm --5.3<differential expansion<+10.3
expansion ≥+10.3 ≥+11.6
≤-4.6 ≤-8.0
9 LP cylinder differential expansion mm -4.6<differential expansion<+19.8
≥+19.8 ≥+30
≤-1.05/ ≤-1.2/
10 Axial displacement mm -1.05<differential expansion<+0.6
≥+0.6 ≥+1.65
11 Shaft vibration of main unit mm <0.076 0.125 0.25
12 Bush vibration of main unit mm <0.05 0.05 0.08
13 EH oil pressure MPa 11.2 9.2 7.8
14 EH oil temperature ℃ 40~45 65 20
15 Lubricating oil pressure MPa 0.176 0.115 0.07
16 Lubricating oil temperature ℃ 40~45 46
17 Jacking oil pressure MPa 16 7
18 Bearing return oil temperature ℃ 50~65 65
19 Journal bearing temperature ℃ <105 105 115
20 Thrust bearing shoe temperature ℃ <100 100 110
21 Main oil tank level mm 1900100 2000 1800
22 EH oil tank level mm 300 < L<530 530 300 120
23 Shaft seal pressure of main unit kPa 21-40 40 20
66
3.2 Limitation of feed water pump unit parameters
Low-power turbine
1 Speed (N/A) rpm 4980 5478/5530
2 Exhaust pressure kPa 50 70
3 Exhaust temperature ℃ <48.2
4 Bearing vibration mm ≤0.050 0.080 0.120
5 Lubricating oil pressure MPa ＞0.15 0.15 0.08
Front and rear differential pressure of lubricating oil
6 MPa 0.05 0.118
strainer
7 Lubricating oil temperature ℃ 40~45 65
The same as the
8 Pilot oil pressure MPa
main unit
-0.50< ≤-0.50/ ≤-0.80/
9 Axial displacement (Tentative) mm Displacement
<+0.3 ≥+0.56 ≥+0.80
10 Journal bearing temperature ℃ <85 105 115
11 Thrust bearing temperature ℃ <85 105 115
Steam-driven feed water pump and booster pump
1 Booster pump bearing temperature ℃ <75 90 100
2 Motor radial bearing temperature ℃ <75 85 95
3 Feed water pump radial bearing temperature ℃ <75 105 110
4 Feed water pump thrust bearing temperature ℃ <80 90 100
Top and bottom temperature difference of feed
5 ℃ <30 30
water pump barrel
6 Booster pump inlet screen differential pressure MPa 0.05
7 Feed water pump inlet screen differential pressure MPa 0.05
8 Feed water pump inlet pressure MPa 2.36
9 Sealing water screen differential pressure MPa 0.06
10 Lubricating oil pressure MPa 0.12 0.1 0.08
11 Recirculation flow t/h 290
12 Feed water pump bearing vibration mm ≤0.050 0.080 0.120
13 Mechanical seal water temperature of main pump ℃ 80 90

Motor-operated feed water pump unit
1 Booster pump bearing temperature ℃ <75 90 100
2 Booster pump thrust bearing temperature ℃ <75 90 100
3 Main pump radial bearing temperature ℃ <75 90 100
67
4 Main pump thrust bearing temperature ℃ <80 90 100
5 Motor bearing temperature ℃ <75 90 100
6 Motor winding temperature ℃ <85 125 135
7 Motor air temperature (Tentative) ℃ 45 55
8 Coupler thrust bearing temperature ℃ <65 90 95
9 Coupler radial bearing temperature ℃ <65 90 95
10 Working oil cooler inlet temperature ℃ 110 130
11 Working oil cooler outlet temperature ℃ 75 85
12 Lubricating oil cooler inlet temperature ℃ 65 70
13 Lubricating oil cooler outlet temperature ℃ 45 55 60
14 Lubricating oil pressure MPa 0.12 0.3 0.1 0.08
15 Lubricating oil filter differential pressure MPa 0.05
16 Feed water pump inlet screen differential pressure MPa 0.05
17 Feed water pump inlet pressure MPa 2.38 ≤1.2 ≤1
18 Feed water pump bearing vibration mm <0.05 0.08
19 Recirculation flow rate (Tentative) t/h 290
3.3 Parameters limitation of HP & LP heater and deaerator
No. Parameter Unit Normal Upper limit Lower limit Parallel off
+38 (high)+88 (high-high) /+138
1 #1HP heater water level mm 0 -38 (low)-88 (low-low) +138
(high-high-high)
+38 (high)+88 (high-high) /+138
(high-high-high)
+38 (high)+88 (high-high) /+138
(high-high-high)
+40 (high)+80 (high-high) /+350
4 #5LP heater water level mm 0 -40 (low)-80 (low-low) +120
(high-high-high)
+40 (high)+80 (high-high) /+350
(high-high-high)
+50 (high)+90 (high-high) /+130
(high-high-high)
+50 (high)+90 (high-high) /+130
(high-high-high)
-80
+80 (high)+160 (high-high) /+310
8 Deaerator water level mm -80~+80 (low)-1900(low-low-lo +310
(high-high-high)
w)
9 Deaerator pressure MPa 0.147~1.1 1.3
Notes: take the water level 802mm below the center line of #1 HP heaters as the zero level, take the water
68
level 736mm below the center line of #2 HP heaters as the zero level, take the water level 690.5mm below
the center line of #3 HP heaters as the zero level, take the water level 580 mm below the center line of #5
LP heater as the zero level, take the water level 580 mm below #6 LP heater as the zero level and take the
water level 650 mm below #7, 8 LP heaters as the zero level.
2. Take the water level of deaerator 500mm above center line as the zero level.
3.4 Parameters limitation of hydrogen, oil and water of generator
No. Parameter Unit Normal Upper limit Lower limit Notes
1 Hydrogen pressure in the generator kPa 450 471 416
Cold hydrogen temperature in the

2 ℃ 35~46 55
generator
2 Hot hydrogen temperature in the generator ℃ 65
3 Hydrogen supply pressure KPa 600
4 Hydrogen purity in the generator % 98 92 (I)/90 (II)
Hydrogen dew point temperature in the

5 ℃ -14 -5 -25
generator
6 Hydrogen cooler water inlet temperature ℃ 20~33 38
7 Hydrogen cooler water outlet temperature ℃ 48
8 Hydrogen cooler water inlet pressure MPa 0.2~0.3 0.98
Interlock the main

9 Sealing oil pump outlet pressure MPa 1.0 0.68
sealing pump
10 Sealing oil outlet temperature ℃ 70
Shut down the vacuum

pump by interlock when
oil level is high and shut
11 Oil level of sealing oil vacuum tank mm 0~60 +75 -75
down the emergency oil
pump by interlock when
oil level is low
-90~
12 Vacuum of sealing oil vacuum box kPa －88
-96
Pressure difference between oil and
13 kPa 56 76 36
hydrogen
14 Stator cooling water pressure kPa 196 110
15 Stator cooling water flow L/min 1530 1200 1050 trip
16 Stator cooling water inlet temperature ℃ 40~45 49
17 Stator cooling water outlet temperature ℃ 73 78
18 Stator cooling water conductivity us/cm 0.2 0.5
69
19 Ion exchanger flow rate L/min 250 372
20 Water level of stator cooling water tank mm 0 +100 -100
3.5 Limitation of other operating parameters of turbine

3.5.1 Pumps and auxiliary steam
No. Parameter Unit Normal Upper limit Lower limit Notes
2.5Interlock
1 Condensate pump outlet pressure MPa 3.5 4 2.5
pump
2 Condensate pump inlet screen differential pressure MPa 0.05 Alarm
0.3 Interlock
3 Closed recirculating cooling water mains pressure MPa 0.5 0.8 0.3 Alarm
pump
0.25 Interlock
4 Opened recirculating cooling water mains pressure MPa 0.45 0.8 0.25 Alarm
pump
5 Opened cooling water filter screen differential pressure MPa 0.05 Alarm
0.1Interlock
6 Circulating water mains pressure MPa 0.2-0.3 0.1
pump
7 Plant IP auxiliary steam header pressure MPa 0.76 1.15 0.65
3.5.2 Quality standards of water and steam

Name Item Control index
Hardness (umol/L) 0
Make-up water Silicon dioxide (ug/L) 20
Conductivity (uS/cm, 25℃) 0.2
Hardness (umol/L) ≈0
Dissolved oxygen (ug/L) 7
Ferrum (ug/L) 20
Copper (ug/L) 5
Feed water
Silicon dioxide (ug/L) 20
Hydrazine (ug/L) 10~50
pH 9.0~9.5
Oil (mg/L) 0.3
Natrium (ug/kg) 10
Silicon dioxide (ug/kg) 20
Steam Ferrum (ug/kg) 20
Copper (ug/kg) 5
Conductivity (uS/cm, 25℃) 0.3
Hardness(umol/L) 0
Dissolved oxygen (ug/L) 30
Condensate Conductivity (uS/cm) 0.2
Natrium (ug/L) 10
Silicon dioxide (ug/L) 15
70
Name Item Control index
Conductivity (uS/cm) 0.1
Conductivity (uS/cm) <0.5
Inner cooling water pH 7
Copper (ug/L) 200
3.5.3 Fresh oil quality standard of turbine
Quality standard
No. Item Notes
#20 #30
1 Appearance Transparent Transparent
2 Mechanical impurities N/A N/A
3 Kinematical viscosity (mm2/s) 18-22 28-32 30℃
4 Open flash point (℃) ≮180 ≮180
5 Condensation point(℃) ≯-15 ≯-15
6 Acid value(mg KOH/g) ≯0.03 ≯0.03
7 Oxidizing acid value (mg KOH/g) ≯0.2 ≯0.2
8 Precipitate after oxidation (%) ≯0.1 ≯0.1
9 Demulsification (min) ≯8 ≯8
10 Water-soluble acid or alkali N/A N/A
11 Sodium hydroxide test (order) 2 2
3.5.4 Oil quality standard of turbine
No. Item Quality standard Monitoring method or standards

Visual examination from
1 Appearance Transparent
appearance
Visual examination or
2 Water N/A
YS-12-1-78
Smaller than or equal to 1.2 fresh oil
3 Kinematical viscosity (mm2/s) GB265-75 YS-9-1-84
standard
1.Not 7℃ less than fresh oil standard
4 Flash point (℃) 2.Not 8℃ less than the former GB267-77
measured value
GB511-77 or visual examination
5 Mechanical impurities N/A
from appearance
6 Acid value (mg KOH/g) 0.2 GB264-83
7 Liquid phase rust No rust YS-21-1-84
8 Demulsification (min)  60 YS-C-1-1-84
71
Chapter 4 Regular Works and Requirements
No. Work contents Work date Shift Operator Supervisor Requirement

Once every Take over Operator on
1 Test of thermodynamic signal -- Light and sound is normal.
shift shit duty
Routine Increase times according to
Blowdown of condenser inlet Once every
2 inspector -- the front and rear differential
screen shift
pressure of strainer
On site distant proofreading of Routine
Once every Vice operator
3 deaerator and condenser water inspector Indications are consistent.
shift on duty
level gauge
Test for HP main stop valve Once every Operator on Unit Monitor on site that the
4 Night shift
movement week duty supervisor operation is normal.
Test for IP control valve Once every Operator on Unit Monitor on site that the
5 Night shift
movement week duty supervisor operation is normal.
Test for extraction check valve Once every Daytime Operator on Unit
6 Slightly move.
movement month shift duty supervisor
Once every Daytime Routine Vice operator
7 Rubber ball cleaning Increase times in summer.
day shift inspector on duty
Test for oil level gauge Daytime Routine Vice operator No jamming, and alarm is
8 Monday
movement of main oil tank shift inspector on duty normal
Turning of strainer handle of Once every Daytime Vice operator Unit
9
sealing oil system day shift on duty supervisor
Test for HP control valve On 1st per Daytime Operator on Unit Monitor that the operation is
10
movement month shift duty supervisor normal on site
Linkage test for MSP, TOP and On 1st per Daytime Vice operator Unit The operating time of EOP
11
EOP month shift on duty supervisor should be more than 30min
Test for the whole process On 1st, 11th
Operator on Unit Monitor that the operation is
12 movement of HP & IP main stop and 21st per Middle shift
duty supervisor normal on site
valve month
Change-over of condensate On 2nd per Operator on Unit Measure insulation before
13 Night shift
pump month duty supervisor startup.
Contact thermodynamic
nd
Operation test for main unit On 2 per Vice operator Unit personnel for releasing
14 Middle shift
thrust bearing wear detector month on duty supervisor pressure plate.
Analog operation is normal.
Emergency governor operation On 3rd per Daytime Operator on Unit Test after confirming lock-in
15
test month shift duty supervisor on site.
Main trip solenoid valve On 3rd per Daytime Operator on Unit
16 Operation is normal
operation test month shift duty supervisor
BUG and PLU loop operation On 4th per Daytime Thermodynami Unit
17 Operation is normal
test month shift c personnel supervisor
18 Opened circulating cooling On 4th per Night shift Routine Vice operator Measure insulation before
72
No. Work contents Work date Shift Operator Supervisor Requirement
water pump switching month inspector on duty startup.
Test for HP & LP main stop
On 5th per Daytime Operator on Unit
19 valve movement of A low-power No jamming
month shift duty supervisor
turbine
Main oil pump of low-power DC oil pump operates
On 5th per Vice operator Unit
20 turbine switching and DC oil Night shift continually for more than
month on duty supervisor
pump startup test 30min
Insulation measurement of On 10th and
Routine Vice operator
21 standby oil supply pump and 25th per Night shift Make record
inspector on duty
turning gear motor of turbine month
HP & LP main stop valves of B On 6th per Daytime Vice operator Unit
22 No jamming
low-power turbine operation test month shift on duty supervisor
On 6th per Vice operator Unit Measure insulation before
23 Switching of vacuum pump Night shift
month on duty supervisor startup.
On 6th, 16th
Daytime Routine Vice operator Pay attention to sealing oil
24 Blowdown of sealing oil screen and 26th per
shift inspector on duty pressure
month
Startup of electric pump On 7th, 17th DC oil pump operates
Daytime Vice operator Unit
25 auxiliary oil pump and low oil and 27th per continually for more than
shift on duty supervisor
pressure test month 30min
EH oil pump interlock test and On t10th of Daytime Operator on Unit
26
switching per month shift duty supervisor
On 10th per Vice operator Unit
27 Shaft header fan switching Middle shift
month on duty supervisor
On 12th and
Blowdown of Opened Routine Vice operator
28 27th per Middle shift
circulating cooling water screen inspector on duty
month
Main seal oil pump switching DC oil pump operates
On 18th per Daytime Operator on Unit
29 and test for DC seal oil pump continually for more than
month shift duty supervisor
startup 30min
Stator cooling water pump On 19th per Daytime Operator on Unit
30
switching month shift duty supervisor
Test for make-up water pump On 20th per Routine Vice operator Stop after operating for 30
31 Middle shift
startup of condenser month inspector on duty min
Circulating water pump On 1st per Daytime Vice operator Unit Measure insulation on night
32
switching month shift on duty supervisor shift.
On 22nd per Daytime Routine Vice operator
33 Industrial water pump switching
month shift inspector on duty
Drainage of hydrogen moisture Carry out
Routine
34 removal device and sealing oil Irregularly -- when there is
inspection
vacuum pump water
73
Part 4 Unit Shutdown
Chapter 1 Preparations before Unit Shutdown
1. Preparations before shutdown
1.1 Start up MSP, TOP, EOP and jacking oil pump of main turbine respectively to check that their rotation
is normal and motor of turning gear operates normally in no-load test.
1.2 Make preparations for steam source switching of auxiliary steam, shaft seal and deaerator.
1.3 Inform the staff of all positions to perform overall check for the equipment system and count all the
faults to make preparations for shutdown. Inform the staff of chemistry and other peripheral positions to
make preparations for shutdown.
1.4 Start up feed water pump and lubricating oil and emergency oil pump of steam turbine and put to
standby after checking that they are normal.
1.5 Check and confirm that the standby of motor-operated feed water pump is in good condition.
1.6 Rotate the HP main stop valve and combined reheat valve.
74
Chapter 2 Shutdown at Sliding Parameters
2. Shutdown at sliding parameters
2.1 The unit will run down to 540MW after receiving the order of sliding shutdown from shift engineer;
reduce temperature and pressure of boiler according to the requirements of turbine sliding shutdown curve.
2.2 Check that the shaft seal pressure of main turbine is normal and pay attention to switching of shaft seal
steam source when the load is 510MW.
2.3 Perform vacuum tightness test as required when the load is 480MW.
2.4 Unit runs down to 300MW.
2.5 Set target load to 300MW and main steam pressure to 10.0MPa, set the main steam pressure change
rate to <0.45MPa/min keep the main steam temperature unchanged and set load change rate to 2.5%/min,
run down to 50% of rated load and choose “ENTER”.
2.6 Confirm on LCD that the unit load and steam pressure reduces gradually. When the speed of coal feeder
in operation reduces to about 50%, the pulverizing system can be shut down from top to bottom.
2.7 Pay attention to control the temperature of main and reheat steam during run-down.
2.8 Start up motor-operated feed water pump when the unit runs down to 300MW. If the combined pumps
operate normally, shut down one steam pump, put the low-power turbine into operation and put to manual
control and put auto rotation of motor-operated feed water pump into operation. Confirm that the main
steam pressure is 10.0MPa and keep the load for 5min.
2.9 Set target load to 180MW and main steam pressure to 8.62MPa, set the main steam change rate to
<0.1MPa/min, main steam temperature change rate to 1.0℃/min and load change rate to 1.5%/min, run
down to 30% of rated load.
2.9.1 Switch the plant power inversely to HP standby transformer operation by fast-switching device when
the active load is 180MW.
2.9.2 Increase the number of oil gun putting into operation and shut down a set of pulverizing system when
the unit runs down to 180MW,
2.9.3 Reduce the load of second low-power turbine gradually and stop its operation, keep the water level of
drum stable during the operation.
2.10 Unit runs down to 60MW.
2.10.1 The unit continues to run down with load change rate of 1.0%/min and main steam pressure is table
at 8.62MPa.
2.10.2 Reverse the deaerator and low-power turbine to standby steam source and stop the operation of HP
heater when the load is 150MW.
2.10.3 Check if the LP stage drain valves of main turbine are opened automatically when the load is
120MW:
2.10.4 Check that the LP cylinder water spray of turbine is put into operation automatically when the load
75
is 90MW.
2.10.5 Increase the numbers of oil gun putting into operation and remain one set of pulverizing system in
operation.
2.10.6 The following operations should be carried out when the unit runs down to 60MW:
2.10.6.1 The main steam temperature will be 400℃, reheat steam temperature will be 325℃ and main
steam pressure will be 8.62MPa when the unit load is 60MW.
2.10.6.2 Check if the following drain valves of main turbine are opened automatically：
2.10.6.2.1 Drain valves of #1 and #2 HP main stop valve seat;
2.10.6.2.2 The drain valve of main steam mains and front drain valves of #1 and #2 HP main stop valve;
2.10.6.2.3 Drain valve of HP control valve lead pipe;
2.10.6.2.4 Drain valves of #1 and #2 combined intermediate valve seat;
2.10.6.2.5 Hot section mains drain valve and front drain valves of #1 and #2 IP main stop valve;
2.10.6.2.6 The front and rear drain valves of HP exhaust check valve and drain valve of cold section mains.
2.10.6.3 Stop the last set of pulverizing system. Boiler is operated with full fuel oil. Stop the operation of
primary air fan and seal fan.
2.10.6.4 Start up the TOP and MSP to check they are normal.
2.10.6.5 The turbine trips manually and generator splitting to check that the HP & IP main stop valves and
control valves are closed and the speed starts to decline.
2.10.6.6 Disable the hydrogen cooler and hydrogen moisture removal device.
76
Chapter 3 Shutdown in Constant Pressure Mode
3 Normal shutdown in constant pressure mode
3.1 The operation of shutdown in constant pressure mode is the same as that of sliding shutdown.
3.2 Set target load to 300MW with main steam pressure and main steam temperature unchanged, set load
change rate to 2.5%/min, reduce load to 50% of rated load and choose “ENTER”.
3.3 Operate for 5min when the unit load reaches 300MW and set target load to 180MW and start to reduce
load with main steam pressure unchanged, main steam temperature change rate of 0.5℃/min and load
change rate of 0.5%/min, reduce load to 30% of rated load and choose “ENTER”.
3.4 The unit load is 180MW, main steam temperature is up to 408℃, reheated steam temperature is up to
370℃ and reduce load to 60MW with load change rate of 0.5%/min and pressure change rate of 0.2%/min.
3.5 Turbine trips manually to check that the main stop valves and control valves of HP & IP are closed,
speed starts to fall and generator parallels off.
3.6 Other operations are the same as those of shutdown at sliding parameters.
77
Chapter 4 Precautions for Unit Shutdown
4 Precautions for unit shutdown
4.1 The turbine and boiler should be coordinated with each other during sliding shutdown and temperature
and pressure decrease should not have a tendency to rise again. Pay attention to the reducing speed of steam
temperature and cylinder wall temperature, which should be strictly accorded with the requirements of
sliding shutdown curve. Trip the turbine if the steam temperature decreases 50℃ sharply in 10min.
4.2 Pay attention that the water level is normal during run down and disable HP & LP heaters in time.
Minimum flow valve of feed water pump can be opened manually in advance according to the conditions
of load.
4.3 Pay attention to reinforce the monitoring of each bearing vibration during sliding shutdown, trip
immediately when abnormal vibration occurs.
4.4 The unit should be prevented from operating for a long time under the load of 60MW as far as possible.
Trip the turbine manually to check that the HP & IP main stop valves, HP & IP control valves, each steam
extraction check valve and HP exhaust check valves are closed and VV valve and BDV valve are opened.
4.5 Pay attention that speed starts to reduce after tripping turbine; the vacuum breaking valve is forbidden
to be opened with speed above 2300rpm except in special condition.
4.6 Check that the jacking oil pump starts up automatically when the speed is 2500rpm, otherwise, start up
manually.
4.7 The drain valves to condenser should be closed before condenser vacuum reaching zero. Stop the shaft
seal system when the vacuum reaches zero.
4.8 Check that the turning gear motor starts up automatically after delaying 30s when the rotor is in static
state. Check and confirm that the turning gear equipment is engaged automatically, otherwise, put the
turning gear into operation manually. Record the rotor eccentricity, expansion and expansion difference of
HP & IP cylinder and the first stage temperature and axial displacement etc. of HP & IP cylinder after the
turning gear of main turbine is put into operation,
4.9 The lubricating oil temperature should be between 30℃ and 46℃ in the process of turning gear
operation to keep seal oil system of generator in normal operation. Carefully and regularly listen to the
sound of HP & LP shaft seal, strictly monitor the trend of cylinder mental temperature to prevent cold
steam and cold water entering the turbine.
4.10 Turning gear should operate continually until the first stage mental inner wall temperature of HP
cylinder is <150℃. The AC lubricating oil pump TOP of main turbine can be shut down when the wall
temperature is <130℃. The systems relevant to the turbine are strictly prohibited to be maintained during
turning after shutdown to prevent cold air from reversing to the cylinder. Any special occasions should be
reported to and the general engineer and the following specifications should be carried out:
4.10.1 Turning should not be stopped for over 3min when the first stage inner wall temperature of HP
cylinder is above 350℃. Perform turning continuously for 10min every time shut down for 1min until the
rotor eccentricity recovers to be normal.
4.10.2 Turning 180°or turning continuously until the rotor eccentricity recovers to be normal if there is any
78
emergency when the first stage inner wall temperature of HP cylinder is above 220℃.
4.11 When the boiler doesn’t need to feed water, shut down heating of deaerator, the motor-operated feed
water pump and condensate pump with only one circulating water pump in operation.
4.12 Shut down the last set of water circulating pump after the open recirculating cooling water is shut
down when LP cylinder exhaust temperature reduces to below 50℃,.
4.13 The generator seal oil induced draft fan and induced draft fan of bearing main return oil tank that are
shut down for standby should be kept in operating and extracted of the hydrogen that may escape into the
oil discharge system; the hydrogen alarm system should be put into operation.
79
Chapter 5 Maintenance after Unit Shutdown
5. Maintenance after unit shutdown
5.1 Maintenance after turbine shutdown
5.1.1 Maintenance method for turbine shut down for less than a week
5.1.1.1 Open the drain valve of condenser hot well to drain out the inside accumulated water.
5.1.1.2 Isolate all the steam water systems that may enter the inside of turbine.
5.1.1.3 All the pipelines and proper drain valves should be opened.
5.1.1.4 Deaerator should be maintained by heating of auxiliary steam with the deaerator steam pressure of
0.04MPa.
5.1.1.5 HP heater water side should be protected by chemical ammonia.
5.1.1.6 Store for maintenance if the HP heater steam side is wet.
5.1.1.7 The accumulated water in the steam and water sides of LP heater and drainage flash tank of
condenser should be drained out.
5.1.2 Maintenance method for turbine shutdown for more than a week
5.1.2.1 Charge nitrogen to the steam and water sides of HP heater and deaerator for maintenance.
5.1.2.2 The maintenance staff should dry the turbine by hot wind and dry the equipment inside the steam
cylinder as for the maintenance of turbine shutdown for a long time.
80
Part 5 Treatment of Unit Accident
Chapter 1 Principles and Key Points of Accident Treatment
1.1 Principles of accident treatment
1.1.1 The treatment should be based on the principle of “ensure personal and equipment safety” in case of
accident.
1.1.2 In case of accident, perform the correct treatment under the unified command of the shift engineer,
under whose direct lead the unit supervisor should guide all the unit personnel to deal with the accident
immediately according to the instruction rules. All the commands of the shift engineer should be executed
immediately except those have direct harm to personal safety and equipment, otherwise, in case of
command refusal, the cause should be stated. If the shift engineer still insists, report to the leader on a
higher level.
1.1.3 In case of accident, the operator should immediately clarify the cause of accident to clear the threats
to personal safety and equipment, and try to ensure the normal operation of the non-defective equipment.
During accident treatment, take full consideration of the effect of each process to the relevant system to
prevent the accident expanding. Plant power should be guaranteed at first, especially the reliability of
emergency power supply.
1.1.4 In case of occurrence of accident or fault beyond this instruction, the operator on duty should make
right judgment and take active measures to deal with the problems. If the time is available, ask for
instructions of the shift engineer and unit supervisor, under whose guides to perform the accident treatment.
1.1.5 During accident treatment, trip by hand immediately when the protection does not operate when the
condition of shutdown is satisfied. Stop the operation of auxiliary equipment if it meets the urgent
operation qualifications and the protection does not operate.
1.1.6 Recover the unit operation as soon as possible after the accident causes have been found out and the
faults are treated if the unit suddenly trips.
1.1.7 The operator is forbidden to leave his post without permission in case of unit faults and accident
treatment. The shift change should be delayed if the accident treatment takes place at this moment and the
operator who is ready to hand over the job before transaction of handover procedures should continue
working until the accident treatment is finished or comes to an end. The operator on duty should assist in
treating the accidents actively.
1.1.8 Irrelevant personnel are prohibited to gather at the central control room or stay at the fault site during
accident treatment.
1.2 Key points for accident treatment
1.2.1 Conclude that the unit has faults according to the all parameter changes, CRT display, equipment
interaction, alarming of alarm window, fault recorder, faulted copier and appearance of unit, and:
1.2.1.1 Eliminate the dangers to person and equipment quickly and parallel off the faulted equipment
immediately if necessary to prevent expansion of accident;
81
1.2.1.2 Ascertain the causes, accident nature and site and scope quickly, deal with the faults and report
thereafter;
1.2.1.3 Ensure normal operation of the equipment with no faults;
1.2.1.4 Report the stages of accident treatment to the unit supervisor and shift engineer as soon as possible
to report to the central control in time and take correct measures to prevent expansion of accident.
Cooperate with each other closely and deal with the accident quickly according to the instruction rules.
1.2.2 Take measures to maintain the unit operation if it is confirmed that the faults of system and other
equipment to recover the normal operation of the whole set of unit as soon as possible.
1.2.3 The accidents should be treated quickly and correctly.
1.2.4 The attendants should report to the superior leader to reflect the accidents and treatment and keep
detailed records of the phenomenon, process of accident progress as well as its corresponding time and the
adopted disposal after treatment, at the same time, collect and prepare all the necessary data and records in
the process of accident occurrence and treatment for fault analysis. Analyze the accidents by organizing all
personnel of this shift in the meeting after work and write the detailed report according to the accident time,
phenomenon, process of treatment and cause.
82
Chapter 2 Emergency Shutdown
2.1 Conditions for automatic shutdown of steam turbine
The ETS system should automatically obstruct the steam turbine in case of steam turbine caught in one of
the following situations:
2.1.1 Overspeed: the overspeed relay in TSI will operate when the unit speed increases to 3300r/min or
above, and send out obstruction signal after two-out-of-three treatment in ETS.
2.1.2 Low lubricating oil pressure: the LP switch of lubricating oil pressure will be reset when the
lubricating oil pressure is ≤ 0.07MPa, send out obstruction signal after two-out-of-three treatment.
2.1.3 Low fire-resistant oil pressure: the LP switch of fire-resistant oil pressure will be reset when the
fire-resistant oil pressure is ≤ 7.8MPa, send out obstruction signal after two-out-of-three treatment.
2.1.4 Low condenser vacuum: the vacuum switch in condenser low-vacuum governor will be reset when
the condenser vacuum is ≥ 76kPa, send out obstruction signal after two-out-of-three treatment.
2.1.5 Large axial displacement: send out obstruction signal when the unit axial displacement is ≥1.2mm or
≤-1.65mm.
2.1.6 Boiler master fuel and generator trip: these two signals will both obstruct the steam turbine.
2.1.7 Large bearing vibration: ETS output signal will obstruct the steam turbine when any of #1~#8
bearings is ≥ 0.25mm.
2.1.8 Large HP, IP or LP differential expansion: TSI output signal will obstruct the steam turbine when the
HP and IP differential expansion is ≥ +11.6mm or ≤ -6.6mm, or the LP differential expansion is ≥ +30mm
or ≤ -8mm.
2.1.9 Low HP safe oil pressure: the pressure switch PS1-3 will reset and operate and ut three normally
closed pressure switch contact signals will send to ETS and obstruct the steam turbine after
two-out-of-three treatment by ETS when the HP safe oil pressure is ≤ 7.8MPa.
2.1.10 DEH two-out-of-three standby overspeed operation: DEH two-out-of-three overspeed protection
will operate when the speed of steam turbine n≥111.5% -- 112% rated speed; as standby protection of
mechanical emergency governor, send out contact signal to ETS to obstruct steam turbine.
2.1.11 Serious faults of DEH control system: DEH redundancy is equipped with two sets of A, B control
system, DEH will send out contact signal to ETS to obstruct the steam turbine when A and B control
system both have serious faults.
2.1.12 High bush temperature: HITASS will send signal to ETS to obstruct steam turbine when any of
#1--#9 support bearing tungsten temperature is too high (≥115℃) and lasts for more than 2s.
2.1.13 High LP cylinder steam exhaust temperature: A and B LP cylinder respectively have three steam
exhaust temperature detecting switches to ETS. When A or B cylinder steam exhaust temperature is ≥
107℃, both of their temperature switches will send out signal to obstruct the steam turbine after
two-out-of-three treatment in ETS respectively.
2.1.14 HP bypass fault: it indicates “HP bypass valve fault” if the HP bypass isolation valve or HP bypass
83
are not in the position of “fully closed” when adopting HP startup mode, and ETS will obstruct the steam
turbine.
2.1.15The steam temperature at the outlet of main stop valve is too low:
2.1.15.1 In case that the generator load＞50％, if one measuring point finds the main steam valve inlet
temperature ≤428 ℃, ETS will obstruct the steam turbine.
2.1.15.2 In case that the generator load＜25％, if one measuring point finds the main steam valve inlet
temperature ≤385 ℃, ETS will obstruct the steam turbine.
2.1.16 High outlet temperature of generator stator cooling water: ETS will obstruct the steam turbine if the
temperature at measuring point is >78℃.
2.1.17 The inlet pressure of generator stator cooling water is too low: DCS provides three detecting signals
of generator stator cooling water inlet pressure from the site, ETS will obstruct the steam turbine if the
pressure at measuring point is <0.11MPa.
2.1.18 HP steam exhaust metal temperature is too high: four metal temperature measuring points of HP
cylinder steam drain inner wall from the site. ETS will obstruct the steam turbine when more than 1 of #1,
2, 3 and 4 measuring points find the temperature ≥ 432℃.
2.2. Conditions for emergency shutdown of steam turbine
Break the vacuum for emergency shutdown when the steam turbine is in the situations as below:
2.2.1 The emergence governor refuses to operate when the speed of steam turbine exceeds the operating
speed of emergence governor.
2.2.2 The protection does not operate when the thrust bearing wear exceeds the value of protecting
operation.
2.2.3 Water hammer occurs in steam turbine.
2.2.4 The protection does not operate when the sudden severe vibration of unit reaches the protection
operating value or there is obvious sound of metal clashing inside the unit.
2.2.5 Any bearing of steam turbine is out of oil or the metal temperature of any bearing reaches 115℃ or
the oil return temperature reaches 75℃.
2.2.6 The bearing or the terminal shaft seal is sparking caused by friction.
2.2.7 The protection does not operate when the lubricating oil pressure of bearing decreases to 0.07MPa.
2.2.8 The oil level of main oil tank decreases sharply to be below 1050mm.
2.2.9 The protection does not operate when the condenser vacuum drops sharply to -76KPa.
2.2.10 The generator smokes or sparks.
2.2.11 The surrounding or the oil system is on fire; which cannot be put out soon and threaten the personal
safety or the equipment.
2.2.12 All the auxiliary power goes off.
2.2.13 The generator hydrogen cooling system is on fire.
84
2.2.14 The oil hydrogen differential pressure of sealed oil system goes off causing large quantity of
hydrogen leakage at the sealing pad.
2.3. Emergency shutdown of steam turbine
2.3.1. Shut down the turbine for emergency in case of any one of the following situations:
2.3.1.1 The main and reheat steam temperature exceeds the specified value and cannot recover to normal
within the specified time.
2.3.1.2 The main and reheat steam temperature lowers to 460℃ or sharply decreases to 50℃ within 5min.
2.3.1.3 The vacuum goes down slowly and can’t be maintained though the load is decreased to 30MW.
2.3.1.4 The protection does not operate when the HP and IP or LP differential expansion exceeds the
protection operating valve.
2.3.1.5 The exhaust steam temperature of LP cylinder A and B exceeds 80℃ and the treatment at this time
is useless, the protection does not operate when the temperature continue rising to 107℃.
2.3.1.6 The EH oil pressure is still below 7.8MPa despite the startup of standby pump when the EH oil
pump is in operation and cannot recover to normal after treatment.
2.3.1.7 The protection does not operate when the conductivity of generator stator cooling water reaches
9.9μs/cm or the stator cooling water is interrupted, or the leakage of generator stator winding cannot be
treated.
2.3.1.8 The working condition of main oil pump is extremely abnormal.
2.3.1.9 Normal operation of unit cannot be kept in case that the HP feed water pipeline, main steam
pipeline or steam, water, oil pipeline are broken.
2.3.1.10 The system fault of DEH, TSI, DCS and 0/T causing that some parameters cannot be monitored
and the normal operation of the unit cannot be maintained.
2.3.1.11 The protection does not operate though the metal temperature of HP cylinder exhaust steam inner
wall exceeds 432℃
2.3.1.12 The normal operation of unit cannot be kept for the leakage of generator seal oil system.
2.3.1.13 The turbine governing system cannot maintain the operation, during which this problem cannot be
treated.
2.3.2. Operation and treatment of emergency shutdown
2.3.2.1 Manually press the “EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN” button or manually pull the trip handle of
steam turbine locally to confirm that the generator has paralleled off and the speed of generator has
decreased; check and confirm the HP and IP main stop valve, control valve, HP exhaust check valve and
steam extraction check valves of all stages are closed and ventilation valve and emergency steam exhaust
valve are open.
2.3.2.2 Check that the steam turbine proper, main and reheat steam pipe and steam extraction pipe drain
valves are open, the auxiliary power is successfully switched and the operation of the boiler interlocks MFT,
the primary fan and pulverizing system as well as furnace front fuel system are stopped.
2.3.2.3 Manually start up oil pump of TOP and MSP, check if the lubricating oil pressure is normal and
85
adjust the lubricating oil temperature to be normal.
2.3.2.4 Stop the operation of vacuum pump and start up the vacuum breaking valve.
2.3.2.5 Set the vacuum and speed to zero and stop steam supply for shaft sealing.
2.3.2.6 Check if the automatic operation of turning is normal when the speed is at zero; put into operation
manually if the automatic operation is not successful, record the stator idling time, eccentricity, turning
motor current and cylinder temperature, etc.
2.3.2.7 Pay attention that the unit vibration, lubricating oil temperature and the operation of generator oil,
water and hydrogen system are in normal operation during shutdown.
2.3.2.8 Listen carefully to the internal sound of unit, restart up the unit is strictly prohibited if there is
obvious metal clash internally or the idling time of stator has significant shortened.
2.3.2.9 The other operations are the same as that of normal shutdown.
86
Chapter 3 Auxiliary Power All Goes Off
3.1 Phenomenon
3.1.1 Unit trip, boiler MFT, generator trip and generator parallel-off; alarming and each corresponding
alarm window lights.
3.1.2 The auxiliary busbar voltage of all sections decreases to zero and its green light of power switch is on.
3.1.3 All operating AC auxiliary equipment shut down and the spare AC auxiliary equipment do not
interlock; the electric-driven valve does not operate.
3.1.4 Start all DC equipment by interlock.
3.1.5 AC illuminating lamp is off, DC illuminating lamp is on and the control room gets dark.
3.2 Causes
3.2.1 Generator parallels off, working power of 11KV all sections is off and all standby power supply are
automatically put into operation successfully, or HV standby transformer trips and the primary and
secondary safety source are not automatically put into operation successfully.
3.3 Treatment
3.3.1 Confirm that the main machine, low-power turbine DC oil pump and DC seal oil pump have been
started up, otherwise, close for several times by force manually until it is started up. Check that the
lubricating oil pressure and oil hydrogen differential pressure are normal.
3.3.2 Manually open the vacuum breaking valve of steam turbine and stop all the water drain valves to the
condenser.
3.3.3 Inform all peripheral positions of taking corresponding action to deal with auxiliary power off. Reset
all tripped devices and release interlock of spare devices.
3.3.4 Go to the diesel engine room immediately to perform the following checks and operation to
emergency power supply:
3.3.4.1 Confirm the security 400V MCC working switch has been tripped if the security transformer power
is not lost, put the standby switch into operation once by force and recover the security busbar power
supply.
3.3.4.2 Check if the diesel generator has been automatically started up successfully if the primary
emergency power supply cannot be recovered, otherwise, start up manually, put the second security power
supply into operation and recover the security busbar power supply.
3.3.4.3 Recover the security MCC dynamic and AC emergency lighting gradually after recovery of the
security busbar power supply.
3.3.5 Take the following operations after recovery of emergency power supply
3.3.5.1 Start up main machine MSP, TOP oil pump, jacking oil pump, AC sealed oil pump, low-power
turbine AC oil pump, air preheater auxiliary helper motor, AC fire detection and charging pump of
deaerator.
87
3.3.5.2 Put all auxiliary equipment lubricating oil system into operation
3.3.5.3 Close the outlet valves of steam pump and electric pump and check that the pump does not rotate.
3.3.5.4 Check and confirm that the HP and IP main stop valve, control valve, HP check valve and all
extraction check valves have been closed and close the relative motor-operated valve; check that the V.V
and BDV valves are open. Open relative drain valves at boiler side.
3.3.5.5 Put the turning into operation when the speed of main machine is zero. Rotate the rotor 180°firstly
and put continuous turning into operation after staying for a while if the rotor has been in static before
putting the turning into operation.
3.3. 6 Recover all systems gradually according to the conditions of unit after the recovery of auxiliary
power.
3.3.7 Ask the general engineer for instructions about boiler water filling according to temperature
difference of drum wall and keep the drum water level and deaerator temperature normal.
3.3.8 Perform other operations for the recovery of the generator unit gradually.
88
Chapter 4 Abnormity of Steam Parameter
4.1 Phenomenon:
4.1.1 HP or LP audible and visual alarm of main and reheat steam temperature.
4.1.2 The steam temperature on LCD indicates alarm.
4.1.3 The main and reheat steam pressure and temperature are too high or too low.
4.1.4 Give an alarm due to the parameter overrun.
4.1.5 The unit load changes.
4.1.6 The axial displacement and differential expansion, etc. of main machine change.
4.2 Causes:
4.2.1 The pressure and temperature control system has faults or the regulation of attemperating water is
improper.
4.2.2 The unit suddenly rejects load.
4.2.3 HP heater suddenly parallels off.
4.2.4 The safety valve of steam system suddenly opens.
4.3 Treatment:
4.3.1 The main and reheat steam temperature is allowed to change within the range of 536～546℃ during
normal operation.
4.3.2 Strengthen the regulation to recover to normal when the main and reheat steam temperature rises
abnormally to 546～552℃. The main and reheat steam temperature should reach 552℃ and accumulated
time of one year should not exceed 400h with operating time each time not exceeding 30min, otherwise,
shut down for emergency.
4.3.3 The annual accumulated time of operation under the condition that the main and reheat steam
temperature has rises abnormally to 552～566℃ should not exceed 80h, and perform emergency shutdown
in case that the continuous operating time exceeds 15min.
4.3.4 Shut down immediately when the main and reheat steam temperature exceeds 566℃.
4.3.5 Recover the steam temperature to be normal as soon as possible if the main and reheat steam
temperature decreases to 520℃ under the condition of rated steam pressure; the unit should decrease load
and main steam pressure if the main and reheat steam temperature decreases continuously and cannot be
raised to ensure the main and reheat steam temperature is 50℃ higher than the corresponding first-stage
temperature of cylinder.
4.3.6 Take actions immediately to recover the steam temperature to be normal when the main and reheat
temperature is abnormal, during the treatment process; shut down immediately if the sharp decrease of
steam temperature exceeds 50℃ within 10min.
4.3.7 Adjust the unit load timely if the protecting operation of HP heater parallels off
4.3.8 Shut down manually if the protection does not operate when the steam temperature lowers to
protection operation value.
89
Chapter 5 Water Hammer of Steam Turbine
5.1 Phenomenon:
5.1.1 There is large amount of water or low temperature steam entering the steam turbine, while the white
wet steam will burst out from the relative valve cover, shaft seal of steam turbine and joint surface of
cylinder, etc.
5.1.2 The main steam or reheat steam temperature decreases sharply.
5.1.3 There are water hammer sound and vibration inside the generator or main reheat steam pipe as well as
steam extraction pipe and steam pipe of bypass system.
5.1.4 Differential expansion and axial displacement have obvious changes or the rotor axial shifts, thrust
pad temperature and oil return temperature rises.
5.1.5 The temperature difference of turbine upper and lower cylinder increases.
5.1.6 The unit vibration increases and there may be severe vibration. Water hammer is one of the vicious
accidents of steam turbine; the treatment should be prudent since the phenomena above do not always
occur at the same time.
5.2 Causes:
5.2.1 Faults and maladjustment of the unit steam temperature control system may result in sharp decrease
of main and reheat steam temperature and inadequate saturation degree.
5.2.2 The operating electric pump suddenly starts up, the pressure of attemperating water suddenly
increases and the attemperating water control valve cannot be closed timely.
5.2.3 Improper control of drum water level or abnormity of feed water pump causing full of water in the
drum.
5.2.4 Ineffectiveness of automatic adjustment or equipment faults causing overfeed of water in HP and LP
heater and deaerator, the steam turbine protection for preventing water refuses operation or the extraction
check valve is not tightly closed.
5.2.5 The HP bypass attemperating water control is improper or the isolating valve and control valve of
attemperating water is not tightly closed.
5.2.6 The steam turbine proper or all relevant steam pipe is poorly drained under low load.
5.2.7 The shaft seal system is poorly drained, the accumulated water or drain water enters the steam
turbine.
5.2.8 The unit load suddenly changes or the steam of low temperature enters the steam turbine.
5.2.9 The coordination is bad and the good measures are not taken when the unit starts up or stops or
perform boiler hydraulic test.
5.3 Treatment
5.3.1 Break the vacuum and shut down for emergency when water hammer is confirmed.
90
5.3.2 Cut off the relevant steam and water source, intensify the water drain of main and reheat steam pipe,
proper extraction steam pipe and shaft sealed steam mains and relevant systems in case of steam turbine
water hammer.
5.3.3 Isolate the fault heater or start up the emergency drain valve of deaerator and intensify the water drain
of steam extraction pipe immediately if caused by overfeed of water into heater and deaerator.
5.3.4 Switch to “MANUAL” and regulate attemperating water or manually close the attemperating water
isolating valve tightly for shutdown treatment if the HP bypass attemperating water control is improper or
the isolating valve and control valve are not tightly closed.
5.3.5 Adjust the water level of drum boiler and the main and reheat steam temperature to normal.
5.4 Special precautions during water hammer treatment of steam turbine
5.4.1 Closely monitor the temperature of thrust pad, oil return temperature, axial displacement, the
temperature difference of upper and lower cylinder, cylinder expansion of all cylinders and unit vibration
condition, etc during shutdown.
5.4.2 Correctly record the idling time and shaft bending value and listen carefully to the sound inside the
machine to confirm if the unit can start up again.
5.4.3 Report to the related leaders if the idling time is significantly shortened, the value of axial
displacement, thrust pad temperature, shaft bending overruns or there are abnormal sounds inside the
machine to determine if it is necessary to check by uncovering the cylinder.
5.4.4 Pay special attention that if the turning current has abnormal increase or change when the turning is
put into operation and forced turning is strictly prohibited.
5.4.5 Continuous turning must last more than 24h after emergency shutdown due to steam turbine water
hammer and start up only when the control parameters such as eccentricity and cylinder temperature
difference, etc. are normal.
91
Chapter 6 Faults of Circulating Water Pump
6.1 Check if the oil drain valve is tightly closed and if the oil pipeline has leakage and supply oil timely
when the oil level of generator bearing decreases.
6.2 In case that the oil level of generator bearing increases or the oil of generator bearing of circulating
pump slings, check if the oiliness has emulsification or white foam to determine if there are water in the
leaked oil, shut down the pump for treatment if necessary.
6.3 Check if the bearing oil level is normal, the oiliness is good and if there is abnormal sound in the
bearing and check if the cooling water is normal, the cooling water pressure is normal and the differential
pressure of cooling water strainer is too large when the temperature of generator bearing and thrust pad
rises.
6.4 Check the generator current and listen carefully to the sound inside the pump when the vibration of
pump unit increases abnormally. Check if the water level of circulating pump absorbing well is too low and
the inlet strainer is blocked if the outlet pressure and circulating pump current change a lot. Check if the
outlet disc valve of circulating pump drops or closes when the generator current of circulating pump
increases and the mains pressure decreases, start up again if there is any drop, and contact and deal with the
problem if it cannot be started up.
6.5 Check if the ventilation duct is blocked,and the power supply voltage of circulating pump is normal
when the temperature of circulating pump generator coil is high.
6.6 Check if the water level of cooling tower is normal and the system leaks when the water level of
absorbing well is low.
6.7 Start up blowdown pump timely and find out the water source to strictly prevent submerging the control
part of disc valve when the water level of circulating pump pit is high.
92
Chapter 7 Faults of Closed Circulating Cooling Water System
7.1 Common faults
7.1.1 Closed circulating cooling water is interrupted.
7.1.2 The mains pressure of closed circulating cooling water decreases or fluctuates and the cooling water
is insufficient.
7.1.3 Water level of expansion tank is too low.
7.1.4 The pipeline of closed circulating cooling water system leaks.
7.1.5 The water quality of closed circulating cooling water get worse.
7.2 Fault treatment
7.2.1 Start up the standby closed circulating cooling water valve immediately if the closed circulating
cooling water has faults to ensure the normal supply of closed circulating cooling water.
7.2.2 Check if the water level of expansion water tank is normal when the fluctuation range of mains
pressure of closed circulating cooling water is large with generator current changes.
7.2.3 Check the working condition of closed circulating cooling water pump, check if the water level of
expansion tank is too low and if the water drain valve is fully closed when the mains pressure of closed
circulating cooling water decreases. Confirm the standby pump can start up automatically when the pump
output is insufficient or the outlet pressure is lower than 0.3MPa, otherwise, start up manually.
7.2.4 Generally, the faults are caused by the low water level of closed circulating cooling water tank or
there is air getting into the pump, then make up to normal if the water level of water tank is too low; blow
off the air by opening the related air relief valves if the faults are caused by air getting into pump. Switch to
the operation of standby pump immediately if vaporization is serious to ensure the normal cooling water
consumption of all users of closed circulating cooling water.
7.2.5 Check if the pump has vaporization and if there is abnormal sound inside the bearing and pump when
the vibration of closed circulating cooling water is great. Switch to the operation of standby pump
immediately if the above abnormities occur.
7.2.6Measure if the current increases when it is indicated that the motor current increases. If it is caused by
the two-phase operation or bearing damage, switch to the operation of standby pump and contact
maintenance personnel for treatment.
7.2.7 Change the water if the closed circulating cooling water quality turns bad, which may be polluted by
chemical demineralized water, and contact the chemical personnel to check if the demineralized water
preparation system is in normal operation.
93
Chapter 8 Faults of EH Oil System
8.1 Common faults
8.1.1 Oil pressure changes.
8.1.2 Oil pressure decreases.
8.1.3 Oil level of oil tank decreases.
8.1.4 The oil pipeline leaks.
8.1.5 The oil temperature is abnormal.
8.1.6 The oiliness is not qualified.
8.2 Treatment for EH oil changes
8.2.1 Check the working condition of the operating oil pump immediately and if the overpressure valve
operates, check the working condition of outlet check valve of standby oil pump. Contact the maintenance
personnel for treatment if necessary.
8.2.2 Check if the oil level of oil tank is normal and make up oil if necessary.
8.2.3 Open the relevant air vent valve and close it after air is vented.
8.2.4 Change the oil pump if it operates abnormally.
8.2.5 Contact the thermal engineer to check if the signal is normal.
8.3 Oil pressure decreases
8.3.1 Phenomena of oil pressure decreasing
8.3.1.1 LCD and local pointer indicate that the oil pressure decreases.
8.3.1.2 LCD and alarm panel give alarms.
8.3.2 Causes of oil pressure decreasing
8.3.2.1 The oil level of oil tank is low.
8.3.2.2 The oil system leaks.
8.3.2.3 The oil pump has fault.
8.3.2.4 It is caused by strainer blocking or operation of overpressure valve.
8.3.2.5 The outlet check valve of standby pump is not tightly closed.
8.3.2.6 The energy accumulator has faults.
8.3.3 Treatment
8.3.3.1 Switch to the operation of standby oil pump if the oil pump operates abnormally.
8.3.3.2 Isolate the leakage point provided that the EH oil pressure is not too low and contact the
94
maintenance personnel to make up oil in time when there is oil system leakage; shut down for emergency
immediately if the oil leakage is severe that cannot be isolated.
8.3.3.3 Perform isolation treatment, start up standby pump and shut down the operating pump if it is caused
by the high differential pressure of operating pump strainer or the operation of overpressure valve.
8.3.3.4 Start up the standby oil pump by interlock by checking and confirming that the fire-resistant oil
pressure decreases to ≤9.2MPa.
8.3.3.5 The steam turbine will trip when the oil pressure decreases to ≤ 7.8MPa.
8.3.3.6 Isolate the energy accumulator and contact the maintenance personnel if it has fault.
8.4 The oil level of oil tank decreases
8.4.1 Alarm will be given when the oil level of oil tank decreases to 300mm and make up oil in time.
8.4.2 Generally, oil level decreasing is caused by oil leakage of oil pipeline or oil cooler, try to perform
isolation if is caused by the above causes; shut down for treatment if the oil level decreases continuously,
which cannot be maintained.
8.5 Abnormal oil temperature
8.5.1 Check the start and stop conditions of circulating pump.
8.5.2 Check the working condition of cooling water and control valve and the operation condition of oil
cooler on site.
8.5.3 The heater should be put into operation if the oil temperature is lower than 21 ℃ and interlock stop if
the oil temperature is lhigher than 38 ℃.
8.6 Unqualified oiliness
8.6.1 Contact relative personnel and check all strainers of the system, change them if necessary.
8.6.2 Check the working condition of oil regenerating unit and if the regenerant is effective.
8.6.3 Put the oil regenerating unit into continuous operation.
8.6.4 Check if the complementary fresh oil is qualified.
95
Chapter 9 Faults of Main Machine Lubricating Oil System
9.1 Common faults
9.1.1 Lubricating oil pressure decreases.
9.1.2 Lubricating oil temperature increases abnormally.
9.1.3 The oil level of main oil tank decreases.
9.1.4 The quality of lubricating oil is unqualified.
9.1.5 The oil pipe leaks and the oil level of oil tank is low.
9.2 The pressure of lubricating oil decreases.
9.2.1 Phenomenon
1) All local instruments & meters and CRT indicate that the lubricating oil pressure decreases.
2) All bearing temperature and oil return temperature may rise or give an alarm.
3) Give an alarm the TOP will start up automatically at the same time when the lubricating oil pressure is ≤
0.115MPa or the outlet oil pressure of main oil pump is ≤ 1.205MPa,.
9.2.2 Cause and treatment
9.2.2.1 Start up MSP if the main oil pump or turbine pump operates abnormally, and shut down for
emergency if the operation of main oil pump is seriously abnormal.
9.2.2.2 Try to stop the leakage and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment when the oil supply
pipeline leaks, closely monitor the oil level of the main oil tank and make up oil if necessary.
9.2.2.3 EOP will start up automatically when the lubricating oil pressure decreases to 0.105MPa, and shut
down for emergency if the lubricating oil pressure continues decreasing to 0.07MPa.
9.2.2.4 Report to the shift engineer and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment if TOP and EOP
outlet check valves are not tightly closed.
9.2.2.5 Adjust the safety valve to normal when it operates by mistake.
9.2.2.6 Check all bearing coal and oil return temperature and oil flow of oil return squint immediately when
the lubricating oil pressure decreases.
9.2.2.7 Perform treatment according to the relevant regulations of this instruction if the bearing temperature
is high.
9.2.2.8 Shut down for emergency if the bearing oil is cut off.
9.2.2.9 Pay attention to the oil level of sealed oil vacuum tank when the lubricating oil pressure decreases.
9.3 High lubricating oil temperature
9.3.1 Phenomenon
9.3.1.1 The oil cooler outlet temperature is high.
96
9.3.1.2 All bearings temperature and their oil temperature is high or give alarm.
9.3.2 Cause and treatment
9.3.2.1 The cooling water capacity is low or the cooling water temperature is high; increase cooling water
capacity and decrease cooling water temperature.
9.3.2.2 The oil cooler is dirty. Switch to the operation of standby oil cooler and contact the maintenance
personnel for treatment at the same time.
9.3.2.3 The automatic adjustment of lubricating oil temperature is failed. Switch to the manual adjustment.
9.3.2.4 The main oil tank electric heater is put into operation by mistake. Stop the operation of electric
heater immediately.
9.3.2.5 Great unit vibration, abnormal operation of bearing and great steam leakage of shaft seal, etc. will
cause rises of oil temperature. Find out the different causes and take corresponding treatment.
9.4 Cause and treatment of main oil tank oil level decrease
9.4.1 Oil leaks due to the breakage of lubricating oil pipeline. Try to isolate and stop the leakage, contact
the maintenance personnel for treatment and make up oil at the same time. Shut down by reducing load or
shut down for emergency based on different conditions if the breakage of oil pipeline is serious. Ensure the
oil quantity required for idling during shutdown.
9.4.2 Oil leaks due to the faults of sealed oil system. Treat according to the rules of sealed oil system fault
treatment.
9.4.3 Water gets into oil due to the high shaft sealing steam supply pressure. Adjust the shaft sealing
pressure properly under the condition of ensuring the condenser vacuum.
9.4.4 The oil cooler leaks. Switch to standby oil cooler and treat by isolation.
9.4.5 The oil purifying device leaks due to faults. Close the oil inlet valve immediately and stop the
operation of oil purifying device.
9.4.6 The main oil tank oil level decreases slowly to1100mm. Make up oil in time. Shut down for
emergency if the oil make-up is too late and the main oil tank oil level decreases sharply to 1050mm
9.5 Cause and treatment of unqualified lubricating oil quality
9.5.1 Some mechanical impurities or water get into the oil system because the oil system is not thoroughly
cleaned in new unit or after maintenance. Strengthen oil purification or change oil.
9.5.2 In the operation, the water content in oil increases because the cooling water pressure is higher than
the lubricating oil pressure and the oil cooler leaks. Switch the oil cooler and strengthen oil purification at
the same time.
9.5.3 The water content in oil increases because the pressure of shaft sealing supply steam is high. Lower
the shaft sealing steam supply pressure and increase the pressure on shaft seal heater properly provided that
it will not influence the condenser vacuum.
9.5.4 The oil system has hot spot and the oiliness is ageing. Strengthen oil filtering and oil changing.
Remove the hot spot.
97
Chapter 10 Faults of Sealed Oil System
10.1 Common faults
10.1.1 The sealed oil pressure and oil-hydrogen differential pressure is low.
10.1.2 The sealed oil pump and vacuum pump have faults.
10.1.3 The sealed oil differential pressure regulator has faults.
10.1.4 The sealed oil is interrupted.
10.1.5 The sealed oil system is on fire.
10.1.6 The oil level of vacuum tank, expansion extension tank and float valve tank is abnormal.
10.1.7 The float valve has fault.
10.1.8 The sealed oil gets into the generator.
10.2.9 The hydrogen purity is low.
10.2 Fault treatment
10.2.1 Give an alarm when the main sealed oil pump trips or the pressure of seal oil mains lowers to
0.68MPa; the standby sealed oil pump will start up automatically after delaying for 3~5s, otherwise, start
up manually. The DC sealed oil pump will start up automatically after delaying for 5~8s if the sealed oil
pressure continue decreasing. Check if the main sealed oil pump and the relevant equipment are abnormal
and switch to the operation of standby main sealed oil pump if necessary. Stop the DC sealed oil pump
when the sealed oil pressure is normal.
10.2.2 Change the strainer and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment when the sealed oil strainer
differential pressure is high.
10.2.3 Use the control valve bypass to adjust when the automatic adjustment of sealed oil differential
pressure control valve is abnormal that cannot maintain the normal oil hydrogen differential pressure, of
which opening of bypass valve depends on the oil hydrogen pressure, and contact the maintenance
personnel for treatment.
10.2.4 Open the steam exhaust valve at the upper part of expands header for blowdown and make up
hydrogen of high purity if the hydrogen purity decreases when the emergency oil pump is put into
operation.
10.2.5 The main sealed oil pump cannot be put into operation within 12h when the emergency sealed oil
pump is put into operation. Under such condition, close the oil make-up valve of vacuum oil tank and oil
inlet valve of vacuum pump, stop the recirculating oil pump and vacuum pump and drop out the vacuum oil
tank.
10.2.6 The float valve faults of vacuum oil tank is mainly for that it cannot be adjusted automatically
caused by jamming of float valve; the vacuum oil tank should drop out if movement of the valve is invalid.
10.2.7 Monitor the purity of hydrogen if there is fault of vacuum pump, and make up hydrogen for
replacement if necessary and maintain the oil level of vacuum oil tank, otherwise, change using the
98
emergency oil pump and drop out the vacuum oil tank.
10.2.8 Lower the load and ensure the oil hydrogen differential pressure if the sealed oil pressure cannot be
maintained after startup of oil pump.
10.2.9 Decrease the hydrogen pressure to lower than 0.05MPa, switch over the third oil source for oil
supply and ensure the hydrogen purity by making up and exhausting hydrogen when all sealed oil pump
have faults.
10.2.10 Drop out the operation of float valve and switch to bypass valve for oil return immediately if the oil
level of extension trough is too high, and pay attention to the changes of hydrogen pressure to prevent the
oil getting into the generator.
10.2.11 Shut down for emergency and exhaust hydrogen when the generator sealed oil source is interrupted
10.2.12 Shut down for emergency, extinguish the fire and exhaust hydrogen if the sealed oil system is on
fire, which seriously threatens unit or personal safety.
10.2.13 Make use of bypass valve of float valve to adjustment and contact the maintenance personnel to rap
the float valve tank by rubber hammer when the oil level of expansion tank is high. At this time, pay
attention if there is oil in the oil and water observation port and discharge the oil in time if there is any. If
the standby sealed oil pump starts up by interlock, disable it after the system becomes normal and the oil
pressure is table. Ensure normal sealed oil pressure in operation, otherwise, cut off the excitation and shut
down for emergency once hydrogen leakage is found in the generator.
99
Chapter 11 Breakage of Steam Turbine Blade
11.1 Phenomenon
11.1.1 There is metal impact sound inside the cylinder.
11.1.2 The unit vibrates severely.
11.1.3 The axial displacement and differential expansion changes abnormally, the thrust pad temperature
and oil return temperature increases.
11.1.4 Steam extraction pressure changes abnormally.
11.1.5 In terms of LP cylinder blade breaking, the broken blade may go into the condenser and break the
copper tube, which will increase the conductivity and hardness of condensate and abnormal increase of
water level of hot well.
11.2 Treatment
11.2.1 Shut down for emergency when the blade breaking and severe vibration of unit are confirmed.
11.2.2 Analyze and find out the causes immediately if there are obvious changes of the pressure on the
monitored section during normal operation of unit, and if the load decreases, temperature of thrust pad
increases and there is large axial displacement, etc. at the same time, please apply for shutdown for
treatment immediately.
11.2.3 Decrease load for half condenser leakage inspection if it is the breakage of final stage blade causing
the increase of condensate hardness, but the vibration does not increase. If the water quality exceeds the
standards, shut down for emergency and pay attention to steam quality.
11.2.4 Maintain the normal water level by discharging water from the outlet valve of #5 LP heater when the
condenser water level increases.
11.3 To prevent the breakage of steam turbine blade, please pay attention to the following in the operation:
11.3.1 Keep the operation of unit within the allowable cycle range.
11.3.2 Keep the unit steam parameters normal.
11.3.3 Ensure the normal operation of heater and deaerator and keep the relevant water drain smooth.
11.3.4 Keep the normal output of unit and strictly prohibit overrun.
11.3.5 Strengthen the monitoring of steam water quality and prevent deposit and corrosion of blade.
100
Chapter 12 Abnormal Axial Displacement of Main Machine
12.1 Phenomenon
12.1.1 LCD and recorder indicate that the axial displacement exceeds the limit.
12.1.2 The thrust bearing and its oil return temperature increase abnormally. The unit vibration may
increase.
12.1.3 The steam turbine will trip when reaching the operation fixed value of protection.
12.2 Cause
12.2.1 Unit overloads.
12.2.2 The unit parameters, load and steam flow rate change suddenly.
12.2.3 Under the same load, the steam parameter is low or the working condition of steam extraction
changes suddenly.
12.2.4 There is water hammer in the steam turbine.
12.2.5 The thrust pad wears.
12.2.6 Faults of unit heater are removed.
12.2.7 Blade deposit is severe.
12.2.8 Blade is broken.
12.2.9 The condenser vacuum is low.
12.2.10 The unit axial vibration is abnormal.
12.2.11 The LP and HP bypass valves are opened by mistake or the HP and IP control valves are closed by
mistake.
12.2.12 Steam sealing is seriously worn.
12.3 Treatment
12.3.1 Check if the thrust pad temperature increases immediately. if there is abnormal sound inside the
machine, if the lubricating oil pressure and oil temperature is normal and is the unit vibration is normal
when it is found that the axial displacement is abnormal in operation.
12.3.2 Check if the parameters of main and reheat steam and condenser vacuum, etc. are normal.
12.3.3 Adjust all parameters to normal if the faults are caused by the above mentioned parameters.
12.3.4 Report to the shift engineer and reduce the unit load properly to recover the axial displacement and
oil return temperature as well as bearing temperature to normal.
12.3.5 Send out alarm signal when the unit axial displacement is ≥ +0.6mm or ≤ -1.05mm, and reduce load
immediately to recover the axial displacement to normal.
12.3.6 Check that the valve has no fault and can be recovered immediately provided that the stable unit
101
load can be ensured if the fault is caused by the incorrect open of HP and LP bypass valves or incorrect
closing of HP and LP control valves.
12.3.6 Shut down for emergency if the fault is caused by the blade breaking or the water hammer of steam
turbine.
12.3.5 Shut down for emergency when the protection does not operate while the axial displacement rises to
the limited value.
102
Chapter 13 High Bearing Temperature of Steam Turbine
13.1 Phenomenon
13.1.1 LCD indicates that the bearing temperature is high or gives an alarm.
13.1.2 The indication of local bearing oil return temperature gauge is high.
13.1.3 The unit vibration may increase.
13.2 Cause
13.2.1 The lubricating oil temperature is high or the lubricating oil pressure is low or the oil quality is not
qualified.
13.2.2 The cooing water system of oil cooler has faults.
13.2.3 The blocking of bearing oil inlet pipe causes low oil feeding or oil cut-off and unsmooth oil return.
13.2.4 The shaft seal has great steam leakage.
13.2.5 The bearing is damaged.
13.2.6 Bearing clearance and tightening force assembly is bad, which is too large or too small.
13.2.7 If the unit overloads, operation of steam extraction system and vacuum system is abnormal, the
thrust bearing temperature and oil return temperature will increase.
13.2.8 There is bearing dynamic and static pressure friction or overload of bearing.
13.2.9 The jacking oil pressure is low and forced turning.
13.2.10 The abnormal interlock protection result in low oil pressure operation.
13.3 Treatment
13.3.1 Check if the oil pressure, oil temperature, oiliness and oil pump is normal and strengthen the
monitoring to the lubricating oil system if it is found that the bearing temperature is high in operation.
13.3.2 Generally, all bearing temperature increasing is caused by the high and low lubricating oil
temperature or increases of unit speed and great unit vibration, so check the working state of cooler and
main oil pump and adjust the oil temperature to normal.
13.3.3 Check if both indications of LCD temperature and local oil return temperature of the same bearing
increase; check the condition of oil flow of bearing oil return squint and listen carefully to the internal
sound of bearing on site, shut down when reaching the regulation.
13.3.4 Reduce the shaft sealing steam pressure properly provided that the condenser vacuum can be
ensured if the leakage capacity of shaft seal is large.
13.3.5 Strengthen oil filtering or oil changing if the oiliness is not qualified and shut down based for
treatment as required when the oiliness is seriously aging.
13.3.6 Adjust the lubricating oil temperature and pressure to normal.

13.3.7 Adjust the unit load when the overload of thrust bearing causes temperature increasing.
13.3.8 The unit should reduce load for operation when any one of bearing temperature is high enough to
reach the alarming value. The protection operation of unit should be shut down when any one of the
bearing temperature is ≥ 115℃, otherwise, shut down manually.
103
Chapter 14 Changes of Unit Load
14.1 Cause
14.1.1 System impact and oscillation.
14.1.2 Generator loses synchronizer.
14.1.3 Control circuit has faults.
14.1.4 EH oil pressure fluctuates.
5.12.2 Treatment
5.12.2.1 Find out the causes according to the LCD indications, relevant meter indications and external
appearance.
5.12.2.2 Perform relevant operation according to the demand of shift engineer if the system has oscillation.
5.12.2.3 Decrease the active power of generator and manually increase excitation when the generator loses
synchronizer.
5.12.2.4 Strictly control the output of unit and do not operate beyond the output if the grid cycle change
causes the sudden change of unit load.
104
Chapter 15 Unit Load Rejection
15.1 Phenomenon
15.1.1 The unit load decreases suddenly, local sound changes suddenly and axial displacement changes.
15.1.2 The steam pressure increases and the boiler safety valve may operate.
15.1.3 The speed of unit rises and the unit vibration increases.
15.1.4 Steam extraction pressure of all sections decreases.
15.1.5 PLU and ACC will operate when the unit load rejection reaches the operating conditions of active
load unbalanced relay and accelerating relay.
15.1.6 The relevant interlock will operate at the boiler side when there is “RUN BACK” operating
condition.
15.2 Cause
15.2.1 The electric power system has fault and the power transmission line trips.
15.2.2 The unit protection operates.
15.2.3 The speed governing system has fault, the control valve closes by mistake or the main auxiliary
machine trips.
15.3 Treatment
15.3.1 Closely monitor the parameter changes of main and reheat steam and keep the normal parameters of
boiler as far as possible.
15.3.2 Perform complete inspection to the operation condition of unit, find out the causes as soon as
possible and make corresponding treatment; report to the shift engineer immediately and make preparation
of running up if there is no obvious fault.
15.3.3 Shut down for treatment if it is the fault of speed governing system that cannot be treated in
operation.
15.3．4 Check the operation condition of steam pump and condition of feed water automatic governing.
Release the automatic main feed water and low-power turbine and pay attention to the operating condition
of minimum flow valve of water feed pump if the automatic adjustment of feed water cannot meet the
requirement of boiler.
15.3.5 Pay attention to the operation condition of auxiliary power; pay attention to the condenser vacuum
and the steam exhaust temperature of LP cylinder. Monitor and adjust the water level of condenser,
deaerator and heater; keep the auxiliary machine mains pressure normal.
15.3.6 Pay attention to the deaerator pressure and the steam supply condition of shaft seal.
15.3.7 Report to the shift engineer and execute the demand of shift engineer immediately if the fault is
caused by unit protection misoperation.
105
Chapter 16 Decrease of Condenser Vacuum
16.1 Phenomenon
16.1.1 Indication of LCD and all local condenser vacuum decrease.
16.1.2 The steam exhaust temperature and condensate temperature increases.
16.1.3 The steam flow rate and governing stage pressure will increase under the same load.
16.1.4 Alarm when the vacuum decreases to -80.3KPa or the steam exhaust temperature rises to 80℃.
16.2 Cause
16.2.1 The circulating water pump works abnormally or trips, the opening of circulating pump outlet disc
valve decreases or is fully closed and the inlet and outlet valves of condenser circulating water are closed
by mistake, etc., which caused the decreasing or interrupting of circulating water capacity.
16.2.2 The copper tube of condenser is dirty.
16.2.3 The vacuum pump works abnormally or trips.
16.2.4 The vacuum breaking valve is opened by mistake or is not fully closed, vacuum system pipeline and
other equipment system are damaged or have leakage and water seal of vacuum system valve is lost.
16.2.5The shaft sealing steam supply pressure decreases obviously and the water level and negative
pressure of shaft sealing heater are abnormal.
16.2.6 The water level of condenser hot well is too high.
16.2.7 Low-power turbine vacuum system has leakage.
16.2.8 The breakaway explosion doors of low-power and high-power turbine LP cylinder break.
16.3 Treatment
16.3.1 Check the indications of all vacuum gauges, contrast the increasing condition of steam exhaust
temperature to confirm the vacuum decreases if the vacuum of condenser is found decreasing.
16.3.2 Confirm that the vacuum decreases, start up the standby vacuum pump, maintain the normal vacuum
of condenser and find out the cause immediately.
16.3.3 Perform the following inspection to the circulating water system.
16.3.3.1 Check if the circulating water pressure is normal; check if the circulating water system leaks or is
blocked if the pressure is low;
16.3.3.2 Check if the water level of absorbing well is normal, wash the inlet rotary screen in time if the
water level is low and check if the water level of cooling tower is normal, otherwise, make up water in
time;
16.3.3.3 Check if the circulating water temperature increases;
16.3.3.4 It is the dirty tube that causes the increasing of condenser water inlet pressure and outlet water
temperature, then it is necessary to wash the condenser;
106
16.3.3.5 Check if the operation of circulating water pump is normal, otherwise, start up the standby pump.
16.3.4 Perform the following inspection to the vacuum system and make corresponding isolation:
16.3.4.1 Check if the vacuum pump works normally;
16.3.4.2 Check if the vacuum system has leakage point;
16.3.4.3 Check if the vacuum system pipeline and LP heater continuous steam exhaust pipeline are
damaged;
16.3.4.4 Check if the vacuum breaking valve is fully closed and if the sealed water is normal;
16.3.4.5 Check if the steam supply pressure of shaft sealing is normal; check if the steam inlet valve,
diverter valve and unloading valve of shaft sealing are normal, check if the water seal of shaft sealing
heater U-tube is normal; start up the standby fan if the shaft sealing heater has fault or the negative pressure
of shaft sealing heater is low;
16.3.4.6 Check if the steam exhaust system of low-power turbine is normal, start up the electric pump, stop
the low-power turbine and close the steam exhaust disc valve if necessary.
16.3.5 Check if the condensate pump sealed water is normal and if the gland packing has leakage; check if
the condenser water level is too high.
16.3.6 The standby vacuum pump will start up automatically if the condenser vacuum decreases to
-80.3kPa, otherwise, put it into operation manually; reduce the load to zero if the vacuum continue
decreasing. Reduce load to zero if the vacuum decreases to -76 kPa, and the trip protection should operate
if vacuum decreases to -76 kPa, otherwise, trip manually.
16.3.7 Pay close attention to the LP cylinder steam exhaust temperature during the process of vacuum
decreasing, and water spray of LP cylinder is put into operation when the steam exhaust temperature rises
to 60℃. When the steam exhaust temperature rises to 80℃, the water spray valve should be fully opened,
the trip protection will operate to trip if the temperature continues rising to 107℃.
16.3.8 The low-power turbine will trip when the vacuum decrease to -30kPa, otherwise, shut down
manually.
107
Chapter 17 Great Unit Vibration
17.1 Phenomenon
17.1.1 The unit sound is abnormal, or there is an alarm.
17.1.2 The indication of TSI bearings vibration as well as the local actual measurement is large.
17.1.2 The vibration of bearing is obvious by hand feeling.
17.1.3 All bearing temperature will increase to some extent.
17.2 Cause
17.2.1 The lubricating oil pressure and temperature is abnormal or the oil film oscillates.
17.2.2 The unit has dynamic and static friction and shaft bends.
17.2.3 The unit sliding pin system is jammed resulting in the uneven expansion.
17.2.4 The abrupt changes of operation parameters and working condition result in the abnormal change of
axial thrust.
17.2.5 The warming up of unit is not sufficient, the cylinder expansion is not smooth or the water drain is
not in good condition.
17.2.6 The blade is broken or the internal mechanical element is damaged and falls off.
17.2.7 The bearing works abnormally and the bearing bracket gets loose or the bearing is damaged.
17.2.8 The unit center is irregular or the coupling gets loose.
17.2.9 There are cold steam and water getting into the steam turbine or water impact occurs in the turbine.
17.2.10 The unit speed is within the critical speed region during startup and shutdown.
17.2.11 The vacuum decreasing causes the excursion of steam turbine shaft center line or the vibration of
final stage blade.
17.2.12 The generator causes unit vibration, such as open phase operation, blade breaking and imbalanced
magnetic field.
17.3 Treatment
17.3.1 The steam turbine should trip when the unit vibration increases abnormally and up to protection
operation value, otherwise, shut down manually.
17.3.2 Check if the lubricating oil pressure and temperature is normal and if the bearing metal temperature
and oil return temperature is normal, make adjustment if they are abnormal.
17.3.3 Isolate the source of cold steam and water and strengthen water drainage of proper if the vibration is
caused by water impact.
17.3.4 Reduce the unit load for observing and treatment if the fault is caused by the generator vibration.
17.3.5 Contact the shift engineer for load adjust and observe the vibration condition if there is no obvious
causes about the unit vibration.
17.3.6 The normal value of unit shaft vibration is ≤ 0.766mm and the alarm value is ≥ 0.125mm. The unit
will trip when the shaft vibration is ≥ 0.25mm and the value should be ≤ 0.15mm when the unit exceeds its
critical speed.
108
Chapter 18 Faults of Auxiliary Machine
18.1 Stop the operation of rotating equipment for emergency when one of the following situations occurs:
18.1.1 The equipment has intense vibration and dynamic and static friction.
18.1.2 There is clear metal friction sound inside the equipment.
18.1.3 The electric motor smokes and catches fire.
18.1.4 The bearing oil is cut off or the bearing smokes.
18.1.5 Other faults that may endanger the equipment and personal safety.
18.2 Start up the standby auxiliary machine at first and then shut down the fault equipment in the following
situations:
18.2.1 The equipment has abnormal sound.
18.2.2 The motor current increases abnormally, insulation has burnt smell or the motor winding
temperature exceeds the limits.
18.2.3 The electric motor operates in two-phase.
18.2.4 The operating pump has vaporization.
18.2.5 The bearing temperature is over the limit.
18.2.6 Air cooling system of large electric motor has fault.
18.2.7 The gland packing heats, smokes or the adjustment of large oil and water leakage is ineffective.
18.2.8 Other situations that may endanger the safe operation of auxiliary machine.
18.3 The electric motor should be stopped immediately during startup if the following abnormal situations
occur:
18.3.1 The current does not return for a long time after startup.
18.3.2 The motor does not rotate and there is humming sound after the switch is closed.
18.3.3 There is sparking or smoking inside the electric motor.
18.3.4 The equipment has abnormal vibration, and there is severe leakage in the connecting pipe and flange,
etc.
18.4 Large vibration of auxiliary machine
18.4.1 Phenomenon
18.4.1.1 It will give an alarm when the vibration of corresponding auxiliary machine is large if the
vibration values of local measurement and remote indication are large. The auxiliary machine with
vibration protection will trip when reaching the operating value.
18.4.1.2 Generally, there is abnormal sound from local listening and the bearing temperature may rise up.
109
18.4.1.3 There will be large abnormal sound on site if the water pump has large vibration caused by
vaporization.
18.4.2 Cause
18.4.2.1 The coupling centering does not meet the requirement or the coupling is damaged.
18.4.2.2 The rotor center is irregular.
18.4.2.3 The bearing mounting clearance is too large or the bearing is damaged.
18.4.2.4 The anchor bolt gets loose or the joint part of machinery gets loose.
18.4.2.5 The fan surges or the water pump is vaporized.
18.4.3 Treatment
18.4.3.1 The irregular rotor center should be centered.
18.4.3.2 Check if the bearing is damaged; the anchor bolt or joint part of machinery that get loose should be
fastened.
18.4.3.3 Perform effective adjustment immediately when there is surging or vaporization.
18.4.3.4 The equipment without protection should be stopped if the vibration increases abnormally and
exceeds the limits..
18.4.3.5 The vibration of auxiliary machine will be considered as large vibration when exceeding the values
in the table below:
Rating speed(rpm) 7600 3000 1500 1000 750

Vibration amplitude (double amplitude um) 40 50 85 100 120
110
Chapter 19 Reverse Rotation of Steam Pump
19.1 Phenomenon
19.1.1 The speed of low-power turbine decreases to zero and then rises and there is abnormal sound inside
the pump. “Reverse rotation of pump” alarm window alarms.
19.1.2 The outlet pressure of steam pump is low while the inlet pressure is high.
19.1.3 The bearing vibration is large.
19.1.4 The axial displacement increases at reverse direction.
19.1.5 The booster pump outlet pressure is high.
19.1.6 The deaerator pressure and water level rises.
19.2 Treatment
19.2.1 Close its outlet motor-operated valve immediately when the steam pump is found in reverse rotation,
and close the outlet motor-operated valve manually if the valve is jammed or powers off.
19.2.2 Stop the operating low-power turbine and electric pump and close their outlet motor-operated
valves.
19.2.3 Close the intermediate bleed-off valve and booster stage outlet valve of reversal rotating steam pump
and open the minimum flow valve of steam pump.
19.2.4 The inlet motor-operated valve of booster pump of reverse rotation pump cannot be closed.
19.2.5 Close the inlet main feed water motor-operated valve of economizer, close the outlet motor-operated
valve of HP heater and stop filling water to the boiler.
19.2.6 Pay attention that the operation of lubricating oil system of low-power turbine is normal.
111
Chapter 20 Abnormal Cycle
20.1 Low cycle operation should be avoided for it may bring risk of resonance and breakage to the final
two stage blades of LP cylinder.
20.2 Increase the generator load immediately when low cycle comes out in system according to the
instructions of the shift engineer.
20.3 Check and make sure that all operation parameters of the main steam, vacuum, axial displacement,
metal temperature of thrust bearing, vibration and lubricating oil pressure, etc. do not exceed the limit value,
otherwise, take corresponding actions for treatment.
20.4 Take notice of the operation conditions of all auxiliary equipment and take corresponding actions
when occurrence of abnormal condition because the output of auxiliary equipment may be insufficient
caused by low cycle.
112
Chapter 21 Turbine Overspeed
21.1 Phenomenon of turbine overspeed
21.1.1 Generally, the unit load suddenly decreases to zero and there is abnormal sound in the unit.
21.1.2 The speed rises to the operation speed of emergency governor and increases continuously.
21.1.3 Adjusting oil pressure and primary oil pressure increases rapidly.
21.1.4 Unit vibration increases.
21.1.5 Relevant parameters of steam turbine proper, such as: lubricating oil pressure, axial displacement,
oil return temperature, thrust pad temperature and differential expansion
21.2 Cause of steam turbine overspeed
21.2.1 Speed control system of steam turbine has fault, and unit cannot maintain no-load operation after
load rejection.
21.2.2 Faults of steam turbine overspeed protection.
21.2.3 The HP and LP automatic main stop valves, speed control valves, steam extraction check valves, etc.
are not tightly closed, is jammed or is not closed in place after generator parallel-off,.
21.2.4 The speed increases too fast for the misoperation of overspeed test.
21.3 Treatment for steam turbine overspeed
21.3.1 Break the vacuum and shut down for emergency immediately.
21.3.2 Confirm that the steam turbine and generator have tripped, otherwise, trip immediately by hand.
21.3.3 Check and confirm if the HP and IP main stop valves, speed control valves, steam extraction check
valves and HP steam exhaust check valves are tightly closed on LCD and on site, open VV and BDV and
cut off the steam feeding of steam turbine.
21.3.4 Open boiler safety valve to decrease the main steam and reheat steam pressure as soon as possible.
21.3.5 Perform overall inspection to the unit and find out the causes of overspeed after the decreasing of
speed. The unit can be started up only when the fault is cleared and the equipment is confirmed to be in
normal. Test the emergency governor after the speed is fixed and operate synchronously after it is qualified.
21.4 Precautions for steam turbine overspeed
21.4.1 The overspeed protection of steam turbine is put into operation normally.
21.4.2 Perform oil injection test once after the unit operates continuously for six-month and perform
movement test for the governing valve every day.
21.4.3 Perform leakage test for main stop valve and governing valve when starting up unit.
21.4.4 The steam turbine lubricating oil, fire-resistant oil and purification device and regeneration
equipment should be put into operation reliably and ensure that the oil quality is qualified.
113
21.4.5 Strictly control the steam and water quality index to ensure the water quality is fine to prevent
scaling of valve lever.
21.4.6 Check the lubricating oil and oil-resistant oil pressure, corresponding value of main stop valve
position and load and strengthen the inspection and monitor to the oil-resistant oil system and lubricating
oil system during operation.
114
Chapter 22 Generator Fire
1) Rules for generator fire extinguishing
Use carbon dioxide for extinguishing the generator fire. There should be fire extinguisher special for the
electrical equipment in the generator room and central control room. Fire extinguishing should be done
after the trip of the main breaker and auxiliary breaker and de-excitation of generator.
2) The following measures should be taken by the operator on-duty when the generator is on fire:
① Stop the unit immediately and maintain the unit idling operation and the continuous operation of inner
cooling water pump;
② The operator on-duty should use local standby generator fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire in time
and inform the fire brigade for help and point out the specific equipment on fire. Foam fire extinguisher or
sand cannot be used for fire extinguishing;
Start up the turbine auxiliary oil pump and jacking oil pump. Avoid overheat on one side, which may cause
shaft bending. It is prohibited to totally stop the turbine before the fire is put out.
3) Perform emergency hydrogen exhaust immediately and take safety measures to prevent hydrogen
exploding.
115
Chapter 23 Faults of Generator Cooling System
23.1 Faults of hydrogen cooling system
23.1.1 Shut down for emergency and exhaust the hydrogen if the generator smokes, sparks or explodes.
23.1.2 Exhaust make-up hydrogen if the hydrogen purity in the generator lowers to 95% during the
operation of generator. Confirm that there is no hot work nearby the sewage draining outlet when blows
down. The operation should be slow to prevent the static electricity exploding and sparking.
23.1.3 Check the working condition of hydrogen cooler if the hydrogen temperature is abnormal, and use
bypass valve to adjust the temperature manually and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment if the
automatic adjustment for hydrogen temperature fails.
23.1.4 Closely monitor the generator stator iron core and winding temperature if one set of the hydrogen
cooler is in shut down for faults and the unit load reduces to 80%.
23.1.5 Inform the maintenance personnel for treatment and contact the chemical personnel to sample for
analyzing the hydrogen purity every four hour until the hydrogen purity detector is repaired and put into
normal operation when the hydrogen purity detector has fault.
23.1.6 Find out the causes immediately and try to remove the problems when the hydrogen pressure inside
the generator reduces or there is hydrogen leakage. Cause and treatment for high capacity of hydrogen
leakage and hydrogen pressure decreasing:
a The sealed oil is interrupted. Shut down and exhaust the hydrogen for emergency.
b The sealed oil pressure is low, which cannot maintain the normal oil hydrogen differential pressure. Try
to adjust the sealed oil pressure to normal or start up the standby pump; operate by decreasing the hydrogen
pressure if the sealed oil pressure cannot be increased. Control the load according to the corresponding
curve of hydrogen pressure and load when the hydrogen pressure decreases.
c The broken pipe and leakage of flange valve and the measuring lead of generator cause hydrogen leakage.
Try to deal with this problem provided that the normal operation of unit is not influenced, shut down for
treatment if the fault cannot be treated.
d Report to the shift engineer quickly and shut down for treatment if the generator sealing pads or coil out
bushing are damaged.
e Correct the wrong operation immediately, close the hydrogen exhaust valve tightly and make up
hydrogen to normal hydrogen pressure if there is any misoperation or the hydrogen valve is not tightly
closed.
f Report to the shift engineer if there is any doubt about the generator stator winding or hydrogen cooler
leakage, shut down for treatment if necessary.
g Open the doors and windows in the relevant area immediately, start up the roof fans, strengthen
ventilation and air exchange and prohibit any hot work if the hydrogen leaks to the plant.
23.2 Faults of water cooling system
23.2.1 Check the working condition of operating pump and switch the pump if the stator cooling water
116
pressure is low.
23.2.2 Make up water to be the normal water level if the water lever of water tank is low.
23.2.3 Try to isolate them and contact the maintenance personnel for treatment if the system pipe, valve,
water cooler and flange, etc. leaks.
23.2.4 Close the system water discharge valve, which is opened by mistake.
23.2.5 Generator water-break should be treated according to the treatment of generator water-break.
117
Chapter 24 Fire Disaster
24.1 If fire disaster happens in the areas charged by the operators, they:
24.1.1 Should not leave their posts without permission or run around in panic.
24.1.2 Should strengthen the unit operation maintenance and treat the accident based on rules.
24.1.3 Should implement the right order from upper level immediately.
24.2 Treatment of fire disaster
24.2.1 Rush to the fire scene quickly after fire alarm signal is sent out, learn about the fire situation, check
if the fire-fighting system operates normally and make use of related fire extinguisher correctly to put out
the fire.
24.2.2 In case of the electrical equipment is on fire, cut off the power supply firstly, and then use the fire
extinguisher to put out the fire. if the electrical equipment is on fire, which may threaten the safety of
equipment, shut down the equipment and cut off the power supply.
24.2.3 Try to prevent the fire spreading, take away the inflammable substances around the fire scene and
put out the fire as soon as possible when the fire is not threatening the unit operation.
24.2.4 Strengthen monitoring operation and make preparation for shutdown.
24.2.5 Shut down for emergency immediately when fire disaster is seriously threatening the unit safety.
24.2.6 If the oil tank is on fire or the fire is near the oil tank, which is seriously threatening the oil tank
safety, open the emergency oil drain valve at the same time while shutting down by breaking vacuum.
However, the lubricating oil should not be interrupted before the unit stops to prevent the bearing burnt.
24.2.7 Shut down for emergency when the fire of sealed oil system cannot be put out immediately and
threatens the equipment safety, and exhaust the hydrogen during the process of idling to ensure that the
sealed oil system can support the unit until it stop.
24.2.8 Shut down for emergency and charge CO2 into the generator to extinguish the fire by exhausting H2
when the generator or hydrogen cooling system is on fire. Operation of water cooling system should be
maintained.
24.3 Fire extinguishing methods, equipment used and precautions:
24.3.1 Water, foam fire extinguisher and sand, etc. can be used to put out the fire when the sundries that are
not immersed wit oil are on fire.
24.3.2 Foam fire extinguisher and sand, etc. should be used to put out the fire when the sundries that is
immersed with oil are on fire.
24.3.3 Foam fire extinguisher and CO2, CCL4 and 1211 fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire
when the oil tank and the oil in other containers are on fire. Use wet cloth to put out the fire or isolate the
air if necessary, but sand and water tap without nozzle are banned.
24.3.4 In terms of the electrical equipment are on fire, use CO2, CCL4 and 1211 and dry powder fire
extinguisher to put out the fire after the power supply is cut off, and foam fire extinguisher is banned. If the
118
motor is on fire, sand or injecting water into the generator are prohibited to be used to put out the fire.
24.3.5 In terms of the electrical equipment are on fire, use CO2 and CCL4 fire extinguisher to put out the
fire if the power supply cannot be cut off immediately, and prohibit using other uninsulated fire-fighting
equipment.
24.3.6 In terms of the steam pipe and other high heat parts are on fire, CO2 fire extinguisher cannot be used
to put out the fire and water should be used prudently to prevent the equipment from damaging of heat
stress.
24.3.7 It is prohibited to use sand to put out the fire when the equipment transmission part and speed
governing system are on fire, and refer to the relevant provisions above.
24.3.8 CO2 and 1211 fire extinguisher are mainly used to put out the fire if the hydrogen system is on fire.
119
Chapter 25 DCS Faults
25.1 Faults of all DCS operator station
25.1.1 Phenomenon
a. All upper computers turns into “black screen” or are halted.
b. The operation displays of mouse or keyboard stand still.
c. All parameters on DCS display and alarming indications, etc. do not change.
25.1.2 Cause
a. DCS power supply has fault.
b. DCS signal interface breaks.
c. Internal software of DCS control has error.
d. DCS internal hardware has fault.
25.1.3 Treatment
a. If the fire of boiler is extinguished for the faults of DCS, treat it according to fire extinguishing rules.
b. Switch to the mode of standby operation and clear the faults and recover the operation mode of operator
station if the boiler fire is not extinguished and the main standby hard manual operation and monitoring
meter is usable and can maintain the normal unit operation temporarily, otherwise, shut down the turbine
and boiler immediately. Shut down the turbine and boiler even if there is no reliable standby operation and
monitoring method.
c. Monitor the drum water level, furnace load, temperature and pressure and boiler combustion situation
through local water level TV, flame TV, drum water level gauge, meters of furnace load and main and
reheat steam pressure and temperature and other monitoring meters.
d. Keep the unit load stable. Properly adjust the load by hand to keep the pressure normal when the steam
pressure is unstable.
e. Contact the thermal engineer for checking and treatment.
f. Shut down the boiler if the working condition of boiler combustion cannot be controlled, the parameters
are abnormal and DCS faults cannot be cleared in time.
g. Close all oil, air and smoke valves or baffles on site manually or electrically, stop the rotating equipment
that should be stopped in urgent boiler shutdown after the boiler is shut down.
25.2 Faults of partial operator stations
25.2.1 Use the serviceable operator stations to continue monitoring the unit operation conditions when
partial operator stations have faults.
25.2.2 Stop significant operation.
25.2.3 Contact the thermal engineer to treat the faults immediately.

120
25.2.4 Treat the faults that cannot be cleared according to the working condition at that time.
25.3 Take the following measures when the controller or corresponding power supply in system have faults:
25.3.1 Switch to the standby manual operation and treat the system faults immediately when the auxiliary
machine controller or corresponding power supply have faults, if the condition does not allow, drop out the
auxiliary machine.
25.3.2 Switch AUTO to MANUAL to maintain the operation and treat the system faults immediately and
take corresponding actions based on the treatment condition when the adjusting circuit controller or its
corresponding power supply have faults.
25.3.3 Change or repair the controller module in terms of the controller faults of boiler protection, take
repatriation measures when it comes to power supply faults of boiler protection, at this time, take actions to
prevent the controller initializing. If recover is failed, shut down the boiler for emergency.
121
Chapter 26 Instrument gas Lost
26.1 Phenomenon
26.1.1 The instrument gas decreases and give an alarm due to low LCD instrument gas pressure.
26.1.2 The pneumatic governing valve adjustment is failed and the relevant water level and temperature
cannot be automatically adjusted.
26.1.3 The positions of pneumatic governing valve, damper and baffle plate change, which is fully opened
or closed.
26.1.4 The main steam pressure is out of control.
26.2 Cause
26.2.1 The operating air compressor trips and standby air compressor is not put into operation or operating
air compressor has insufficient load.
26.2.2 The auxiliary steam pipe breaks or has serious leakage causing the steam pressure cannot be
maintained.
26.2.3 The personnel makes mistakes in operation and close the master steam source valve mistakenly.
26.2.4 The safety valve of compressed air system is jammed and cannot blow down after operation.
26.3 Treatment
26.3.1 Contact the handling attendant immediately to increase the output of air compressor, start up the
standby air compressor and perform overall inspection to the compressed air system to identify the causes
and recover as soon as possible.
26.3.2 Perform overall inspection to the system to see if there are serious leakage points, and try to do
isolation if there is any.
26.3.3 Manually adjust some important governing valves or bypass manual valves locally before the air
pressure is recovered to ensure that the significant parameters of deaerator, water level of condenser and
lubricating oil temperature of main machine, etc. are normal.
26.3.4 For other pneumatic valves, perform corresponding manual treatment to the ones that can be
adjusted by hand.
26.3.5 Closely monitor the unit working conditions, and shut down for emergency when the unit operation
cannot be maintained.
26.3.6 Check the switch position of the following pneumatic valve after shutdown.
26.3.6.1 Three sets of HP heaters are normal and the emergency water drain valve is open.
26.3.6.2 Four sets of LP heaters are normal and the emergency water drain valve is open.
26.3.6.3 Condensate circulating valve is open.
26.3.6.4 The HP front water drain valve, BDV valve front water drain valve, IP main steam front water
122
drain valve, LP bypass front water drain valves, front and rear water drain valves of HP steam exhaust
check valve, the HP main steam front water drain valve of water feeding pump steam turbine and the LP
main stop valve front and rear water drain valves of water feeding pump steam turbine are open.
26.3.6.5 The rear water drain valve of section no.1, no. 2 and no.3 extraction motor-operated valves, the
front and rear water drain valves of section no.4 steam extraction motor-operated valve, the rear drain valve
of section no.5 steam extraction motor-operated valve，the rear drain valve of section no.6 steam extraction
motor-operated valve and the drain valve from section no.4 steam extraction to auxiliary pipe are open.
26.3.6.6 The steam exhaust check valves on all sections are closed.
123
Chapter 27 Anti-accident Measures for Preventing Oil Overflow and Bush
Seizure of Turbine
27.1 The oil level of main oil tank and the oil level of low-power turbine oil tank should be in normal oil
level during normal operation.
27.2 Move the oil level gauge of main oil tank once a day to check that oil level gauge has no jamming and
the oil level alarm is normal. The indications of two oil level gauges should be basically consistent.
27.3 The test of low-power turbine oil tank oil level alarm is normal.
27.4 The test of oil purifier fault alarm signal is normal. Perform regular routine inspection when the device
is putting into operation, isolate immediately if any oil overflow is found and pay attention to the oil level
of main oil tank and make up oil to normal oil level immediately if oil level decreases.
27.5 The oil filter and oil purifier of main oil tank and low-power turbine should not be put into operation
at the same time and isolate the oil purifier reliably before filtering oil.
27.6 The connection between the oil tanks of main oil tank and low-power turbine and oil filtering should
not be performed at the same time.
27.7 The emergency oil relieve valve and drain valve of main turbine and low-power turbine oil tank
should be closed tightly and locked by chains.
27.8 There should be certain amount of qualified turbine oil reserved in the outdoor oil tank and the
cleaning pump and sludge pump should be in good standby state to ensure that the main oil tank and
low-power turbine oil tank can be made up oil in time.
27.9 Check the oil tank immediately if the oil level decreases during normal operation. Try to isolate or
stop leakage if there is any leakage in the oil pipe and pay attention to the changes of oil tank oil level and
make up oil if necessary.
27.10 Check if the oil cooler leaks, switch and isolate if there is any leakage.
27.11 Check the sealing oil system: if the float valve of sealing oil expansion tank is jammed, adjust it
immediately by using bypass valve, keep the oil level gauge bypass valve at normal oil level and contact
the maintenance personnel to remove the problems; if the oil pipe leaks, try to isolate it and shut down for
emergency if the problem cannot be removed, which may cause sharp decrease of oil level.
27.12 If oil make-up is useless when the oil level of main oil tank decreases and to1050mm, break the
vacuum immediately for emergency shutdown to ensure the oil for turbine idling.
124
Chapter 28 Anti-accident Measures for Preventing Water Inlet and Shaft
Bending of Turbine
28.1 Check that the cylinder is of good insulation condition before turbine startup and it is forbidden to start
up the turbine without complete insulation to ensure that there will be no large temperature difference
during normal startup and shutdown. Stop warming by acceleration or load increase when the temperature
difference of inner and outer cylinder is >40℃ until the temperature difference is <30℃. Completely avoid
negative temperature difference because of cold inside and hot outside.
28.2 The metal temperature measuring point of each part of turbine should be complete and reliable and the
shaft eccentricity indication should be correct. Shaft eccentricity should not exceed the original value
+0.03mm before impulse starting, otherwise, forbidden startup.
28.3 Turning should be continuous for not less than 4h before impulse starting of turbine. Put to continuous
turning immediately after shutdown and rotor becomes static. If continuous turning cannot be put into
operation for faults, turn 180°every half an hour and put to continuous turning after removing rotor elastic
deformation and thermal deformation (that is, the residence time after turning is 1/2 of that before turning).
28.4 Try to avoid operating for a long time below initial load when the unit starts up and shut down.
Regularly check and carefully listen to the sound inside the cylinder and shaft sealing during normal
operation and report for treatment if any abnormity is found.
28.5 Strictly execute the valve checking procedure before startup. Check that all related valves are fully
opened before impulse starting and on site to confirm that drainage is smooth.
28.6 HP cylinder prewarming should be performed strictly according to the curve, pay attention to that the
temperature rise is in the allowable range and the warming steam source is fully drained.
28.7 Supply steam to shaft sealing and then extract vacuum when starts up unit. Fully warm and drain the
shaft sealing system before supplying steam to shaft sealing to prevent cold steam or drainage getting into
shaft sealing. The shaft sealing steam temperature should match with the cylinder metal temperature.
Ignition can be done only after vacuum boiler is built in condenser.
28.8 Try to ensure that temperature difference between main and reheat steam temperature during impulse
starting and first stage temperature of HP and IP inner cylinder is +50℃.
28.9 Try to adopt “OPERATOR AUTO” mode during unit impulse starting and do not intervene the
execution of procedure without cause. Strictly execute 200rpm low speed friction check. There should be
special personnel monitoring the vibration, pad temperature, differential expansion and metal temperature
of TSI system during startup and there should be also special personnel monitoring the vibration and total
cylinder expansion of each bearing on site and it is strictly prohibited to stay in critical speed region. Shut
down immediately if find that the vibration exceeding the specification (especially before 1st critical speed)
and it is strictly prohibited to obverse by decreasing speed..
28.10 Closely monitor the changes of parameters such as drum water level, main turbine axial displacement,
differential expansion, vibration and main and reheat temperature and strictly control the main and reheat
steam temperature change rate under any operating conditions, especially during unit startup and shutdown
and variable operating condition. Shut down manually immediately when the main steam temperature
decreases to tripping value but the protection does not operate. Immediately shut down if the steam
temperature decreases 50℃ sharply in 5min.
125
28.11 Closely monitor the water level of HP and LP heater and deaerator. Check that the protection operates
correctly when the heaters are full of water, otherwise, parallel off manually and check if the steam
extraction motor-operated valve and check valve are closed and switch feed water to bypass. Open the
steam extraction pipe for drainage.
28.12 Close the attemperating manual valve reliably after the HP and LP bypass systems are disabled.
28.13 The turbine should be considered as in operating state and continue to monitor the condenser water
level and metal temperature of each part of cylinder and read meters regularly after maintenance or standby
shutdown and before turbine cylinder temperature reaching the ambient temperature and the steam water
system is completely isolated. Close the motor-operated valve of cold section and section no.4 extraction of
this unit, close the condenser water make-up valve to prevent full water of condenser.
28.14 It is not allowed to stop supplying steam to shaft sealing before vacuum reaching zero after shutdown
to strictly prevent cold air getting inside. It is strictly prohibited to break vacuum during rotor idling and
pay attention to analyzing and recording idling time. It is strictly prohibited to supply shaft sealing steam
without turning. Close all the drainage valves to condenser before the condenser vacuum reaching zero and
then open the vacuum breaking valve
28.15 Carefully execute regular work and perform movement tests to main stop valve and each steam
extraction check valve. Report for treatment in time if any problems are found and drop out the
corresponding heaters if necessary.
28.16 The cylinder temperature should not be lower than when the turbine is stopped by sliding. The
cylinder rapid cooling is prohibited to put into operation when the cylinder temperature is above 350℃.
The HP and IP cylinders should be fully drained before the turbine is put to rapid cooling. Strictly execute
rapid cooling rules to control rapid cooling speed during rapid cooling. The main unit lubricating oil system,
turning gear, LP cylinder spray device, circulating water system and condensate system should be kept in
normal operation and stop rapid cooling immediately if any system drops out for faults. Suspend
immediately if there are any abnormities of cylinder temperature difference, differential temperature, rotor
eccentricity, etc. during rapid cooling.
28.17 It is prohibited to maintain the system related to the turbine proper during turning after shutdown to
prevent cold air getting into the cylinder. Approval is necessary and measures should be made in special
occasions.
28.18 The time for steam supply to shaft sealing under static state of low-power turbine should not exceed
20min and the shaft sealing pressure should not exceed 20KPa to prevent shafting bending of low-power
turbine.
126
Part 6 Auxiliary Equipment & Common Service System
Chapter 1 General Operating Rules of Auxiliary Equipment
1.1 Precautions for auxiliary equipment startup and shutdown
1.1.1 The auxiliary equipment after maintenance should go through various interlocking and protection
tests before trial run, and its control loops, automatic devices, thermal interlock protection and mechanical
devices and pneumatic devices can perform trial run only after they are tested as qualified according to
their own rules.
1.1.2 The auxiliary equipment after maintenance must be qualified after trial run before putting into
operation or standby. Maintenance superintendent must be on site during trial run. If the motor has been
maintained, its rotating direction should be correct through test before connecting with auxiliary equipment.
11kV power equipment should perform static open and close test to confirm if it is in good condition or
there should be clear instruction from maintenance personnel.
1.1.3 Local inspection must be performed to auxiliary equipment before startup of trial run. It can be
powered on for startup only after confirming that it is provided with startup conditions.
1.1.4 The insulation of motor, which has been possibly be affected with damp or stopped for more than 1
weed should be tested for qualification.
1.1.5 Special staff should be assigned for monitoring when starting up 11kV equipment and important
415V equipment. The local staff should stand by the emergency button and stop it in time once discovering
any problems during startup.
1.1.6 It must not start up more than two auxiliary equipments above 11kV on one mains at the same time.
1.1.7 If the auxiliary equipment trips during startup, it should not be started up again before cancelling the
faults.
1.1.8 If the auxiliary equipment equipped with forced circulating lubricating oil system or hydraulic pilot
oil system stops for a long time during winter, its oil system should be started up 2h in advanced.
1.1.9 Contact the personnel concerned before startup of all auxiliary equipment.
1.1.10 Start up each auxiliary equipment based on the logical relation and try to avoid starting up with load.
1.1.11 There should be special staff monitoring the current and startup time when auxiliary equipment
startup. If the startup time exceeds the specified time and the current does not recover to normal, stop
operation immediately.
1.1.12 The startup and shutdown of auxiliary equipment is generally operated on the corresponding CRT
display, then pay attention that the control switch should be in “REMOTE” position. The control switch
should be in “plant power monitoring” position if operated in the plant power monitoring system; the
control switch should be in “LOCAL” position if start up and shut down locally.
1.1.13 Keep the load distribution of plant power on each section even and try to avoid concentrating the
load on one section when starting up auxiliary equipment or choosing standby equipment.
1.2 Checks before the startup of equipment

127
1.2.1 Check that the operation tickets related to the startup equipment have been taken back and all
personnel performing local inspections have left the site. Check that the equipment and its surroundings
have no foreign body and are of sufficient lighting.
1.2.2 Check that the equipment appearance is complete, the connection is firm and safety cover of rotating
parts is installed; check that the manhole is tightly closed and the sole screws and coupling bolts do not get
loose and the related instruments of meters of equipment should be put into operation.
1.2.3 Check that the equipment bearings are applied with lubricating oil, and the oil quality, oil level and oil
temperature meets the requirements. Check that the cooling water and seal water of equipment is normally
put into operation and the temperature of auxiliary equipment and motor parts meet the requirements.
1.2.4 Check that the motor wiring is firmly connected, ground connection is sound and measure that the
insulation is qualified.
1.2.5 Perform overall inspection according to the system inspection procedure and fill oil and water to the
related oil, water systems and pump body and exhaust air.
1.2.6 For the auxiliary equipment that can be turned manually, turn all the rotors to confirm that they rotate
flexibly and there is not jam.
1.2.7 Finish inspections before starting up the auxiliary equipment. Supply the power and control power to
the auxiliary equipment and related system devices after confirming that it is of startup conditions.
1.3 Checks after the startup of equipment
1.3.1 The temperature rise of bearing (bearing pad) and reduction gearbox of rotating equipment meet the
specifications. The temperature of general sliding bearing should not exceed 80 ℃ and temperature of
rolling bearing should not exceed 100℃.
1.3.2 The vibration of equipment parts meets the specifications. The bearing vibration is generally
controlled according to the following table:
Allowable value of bearing vibration

Speed (r/min) 3000 1500 1000 750 and below
Allowable peak-to-peak value of vibration (mm) 0.05 0.085 0.10 0.12
1.3.3 The temperature rise of motor and current indication meets the specification.
1.3.4 The oil level of each lubricating oil tank is normal and there is no oil leakage in the system.
1.3.5 Sealing parts of the equipment is well sealed.
1.3.6 There is no abnormal sound in the equipment and motor and there is no friction in the stator and rotor
parts.
1.3.7 The mechanical connection of all adjustment devices should be sound without dropping.
1.3.8 Outlet pressure, inlet pressure and flow rate of equipment are normal.
1.3.9 Confirm that the interlocking and automatic adjustment devices are normally put into operation.
1.3.10 There is not leakage in the equipment.
1.4 Shutdown of auxiliary equipment

128
1.4.1 Operation of auxiliary equipment shutdown should be performed according to the logic relation of
equipment stoppage.
1.4.2 The protection and interlocking relation should be taken into consideration before auxiliary
equipment shutdown to prevent interlocking and tripping of relative equipment and other unsafe situations.
1.4.3 The auxiliary equipment should be normally monitored after shutdown. Isolate immediately if it
rotates reversely.
1.4.4 When maintain and isolate the auxiliary equipment, shut down the auxiliary equipment first and then
isolate it.
1.5 Conditions of emergency shutdown of auxiliary equipment:
1.5.1 There are dangers of equipment damage caused by serious vibration or axial displacement.
1.5.2 The bearing temperature rises abnormally or exceeds the specified value.
1.5.3 The rotor and stator of motor are worn seriously or smoke or catch fire.
1.5.4 The rotor and stator of auxiliary equipment are worn seriously or strike each other.
1.5.5 The auxiliary equipment encounters fire accident or is submerged in water.
1.5.6 In case endangering personal safety.
129
Chapter 2 Start and Stop of Circulating Water System and Open Circulating
Cooling Water System
2．1 Preparation before putting the circulating water system into operation
2.1.1 The installation of circulating water system equipment is finished and unit commissioning is finished
and qualified making it is of commissioning and operating conditions.
2.1.2 The equipment pipeline sanitation of circulating water system is qualified and washing of condenser,
circulating water pump inlet water chamber, cooling tower and circulating pipe is finished making it is of
water filling conditions.
2.1.3 The system has been checked before putting into operation according to system startup inspection
procedure. The circulating water pump, outlet butterfly valve of circulating water pump, relative valves of
circulating water system and motor static interlock test is qualified and is put into operation, and then put
thermal power into operation.
2.1.4 Confirm that the circulating water inlet and outlet valves of condenser are opened, air vent valves of
condenser water chamber are opened and the water drain valves of circulating water system are closed
before the circulating water pump is put into operation.
2.1.5 The commissioning of circulating water pump outlet butterfly valve is qualified, the equipment of
control system is put into normal operation and pilot oil pressure is 14.5~17.5 MPa.
2.1.6 Confirm that the lubricating cooling water has been put into operation and confirm that the flow
switch of lubricating cooling water has been powered on and put into operation before putting the
circulating water pump into operation. The motor winding temperature is normal, bearing oil level is
normal, oil quality is qualified, oil inlet valve of bearing oil chamber is closed and oil drain valve is closed.
The circulating water pump bearing and gland cooling water is put into operation; the cooling water of
circulating water pump motor and bearing cooling water on motor is put into operation.
2.1.7 The outlet butterfly valve is closed and the coupled switch is in the “REMOTE CONTROL” position
before the startup of circulating water pump; the normal water level of cooling tower is above 9m; confirm
that the inlet gate valve of circulating water pump is opened, the inlet screen is put into operation and there
is not foreign matters.
2.1.8 The installation of drainage system and blowdown system in the circulating water pump house is
finished, and the trial run of water discharge pump and blowdown pump is qualified. The installation of
circulating blowdown pump in the steam turbine house is finished and the trial run is qualified.
2.1.9 The startup industrial water pump and startup circulating water make-up pump should be put into
operation at first before putting the circulating water pump into operation; start up the first circulating water
pump after fully making up the circulating water system to normal.
2.1.10 It should confirm that the inlet bypass valve of cooling tower is in the CLOSED position when
making up the circulating water system.
2.1.11 Before making up the cooling tower, please confirm that there are no foreign matters inside the
cooling tower and the pipelines of circulating water system. Report to the shift engineer and inform the
attendant of water source area before making up water. Slowly open the make-up valve when making up
water and pay attention that the make-up float valve of forebay operates normally and prevent pipeline
130
water hammer and other faults that may be caused by large pressure fluctuation within pipeline of water
source area.
2.2 Water filling of CW system
2.2.1 Conditions of CW system water filling
2.2.1.1 After maintenance of cooling tower, the sanitation of cooling tower is qualified and there are no
foreign matters and washing is finished.
2.2.1.2 Recover the system to normal according to the startup inspection procedure before fill water into
CW system and the position of each valve is normal.
2.2.1.3 Power on the relative motor-operated valve of cooling tower and circulating water system and check
that the nameplate is in good condition.
2.2.1.4 Put in the circulating water pump inlet screen.
2.2.1.5 The inlet valve of circulating water drainage pump is closed.
2.2.1.6 Check that the make-up water float valve of forebay is in good condition.
2.2.2 Water filling of forebay
2.2.2.1 Contact the shift engineer to fill water into forebay.
2.2.2.2 Confirm that the water discharge valve of cooling tower is closed.
2.2.2.3 Check that the inlet valve of circulating water drainage pump is closed.
2.2.2.4 Confirm that the inlet bypass motor-operated valve of cooling tower is closed.
2.2.2.5 Confirm that the outlet butterfly valve of circulating water pump A is closed.
2.2.2.6 Confirm that the outlet butterfly valve of circulating water pump B is closed.
2.2.2.7 Start up the CW system make-up pump to make up water to the forebay, confirm the make-up water
float valve operates normally and control the speed of make-up water.
2.2.2.8 Make up forebay to be above 9m; the circulating water system putting into operation for the first
time or the one that is not filled with water should be made up to the high level in the cooling tower pool of
10m.
2.2.2.9 Report to the shift engineer after make-up of forebay.
2.2.3 Water discharge of cooling tower
2.2.3.1 Confirm that the circulating water system has stopped, all auxiliary equipment do not need cooling
water and the cooling tower is provided with water discharging conditions.
2.2.3.2 Check and close the make-up motor-operated valve.
2.2.3.3 Open the water discharge valve of cooling tower and control the water discharge speed.
2.2.3.4 Report to the shift engineering after water discharging of cooling tower.
2.3 Start and stop of circulating water system
2.3.1 Start of circulating water system

131
The circulating water pump can be started up only after the system is filled with water and air is vented
before putting the circulating water system into operation.
2.3.1.1 Confirm that the interlock protection test of circulating water system is qualified and started and
thermal power is put into operation.
2.3.1.2 Perform overall inspection to the circulating water system and pump and recover the system:
2.3.1.2.1 Open the cooling water master valve from CW system make-up water to circulating pump and
close the cooling water master valve from circulating water pump to circulating water pump;
2.3.1.2.2 Put the circulating water pump bearing and gland packing cooling water into operation;
2.3.1.2.3 Put the cooling water of circulating water pump motor and bearing cooling water of motor into
operation;
2.3.1.2.4 The adjustment of fast opening and closing time and switching angle of circulating water pump
outlet butterfly valve is finished and qualified. Check and confirm that the oil level of pilot oil station of
circulating water pump outlet butterfly valve is normal, the indication of oil level is between +30~+40, oil
temperature is normal and oil quality is good, nitrogen pre-charge pressure of accumulator is above 5MPa,
the control power supply and utility power supply are powered on and the inlet and outlet oil valve of pilot
oil are opened.
2.3.2.5 Start up the oil station motor of circulating water pump outlet butterfly valve, when the pilot oil
pressure reaches 10MPa, the motor will start up automatically and when the pressure reaches 15 MPa, the
motor will stop automatically for standby.
2.3.2.6 The outlet butterfly valve of circulating water pump is closed and the coupled switch is in the
“REMOTE” position;
2.3.2.7 The water level of suction well at the circulating pump inlet is normal; the trial run of rotating type
screen at the circulating pump inlet is well and can be put into operation at any time;
2.3.2.8 Open the lubricating oil cooling water valve of circulating water pump;
2.3.2.9 Open the circulating water inlet valve of condenser;
2.3.2.10 Open the circulating water outlet valve of condenser;
2.3.2.11 Open the air vent valve of condenser water chamber;
2.3.2.12 Close all the water discharge valves of circulating water system.
2.3.3 Startup of circulating water pump
2.3.3.1 Check that the cooling water and lubricating water of circulating water pump is normally put into
operation; the pump and each bearing oil level is normal, oil quality is good and each oil relieve valve is
tightly closed.
2.3.3.2 Check that the oil level and oil pressure of circulating pump butterfly valve oil station is normal.
2.3.3.3 Start up the circulating water pump and pay attention to check that the interlocking startup of its
outlet hydraulic butterfly valve is normal.
2.3.3.4 Check that the current, outlet pressure, vibration and other parts of circulating water pump is
normal.
132
2.3.3.5 Open the master valve from circulating water pump to circulating pump cooling water and close the
valve from CW system make-up water to circulating pump cooling water according to cooling water
pressure.
2.3.3.6 Check that each part of circulating water pump system is normal after the motor-operated valve
from CW system make-up water to circulating pump cooling water is closed.
2.4 Stop of circulating water pump
2.4.1 First open the motor-operated valve from CW system make-up water to circulating pump cooling
water before stopping the last circulating water pump.
2.4.2 Check that the outlet butterfly valve is in the “REMOTE” position.
2.4.3 Stop the circulating water pump and pay attention to check that the outlet hydraulic butterfly valve
should be closed by interlocking and the pump does not rotate reversely, otherwise, release pressure and
close the valve manually.
2.4 Change-over of circulating water pump
2.4.1 Perform overall inspection that the circulating water system is normal, standby pump is in good
condition making it is of startup conditions.
2.4.2 Switch the interlocking switch of standby pump to RELEASE position.
2.4.3 Confirm that the outlet butterfly valve of standby circulating pump is closed.
2.4.4 Check that the oil level and oil pressure of oil station of standby circulating pump butterfly valve is
normal.
2.4.5 Start up the standby circulating pump and fully open the outlet butterfly valve.
2.4.6 Check that the circulating pump outlet pressure, sound, vibration and motor current is normal.
2.4.7 Stop the original operating circulating pump and confirm that the outlet butterfly valve is closed by
interlocking after overall checking that it is normal.
2.4.8 Switch the interlocking switch of the original operating circulating pump to the ON position.
2.5 Maintenance of circulating water system
2.5.1 It will give an alarm when the winding temperature of circulating pump motor is higher than 120℃,
locally check if the cooling fan operates normally; when the winding temperature is up to 130℃, manually
shut down the pump for emergency and start up the standby pump.
2.5.2 It will give an alarm when the guide shoe temperature of circulating pump motor or thrust pad
temperature of circulating pump is up to 80℃, and when the temperature is up to 90℃, manually shut
down the pump for emergency and start up the standby pump.
2.5.3 When the circulating water concentration ration and ΔB exceed the specifications, strengthen
blowdown and water make-up. Frequently check that water level of suction well. Take strict precautions
against blocking the rotating screen by foreign matters. Clean the rotating screen regularly by rotating
according to specifications.
2.5.4 Keep the normal operating water level of forebay above 9m and should not overflow.
133
2.6 Start and stop of condenser rubber ball washing system
2.6.1 Recover the system based on the system startup checking procedure and check that the position of
each valve in the system is correct.
2.6.2 Power on the control power supply of washing equipment and utility power supply of rubber ball
recirculating pump.
2.6.3 Check that the ball screen button on the control panel is in the “ON” position, and then switch to
“OFF” to confirm that the switches on two sides are flexible.
2.6.4 Check that the rubber ball circulating pump inlet valve, outlet valve and ball room outlet valve are
closed. Open the water discharge valve at the bottom of ball room, open the top cover of ball room and put
1000 qualified rubber balls into operation. Close and tighten that top cover, close the water discharge valve
at the bottom and open the top air vent valve.
2.6.5 Slightly open the rubber ball circulating pump outlet valve and ball room outlet valve, fill the ball
room full with water and close the air vent valve after air is vented. Open the inlet valve of rubber ball
circulating pump, start up the rubber ball circulating pump and Fully open the outlet valve.
2.6.6 Put the system into operation. If there’s ball getting back as viewed from the inspection window on
the top cover of ball room, it will be considered as normal. Time for primary cleaning is 60min.
2.6.7 Switch the outlet valve of ball room to “CLOSE” position when getting back the rubber ball in 60min.
Close the outlet valve, stop the rubber ball circulating pump and close the inlet valve of rubber ball
circulating pump.
2.6.8 Open the water discharge valve at the bottom of ball room and open the air vent valve if sort and
count is required. Open the top cover of ball room to count the balls after water is vented. If the recovery
rate of ball is lower than 90%, find out the balls according to the above mentioned procedures.
2.7 Start and stop of open circulating cooling water system
2.7.1 Start of open circulating cooling water system
2.7.1.1 Checks before the startup of open circulating cooling water pump
2.7.1.1.1 Confirm that the system and pump interlocking test is qualified;
2.7.1.1.2 The operation of circulating water system and compressed air system is normal;
2.7.1.1.3 Open the front and rear intercept valves of open pump inlet screen, close the bypass valve and
close the blowdown valve after blowdown through the screen;
2.7.1.1.4 Close all the water discharge valves in the system, open the inlet valve of open pump and check
that if outlet pressure indications are correct;
2.7.1.1.5 Open the air vent valves of open pump body and system and close them after water coming in;
2.7.1.1.6 Open the cooling water inlet and outlet valves, governing valves, front and rear intercepts valves
and bypass valves of closed circulating cooling water heat exchanger (A or B) to provide open type water
passage.
2.7.1.2 Start up open pump A or B, check that the motor current, vibration, sound, pressure and bearing
temperature is normal.
134
2.7.1.3 Adjust the cooling water valve to make the pressure of open circulating cooling water header
normal.
2.7.1.4 Fully open the outlet valve of standby open pump and put into standby.
2.7.2 Stop of open circulating cooling water system
2.7.2.1 Confirm that all users of open water system are provided with the conditions of water supply
cut-off.
2.7.2.2 Release “STANDBY” of standby pump.
2.7.2.3 Shut down the pump and close the outlet valve of open pump.
2.7.3 Change-over of open pump
2.7.3.1 Check that the standby of standby open pump is in good condition making it is of startup
conditions.
2.7.3.2 Check and confirm that the inlet valve of standby open pump is opened.
2.7.3.3 Release “STANDBY” of standby open pump.
2.7.3.4 Start up the standby open pump and check that its current, vibration, sound and outlet pressure is
normal and CRT state indication is correct.
2.7.3.5 Shut down the original operating open pump and check that CRT indication is correct and the pump
does not rotate reversely.
2.7.3.6 Check that the header of open water system has not low pressure signal and put the original
operating pump to “STANDBY” as required.
135
Chapter 3 Start and Stop of Closed Circulating Cooling Water System
3.1 Start of closed circulating cooling water system
3.1.1 Checks before startup
3.1.1.1 Open the water outlet valve at the bottom of closed water tank;
3.1.1.2 Put the water level gauge of closed circulating cooling water tank into operation;
3.1.1.3 Close all the water discharge valve in the system, open the air vent valve and close them when
water coming in;
3.1.1.4 Open the front and rear intercept valves of the automatic water level governing valve of closed
circulating cooling water;
3.1.1.5 Start up the condensate transfer pump to make up the closed circulating cooling water tank to
normal water level;
3.1.1.6 Open the inlet and outlet valves of closed circulating cooling water pump;
3.1.1.7 Open the inlet and outlet valves of closed circulating cooling water cooler, fill water to pump body
and system and exhaust air, close the air vent valve after air exhausting;
3.1.1.8 Provide passage of closed circulating cooling water;
3.1.1.9 Check that the bearing oil level of closed pump is normal and oil quality is good.
3.1.2 Confirm that the pump body and system water filling and air exhausting is finished and close the
pump outlet valve.
3.1.3 Start up the closed circulating cooling water pump, pay attention that the pump outlet valve is opened
by interlocking and is fully opened and check that the water level of closed water tank is normal, otherwise,
open the bypass valve for making up water and check that the motor current, pump vibration, sound , outlet
pressure and bearing temperature is normal.
3.1.4 Open the outlet valve of standby pump and put to “STANDBY” after water filling and air exhausting
of standby closed pump.
3.2 Stop of closed water system
3.2.1 Confirm that the users of closed water system are provided with the conditions of water supply
cut-off.
3.2.2 Release “STANDBY” of standby pump.
3.2.3 Close the outlet valve of operating pump.
3.2.4 Stop the operation of closed circulating cooling water pump.
3.2.5 Stop making up water to closed circulating cooling water tank.
3.2.6 Close the inlet and outlet valves of closed water system cooler and stop the closed water system
cooler.
136
3.3 Change-over of closed circulating cooling water pump
3.3.1 Check that the standby of standby pump is in good condition making it of startup conditions.
3.3.2 Check and confirm that the water level of closed water tank is above 2/3.
3.3.3 Check and confirm that the inlet valve of standby pump is opened.
3.3.4 Close the outlet valve of standby pump.
3.3.5 Release “STANDBY” of standby pump.
3.3.6 Start up the standby pump to check that its current, vibration, sound and outlet pressure is normal and
CRT state indication is correct.
3.3.7 Check that the rear outlet valve of standby pump should be opened by interlocking, otherwise, open it
manually.
3.3.8 Stop the originally operating pump and check that CRT state indication is correct and pay attention
that the pressure of closed water system header is normal.
3.3.9 Open the outlet valve of original operating pump.
3.3.10 Check that there is not low pressure signal of closed water system header and put the originally
operating pump to “STANDBY” as required.
137
Chapter 4 Start and Stop of Condensate System
4.1 Check that the positions of condensate system valve switches are correct according to the system
requirements.
4.2 Confirm that the closed circulating cooling water system operates normally.
4.3 Contact the chemical staff to make up water to the condensate storage tank to normal water level.
4.4 Start up the condensate transfer pump.
4.4.1 Confirm that the pump inlet valve and recirculating valve are opened and the pump outlet valve is
closed.
4.4.2 Open the air vent valve of condensate pump body and close it after water coming in.
4.4.3 Start up the condensate transfer pump to check that the pump and motor sound, vibration, bearing
temperature, motor current and outlet pressure, etc. is normal and slightly open the outlet valve.
4.5 Water filling of condensate system and water make-up of condenser

4.5.1 Gradually increase the opening of condensate transfer pump outlet valve and close the recirculating
valve.
4.5.2 Open the make-up regulating valve and before、after valve of condenser to make up water to
condenser, use the regulating valve supply water to the condenser.
4.5.3 Put to water level automatic control when the water level of condenser is in the normal level. Slightly
open the recirculating valve of condensate transfer pump before stopping water make-up.
4.5.4 Open the water injection valve from condensate transfer pump to condensate system and open each
air vent valve of condensate system for water filling and air exhausting. Close all the air vent valves after
water coming in.
4.6 Startup of condensate pump
4.6.1 Confirm that the condenser water level is normal and the interlocking protection tests of condensate
pump are qualified.
4.6.2 Confirm that water filling of condensate system is finished.
4.6.3 Confirm that the outlet pressure of condensate transfer pump is normal.
4.6.4 Open the sealing water pump from condensate transfer pump outlet to condensate pump and put the
sealing water of condensate pump into operation.
4.6.5 Open the inlet valve of condensate pump and fill water to condensate pump.
4.6.6 Power on the utility power supply of condensate pump.
4.6.7 Open the pump air extraction valve and outlet individual bypass valve. Confirm that the recirculating
regulating valve、before and after motor-operated valve and motor-operated bypass valve of condensate
pump is opened.
4.6.8 Start up the condensate pump, pay attention that the current, vibration, sound and pressure indication,
etc. are normal.
4.6.9 Open the sealing water pump from condensate pump outlet to pump and close the sealing water valve
from condensate transfer pump to condensate pump.
4.6.10 Open the inlet and outlet valves of another condensate pump, open the air extraction valve of pump
and put them to standby.
138
Chapter 5 Start and Stop of Deaerator
5.1 Preparation before startup of deaerator
5.1.1 Confirm that the compressed air system operates normally and the instrument air pressure is normal.
5.1.2 Confirm that the auxiliary steam system operates normally and the auxiliary steam pressure and
temperature meet the requirements.
5.1.3 Confirm that the condensate system operates normally and water quality is qualified.
5.1.4 The water level and pressure interlocking protection tests of deaerator are qualified. Put the deaerator
water level, pressure and other measurement and protection devices into operation.
5.1.5 Confirm that the following valves are closed:
5.1.5. The primary and secondary continuous air vent valves from 1 #1, 2 and 3 HP heater to deaerator;
5.1.5.2 The relative isolating valves of deaerator nitrogen charging protection;
5.1.5.3 The bypass valves of deaerator emergency water discharge valve and overflow valve;
5.1.5.4 The isolating valve from # 3 HP heater to deaerator;
5.1.5.5 Four stage steam extraction motor-operated isolating valve and check valve;
5.1.5.6 The pressure governing valves and isolating valves from auxiliary steam to deaerator.
5.1.6 Open the front and rear intercept valves of deaerator overflow valve and confirm that the overflow
valve is closed.
5.2 Startup of deaerator
5.2.1 Fill water to deaerator to normal water level.
5.2.2 Open the front and rear isolating valves from auxiliary steam to deaerator governing valve, adjust the
pressure governing valves from auxiliary steam to deaerator to make the temperature rise rate of deaerator
not larger than 1.5℃/min. when the water level of deaerator reaches 100℃, put it to AUTO, and check and
confirm that the deaerator pressure is 0.05MPa, heat and deoxidize the condensate.
5.2.3 Put the deaerator water level automatic control into operation as required when the feed water pump
is started up, the deaerator water level is normal and the flow is built.
5.2.6 When the pressure of extraction section no.4 is larger than 0.4MPa, the deaerator will reverse from
auxiliary steam to 4th section steam extraction and change from constant pressure operation to sliding
pressure operation.
5.2.7 During sliding pressure, when the steam quality is qualified, open the isolating valve from continuous
discharge to deaerator and exhaust steam continuously to deaerator.
5.3 Normal operation maintenance of deaerator
5.3.1 Pay attention to monitor that the deaerator pressure is <1.092MPa and the temperature is ≯356.9℃
during normal operation of deaerator corresponding to the unit operating conditions with sliding pressure
range of 0.3~1.0MPa MPa.
139
5.3.2 The indicated values of local water level gauge of deaerator and indicated values on CRT should be
verified regularly to ensure conformity.
5.3.3 The water level control of deaerator should be put to AUTO to ensure that the deaerator operate in
normal water level.
5.3.4 When the auxiliary steam is used as standby steam source during normal operation of deaerator, the
isolating valve from auxiliary steam to deaerator pressure governing valve should be fully opened, the front
drain valve should be slightly opened and pressure governing valve should be put to AUTO.
5.3.5 The dissolved oxygen during normal operation of deaerator should meet the requirements (≤7PPb).
5.3.6 Water outlet temperature of deaerator is ≤181.5℃.
5.4 Stop of deaerator
5.4.1 When the unit load decreases to 150MW, the deaerator will reverse from extraction section no. 4 to
standby steam and exhaust secondary steam continuously to aerosphere.
5.4.2 Pay attention that the water level automatic regulation is normal along with the decrease of unit load,
otherwise, switch to manual.
5.4.3 When the unit stops operation, decide if water filling to deaerator should be stopped according to
physical circumstances.
5.4.4 Close the isolating valve from boil continuous blowdown flash tank to deaerator.
5.4.5 If the deaerator will be shut down for more than 1 week, charge nitrogen for protection, cut off all
steam source, water source, drain out the water in the water tank and close the water discharge valve. Open
the nitrogen charging master valve and isolating valve after fully isolated and charge nitrogen to deaerator
and keep certain pressure.
140
Chapter 6 Start and Stop of Motor-operated Feed Water Pump
6.1 Preparation before startup of motor-operated feed water pump
6.1.1 Check that the connection of all instrument and pipeline is in good condition and electric circuit and
motor insulation is qualified.
6.1.2 All instruments and auxiliary lubricating oil pumps are powered on.
6.1.3 The interlocking protection test of electric pump is qualified and put each interlocking protection and
relative instruments and meters into operation.
6.1.4 Check that the oil level of electric pump oil tank is normal, the oil level of oil tank reaches to high oil
level when the oil system is not charged with oil and the oil system is provided with startup conditions.
6.1.5 Startup the auxiliary lubricating oil pump and check that the lubricating oil pressure is above
0.15MPa, the screen differential pressure is <0.05MPa and oil return of each bearing is normal.
6.1.6 For the first time startup after installation or overhaul, disconnect coupling and check that the electric
pump has no jam and the motor rotate correctly.
6.1.7 Check that the water level of deaerator water tank is normal, water quality is qualified and the water
temperature meets the requirements of boiler water filling.
6.1.8 Adjust the outlet valves of electric operating and lubricating oil cooler cooling water and keep the oil
temperature around 40℃.
6.1.9 Open the air vent valves of booster pump and duct coupling, slightly open the inlet valve and fill
water to electric pump and close each water discharge valve and air vent valve after air is exhausted.
6.1.10 Open the recirculating valve of electric pump and the front and rear intercept valves of recirculating
valve.
6.1.11 Close the outlet motor-operated valve of electric pump.
6.1.12 Open the cooling water inlet and outlet valves of electric pump mechanical sealing cooler.
6.1.13 Open the inlet and outlet valves of electric pump mechanical sealing water magnetic filter and close
the bypass valve.
6.1.14 Put the mechanical sealing water of electric pump and booster pump
6.1.15 Check that the hydraulic coupling meets the startup conditions, scoop tube opening is 0%, oil level
of hydraulic coupling oil tank is normal and the oil level of auxiliary oil pump before startup reaches
+50mm.
6.1.16 Check that the insulation of motor-operated feed water pump motor is qualified, the motor bearing is
filled up with oil, motor cooling water is supplied, electric heating of motor drops out and motor-operated
feed water pump motor is powered on.
6.1.17 Confirm and close the outlet valve of motor-operated feed water pump and the motor-operated valve
of outlet bypass valve.
6.1.18 Close the intermediate bleed-off motor-operated valve of electric pump.
6.2 Startup of motor-operated feed water pump

141
6.2.1 Conditions for startup of motor-operated feed water pump
6.2.1.1 The booster pump inlet valve is opened.
6.2.1.2 The minimum flow valve is fully opened.
6.2.1.3 The outlet valve of motor-operated feed water pump is closed.
6.2.1.4 The intermediate motor-operated valve of motor-operated feed water pump is closed.
6.2.1.5 The motor-operated feed water pump does not rotate reversely.
6.2.1.6The normal lubricating oil pressure is ≥0.15MPa.
6.2.1.7 The inlet temperature of motor-operated feed water pump operating oil cooler is <110℃ and the
outlet temperature is <75℃.
6.2.1.8 The inlet temperature of motor-operated feed water pump lubricating oil cooler is <65℃ and outlet
temperature is <55℃.
6.2.1.9 The support and thrust bearing temperature of motor-operated feed water pump and hydraulic
coupling is lower than the alarm temperature.
6.2.1.10 The coil temperature of motor-operated feed water pump motor is lower than alarm temperature.
6.2.1.11 The bearing temperature of motor-operated feed water pump booster pump is lower than the alarm
temperature.
6.2.1.12 The water level of deaerator water tank is lower than low water level value I1920mm.
6.2.2 Conditions for motor-operated feed water pump unit giving an alarm
6.2.2.1 Differential pressure of booster pump inlet screen is >0.05MPa.
6.2.2.2 When the bearing temperature of booster pump reaches 90℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.3 When the thrust bearing temperature of booster pump reaches 80℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.4 When the radial bearing temperature of feed water is up to 90℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.5 When the thrust bearing temperature of coupling is up to 90℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.6 When the radial bearing temperature of coupling is up to 90℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.7 When the motor bearing temperature is up to 80℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.8 When the motor winding temperature is up to 125℃, value I will give an alarm.
6.2.2.9 Give an alarm when the operating oil cooler inlet temperature is up to 110℃.
6.2.2.10 Give an alarm when the operating oil cooer outlet temperature is up to 75℃.
6.2.2.11 Give an alarm when the inlet temperature of lubricating oil cooler is up to 65℃.
6.2.2.12 Give an alarm when the outlet temperature of lubricating oil cooler is up to 55℃.
6.2.2.13 Give an alarm and start up the motor-operated auxiliary oil pump when lubricating oil pressure
lowers to 0.15 MPa.
6.2.2.14 Stop the motor-operated auxiliary oil pump when the lubricating oil pressure is up to 0.22 MPa.
6.2.2.15 Give an alarm when the differential pressure of lubricating oil filter is up to 0.06 MPa.
142
6.2.2.16Give an alarm when the inlet pressure o feed water pump lowers to 1.2MPa.
6.2.2.17 When the water pump rotates reversely, give an alarm and close water outlet valve of feed water
pump, close the intermediate bleed-off motor-operated valve of electric pump.
6.2.3 Startup of motor-operated feed water pump
6.2.3.1 Confirm that the auxiliary oil pump is started up and operates normally.
6.2.3.2 Confirm that the normal lubricating oil pressure is >0.15MPa.
6.2.3.3 Confirm that the normal lubricating oil temperature is >15℃.
6.2.3.4 Confirm that the hydraulic coupling scoop tube is in the lowest speed position and the limit switch
of actuator is in the MANUAL position..
6.2.3.5 Confirm that the minimum flow valve of electric pump is opened and the startup conditions are
fulfilled.
6.2.3.6 Start up the electric pump, individual bypass valve of electric pump outlet valve interlock open，if
the current is not recovered to normal 10s after the startup of electric pump, shut down the pump
immediately.
6.2.3.7 Fully check that the oil inlet and return oil temperature, vibration, sound and screen differential
pressure of each bearing is normal.
6.2.3.8 Adjust motor-operated feed water pump scoop tube, when the speed of motor-operated feed water
pump is larger than 2900r/min, put the scoop tube to AUTO.
6.2.3.9 Start up the outlet valve of feed water pump, individual bypass valve of electric pump outlet valve
interlock close， govern the speed of motor-operated feed water pump according to boiler water level
requirements and fill water to boiler.
6.2.3.10 Open the intermediate bleed-off valve as required.
6.2.3.11 After the pump operates normally, pay attention to the sealing water temperature changes of
electric pump, put cooling water of oil cooer to AUTO to make the temperature of electric pump lubricating
oil temperature at 40~45℃ and operating oil temperature at 50℃.
6.3 Stop of motor-operated feed water pump
6.3.1 Check and confirm that the minimum flow valve of electric pump is in “AUTO” position.
6.3.2 Adjust the electric pump scoop tube to the minimum speed position according to boiler requirements
according to the boiler requirements and check that the electric pump and auxiliary oil pump will start up
automatically or start up manually to keep lubricating oil pressure normal when the lubricating oil pressure
lowers to 0.15 MPa.
6.3.3 Close the outlet motor-operated valve of electric pump and check the operating condition of minimum
flow valve..
6.3.4 Close the intermediate bleed-off motor-operated valve of electric pump.
6.3.5 Shut down electric pump.
6.3.6 Confirm that the lubricating oil pump operates continuously and adjust cooling water to keep the oil
temperature at around 40℃.
143
6.4 Conditions of electric pump standby
6.4.1 All AC power supply of electric pump should be powered on.
6.4.2 The oil level of electric pump oil tank is normal and oil quality is qualified..
6.4.3 Put the electric pump to interlock standby.
6.4.4 The electric pump and auxiliary lubricating oil pump operate continuously, oil pressure is >0.15MPa,
oil temperature is at 35~45℃ and oil return of each bearing is normal.
6.4.5 The inlet valves of electric pump and booster pump are fully opened.
6.4.6 The outlet motor-operated valve of electric pump is fully opened.
6.4.7 The front and rear isolating valves of electric pump minimum flow valve are fully opened, the
minimum flow valve is put to ”AUTO” and is in fully open state.
6.4.8 Confirm the switches of motor-operated feed water pump intermediate bleed-off motor-operated
valve as required.
6.4.9 Put all the interlock protection of electric pump into operation and all instruments, transmitter and
other devices are in the operating condition.
6.5 Tipping conditions of motor-operated feed water pump
6.5.1 The operating oil cooler inlet oil temperature of motor-operated feed water pump is 130℃.
6.5.2 The operating oil cooler outlet oil temperature of motor-operated feed water pump is 85℃.
6.5.3 The inlet oil temperature of motor-operated feed water pump lubricating oil cooler is 70℃.
6.5.4 The outlet oil temperature of motor-operated feed water pump lubricating oil cooer is 60℃.
6.5.5 The minimum flow valve is not open 10s after the operation of motor-operated feed water pump.
6.5.6 Delay 5s when the inlet pressure of motor-operated feed water pump lowers to 1MPa.
6.5.7 The lubricating oil pressure of motor-operated feed water pump lowers to 0.08MPa.
6.5.8 The low water level valve II of deaerator is 100mm.
6.5.9 The bearing temperature of motor-operated feed water pump and booster pump increase to 100℃.
6.5.10 The thrust and radial bearing temperature of motor-operated feed water pump coupling increases to
95℃.
6.5.11 The bearing temperature of motor-operated feed water pump motor increases to 95℃.
144
Chapter 7 Start and Stop of Steam Feed Pump Unit
7.1 Preparation for checks of pump unit startup
7.1.1 Check that all the maintenance works are finished and the operating tickets are finished. The checks
of feed water system and steam feed water pump unit system are finished according to startup check
procedures.
7.1.2 Check and confirm that the thermodynamic power supply is in normal operation and all instruments
are put into operation.
7.1.3 Confirm that all oil pumps, fan and electric heating connection of steam feed water pump are sound.
7.1.4 Confirm that the insulation of AC lubricating oil pump and exhaust gas fan motor is sound, the test is
finished and is normal and the motor is powered on; confirm that all motor-operated valves of steam feed
water pump are powered on.
7.1.5 Start up the exhaust gas fan of low-power turbine oil tank and adjust oil tank vacuum to normal.
7.1.6 Check that the oil level of oil tank is normal and is > 650mm; keep high oil level and check that the
oil quality is good if the oil system of steam feed water pump unit is not filled with oil.
7.1.7 Start up the lubricating oil pump, check that the lubricating oil pressure is >0.15 MPa and confirm
that oil return of each bearing is normal and interlock test of oil pump is qualified.
7.1.8 The oil system operates normally, put the other AC lubricating oil pump to standby and put AC
emergency oil pump to standby.
7.1.9 The static test of steam feed water pump unit is finished and is qualified and each interlock protection
test is finished and is qualified.
7.1.10 If the oil temperature is too low, put electric heater into operation and adjust oil temperature to
around 38℃.
7.1.11 Check that the cooling water of lubricating oil cooer is normal, the mechanical sealing water of
booster pump is normal and the sealing water and cooling water of feed water pump parts operate normally.
7.1.12 Check that the water level of deaerator water tank is normal.
7.1.13 Start up after installation or overhaul, the coupling of low-power turbine and feed water pump
should be uncoupled if overspeed test is made and couple the coupling after test.
7.1.14 Open the air vent valves on booster pump shell, steam feed water pump shell and connecting pipe.
7.1.15 Slightly open the inlet motor-operated valve of booster pump, fill water to and exhaust air from the
booster pump and main feed water pump shell, close each air vent valve after water coming in.
7.1.16 Power on the motor after the insulation of booster pump motor is qualified and confirm each
interlock protection test of motor is qualified.
7.1.17 When putting booster pump into operation after overhaul, please test the motor with no-load and
confirm that the rotating direction is correct.
7.1.18 Before the high-power engine condenser vacuum is built up, move the gas exhaust butterfly valve of
145
low-power turbine to confirm that it operates flexibly and close it tightly after movement.
7.1.19 Check that the condenser vacuum is normal, the shaft seal heater water side is in operation, the
auxiliary steam system is in operation and the parameters are normal.
7.1.20 The MEH system of steam feed water pump is normal.
7.1.21 The static test of governing system is qualified.
7.1.22 Check and put steam feed water pump turning into operation.
7.2 Startup conditions of steam feed water pump unit
7.2.1 Startup conditions of steam feed water pump and booster pump
7.2.1.1 The inlet valve of booster pump is fully opened.
7.2.1.2 The minimum flow valve is fully open.
7.2.1.3 The water level of deaerator water tank is normal.
7.2.1.4 The lubricating oil pressure is ≥0.15MPa.
7.2.1.5 The radial bearing temperature of booster pump motor is <90℃.
7.2.1.6 The thrust bearing temperature of booster pump is <90℃.
7.2.1.7 The radial bearing temperature of booster pump is<90℃.
7.2.1.8 The booster pump motor has not protection tripping orders.
7.2.2 Startup conditions of steam feed water pump
7.2.2.1 The lubricating oil pressure is ≥0.15MPa.
7.2.2.2 The minimum flow valve is fully opened.
7.2.2.3 The inlet pressure of feed water pump is >1.2MPa.
7.2.2.4 The thrust bearing temperature of steam feed water pump is<90℃.
7.2.2.5 The radial bearing temperature of steam feed water pump is <90℃.
7.3 Conditions of not allowing the startup of steam feed water pump
7.3.1 The operation of feed water turbine governing system is out of order.
7.3.2 There is obvious sound of friction in the rotating parts of pump unit.
7.3.3 There is jam in any one of the HP and LP automatic main stop valve and governing steam valve and
cannot be tightly closed.
7.3.4 The main thermodynamic protection devices are out of order.
7.3.5 Main thermal meters are out of order.
7.3.6 Instruments or thermal protection power supply are lost.
7.3.7 The interlock protection of steam pump and feed water pump steam turbine is out of order.
7.3.8 The oil quality of lubrication oil and fire-resistant oil is not qualified or oil level of oil tank is below
146
the minimum alarm oil level 650 mm.
7.3.9 Faults of main oil pump, emergency oil pump, lubricating oil system and fire-resistant oil system and
faults of turning gear.
7.3.10 The upper and lower cylinder differential cylinder of feed water pump steam turbine is larger than
the specified valve.
7.3.11 the upper and lower differential temperature of feed water pump is larger than 30℃.
7.3.11 Faults of MEH control system.
7.4 Conditions of steam feed water pump unit tripping
7.4.1 Stop turning (controlled by low-power steam turbine) when the lubricating oil pressure is <0.08MPa
and oil pressure is up to 0.04 MPa.
7.4.2 The inlet pressure feed water pump is <1MPa.
7.4.3 Minimum flow <290t/h and Recycling valve <60%, delay 8s, jump pump.
7.4.4 The radial bearing temperature of feed water pump is >115℃.
7.4.5 The thrust bearing temperature of feed water pump is >115℃.
7.4.6 The speed of low-power turbine reaches 5468~5530r/min.
7.4.7 The axial displacement ≥+ 0.8 mm.
74.8 Bearing vibration reaches 0.125mm.
7.4.9 Steam exhaust pressure of low-power turbine reaches 70KPa.
7.4.10 Steam exhaust temperature of low-power turbine reaches 150℃.
7.4.11 The pressure of fire-resistant oil is ≤6MPa.
7.5 Alarm conditions of steam feed water pump unit
7.5.1 The differential pressure of booster pump inlet screen is >0.05MPa.
7.5.2 The bearing temperature of booster pump is >90℃.
7.5.3 The radial bearing temperature of motor is >85℃.
7.5.4 When the inlet pressure of feed water pump is <1MPa, when the steam turbine is in hot reserve state,
the signal will not be sent out.
7.5.5 The differential pressure of feed water pump inlet screen is >0.05MPa.
7.5.6 The radial bearing temperature of feed water pump is >90℃.
7.5.7 The thrust bearing temperature of feed water pump is >90℃.
7.5.8 The upper and lower part temperature and differential temperature of upper and lower parts of feed
water pump barrel should not exceed 30℃.
7.5.9 The bearing vibration of feed water pump is >0.08mm.
7.5.10 The feed water pump rotates reversely.

147
7.5.11 The differential pressure of sealing water screen is >0.06MPa.
7.6 Startup of steam feed water pump unit
7.6.1 Startup of booster pump
7.6.1.1 Check that the booster pump motor is powered on and the motor meets the startup conditions.
7.6.1.2 Check that the pump unit turning is put into operation for more than 1h.
7.6.1.3 Check that the mechanical sealing cooling water of booster pump bearing is put into operation.
7.6.1.4 Check that the inlet valve of booster pump is in the OPEN position.
7.6.1.5 Check and open the minimum flow valve of pump unit.
7.6.1.6 Check and close the outlet valve of steam pump, close the intermediate bleed-off motor-operated
valve of pump unit.
7.6.1.7 Start up booster pump.
7.6.1.8 Check that the booster pump operates normally.
7.6.2 Prepare for operation before impulse starting of low-power turbine.
7.6.2.1 Confirm that the main unit vacuum is built up.
7.6.2.2 Supply power to MEH, and the system should be in normal working state.
7.6.2.3 Check that the pre-charge nitrogen to low-power turbine fire-resistant oil actuator to specified value.
7.6.2.4 Check that the lubricating oil system of low-power turbine operates normally.
7.6.2.5 The fire-resistant oil system is put into operation and confirm that this system operates normally.
7.6.2.6 Check that the low-power turbine turning is put into operation and has been operated continuously
for not less than 1h and is still in turning stage.
7.6.2.7 All tests of low-power turbine lubricating oil system, fire-resistant oil system, MEH system, TSI
system and turning gear are finished and qualified..
7.6.2.8 Check and open the shaft seal steam supply header manual valve .
7.6.2.9 Slightly open the shaft seal steam inlet valve, check that the drainage of shaft seal steam supply
pipeline is smooth and the low-power turbine shaft seal supply steam to warm the pipeline.
7.6.2.10 Slowly adjust the shaft seal steam supply manual valve, keep the shaft seal header pressure at
around 0.127MPa and temperature at 150℃-180℃.
7.6.2.11 Check and confirm that the following drain valves of low-power turbine:
7.6.2.11.1 Front drain valve of HP main steam stop valve.
7.6.2.11.2 Front drain valve of LP main steam stop valve.
7.6.2.11.3 Rear drain valve of LP main steam stop valve.
7.6.2.11.4 LP governing drain valve.
7.6.2.11.5 cylinder drain valve.

148
7.6.2.11.6 All drain valves of low-power turbine should be opened when the unit starts up and keep opening
until the main unit operates with 15% load. During shutdown, when the unit load decreases to 14%, open
all the valves.
7.6.2.12 Confirm that the steam exhaust butterfly valves of low-power turbine are tightly closed and have
no jam when rotating the valve. Condenser vacuum of high-power engine is built, extract vacuum from the
feed water pump steam turbine and pay attention to the vacuum changes of condenser and low-power
turbine vacuum is built. When the steam exhausting cylinder pressure is below 28KPa, fully open the steam
exhaust butterfly valves of low-power turbine.
7.6.2.13 Slightly open the auxiliary steam (or extract section no.4) to low-power turbine steam inlet valve,
and warm up the low-power turbine steam inlet pipeline by water drain.
7.6.2.14 Check and confirm that the minimum flow valve of steam valve is in the automatic startup position
and main feed water pump outlet valve is closed.
7.6.2.15 Confirm that all protections of booster pump, low-power turbine and steam pump are put into
operation.
7.6.2.16 Fully open the LP main steam stop valves of low-power turbine.
7.6.3 Impulse starting of low-power turbine
7.6.3.1 Press LATCH button to latch the unit.
7.6.3.2 Press “ON” button to open the main steam valve.
7.6.3.3 Press “TARGET” to choose speed of 800r/min，Press “RATE” to choose 150r/min/min.
7.6.3.4 Press “GO” button, the LP governing valve will be opened gradually, the unit will increase speed
according to the given speed rise rate. When the speed is larger than the turning speed, the turning device
should release automatically, otherwise, trip the unit immediately.
7.6.3.5 Checks when speed rises to 800r/min and warming.
Perform overall inspection to the unit mainly focusing on checking if there is friction in the rotor and stator
parts, if the vibration is too large and axial displacement, etc. under this speed. When the Turbine outer
cylinder 0℃, warm the unit by speed under this speed for 45min;When the unit starts up in cold state
（shutdown time is ≥72h）, warm the unit by speed under this speed for 40min; when the unit starts up in
warm state（shutdown time is ≥36h）, warm the unit by speed under this speed for 25min.
7.6.3.6 Press “TARGET” to choose speed of 2900r/min
Press “RATE” to choose speed rise rate of 345r/min/min

Press “GO” button, the speed will rise to the target value.
Note: the calculated value of unit first order critical speed is 7000 r/min, when operate stably under the
speed of 800 r/min, please check if each part operates normally and confirm that all monitoring and control
instruments are put into operation. The critical speed can be passed only when there are no abnormalities in
every aspect.
7.6.3.7 When the actual speed of steam turbine rises to 2900 r/min and meets the conditions of automatic
control of boiler, the control mode of steam turbine will be switched from SPEED AUTO to BOILER
AUTO automatically and stably through software and the speed of steam turbine will change along with the
149
required signals of feed water flow from CCS (boiler feed water coordinating and control system).
7.6.3.8 Open the outlet motor-operated valve of steam turbine and operate the pump (open the outlet valve
when the steam pump outlet is close to feed water header pressure.)
7.6.3.9 Open the steam pump intermediate bleed-off valve as required.
7.6.3.10 Put in HP steam source of low-power turbine.
7.6.3.11 When the main unit load reaches 15% of rated load, close the main steam stop valves, governing
valves and cylinder of low-power steam turbine and all drain valves on the steam pipeline.
7.7 Parallel operation rules for feed water pumps
7.7.1 The electric pump operates with single set of steam pump in parallel.
7.7.1.1 Check that the steam pump is in the boiler automatic control state and the outlet pressure of steam
pump is close to the outlet pressure of electric pump, the front and rear differential pressure of steam pump
outlet valve is <0.06MPa.
7.7.1.2 Confirm that the electric pump operates normally, the electric pump is in the auto control state and
feed water control is in auto state.
7.7.1.3 The unit load is around 180 MW.
7.7.1.4 Open the outlet valve of steam pump, pay attention to the changes of the inlet flow rate, outlet
pressure and minimum recirculating flow rate of electric pump and steam pump.
7.7.1.5 Try to keep the stability of feed water flow rate and pay attention to the changes of drum water level
during pump parallel.
7.7.1.6 If the unit load decreases suddenly, switch the steam pump from “AUTO” to “MAN” immediately
to prevent sudden decrease of steam pump flow rate under “AUTO” state. The protection operates to trip if
there is no time to open the minimum flow valve causing low flow rate of steam pump inlet.
7.7.2 Parallel operation of two steam pumps
7.7.2.1 Confirm that the second set low-power turbine is started up and the speed is under control.
7.7.2.2 Govern the steam pump speed to make the front and rear differential pressure of its outlet pressure
smaller than 0.06 MPa.
7.7.2.3 Open the outlet motor-operated valve of steam pump, open the intermediate bleed-off valve.
7.7.2.4 Confirm that the electric/steam pump operates normally, speed is in auto state and feed water is in
boiler auto control state.
7.7.2.5 Govern the speed of steam pump, when the outlet pressure of three sets pump are close to each
other, decrease the speed of electric pump, stop the operation of electric pump and check that the electric
pump and auxiliary oil pump start up automatically and the oil pressure is normal.
7.7.2.6 When two pumps operate in parallel and all in “AUTO” and the electric pump is in standby, switch
the operating steam pump to manual governing mode to ensure stable speed of low-power turbine if one
steam pump trips and after the electric pump starts up by interlock or manually.
7.8 Shutdown of feed water pump steam turbine
150
7.8.1 Preparations before normal shutdown
7.8.1.1 Test that the standby main oil pump, emergency oil pump and electric turning gear operate
normally.
7.8.1.2 Confirm that the main steam stop valve and governing valve operate flexibly and have no jam.
7.8.1.3 Make good warming preparations for shaft seal auxiliary steam source.
7.8.2 Normal shutdown
7.8.2.1 When the main unit load decreases to 50% of rated load, start up electric pump, check that the feed
water system is normal and one set of steam pump can be stopped.
7.8.2.2 Release AUTO of steam pump, decrease the speed of steam pump, increase load of electric pump
and confirm that the load of the steam pump that prepares to be stopped is transferred.
7.8.2.3 Close the motor-operated valve from intermediate bleed-off to reheater attemperating water of
steam pump that prepares to close.
7.8.2.4 Close the outlet motor-operated valve of steam pump and check that the minimum flow valve is
opened.
7.8.2.5 When the main unit load decreases to 14% of rated value, open all the drain valves on low-power
turbine cylinder and steam pipeline, at the same time, open the pneumatic drain valve in front of HP & LP
main steam stop valves.
7.8.2.6 CCS (boiler feed water coordinating and control system) will automatically decrease the speed of
low-power steam turbine along with the decrease of main unit load. When the speed of low-power steam
turbine decreases to the min value 2900r/min of “BOILER AUTO” control mode, press the “TRIP” button
on “MEH operation board”.
7.8.2.7 Check and confirm that the low-power turbine HP main steam stop valve, LP main steam stop valve,
HP governing valve and LP governing valve are closed and the corresponding indicators light. The
operating mode of low-power turbine is again switched to “MANUAL” for start up again.
7.8.2.8 Check and confirm that the HP steam source motor-operated valve and LP steam source
motor-operated valve of low-power turbine are closed by interlocking.
7.8.2.9 When speed idles to 2r/min, test the relay operation by zero speed and the turning gear will start up
automatically.
7.8.2.10 The turning gear should operate continuously for 4h until the cylinder temperature is very low and
then operate intermittently.
7.8.2.11 Do the following works if the shutdown time of low-power steam turbine is too long.
7.8.2.11.1 If the main unit continues to operate with load lower than 30% of rated value and water is
supplied to boiler by electric pump, immediately close the vacuum butterfly valve on low-power steam
turbine steam exhaust pipeline to avoid damaging the vacuum of high-power engine condenser.
7.8.2.11.2 When decreasing load under sliding pressure operating mode, trip one steam pump with main
unit load lower than 40% and continue to operate with one steam pump.
7.8.2.12 Record the idling time of low-power turbine and eccentricity of rotor.
7.8.3 Emergency shutdown

151
7.8.3.1 The unit has serious vibration, the vibration amplitude is above shutdown value or the unit vibration
value increases suddenly.
7.8.3.2 There is clear metal friction and striking sound inside steam turbine.
7.8.3.3 The steam turbine has water hammer.
7.8.3.4 Bearing metal temperature rises suddenly to 110℃ or oil return temperature of any one of the
bearing rises to 75℃.
7.8.3.5 The shaft seal or deflector is seriously damaged and sparks.
7.8.3.6 The lubricating oil pressure lowers to 0.08MPa and it is ineffective to start up the standby oil pump.
7.8.3.7 The oil level of oil tank lowers to shutdown value and oil make-up is ineffective.
7.8.3.8 The oil system catches fire.
7.8.3.9 The axial displacement overruns and the protection of axial displacement does not operate.
7.8.3.10 The speed of steam turbine rises to tripping speed value and the unit is not tripped.
7.9 Normal operation maintenance of low-power turbine
7.9.1 The surrounding of steam pump is clean and has no foreign matters and there is not steam, oil and
water leakage.
7.9.2 Oil level of oil tank is normal, if it is lower than 650mm, make up oil in time.
7.9.3 The normal oil return temperature of bearing is < 65 ℃.
7.9.4 The pilot oil pressure and lubricating oil pressure and temperature is normal.
7.9.5 Measure the bearing and proper vibration on spot every day and the vibration amplitude should not
exceed 0.05mm.
7.9.6 Regularly check that the exhaust gas fan of oil tank operates normally and keep the low-power turbine
oil tank vacuum at 1kPa.
7.9.7 Check that the lubricating oil screen differential pressure of feed water pump indicates normally and
the differential pressure is 0.05MPa.
7.9.8 Check that the lubricating oil cooling water pressure of feed water pump steam turbine is normal at
0.35MPa.
7.10 Change-over of low-power turbine oil cooler
7.10.1 Confirm that two oil coolers are in operation and standby state.
7.10.2 Check that the standby oil cooler is in good condition and the bottom oil discharge valve is closed.
7.10.3 Slightly open the oil charge valve of oil cooler and air vent valve of standby oil cooler outlet pipe,
charge oil to and exhaust gas from the standby oil cooler. Close the air vent valve when oil overflows from
the air vent valve continuously.
7.10.4 Fully open the oil charge valve of oil cooler, lift the pressure of standby oil cooler to observe there is
no oil leakage.
7.10.5 Slowly open the cooling water inlet valve of standby oil cooler, close the air vent valve after
finishing exhausting air from oil cooler water side.
152
7.10.6 Confirm that the standby oil cooler cooling water outlet valve is opened.
7.10.7 Slightly rotate the switching handle of oil cooler to observe the working condition of standby oil
cooler.
7.10.8 Loosen the lock and continue to slowly rotate the switching handle, stop to observe for a while every
time rotate a little, and gradually put the standby oil cooler into operation until it is fully switched to the
original standby oil cooler operating position. Pay attention to the oil temperature changes.
7.10.9 Close the oil charge valve of oil cooler, originally operating oil cooler transfer to standby.
153
Chapter 8 Start and Stop of Heater
8.1 Operation principles for start and stop of heater
8.1.1 The safety valve of HP heater after installation or maintenance can be put into operation only after
verified as qualified.
8.1.2 Put the water side at first and then the steam side when starting up heater with the sequence from low
to high. When stopping the heater, stop steam side at first and then stop water side. Put the LP heater to
water side when filling water to the condensate system. Put the HP heater to water side when filling water
to boiler. Finish filling water for operation under low pressure.
8.1.3 Open the inlet and outlet valves of LP heater, and close the bypass valves when they are fully opened
and LP heater water side is put into operation.
8.1.4 After the water side inlet and outlet valves of HP heater are fully opened, put HP heater water side
into operation.
8.1.5 The shutdown procedures of HP & LP heaters are basically opposite to the startup procedures.
8.1.6 It is strictly prohibited to put the leaking heaters into operation.
8.1.7 The heaters can only be put into operation under the conditions that the local water level gauge, water
level switch and water level transmitter are in good condition and the alarm signal and protections operate
normally.
8.1.8 LP heaters will be started up by sliding under the condition of unit impulse starting and HP heaters
will be started up when the unit load reaches 25% of rated load and after the deaerator reverses to steam
extraction section no.4 of this unit. Follow the principles of from LP to HP when starting the HP heaters
and take the opposite sequence when stopping HP heaters.
8.1.9 Strictly control that the variation rate of LP heater outlet water temperature is ≤3℃/min, the variation
rate of HP heaters is ≤0.917℃/min and the variation rate of HP heaters outlet water temperature is
≤1.83℃/min when starting up and stopping the heaters.
8.2 Checks before the startup of heaters
8.2.1 Confirm that the flushing of heaters and the pipelines are qualified, the relevant tests are qualified and
all water level gauges of heaters are put into operation.
8.2.2 Confirm that all control steam source of system pneumatic valves are normally put into operation.
8.2.3 Rotate all drain valves, steam extraction motor-operated valves and check valves before startup of
unit to confirm that they can operate normally.
8.2.4 Check and open the signal valves of all instruments and meters, liquid level switches and transmitters.
8.2.5 Confirm that the nitrogen charging protection system of heater is isolated..
8.2.6 Confirm that all water discharge valves of heater steam side and water side are closed and open the
water side air vent valve, close it after water coming in.
8.2.7 Slightly open the LP heater startup steam exhaust valves and confirm that the primary and secondary
154
valves from LP heater continuous steam exhaust to condenser are closed.
8.2.8 Confirm that the valves from HP heater continuous steam exhaust valves to deaerator are closed.
8.2.9 Confirm that the HP heater startup steam exhaust valve is opened.
8.2.10 Confirm that the front and rear intercept valves of heater normal drain valve are opened and the front
and rear intercept valves of emergency drain valve are opened.
8.2.11 Confirm that the steam extraction check valve is closed, the front and rear drain valves of steam
extraction check valve are opened, the motor-operated valve of steam extraction is closed and the rear drain
valve of steam extraction motor-operated valve is opened.
8.3 Startup of LP heater
8.3.1 Put the water side of LP heater into operation, open the air vent valve of water chamber and close it
after water coming in. Pay attention that the water inlet and outlet valves of LP heater are normally opened,
the bypass valve of water side is closed. Close the LP heater drain valve to check that the water level gauge
of LP heater has no water level indication and the condensate flow rate has no change.
8.3.2 Open the emergency drain valve of LP heater, open the steam extraction check valve of started LP
heater, slightly open the steam extraction motor-operated valve of started LP heater to prewarm LP heater
and control the water outlet temperature variation rate of LP heater to be smaller than 2℃/min.
8.3.3 Slowly fully open the steam extraction motor-operated valve of LP heater and check that the front and
rear drain valves of steam extraction motor-operated valve are closed. Open the continuous steam exhaust
valve and close the started steam exhaust valve. Each heater is normally put to auto and pay attention to
monitor that the drain valves of each heater operate normally and the water level is normal and pay
attention to the changes of condenser vacuum.
8.4 Start of HP heater
8.4.1 Check that the steam extraction valve, drain valve and check valve of HP heater are in good condition,
all instruments of heaters are in good condition and are put into operation, the water level gauge are put
into operation and all related power supply and control steam are normally put into operation.
8.4.2 Finish checking and recovering the system according to HP heater startup check procedures and
confirm the position of each valve is correct.
8.4.3 Open the water filling valve of #3 HP heater and fill water to #3 HP heater as per the specified
temperature rise rate. Close the air vent valve of heater water side and close it after water coming in. Close
the water filling valve after water filling.
8.4.4 Close the drain valve of #3 HP heater to check that the water level gauge of HP heater has no water
level indication and confirm that the HP heater water side has no leakage.
8.4.5 Slowly open the #3 HP heater outlet valve.
8.4.6 Open the three-way overall bypass valve of #3 HP heater inlet, put the #3 HP heater water side into
operation.
8.4.7Sequentially according to the above steps put the #1 #2 HP heater water side into operation..
8.4.8 Check #1 #2 #3 HP the normal drain valve and emergency drain valve Close
155
8.4.9 Check and open the steam extraction check valve of #3 HP heaters, open the drain valves of #3 HP
heater steam extraction pipeline, slowly open the steam extraction section no.3 motor-operated valve to
warm up the steam extraction pipeline. Close the valve after warming up the pipeline.
8.4.10 Open the started steam exhaust valve of #3 HP heater, close the started steam exhaust valve when
steam is exhausted from the steam exhaust valve and pay attention to the changes of unit vacuum.
8.4.11 Open the continuous steam exhaust valve of #3 HP heater.
8.4.12 Slowly open the steam inlet motor-operated valve of #3 HP heaters and adjust drain valve to ensure
the water level of HP heater is normal.
8.4.13 Control the outlet water temperature variation rate of HP heater ≤1.83℃/min.
8.4.14 Gradually fully open the steam extraction motor-operated valve of #3 HP heater, put the normal
drain governing valve and emergency drain governing valve of #3 HP heater to ”AUTO”. Pay attention that
each drain valve operate normally and keep the HP heater water level normal.
8.4.15 Pay attention to check that the drain valve of steam extraction pipeline is closed, the HP heater water
level is in the normal range and the temperature and pressure of deaerator is normal.
8.4.16 Open the steam extraction motor-operated valves from low to high steam pressure in turn. When the
steam extraction pressure of #3 HP heater reaches certain valve, lead drainage to deaerator and open the
operating steam exhaust valve.
8.4.17 Adjust the water level to normal range and put to AUTO and PROTECTION.
8.5 Operation maintenance of heater
8.5.1 The lighting of local water level gauge is normal, the display of water level is clear and CRT
corresponds to local water level.
8.5.2 The drain governing valve operates normally.
8.5.3 The water level of each heater is normal to prevent operating in low or high water level and it is not
allowed to operate in the condition of no water level or below the lowest water level for long time.
8.5.4 Heat insulation of heater and pipeline is good, the steam and water pipeline has no leakage and the
heater shave not vibration and sound of steam and water striking.
8.5.5 The pressure and temperature indications of heater change normally along with the unit load changes.
8.5.6 Check that the differential temperature of heater terminal is between 5-6℃.
8.5.7 Use thermodetector to check that the temperature of HP heater emergency drain valve is normal
during operation and confirm that the drain valve is tightly closed.
8.6 Shutdown of LP heater
8.6.1 The LP heater stops normally, close the steam extraction motor-operated valve and steam extraction
check valve of each LP heater along with the shutdown of main unit, the decrease of LP heater outlet water
temperature is not larger than 2℃/min. Pay attention to the deaerator temperature and pressure.
8.6.2 Confirm that the front and rear drain motor-operated valves of each steam extraction motor-operated
valve are normally opened.
156
8.6.3 Perform the following operation after shutdown of LP heater if the LP heaters need to be maintained
for faults.
8.6.3.1 Close the normal drain valve, emergency drain valve and front and rear intercept valves of the
stopped LP heater and close the continuous steam exhaust valve of stopped LP heater.
8.6.3.2 Open the bypass valve of stopped LP heater water side and close its outlet and inlet valves.
8.6.3.3 Close the rear drain valve of LP heater steam inlet motor-operated valve.
8.6.3.4 Open the steam and water side water discharge valve to suppress pressure and pay attention to the
changes of unit vacuum and inform the maintenance staff after pressure suppression.
8.7 Shutdown of HP heater
8.7.1 The shutdown of HP heater is divided into random shutdown and on-load shutdown.
8.7.2 The HP heater is provided with random sliding pressure shutdown. When the steam extraction
pressure of final stage HP heater decreases to certain value, close the drain valve to deaerator and open the
drain governing valve to condenser. After shutdown of unit, switch the inlet three-way valve of HP heater
to bypass, close the HP heater outlet motor-operated valve and open pipe side and shell side to start the air
vent valve and water discharge valve to drain the water. Put humidity protection into operation.
8.7.3 HP heater shuts down with load.
8.7.3.1 Slowly close the steam extraction motor-operated valve of HP heater according to the sequence of
high-low steam pressure, and strictly control that outlet temperature variation rate of HP heater not larger
than 1.83℃/min and pay attention to control the changes of unit load. After all steam inlet motor-operated
valve of three sets HP heaters are closed, close the steam extraction check valve and close the continuous
steam exhaust to deaerator valve.
8.7.3.2 Close the normal and emergency drain stop valves of HP heater and open the steam exhaust valve
and water discharge valve.
8.7.3.3 Close the inlet three-way valve of HP heater to let the water go through bypass valve, close the
outlet motor-operated valves of HP heater and pay attention to the water level changes of HP heater.
8.7.3.4 Open the steam and water side water discharge valve and drain valve of HP heater according to
maintenance requirements, check that the pressure gradually decreases to zero. Confirm that the rear drain
valves of steam extraction motor-operated valve and drain valve are tightly closed before opening the steam
side drain valve, otherwise, it may affect vacuum.
8.7.3.5 When it need nitrogen charge protection after stopping heaters, the nitrogen charging operation
should be done along with water discharge of water side.
8.8 Conditions of HP heater emergency shutdown
8.8.1 The heater water pipelines and valves explode, which may endanger personal and equipment safety.
8.8.2 Treatment is ineffective after the rise of heater water level and the HP heater is full of water.
8.8.3 All the water level indications are out of order that the water level cannot be monitored.
8.8.4 The emergency drain valves of HP heater operate frequently making it difficult to make up water.
8.9 HP heater emergency shutdown operation

157
8.9.1 Immediately close the steam inlet motor-operated valve and steam extraction check valve of HP
heater and open the drain pneumatic valves of steam extraction pipeline.
8.9.2 Parallel off the HP heater side and the feed water will go through bypass.
8.9.3 Close the valves from drain valve to deaerator.
8.9.4 Find out the causes when the HP heater water level is too high and the protection operates; it is
strictly prohibited to put the HP heater into operation when there is HP heater leakage.
8.9.5 When the steam and water side of HP heater parallel off at the same time, closely monitor the feed
water pressure and flow rate to prevent interruption of feed water.
8.9.6 Ensure the pressure of each monitored section will not exceed the limit during parallel-off and
dropout of HP heater and limit load if necessary.
8.10 Parallel-off of HP heater in accident conditions
8.10.1 Connect the alarm set point of high water level value II and open the emergency drain valve
automatically when there is leakage of HP heater and water level rises rapidly. If the water level continues
to rise, connect the high water level value III and quickly close the water inlet and outlet valve and close
the steam extraction isolating valve. Close the stop valve and operating steam exhaust valve from drain
valve to deaerator, open the stop valve from drain valve to condenser, start and stop the water discharge
valve to drain water and open the air vent valve.
8.10.2 Follow the limits of temperature variation rate when parallel off the synchronization automatically
under accidents conditions.
8.10.3 If the automatic parallel-off system is out of order and refuses to operate, press the
“PARALLEL-OFF” button manually, if this is still ineffective, switch the feed water valve handles by force
manually on site.
158
Chapter 9 Start and Stop of Main Unit Shaft Seal System
9.1 Checks before the startup of shaft seal system
9.1.1 Check and confirm that the prewarming to auxiliary steam supply shaft seal pipeline can be done.
9.1.2 Check and confirm that the cooling water of shaft seal heater is put into operation, the outlet and inlet
valves of shaft seal heater water side are opened and the bypass valve is closed.
9.1.3 Check and confirm that the drain U type seal water pipe of shaft seal heater is filled with water.
9.1.4 Check and confirm that the following valves operate normally: the motor-operated valve from
auxiliary steam header to steam seal, the motor-operated valve from cold reheated steam to steam seal, the
steam seal auxiliary feed valve (SSAFV), steam seal unloading valve (SPUV) and steam seal feed valve
(SSFV).
9.1.5 Check that the normal compressed air pressure is 0.65~0.8MPa.
9.1.6 Check and confirm that the normal pressure of auxiliary steam header is 0.65~0.8MPa and the
temperature is 320℃.
9.1.7 Check and confirm that the unit is in turning state.
9.2 Start of shaft seal system
9.2.1 Check and confirm that front steam admission pressure of SSAFV isolating valve is higher than
0.65~0.8MPa, while the steam temperature should be 200-250℃ meeting the steam admission temperature
requirements of SSAFV isolating valve.
9.2.2 Check and open the U type water sealing shaft seal valve of heater for filling water.
9.2.2 Start up one shaft seal heater fan.
9.2.3 Slightly open the governing valve from auxiliary steam to shaft seal and check that the drain of shaft
seal system is smooth. Pay attention that the shaft seal system pipeline has no vibration.
9.2.4 Open the governing valve from auxiliary steam to shaft seal and check that the pressure of shaft seal
header is normal. Check and confirm the following items after the shaft seal system is put into operation.
9.2.4.1 The shaft seal system has no leakage.
9.2.4.2 The shaft seal heater fan operates normally and the inlet negative pressure of shaft seal heater is
-2.5kPa.
9.2.4.3 The shell side pressure of shaft seal heater is normal.
9.2.4.4 The pressure of shaft seal header is around 0.027MPa.
9.2.5 After #7 and 8 LP heaters are normally put into operation, the shaft seal overflow valve with load
higher than 150MW should be switched to #8A LP heater.
9.3 Shutdown of shaft seal system
9.3.1 Check that the main unit is shutdown and confirm that the main steam stop valve and governing valve
are closed.
159
9.3.2 Check that the speed of main unit decreases.
9.3.3 Shut down the vacuum pump and open the vacuum breaking valve.
9.3.4 When the control unit speed is at zero and the condenser vacuum is at zero, stop shaft seal steam
supply.
9.3.5 Check and close the auxiliary feed shaft seal motor-operated isolating valve, check and close the cold
reheated steam feed shaft seal motor-operated isolating valve, check and close the main steam feed shaft
seal motor-operated isolating valve, check and close the motor-operated valve from shaft seal overflow
valve to #8 LP heater, check and close the shaft seal overflow bypass valve, check and close the
motor-operated valve of shaft seal auxiliary steam station and check and close the LP shaft seal spray
governing valve.
9.3.6 Confirm that the governing valve of shaft seal auxiliary steam, main steam governing valve and
overflow governing valve are closed and put them to “MANUAL” and check that the shaft seal pressure is
at zero.
9.3.7 Stop the shaft seal heater fan and release “AUTO” of shaft seal heater.
160
Chapter 10 Start and Stop of Vacuum System
10.1 Preparation before the start of vacuum system
10.1.1 Check and recover the vacuum system according to the vacuum extraction check procedure to
confirm that it meets the start condition.
10.1.2 Power on after confirming that the insulation of vacuum pump motor is qualified.
10.1.3 Confirm that the air vent valve and water discharge valve of vacuum system should be closed and
the compressed air system for instruments and relative meters are put into operation.
10.1.4 Confirm that vacuum extraction valves of condenser A and B are opened.
10.1.5 Check that the inlet pneumatic valve of vacuum pump is closed.
10.1.6 Check that the shaft seal system of main unit is put into operation.
10.1.7 Confirm that the condensate system, circulating water system, open circulating cooling water system
and closed circulating cooling water system are put into normal operation.
10.1.8 Open the manual isolating valve from demineralized cooling water system to vacuum pump to fill
water to the vacuum pump and pay attention that the automatic make-up water valve of vacuum pump
operates normally.
10.1.9 Put the cooling water of vacuum pump cooler into operation, check that the steam exhaust valve of
steam separator is opened and check that the level indicator of steam separator is put into operation.
10.1.10 Confirm and close the vacuum breaking valve of condenser A and B.
10.1.11 Open the seal water master valve of vacuum breaking valve to keep certain seal water level and
prevent overflowing.
10.2 Startup of vacuum pump
10.2.1 Start up the vacuum pump on the CRT of control room.
10.2.2After vacuum pump run interlock start up the vacuum circulating pump.
10.2.3 When the rear pressure of vacuum pump inlet pneumatic valve reaches-88kPa, confirm that the
interlocking startup of vacuum pump inlet pneumatic valve is normal.
10.2.4 Confirm that the vacuum pump inlet vacuum indication and steam exhaust of steam separator is
normal. Start up the second vacuum pumps according to the vacuum situation and vacuum rising speed of
condenser.
10.3 Operation maintenance of vacuum pump
10.3.1 Check that the pump vibration is normal, has no friction, no abnormal sound and the motor current is
normal.
10.3.2 Check that the water level of vacuum pump steam separator is normal.
10.3.3 Check that the water level of condenser vacuum breaking valve water seal is normal.
161
10.3.4 Check that the vacuum pump cooler operates normally.
10.3.5 Check that the standby vacuum pump shaft seal and liquid level of separator is normal.
10.3.6 Check that the inlet pneumatic valve positions of operating and standby vacuum pump are normal.
10.4 Shutdown of vacuum pump
10.4.1 Release “AUTO” of standby vacuum pump and stopping operating vacuum pump，interlock stop the
vacuum circulating pump.
10.4.2 Confirm that the inlet pneumatic valve of vacuum pump is closed and put the vacuum pump into
operation by interlock as required.
10.4.3 Make good isolating works for the pump if there are faults or eliminating faults by shutdown.
10.5 Change-over of vacuum pump
10.5.1 Fully check that the standby vacuum pump is in good condition making it is of startup conditions.
10.5.2 Release “AUTO” of standby vacuum pump.
10.5.3 Start up the standby vacuum pump and check that its current, vibration and sound are normal and the
CRT status indication is correct.
10.5.4 Check and confirm that the inlet valve should be opened by interlock after the standby pump starts
up and when the rear pressure of inlet reaches -88kPa, otherwise, contact the thermal staff for treatment.
10.5.5 When the vacuum pump separator water level, shaft seal and make-up solenoid valve are normal,
stop one originally operating vacuum pump, check that the CRT status indication is correct and locally
check that each valve is correctly closed.
10.5.6 Check that the condenser vacuum is normal and put the vacuum pump to “AUTO” as required.
10.5.7 When the inlet pressure of operating vacuum pump lowers to -80.3 KPa, the standby vacuum pump
will start up automatically by interlock.
162
Chapter 11 Start and Stop of Main Unit Lubricating Oil System
11.1 System shutdown conditions
11.1.1 Finish checking the equipment system according to the system checking procedures.
11.1.2 The oil tank of high-power engine is filled with appropriate qualified oil and the oil level is in the
normal operating oil level of 1200 mm (normal operating oil level is 1200100 mm).
11.1.3 Put the compressed air system for instruments system into operation.
11.1.4 Put the open circulating cooling water system into operation.
11.1.5 All the oil relieve valve, air vent valve and blowdown valve of the system are closed.
11.1.6 Put the corresponding oil cooler into operation.
11.1.7 The control power supply in the system is powered on and the signal is normal.
11.1.8 The insulation of TOP, EOP, MSP and exhaust gas fan motors is qualified and each interlock
protection tests are finished and qualified.
11.2 Trial run of equipment and system leak finding
11.2.1 After maintenance of oil system and put it into operation for the first time, the oil system should be
filled with oil for startup.
11.2.2 Check and open the outlet and inlet valves of main oil tank exhaust gas fan, start up the exhaust gas
fan to check its vibration and sound is normal and keep the negative pressure of main oil tank at 1Kpa.
11.2.3 Start up the main unit auxiliary oil pump MSP to check its vibration, sound and pressure, etc. is
normal.
11.2.4 Start the main unit AC lubricating oil pump TOP to check it vibration, sound, pressure, etc. is
normal.
11.2.5 Check that there is no leakage in the lubricating oil system.
11.2.6 Check that all the pressure and temperature meters in the system indicate correctly.
11.2.7 Perform oil cooler change-over tests to confirm that there is no fluctuation during changing oil
pressure.
11.2.8 Start three jacking oil pumps respectively to check its vibration, sound, outlet pressure, etc. is
normal.
11.2.9 Check that there is no leakage in the jacking oil devices.
11.2.10 Stop the jacking oil pump.
11.2.11 Stop AC lubricating oil pump TOP, start the standby EOP by interlock when the lubricating oil
pressure decreases to 0.105Mpa.
11.2.12 Stop MSP.
11.2.13 Start up the DC lubricating oil pump of main unit to check its vibration, sound, temperature, oil
163
pressure is normal.
11.2.14 Stop the DC oil pump after operating for 30min.
11.2.15 Stop the exhaust gas fan of main oil tank and close the outlet valve.
11.3 Start of lubricating oil system
11.3.1 The recovery of oil system has been completed based on the startup checking procedure before the
start of lubricating oil system.
11.3.2 Start the exhaust gas fan of main oil tank and adjust the negative pressure of oil tank to 1kPa by
outlet valve.
11.3.3 Start up the MSP and TOP to check and confirm that all pressure gauges installed on the steam
turbine bearing box and main oil tank indicate normally.
11.3.4 Power on the DC lubricating oil pump for standby.
11.3.5 The three valves (throttle valve of booster pump, bypass valve of booster pump and safety valve of
booster pump) installed on the turbine booster pump should be adjusted appropriately and fastened by
clamp handle by maintenance staff when the system is put into operation for the first time and after
overhaul.
11.3.6 The unit can operate stably in the speed of 3000rpm. Complete the adjustment to the above
mentioned three valves according to the following procedure before stopping TOP and MSP:
11.3.7 Adjust the throttle valve of power oil to make the pumping inlet pressure of main oil pump reach the
design value at the front bearing box of steam turbine.
11.3.8 Check the oil drainage flow rate of bearing oil supply mains and overflow valve.
11.3.9 Adjust the bypass valve and power oil throttle valve simultaneously to make the pressure of bearing
oil supply mains and oil drainage flow rate of overflow valve reach the specified value.
11.3.10 Recheck the pumping pressure of main oil pump; if the pressure of bearing oil supply mains
changes a lot during the performing the adjustment of 11.3.9, readjust the power oil throttle valve to adjust
the inlet oil pressure of main oil pump.
11.3.11 The final pressure under rated speed of steam turbine is set as follows (instruction on the front
housing of steam turbine):
Inlet pressure of main oil pump: ≥0.098~0.147MPa.
Pressure of bearing lubricating oil mains: ≥0.137~0.176 MPa.
Pressure of main oil pump outlet: ≥1.372MPa.
11.3.12 There’s no need to adjust any more after the readings of the above mentioned pressure gauge
reaching the final stable value.
11.3.13 Lock the power oil throttle valve and overflow valve on the set final positions.
11.3.14 Check that the oil flow of each bearing oil return eye hole is normal.
11.3.15 Check that the bearing lubricating oil temperature is normal, the heater of main oil tank is put to
“AUTO”; start the electric heater when the oil temperature is lower than 20℃, stop it when the temperature
164
is higher than 35℃ and put to cooling water when the temperature is higher than 38℃.
11.3.16 Check that the jacking oil pump is stopped and put it to “AUTO” when the unit speed is 2500r/min.
11.3.17 After the unit speed becomes constant, check and stop the following oil pumps: startup oil pump,
auxiliary oil pump, emergency oil pump and put all pumps to “AUTO”.
11.4 Stop of lubricating oil system
11.4.1 Shutdown principles: the main unit turning operation can be stopped only when the peak of steam
turbine cylinder temperature is <150℃; the main unit lubricating oil system can be stopped only when the
peak cylinder temperature is <130℃. Pay attention that the seal oil system operates normally when the
lubricating oil system stops to prevent interruption of seal oil.
11.4.2 The jacking oil pump and TOP oil pump can be stopped only after the main unit turning is stopped.
11.4.3 Check to stop turning at first, then stop the jacking oil pump and finally stop the TOP oil pump and
confirm that the DC oil pump will start up automatically.
11.4.4 Release the interlocking of main unit DC oil pump and shut down the emergency oil pump.
11.4.5 Pay attention to check the rising of oil level of main oil tank to strictly avoid outflow and stop the
exhaust gas fan as required.
11.4.6 Close the cooling water inlet and outlet valve of oil cooler.
11.4.7 Stop the lubricating oil purifier of main unit as the circumstances may require.
11.5 Start & stop and change-over of main unit oil cooler
11.5.1 Start of oil cooler
11.5.1.1 The standby oil cooler should be filled with oil in operation, the oil cooler after maintenance
should be filled with oil and used as standby after venting air.
11.5.1.2 Slightly open the oil injection valve and air vent valve of oil cooler when filling oil to the oil
cooler after maintenance. Pay attention to the changes of lubricating oil pressure, lubricating oil
temperature and oil level of oil tank. Close the air vent valve and oil injection valve after the air of oil
cooler oil side is vented.
11.5.1.3 Monitor that the oil level of main oil tank is above the normal 1100mm oil level when filling oil to
the oil cooler, otherwise, make up oil to the main oil tank.
11.5.1.4 Close the water discharge valve at the bottom of oil cooler, check and close the outlet water valve
of oil cooler.
11.5.1.5 Open the water side air vent valve of oil cooler.
11.5.1.6 Confirm that the front and rear intercept valves of oil cooler cooling water governing valve are
opened, the governing valve is slightly opened and the bypass valve is closed.
11.5.1.7 Slightly open the cooling water inlet valve of oil cooler, fill water to and exhaust air from the oil
cooler and close the air vent valve after water coming in.
11.5.1.8 Slowly open the cooling water outlet valve of oil cooler.
11.5.1.9 Rotate the change-over valve and put the oil side oil cooler into operation.
165
11.5.1.9 Slowly open the cooling water inlet manual valve of oil cooler to full, put the cooling water outlet
governing valve of oil cooler to “AUTO”, check that the governing valve operates normally and adjust the
outlet oil temperature of operating oil cooler at 40~45℃.
11.5.2 Change-over of oil cooler
11.5.2.1 Pay attention to the changes of main oil tank oil level, lubricating oil pressure and lubricating oil
temperature when changing over oil cooler.
11.5.2.2 turn to right（left）open a little the change-over valve.
11.5.2.3 Slowly open the oil side outlet air exhaust valve of standby oil cooler.
11.5.2.4 Confirm that there is oil flow over the standby oil cooler outlet exhaust port, fill the standby oil
cooler with oil.
11.5.2.5 Check that the cooling water inlet and outlet valve of standby oil cooler is open .
11.5.2.6Turn to right（left）rotate the change-over valve hand wheel according to the direction of standby oil
cooler, indicating arrow turn to left（right）and switch the oil cooler oil side to the other side.
11.5.2.7 Monitor the operating condition of cooling water governing valve, confirm that the oil outlet
temperature of oil cooler is 40℃~46℃ and the lubricating oil pressure is normal.
11.5.2.8 After the change-over is normal, the originally operating oil cooler is transferred to standby state.
11.5.2.9 The change-over of oil cooler during operation should be monitored by unit supervisor or operator
on duty.
11.5.3 Shutdown of oil cooler
11.5.3.1 Switch the change-over valve of oil cooler to the position of another started oil cooler, cut off the
oil pipeline of oil cooler preparing for shutdown.
11.5.3.2 Close the inlet and outlet water valves of oil cooler, open the oil cooler bottom water discharge
valve and water side air vent valve to drain the water.
11.5.3.3 If the oil cooler should be maintained after shutdown, open the oil cooler bottom oil relieve valve
and oil side air vent valve to drain the oil in the oil cooler.
166
Chapter 12 Start and Stop of Jacking Oil System
12.1 Checks before the start of jacking oil system
12.1.1 Finish checking and recovering the system according to the system checking procedure.
12.1.2 Check that the lubricating oil system of main unit is put into normal operation.
12.1.3 Check the jacking oil device that the work is finished; the site is clean and in order and meets the
start condition.
12.2 Adjustment before the start of jacking oil system
12.2.1 The jacking device should be adjusted when the jacking oil system is started for the first time.
12.2.2 Check that the AC lubricating oil pump operates normally, open the oil inlet pipe of jacking oil
pump and the stop valve on and the stop valve on oil outlet pipe.
12.2.3 Confirm that the pressure switch of oil inlet pipe of jacking oil will be switched on when the set
value is ≤0.03 MPa.
12.2.4 The pressure switch of jacking oil pump outlet oil pipe will be switched on when the set value is ≤7
MPa.
12.2.5 Manually turn the coupling to check if it rotates smoothly and exhaust the air inside the pump at the
same time; power on after measuring that the insulation is qualified.
12.2.6 Fully open (anticlockwise) the constant pressure variable valve on the pump.
12.2.7 Inch the motor to see if the rotation direction of motor is correct, the pump is in unloading state and
the motor start up with no-load. Start up the motor if it rotates correctly.
12.2.8 Start up the jacking oil pump to check that it operates normally and has no abnormal sound and
leakage.
12.2.9 Close the throttle valve on the shunt.
12.2.10 Rotate the constant pressure variable valve and overflow valve in the clockwise direction
respectively to raise the pump outlet pressure to 18MPa and adjust the operating pressure of overflow valve
to 18MPa.
12.2.11 Rotate the constant pressure variable valve in the anticlockwise direction to lower its pressure to
16MPa.
12.2.12 Adjust the oil inlet throttle valves of each shaft diameter to make the jacking height of each shaft
diameter to 0.02~0.05mm (measured by dial gauge).
12.2.13 After adjusting the jacking height of each bearing, lock the overflow valves and throttle valves of
each branch pipe.
12.2.14 Start up The other two jacking oil pump, which will be adjusted based on the above mentioned
methods.
12.3 Start of jacking oil system
167
12.3.1 Check that the lubricating oil system of main unit operates normally and the maintenance of jacking
oil system is finished.
12.3.2 Check and start the stop valves of jacking oil pump oil inlet pipe and oil outlet pipe.
12.3.3 Check that the jacking devices meet the startup conditions, the pressure of lubricating oil mains is
normal, the pressure of jacking oil pump inlet pipe is >0.03 MPa and the pressure switch is open.
12.3.4 Start up the jacking oil pump to check that the outlet pressure is normal, which is at around 16 MPa.
12.3.5 Check that the jacking oil pump starts up automatically when the unit speed decreases to 2500r/min.
12.4 Stop and change-over of jacking oil system
12.4.1 Check that the jacking oil pump can stop automatically when the speed is >2500 r/min after starting
up the jacking oil pump.
12.4.2 When the jacking oil pump outlet pressure lowers to 7 MPa during jacking oil pump, the standby
jacking oil pump should be started up by interlock automatically.
168
Chapter 13 Operation of EH Oil System
13.1 Checks before the start of EH oil system
13.1.1 Recover the system according to the EH system startup checking procedure.
13.1.2 Confirm that the oil level of EH oil tank is in the highest level of normal oil level, the oil quality is
qualified at level MOOG2 or level NAS5 and the oil temperature is >20℃. Put the heater into operation as
the circumstances may require.
13.1.3 Confirm that each test of EH oil system is qualified and each interlock protection is put into
operation.
13.1.4 Check and confirm to open the primary and secondary valves of each pressure switch and close all
oil discharge valve and water discharge valve.
13.1.5 The control power supply is put into operation and the signal is normal. Confirm that all pressure
gauge, screen differential pressure gauge, thermometer, flow switch and temperature controller of the
system are put into operation.
13.1.6 Put one group of EH oil cooler into operation.
13.1.7 Confirm that the cooling water system of oil cooler is put into operation and the air is vented.
13.2 Checks of EH oil system leakage test
13.2.1 Confirm that the oil level of oil tank is at high level.
13.2.2 Power on the motor of EH oil pump and recirculating oil pump.
13.2.3 Check and open the oil inlet valve of recirculating oil pump.
13.2.4 Start up #1 fire-resistant oil circulating pump, check and confirm that vibration and sound is normal.
13.2.5 Check and confirm that the recirculating oil pump pipeline system has no leakage.
13.2.6 Check and open the regeneration valve from circulating pump outlet to oil.
13.2.7 Check and confirm that the oil regeneration system pipeline has no leakage and abnormity; the
normal differential pressure of oil regeneration filter screen is <0.24MPa.
13.2.8 Open the inlet and outlet valves of oil cooler to check that the EHG oil cooler system pipeline has
not oil leakage and abnormity; the normal differential pressure of oil cooler outlet filter screen is <0.5 MPa.
13.2.9 Start up #2 recirculating oil pump and stop #1 recirculating oil pump to check that the system has no
oil leakage.
13.2.10 Put any one of the main oil pump control switch to “ON” confirm that the pump is started and its
outlet pressure is maintained at around 11.2 and check the system has no leakage. If the oil level is low
after startup of oil pump, make up oil to normal.
13.2.11 Stop the oil recirculating pump and main oil pump.
13.3 Start of EH oil system
169
13.3.1 Confirm that the oil level of oil tank is at high level.
13.3.2 Confirm that the system cooling water is put into operation.
13.3.3 Confirm that the fire-resistant oil system main oil pump, recirculating oil pump, all instrument
power supply and control power supply is normal.
13.3.4 Put the control switch of heater to “ON”.
13.3.5 Recover the position of system valves according to the system startup checking procedure.
13.3.6 Start up #2 oil circulating pump.
13.3.7 Confirm that the oil temperature is >20℃.
13.3.8 Put the control switch of #1 circulating pump to “ON” and press for startup.
13.3.9 Put the control switch of #1 main oil pump to “ON” and confirm that the pump has been started up
and its outlet oil pressure is maintained at around 11.2 MPa and check that the system has no leakage.
13.3.10 Put the control switch of #2 main oil pump to “ON”.
13.3.11 Shut down #1 main oil pump to confirm that #2 main oil pump will start up automatically when the
oil supply pressure lowers to 9.2MPa and the outlet oil pressure will be kept at around 11.2 MPa.
13.3.13 Shut down #2main oil pump to confirm that #1 main oil pump will start up automatically when the
oil supply pressure lowers to 9.2MPa and the outlet oil pressure will be kept at around 11.2 MPa.
13.3.15 Slowly open the outlet valves of #1 and #2 main oil pump to charge oil to the oil system and check
that the EHG oil system pipe has no oil leakage.
13.3.16 Check that all the pressure gauges of EH oil system device panel indicate normally.
13.4 Shutdown of EH oil system
13.4.1 It is not allowed to stop the system unless the EH oil system is in operation.
13.4.2 Release “STANDBY” of standby EH oil pump on LCD and stop operating EH oil pump.
13.4.3 Shut down #1 and #2 recirculating oil pumps.
13.4.4 Close the cooling water inlet and outlet valves of oil cooler.
13.5 Checks of nitrogen actuator
13.5.1 Check and confirm that the inlet valve of the checked actuator is fully closed.
13.5.2 Check and fully open the oil drain valve of checked actuator.
13.5.3 Disassemble the top safety valve and secondary valve cover of this actuator.
13.5.4 Screw the hand wheel of the inflation module in the anticlockwise direction to end and connect it to
the too valve seat of actuator. Pay attention not connecting to the charging hose.
13.5.5 Confirm that the discharge valves of inflation module are closed.
170
13.5.6 Check that the nitrogen is charged to the set pressure 8.0 MPa. If there is need of inflation, connect
the charging hose and charge to the required pressure.
13.5.7 Disassemble the inflation module after finishing checking and reassemble the secondary valve cover
and safety valve.
13.5.8 Close the actuator oil drain valve.
13.5.5 Slowly open the inlet valve of actuator.
13.6 Change-over of EH oil pump
13.6.1 Check and confirm that system operates stably, the standby pump is in good standby condition and
release interlock of standby.
13.6.2 Startup the standby pump to check that the outlet pressure, vibration, sound and temperature, etc. is
normal.
13.6.3 Check and confirm that the status of two oil pumps on LCD is correct, shut down the originally
operating pumps and confirm that this pump stops operating and the outlet mains pressure is normal.
13.6.4 Shut down the EH oil pump and put to “STANDBY” on LCD.
13.6.5 Check that the EH oil system operates normally.
13.7 Operation maintenance of EH oil system
13.7.1 Illumination around the equipment is sufficient, the oil level of oil tank is normally a little higher
than the low alarm oil level 30 mm~50 mm, the oil level should not be too higher, otherwise, it may cause
oil overflow when tripping occurs.
13.7.2 Check that each pressure indication is normal, the pressure of oil supply mains is between
10.7MPa~11.7MPa.
13.7.3 The EH oil system operates normally and the outlet differential pressure of all operating pumps is
<0.5MPa.
13.7.4 Check if the visual pop up indicator of air filter is tripped, if it is, replace it.
13.7.5 Check and confirm that the pressure of circulating system is <1MPa.
13.7.6 The normal temperature of oil tank is between 32℃~54℃.
13.7.7 Check and confirm that each oil filter differential pressure of regeneration unit is <0.24MPa.
13.7.8 Check that the oil quality of fire-resistant oil is qualified and reaches Level MOOG2 or Level NAS5.
13.7.9 Check the nitrogen charging pressure of actuator once every 6 months.
13.7.10 Clean three integrated magnetics once every month.
13.7.11 Change over the standby pump and operating pump once every week.
13.8 Oil make-up of EH oil system
13.8.1 Check that the oil level of EH oil tank is low requiring oil make-up.
13.8.2 Put the control switch to “TRIP” if #2 circulating pump is in operation.
171
13.8.3 Connect the charging hose to the oil charge valve of #2 circulating pump.
13.8.4 Insert the oil absorbing terminal of charging hose to the position about 50mm above the oil drum
bottom to reduce deposit at the bottom of oil drum be absorbed to the oil tank.
13.8.5 Close the oil input port of #2 circulating pump at the bottom of oil tank and open the oil charge
valve of #2 circulating pump.
13.8.6 Put the control switch of #2 circulating pump to “ON” and press the startup button.
13.8.7 Gently lift the charging hose after one oil drum is absorbed. Shut down #2 circulating pump and
change another oil drum to perform the above mentioned related steps until the oil level of oil tank meet the
requirements.
13.8.8 Shut down #2 circulating pump and close the oil charge valve.
13.8.9 Disassemble the charging hose and screw the plug.
13.8.10 Open the oil input port of #2 circulating pump at the bottom of oil tank.
172
Chapter 14 Start and Stop of Generator Seal oil System
14.1 Checks before start
14.1.1 Recover the system according to the startup checking procedure of motor seal oil system.
14.1.2 Check that the main unit lubricating oil system has been put into operation and operates normally.
14.1.3 The test of seal oil system interlock protection is qualified and is put into operation.
14.1.4 The seal oil vacuum case is filled with oil and the oil level is normal.
14.1.5 Confirm that the wiring of seal oil vacuum pump motor is correct.
14.1.6 Check that the cooling water is put to seal oil vacuum pump and the cooling water solenoid valve
and lubricating oil solenoid valve of vacuum pump operate normally.
14.1.7 Power on the relevant power and thermodynamic power supply of system.
14.2 Start of system
14.2.1 Start up the seal oil vacuum pump and put the seal oil vacuum case vacuum to around -90kPa, close
the air extraction valve and shut down the seal oil vacuum pump for a short time.
14.2.2 Oil charging and air vent of seal oil pump is completed and start up one AC seal oil pump to check
that its pressure, temperature, vibration, sound and current is normal and confirm the interlocking startup of
recirculating seal oil pump is normal.
14.2.3 Slightly open the outlet valve of seal oil pump to check that the outlet pressure is normal. Fully open
the outlet valve of seal oil pump after finishing oil charging to the system. Start up the seal oil vacuum
pump and open the air extraction valve of vacuum oil tank to rated value of -90kPa~-96 kPa after checking
that the oil level of seal oil vacuum case is normal.
14.2.4 Put the other main seal oil pump and DC seal oil pump to standby after the seal oil system operates
normally.
14.3 Operation maintenance of system
14.3.1 Adjustment of seal oil differential pressure governing valve is normal, the differential pressure of
hydrogen and oil is kept at 0.056±0.02MPa, which should not be too high and too low to prevent hydrogen
leakage and oil getting into the motor. The differential pressure valve below 0.036 MPa is the lower limit
alarming signal value.
14.3.2 The oil level of seal oil vacuum case is normal which is at the vacuum oil tank horizontal center line
and within 60 mm above the horizontal center line. Send high and low oil level signals above +75mm and
below -75mm by taking the manhole cover horizontal center line of vacuum oil tank oil level as the
baseline.
14.3.3 When the outlet oil pressure of main seal oil pump lowers to 0.68 MPa, connect the control loop of
standby oil pump, delay 3~5s to start up the standby oil pump. When the standby oil pump cannot keep
normal seal oil pressure, delay 5~8s and connect the control lop of DC oil pump to start up DC oil pump.
14.3.4 The normal vacuum degree of seal oil vacuum case is kept at 90~-96kPa.
173
14.3.5 Check that the cooling water inlet and outlet solenoid valves of seal oil vacuum pump operate
normally and the cooling water amount is normal. Check if there is water accumulation in the oil separator
of seal oil vacuum pump and drain the water accumulation if there is any.
14.4 Shutdown of system
14.4.1 Shutdown conditions
14.4.1.1 The H2 inside the turbine has been replaced with air with 95% air purity and pressure within the
turbine of above50kPa;
14.4.1.2 The turning of steam turbine stops. The seal oil system should not stop when the rotor rotates,
otherwise, it may damage the sealing pad.
14.4.2 Shutdown of seal oil system
14.4.2.1 Release interlocking of standby AC seal oil pump and DC seal oil pump;
14.4.2.2 Shut down the seal oil vacuum pump;
14.4.2.3 Shut down the operating seal oil pump and confirm the recirculating seal oil pump stops by
interlock.
14.4.3 Precautions for seal oil shutdown
14.4.3.1 Check the oil level of vacuum oil tank after seal oil system stops operation.
14.4.3.2 Check the oil level of seal oil vacuum pump separator after seal oil system stops operation.
14.4.3.3 If two sets of AC main seal oil pumps in the seal oil system stop operation, the vacuum pump
should also stop operation.
14.4.3.4 If the shutdown time of two sets of AC main seal oil pumps exceeds 4 h, close the oil inlet valve of
vacuum oil tank to prevent overfeed oil in the vacuum oil tank. (The ball valve of seal oil vacuum oil tank
has certain leakage quantity, that is, the oil level will rise about 70mm every 4h)
14.5 Change-over of main seal oil pump
14.5.1 Full check that the standby main seal oil pump is in good standby making if is of startup conditions.
14.5.2 Check that the oil level of seal oil vacuum case is normal and is at the vacuum oil tank horizontal
center line and within 60 mm above the horizontal center line.
14.5.3 Check and confirm that main unit lubricating oil system operates normally.
14.5.4 Check and confirm that the inlet and outlet valves of standby main seal oil pump are opened.
14.5.5 Close the outlet valve of standby seal oil pump.
14.5.6 Start up the standby main seal oil pump to check its vibration, sound, outlet pressure, etc. is normal
and open the outlet valve.
14.5.7 Close the outlet valve of originally operating main seal oil pump and pay attention that the pressure
of seal oil mains is normal.
14.5.8 Shut down the originally operating main seal oil pump.
14.5.9 Open the outlet valve of shutdown main seal oil pump and put to standby.
174
14.6 Operation maintenance of seal oil vacuum pump
14.6.1 Please check if the nuclear and electric wiring is correct before starting up seal oil vacuum pump.
14.6.2 Check that the oil level of separator is within the permissible range before starting up the seal oil
vacuum pump.
14.6.3 Make an attempt to turning before starting up the seal oil vacuum pump to confirm that the vacuum
pump bearing has not jam and then spot check by inching that the pump rotates correctly.
14.6.4 Confirm that the solenoid valve operates normally during turning.
14.6.5 Confirm that the cooling water inlet and outlet manual valves of seal oil vacuum pump are opened.
14.6.6 Start up the vacuum pump to confirm that the bearing lubricating oil solenoid valve is opened, the
bearing oil pipe is smooth and the temperature rise of bearing is normal.
14.6.7 Properly open the steam purge valve at the pump terminal (when the vacuum in the vacuum oil tank
is >-93kpa, gradually open the steam purge valve at the pump terminal by taking the standard that the
vacuum will not decrease) during vacuum pump operation, at the same time, open the valves on the
overflow pipe to check that the it is smooth.
14.6.8 During the operation of vacuum pump, regularly check the oil level of vacuum pump. Check at least
once per day at the initial stages of pump operation and make up oil in time if the oil level is low. Observe
if the oil is emulsified, if it is, shut down the pump to replace oil or purify the oil.
14.6.9 Strengthen the checks to the inspecting window on the exhaust line during vacuum pump operation,
and drain them out if there is oil and water accumulation.
14.6.10 Start up the vacuum pump once to prevent rust and bearing lock during motor shutdown period.
Start up twice per day during summer and high temperature season with each startup time of about 20min.
it can also spray antirust agent from the pump inlet and then close the inlet and outlet valves to block out
the external air.
14.6.11 The oil-gas separator inside of vacuum pump should be regularly replaced with fresh oil and
cleaned to prevent deposit at the bottom of the separator, which may block the oil pipeline damaging the
pumps.
175
Chapter 15 Start and Stop of Generator Hydrogen System
15.1 Motor hydrogen cooling system
15.1.1 Checks and precautions before air replacement of motor
15.1.1.1 The seal oil system can operate reliably with oil hydrogen differential pressure at 0.056±0.02MPa
and the rotor in the static status (not performed during turning for the air consumption may increase).
15.1.1.2 Keep the air pressure between 0.02~0.03 MPa during air replacement.
15.1.1.3 The relevant instruments, meters and alarming devices are qualified verification and test.
15.1.1.4 Regularly exhaust the air of expands header and hydrogen moisture removal device in the seal oil
system by hand during air replacement and close them after exhausting.
15.1.1.5 Leakage test of motor is qualified.
15.1.1.6 The hot work in machine room has been finished and open flame near motor and hydrogen system
is forbidden.
15.1.1.7 Confirm that the test of seal oil differential pressure governing valve characteristics is qualified.
15.1.1.8 Check that the system valve switch status is correct and there is certain pressure inside the motor.
15.1.1.9 Inform the hydrogen generation station to prepare sufficient hydrogen before charging hydrogen.
Confirm that hydrogen supply is stopped before discharging hydrogen and put the baffle at the hydrogen
mains valve. There is sufficient CO2 for air replacement on site and the purity test is qualified.
15.1.1.10 During air replacement, when the casing pressure is lower than 50kPa, the oil level of ball valve
box (float gas collecting device cannot control automatically under LP status) should be raised. Then the
ball valve box bypass valve should be opened. If the oil level should decrease when the casing pressure
rises, decrease the opening of ball valve box bypass valve until it is fully closed.
15.1.1.11 Slowly switch manually when in hydrogen system valve operation and use copper spanner in
special circumstances. Prevent the hydrogen getting out of the valve suddenly, which may cause fire
disaster during operation.
15.2 Replace the air in the motor with CO2.
15.2.1 Close the blowdown and sampling valves of motor air vent pipe.
15.2.2 Check and close the master valves from #1 and #2 hydrogen make-up mains to the unit.
15.2.3 Check and close the front and rear intercept valves of hydrogen pressure reducing valve.
15.2.4 Check and open the gas master valve of CO2 mains.
15.2.5 Open the front intercept valve of CO2 supply screen.
15.2.6 Check and open the valve from CO2 pressure reducing valve to gas analyzer.
15.2.7 Check and open the hydrogen replacement control valve and the air inlet valve to motor bottom.
15.2.8 Slowly open the shunt valves of CO2 cylinder.
176
15.2.9 Open and adjust the CO2 supply intercept valve and air replacement exhausting master valve to keep
the pressure inside the motor between 0.02~0.03MPa and pay attention that the seal oil pressure is
56±2Kpa higher than the pressure inside the motor.
15.2.10 Open the seal oil expansion tank gas discharge valve and close it if the CO2 purity is qualified.
15.2.11 Open the air vent valve of H2 dryer and inlet valve of H2 dryer, open the air vent valve of motor
operating condition analyzer and close the air vent valves if the CO2 purity is qualified.
15.2.12 Open the H2 dryer discharge valve and open the discharge valve of oil-water detector and discharge
valve of motor operating condition analyzer when the CO2 purity inside the motor reaches above 90% and
close them 5min later.
15.2.13 Confirm that the air inlet isolating valve of H2 dryer is tightly closed and is isolated from the
compressed air connecting pipe.
15.2.14 Confirm that the CO2 purity inside the motor reaches above 95%, close the CO2 supply intercept
valve and master valve of air supply pipe, H2 replacement valve and air replacement exhausting master
valve.
15.2.15 Close the shunt valves and master valve of CO2 cylinder and keep the emergency valve at standby.
15.3 Replace the CO2 in motor with H2.
15.3.1 Cut the power of H2 purity meter and power on again when the H2 purity reaches above 90%.
15.3.2 Confirm that the air inlet isolating valve of H2 dryer is tightly closed and is isolated from the
compressed air connecting pipe.
15.3.3 Confirm that when the CO2 purity inside the motor reaches above 85% and the pressure inside the
motor reaches 0.02~0.03 MPa, the hydrogen can be used to replace the CO2 inside the motor.
15.3.4 Check and close blow down valve of exhaust pipe
15.3.5 Report to the shift engineer, hydrogen supply is contacted by hydrogen generation station.
15.3.6 Open H2 pressure reducing valve front intercept valve, check that H2 pressure reducing valve behind
intercept valve is opened.
15.3.7 Adjust H2 pressure reducing valve outlet pressure to make the pressure of hydrogen supply mains
more than 50KPa.
15.3.8 Check and confirm that the control valve from H2 to replacement valve is tightly closed.
15.3.9 Open the CO2 replacement valve.
15.3.10 Open and adjust air replacement exhaust master valve, maintain the pressure of inner generator at
0.02~0.03 MPa, pay attention that the control valve of seal oil differential pressure is in normal operation to
make seal oil pressure higher than generator inside pressure 56±2KPa.
15.3.11 Open and adjust H2 control panel air exhaust valve and close air exhaust valve after H2 purity is
qualified.
15.3.12 When H2 purity in the generator is above 80%, open the air discharge valves of seal oil expansion
tank and H2 dryer, open the discharge valve of motor operating condition analyzer and the valve from H2
dryer outlet to hydrogen supply pipe and close it after H2 purity is qualified, pay attention to monitor the oil
177
level change of float valve tank.
15.3.13 When H2 purity in the generator reaches more than 90%, open H2 dryer discharge valve for 3min
and then close it.
15.3.14 Power on the H2 purity meter on H2 control panel.
15.3.15 Open and adjust the master valve of H2 analyzer flow meter, and put H2 purity meter into operation.
15.3.16 Close the air replacement exhaust master valve, CO2 replacement valve and blow down valve of
generator discharge pipe when H2 purity in the generator is above 98%,.
15.3.17 Raise H2 pressure inside the generator to about 370KPa as required, then stop making up hydrogen,
close the front and rear intercept valves of H2 pressure reducing valve and make good records of hydrogen
filling quantity.
15.4 Replace H2 with CO2 in the generator
15.4.1 Close the hydrogen make-up valve from hydrogen mains to generator.
15.4.2 Open H2 replacement valve, slightly open blow down valve of generator air discharge pipe and close
them when there is no oil or water.
15.4.3 Gradually open the master valve of air replacement and exhaust, reduce the H2 pressure in the
generator to 0.02~0.03 MPa slowly. The oil level of ball valve box (hydrogen collector) will rise when
hydrogen pressure reduces to be low, at this moment, gradually open the bypass valve of ball valve box
(hydrogen collector).
15.4.4 Open the valve from displacement control valve to air replacement analyzer.
15.4.5 Open the intercept valve and master valve of CO2 air supply pipe.
15.4.6 Slowly open all the shunt valves of CO2 CYLINDER in turn.
15.4.7 Adjust the front intercept valve of CO2 supply and air replacement master vent valve to keep the
pressure in the generator 0.02~0.03 MPa and pay attention to monitor the oil level change of ball valve box.
15.4.8 Open the air discharge valve of seal oil expansion tank, which will be closed after CO2 purity is
qualified.
15.4.9 Open H2 dryer air discharge valve, close it after CO2 purity is qualified.
15.4.10 When CO2 purity in the generator is above 95%, open H2 dryer discharge valve and open the
discharge valve of oil water detector, which should be all closed 5min later.
15.4.11 Close H2 replacement valve, each shunt valve and master valve of CO2 cylinder, the intercept valve
of CO2 supply and the master valve of CO2 supply pipe.
15.4.12 Open the air inlet valve of compressed air to introduce compressed air into the generator until the
replacement process is finished.
15.5 Monitor and maintenance of hydrogen cooling system during the operation of generator.
15.5.1 Hydrogen pressure in the generator should be kept at 416~450KPa when the generator is in normal
operation, alarm of high or low hydrogen pressure will be sent out when hydrogen pressure is higher than
471KPa or less than 416KPa. Air vent valve can be opened to exhaust some H2 when hydrogen pressure is
178
over high to make hydrogen pressure reduce to normal value. Make up hydrogen to the generator when
hydrogen pressure is less than 416KPa, generally, hydrogen make-up should not be larger than 19 m3/day,
find out the leakage if it is beyond this limit value.
15.5.2 Alarm signal of low hydrogen purity value I is sent out when H2 purity is lower than 92% and alarm
signal of low hydrogen purity value II is sent out when H2 purity is lower than 90%. Generally, hydrogen
humidity is lower than 2.0g/m3, hydrogen dew-point temperature is not higher than -7℃, which is normally
maintained at -14℃~-25℃. Blow down and check the operating condition of hydrogen dryer or make up
H2 to generator in order to improve the purity and reduce humidity when the purity and humidity are
unqualified.
15.5.3 H2 dryer should be put into operation in the normal operation of generator; the circulating blower
should be also put into operation at the same time when hydrogen dryer is put into operation when the unit
is shut down or in turning condition.
15.5.4 The hydrogen cooling system and seal oil system should be in normal operation when generator is in
normal operation and special attention should be paid that seal oil pressure is constantly higher than the
hydrogen pressure in the generator 56±2KPa.
15.5.5 Four sets of hydrogen cooler should be put into operation when the generator is in normal operation.
One set of hydrogen cooler drops out and the generator load is limited to 80% of rated load.
15.5.6 In normal operation, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve of first stage reduces to below 2.5MPa
and that of the second stage reduces to the pressure required, however, the inlet pressure of pressure
reducing valve generally cannot be lower than 0.6MPa.
15.5.7 The operating value of pressure reducing valve rear safety valve is 0. 5~0.53MPa and the blowdown
pressure of safety valve is 0.456MPa.
15.6 Start and stop of hydrogen cooler
15.6.1 Close water discharge valve of water inlet and outlet pipe of cooler, open air discharge valve of
cooler.
15.6.2 Slightly open the water inlet valves of #1, #2, #3 and #4 hydrogen coolers, close air discharge valve
when there is water in the cooler air vent pipe.
15.6.3 Fully open the inlet manual valves of #1, #2, #3 and #4 hydrogen coolers.
15.6.4 Fully open the outlet manual valves of #1, #2, #3 and #4 hydrogen coolers, close bypass valve and
adjust the cooling water quantity to 5~10% of rated flow by outlet adjusting valve.
15.6.5 Switch the temperature regulating valve of H2 cooler to “AUTO” according to the cooling hydrogen
temperature before synchronization of generator.
15.6.6 Keep the cooling hydrogen temperature of generator at 35~46℃ and hot hydrogen temperature
≤65℃ in the normal operation.
15.6.7 After the generator stops operating, reduce hydrogen cooling water flow rate set that the hydrogen
cooler can be stopped only after operating for 15h with 50% of rated value.
15.7 Operation of emergency hydrogen discharge
15.7.1 Confirm and close the rear intercept valve of H2 pressure reducing valve.
179
15.7.2 Open H2 replacement valve.
15.7.3 Open the master valve of air replacement and exhaust to reduce the H2 pressure in the generator to
50KPa, pay attention that the seal oil differential pressure regulating valve operates normally and maintain
that the seal oil pressure is 56±2KPa higher than the pressure in the generator.
15.7.4 Open CO2 supply intercept valve and the master valve of CO2 supply pipe as required.
15.7.5 Open each shunt valve and master valve of CO2 cylinder, fill the generator with CO2, drain off
hydrogen H2 until it is qualified. Other operations of air replacement are carried out as required after it is
qualified.
15.8 Faults and treatment of hydrogen cooling system of generator
15.8.1 Emergency shutdown should be done and hydrogen should be drained off when the generator is
fumed or catches fire or there is hydrogen explosion.
15.8.2 Exhaust make-up hydrogen when the hydrogen purity in the generator is lower than 98% in the
operation of generator. Confirm that there is no flame operation nearby the sewage draining outlet in
blowdown. Operation should be done slowly to prevent explosion and fire that may be caused by static.
15.8.3 The working condition of hydrogen cooler should be checked if the hydrogen temperature is
abnormal. Adjust the temperature by bypass valve manually and contact for treatment if automatic
adjusting of hydrogen temperature fails.
15.8.4 One set of hydrogen cooler is shut down for faults, the unit load decreases to be 80% of rated load,
supervise the temperature of stator core and coil of generator closely.
15.8.5 When the hydrogen purity detector has fault, inform the relative personnel immediately for treatment
and contact chemical personnel to sample and analyze the hydrogen purity once every 4 hours until the
hydrogen purity detector is recovered and can be put into operation normally.
15.8.6 When the hydrogen pressure in the generator decreases or hydrogen leakage occurs, find out the
causes immediately and take all efforts to find out the causes of large hydrogen leakage and hydrogen
pressure reducing for treatment.
15.8.7 Shut down for emergency and discharge hydrogen when seal oil is stopped.
15.8.8 Normal oil hydrogen differential pressure cannot be maintained due to low seal oil pressure. Take all
efforts to adjust it to be normal or open more standby pumps; if the seal oil pressure cannot be raised,
operate by reducing hydrogen pressure. Control the load according to the corresponding curve of hydrogen
pressure and load when the hydrogen pressure reduces.
15.8.9 Leakage from each measuring lead of broken pipe, valve flange and generator may cause slight
hydrogen leakage. Deal with this problem in the precondition that normal operation of the unit is not
influenced, if not, ask for shutdown treatment.
15.8.10 Inform the shift engineer immediately for shutdown when sealing pad or lead-out bushing of
generator are broken.
15.8.11 Close each valve closely immediately and make up hydrogen to normal hydrogen pressure when
operating with mistake or hydrogen drain valve and blowdown valve are not closed closely,.
15.8.12 Find out the causes for treatment and inform the shift engineer when hydrogen cooler is found for
180
leakage, shut down for treatment if necessary.
15.8.13 When hydrogen leaks in the workshop, open all the doors and windows in the relevant areas and
start up the blower fan on the roof to reinforce aeration and perflation and prohibit all the fire work.
15.8.14 Cooling water inlet temperature of generator hydrogen cooler should be not > 33℃ and should be
controlled below 38℃ in normal operation.
181
Chapter 16 Start and Stop of Generator Stator Cooling Water System
16.1 Start conditions of stator cooling water system
16.1.1 Check that recovery is completed according to the startup checking procedure system of stator
cooling water system.
16.1.2 Interlock test of stator cooling water pump is qualified and other tests are finished and qualified.
16.1.3 Check that the instrument compressed air system has been put into operation.
16.1.4 Control power supply and utility power supply have been powered on; instruments and alarm
devices have been put into operation.
16.1.5 Resin is added on the ion exchanger.
16.1.6 Open the make-up water valve of CDPW to make up the water tank to normal water level by passing
through ion exchanger after make-up water test of stator cooling water tank is qualified.
16.1.7 Demineralized water system has been into normal operation and the opened circulating cooling
water system is in normal operation.
16.2 Startup of stator cooling water pump
16.2.1 Start up the stator cooling water pump and check that the vibration, sound and each bearing
temperature is normal.
16.2.2 Open the outlet valve and check that outlet pressure is normal, close the air vent valves when there is
water in the air vent valves of stator cooling water cooler and ion exchanger, monitor the stator water inlet
pressure of generator is at 0.196MPa and adjust make-up water valve of water tank to make the water level
normal.
16.2.3 After the system is in normal operation, start the outlet valve of the other stator cooling water pump
and put it into standby.
16.2.4 Put the electric heater into operation when required to adjust that the cooling water temperature of
generator inlet is normal.
16.2.5 Put the cooling water system of stator water cooler into operation.
16.3 Operation maintenance of stator cooling water system
16.3.1 Check that the water level of stator water tank is about 60mm above the center line of water tank.
16.3.2 Check that the inlet water pressure of stator cooling water system of generator is about 196 KPa and
inlet water flow rate is > 1520L/min.
16.3.3 Check that supply water temperature and return water temperature of stator cooling water system is
normal, supply water temperature is at 40~45℃ and return water temperature is not larger than 73℃.
16.3.4 Check that inlet water electrical conductivity of stator cooling water system is < 0.5μΩ/cm.
16.3.5 Check that the make-up water screen differential pressure, ion exchanger backwater screen
differential pressure, generator stator cooling water inlet screen differential pressure and back flush screen
differential pressure are < 55KPa.
182
16.3.6 When make-up water pressure is checked for more than 600~700 KPa, make-up water is entered the
system via pressure reducing valve and the make-up water flow is not more than 250L/min.
16.3.7 Check that the water flow rate entering the ion exchanger is about 250L/min and maintain the
maximum differential pressure of stator cooling water screen at 0.25MPa.
16.4 Change-over of stator cooling water pump
16.4.1 Check that oil level of bearing oil cup of standby stator cooling water pump is normal and oil quality
is good.
16.4.2 Close the outlet valve of standby stator cooling water pump.
16.4.3 Start up standby pump and check that motor and pump vibration, sound, temperature and current are
normal.
16.4.4 Open the outlet valve of standby pump, and check that the pressure of stator cooling water mains is
normal.
16.4.5Close the outlet valve of original operating stator cooling water pump and pay attention that stator
cooling water mains pressure is normal.
16.4.6 Stop the original operating stator cooling water pump.
16.4.7 Open the outlet valve of stop operating pump and put into standby as required.
16.5 Stop of stator cooling water pump
16.5.1 Switch the interlock switch of standby stator cooling water pump to RELEASE.
16.5.2 Stop the operation of stator cooling water pump.
16.5.3. If stator cooling water pump should be checked after shutdown, cut off the motor, close the inlet
valve and outlet valve of pump and drain out the water to eliminate pressure.
16.6 Treatment for stator cooling water system faults:
When stator cooling water pressure is low, first check the working conditions of system, operating pump
and screen etc. and find out the causes and take the corresponding measures, and reverse standby pump if
necessary. When stator cooling water pressure of generator inlet reduces to 110KPa, alarm signal of low
inlet water pressure is sent out.
Alarm signal is sent out when stator water inlet temperature of generator >50℃. At this moment, do not
reduce the output of generator and find out the causes for necessary treatment if water outlet temperature
and stator coil temperature does not exceed the rated value. When stator cooling water outlet temperature
reaches 73℃, send out alarm signal and reduce the output of generator. When water outlet temperature
reaches 78℃, start up water-break protection. If protection of generator doesn’t operate, parallel off the
generator by hand immediately.
Alarm signal for low inlet water flow is sent out when stator coil inlet water flow of generator reaches
1200L/min; start up water-break protection of generator，trip generator .
Make up water to normal water level when water level of stator cooling water tank is low (100mm below
the center line of water tank).
Maintain stator cooling water inlet electrical conductivity < 0.5μs/cm in operation, send out alarm signal
183
when stator cooling water inlet electrical conductivity is equal to 0.5μs/cm and trip by hand when inlet
electrical conductivity is equal to 9.9μs/cm. Send out alarm signal when ion exchanger outlet electrical
conductivity is equal to 0.5μs/cm and regenerate ion exchanger when it reaches 1.5μs/cm.
Take all efforts to isolate the leakage and contact related personnel for treatment when there is leakage in
the system pipeline, valve, flange and water cooler etc.
184
Chapter 17 Start and Stop of Oil Purifying Device
17.1 Structure:
QYJB type oil purifying device is mainly made up of oil inlet valve, coarse strainer, coalescing separator,
oil inlet pump, oil outlet pump, heater, vacuum separation tank, condenser, vacuum pump, secondary filter,
ultra-fine filter, absorption regenerator, sampling valve, delivery valve, return valve, check valve, on-site
measurement and control equipment solenoid valve and automatic control tank etc.
17.2 Performance parameter:
Model: QYJB-12
Working pressure: ≤0.5MPa
Nominal flow rate: 12m3/h
Filter precision: ≤1μm
Working temperature: 20—75℃
Water content in the oil after the treatment: ≤10mg/L
Air content of detergent oil: ≤0.2%
Operation mode: Operate continuously or discontinuously and under positive or negative pressure.
Slag off mode: Manual (or automatic)
Kinematic viscosity: ≤1.3X fresh oil standard value (50℃)
Acid value: ≤0.3mg/g
Flash point: ≥1800C
Appearance of oiliness: Transparent
Filter efficiency: 99.9% (filter efficiency is the percentage between oil quantity passed through the screen
and the total treated oil quantity)
Oil granularity: operating oil NAS1638≤9 order or MOOG≤6 order
Impurity content of outlet oil quality reaches 7th order of NAS standard and 4th order of SAE standard.
Sound level: ≤80dB (A)
17.3 Operating principle and mode
QYJB mode oil purifying device is divided into vacuum separation mode and coalescence separation mode,
different separation mode is adopted when steam turbine oil is under different condition. The vacuum
separation mode and coalescence separation mode will be introduced as follows respectively:
(I) Vacuum separation mode
The vacuum separation mode (see the functional diagram) is adopted when steam turbine should be made
up with fresh oil or steam turbine unit is put into operation again after overhaul. At this moment, oil inlet
valve, coarse strainer, heater, solenoid valve vacuum separation tank, condenser, vacuum pump, oil outlet
pump, check valve, absorption regenerator, secondary filter, ultra-fine filter and delivery valve will operate.
185
Pay attention to observe the oil level condition in the vacuum tank to ensure the oil level in the middle
upper part of lower-vision hole when oil enter under this separation mode, if oil level is lower than the
middle part of lower-vision hole, adjust the gate valve on the oil inlet pipeline of vacuum tank to increase
oil inlet quantity.
(II) Coalescence separation mode
Sample from sampling valve to test the oil after operate under vacuum separation mode for some time. Stop
the operation of vacuum separation mode for the operation of coalescence separation mode when the test
results of oil sampling satisfy the requirements of steam turbine operating. At this moment, oil inlet valve,
coarse strainer, solenoid valve, oil inlet pump, coalescing separator, water drain valve, check valve,
absorption regenerator, secondary filter, ultra-fine filter and delivery valve will operate.
The coalescence separation mode must be used when the equipment need online operation.
17.4 Start of oil purifying device
17.4.1 Check before start
17.4.1.1 Open the electrical cabinet to check if the fuse inside are complete and electrical connections get
loose and electrical element are wet and broken, remove all the electrical impurities.
17.4.1.2 Check if the bolts and nuts of each connecting part get loose, if they are, tighten up before using.
17.4.1.3 Check if the pump oil level is in proper position before the startup of vacuum pump.
17.4.1.4 General power and ground protection are connected.
17.4.1.5 This unit is connected with the hose of oil storage container that should be purified, the inner sides
of connected pipeline must be cleaned and the liquid level of oil storage container should not be 500mm
lower than the inlet pipe of this unit.
17.4.2 Start oil purifying device
17.4.2.1 Coalescence separation system
Operators open the general oil inlet valve and oil outlet valve. Oil inlet pump and oil inlet solenoid valve
are controlled by PLC. Open the oil-gas separation switch on the control cabinet panel and in the
meanwhile, start up the oil inlet pump to enter oil-gas separation working process. Start up the STOP
switch to stop this system from continuing to work.
17.4.2.2 Vacuum separation system
This system is mainly made up of vacuum pump, vacuum oil inlet solenoid valve, oil drain pump and
vacuum system, which is controlled automatically by vacuum switch and stop switch on the control cabinet
panel via PLC. Operators open the master oil inlet valve and oil outlet valve. Start up the vacuum switch;
system starts up the vacuum pump at first, the vacuum oil inlet solenoid valve will be opened for the
entrance of oil, which will enter the vacuum tank passing through the heater when the vacuum degree rises
gradually to about 0.08MPa after the vacuum extraction (in the meanwhile oil inlet and outlet solenoid
valves are opened) delays for 20s; oil drain pump will start automatically to drain oil when oil level reaches
the middle of part of low-vision hole (about 1min). When the system is in normal vacuum oil filtering
condition, rotate the stop switch on the panel to stop the working of vacuum system.
Notes: the oil-gas separation system cannot be started up when vacuum system is in operation. And the
vacuum system or manual oil return system cannot be started up either when oil-gas separation system is in
186
operation. (Vacuum system and oil-gas separation system are self-locking for each other).
17.4.2.3 Oil return system
When oil-gas separation system or vacuum system has faults and should be inspected, oil in the equipment
should be drained out to start oil return system. Open the oil outlet valve and open the manual oil return
switch on the panel, the oil return system will work automatically, and then open the vacuum pump and
start oil drain pump after delaying for about 1min, in the meanwhile, the return oil solenoid valve should be
opened while the oil-gas separation solenoid valve and vacuum oil inlet solenoid valve should not be
opened. If the oil in the vacuum tank is not drained out, start the oil drain pump to drain out oil manually.
17.4.2.4 Differential pressure alarm of coarse filter and secondary filter blocking
Coalescence separation and vacuum separation system can stop working automatically after alarm. Open
the coarse filter and secondary filter to take out the filter element and install again after cleaning in the coal
oil.
17.4.2.5 Shut down to drain off the accumulated water at the bottom of coalescing separator after oil
purifying is finished.
17.5 Operation maintenance of oil purifying device
17.5.1 Regularly check the oil level change of its oil level meter when the oil purifying device is put into
operation continuously.
17.5.2 Pay attention to check that oil level of each oil tank, especially the main oil tank and low-power
turbine oil tank, is normal to strictly prevent oil overflow and oil leakage.
17.5.3 The check and maintenance of oil transfer pump is the same as that of general motor and pump.
17.5.4 The minimum oil level of main oil tank should not be lower than -50mm and oil level of low-power
turbine oil tank cannot be lower than the middle position during the operation of oil purifying device,
otherwise, find out the causes and make up oil to the oil tank immediately.
17.5.5 Check the pressure indication of pressure gauge once every shift and adjust the throttle valve to
make the automatic back wash device operate normally.
17.5.6 When oil differential pressure of secondary filter inlet valve and outlet valve reaches 0.35MPa,
differential pressure signal generator will send out alarm signal and oil transfer pump will stop; stop oil
purifying device immediately and contact maintenance personnel to replace filter element.
17.5.7 Listen to the working condition of automatic flushing device of automatic back wash oil filter
regularly, it will send out clear sound of “Crack" with the frequency of 60~100/min when it is in normal
operation, if there is no sound, it means that the automatic back wash filter device is abnormal, therefore,
inform the maintenance personnel for check and treatment.
17.5.8 Close the oil inlet valve from main oil tank or low-power turbine oil tank to the oil purifying device
immediately and completely isolate the purified oil tank from the oil purifying device when there is any
fault in the operation of oil purifying device.
17.5.9 When main unit and single low-power turbine should be made up with oil, stop the oil purifying
device and completely isolate it from the main unit or low-power turbine oil tank before oil make-up. Oil
make-up can only carried out for single oil tank, therefore, pay attention to isolate it from other oil tanks.
187
Chapter 18 Start and Stop of Hydrogen Moisture Removal Device
18.1 Start of moisture removal device
18.1.1 Check that all the pipeline joints and nuts etc. of moisture removal device are not loosened and
leaking. Refrigerant has been put into the compressor.
18.1.2 Open the hydrogen inlet and outlet valves from generator to moisture removal device.
18.1.3 There are two running modes of moisture removal device: single unit running and double units
combined running.
18.1.4 Power on the device on the local control cabinet panel and choose “Single unit operation” mode.
18.1.4.1 Press the button “ON” of the device, the indicator light of operation will light, and then put the
moisture removal device into operation. Press the ON button again within 3min after the operating moisture
removal device stops; the equipment does not start up in order to prevent the equipment from damaging due
to frequent operations.
18.1.4.2 Operation process: start up the equipment, the compressor will work at first and then the hydrogen
inlet solenoid valve will open (normally open valve, it will close after powered on), about 3h later, the
compressor will stop; After 8min, open the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve, the defrosting electric heater is
powered on for heating and defrosting, and when the temperature in the cooler rises to 2℃, the defrosting
will be finished, the heating mechanical equivalent will stop and the compressor will start up again;
hydrogen inlet solenoid valve will open after the compressor operates for 8min and the compressor will
stop working 3h later, the operation process is repeated in this way.
18.1.5 Power on the device on the local control cabinet panel and choose “Dual operation” mode.
18.1.5.1 Two sets of equipment will remove the moisture by turns after they are connected by shielding
wire as electric connection to make the dehumidification work continuous.
18.1.5.2 Operation process: compressor A works, hydrogen inlet solenoid valve is opened and hydrogen
inlet solenoid valve of compressor B is closed. Compressor A stops working and compressor B starts up
after operating for about 3 hours. 8min later, the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve of compressor A is closed,
heater is powered on for heating and defrosting and hydrogen inlet solenoid valve of compressor B is
opened. Defrosting will be finished and heating will be stopped when the temperature in the cooler of
compressor A rises to 2℃. Compressor B stops working after operating for 3h and in the meanwhile
compressor A starts up. 8m later, solenoid valve of compressor B is closed, heater is powered on for
defrosting and the solenoid valve of compressor A is opened at the same time. Dehumidification is repeated
in this way.
18.1.5.3 If one set of unit has fault in the dual operation, the faulted unit will have corresponding indication
and stop operation, the online indicator of the other unit will be off and switch to single unit operating
automatically.
18.1.5.4 If one unit should be stopped in the dual operation, just press the STOP button of this unit, and
then its operating indicator light will be off and online indicator light will be off and stop operating, close
the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve, the online solenoid valve of the other unit will be off and switch to single
unit operating; if the unit should be put into operation once more, press the START button again after 3
min.
188
18.1.5.5 If one unit should be dropped out in dual operation, cut off the three-phase power supply of this
unit and close the hydrogen inlet and outlet valves, then the other unit will switch to single unit operating
automatically.
18.1.5.6 If one set should be inspected in the dual operation while the other one should be in operation, cut
off any two online wires of the five online wires to break off online and close the hydrogen inlet and outlet
valves of this unit.
18.1.5.7 If the online indicator light is off, it means online is failed, at this moment, only single unit
operation is allowed and it is prohibited to start up and operate two units at the same time.
18.2 Operation maintenance of moisture removal device
18.2.1 The three-phase mains switch should be switched off immediately and put into operation again after
maintenance when the abnormity indicator light is on or flashes in the operation of equipment.
18.2.2 Check the sight glass oil level of compressor regularly to make sure that the oil level is not lower
than the minimum oil level or higher than 2/3 of height, otherwise, make up or drain off oil.
18.2.3 Check that the compressor and cooling air fan etc. are in normal operation and each part has no
water leakage, hydrogen leakage and oil leakage phenomenon.
18.2.4 Check the electrical control system regularly.
18.3 Stop of moisture removal device
18.3.1 Stop the operation of hydrogen moisture removal device after the generator parallels off.
18.3.2 Press “STOP” button of the device.
18.3.3 The device is powered off.
18.3.4 Close hydrogen inlet and outlet valves of the device as required.
189
Chapter 19 Start and Stop of Pump in Integrated Water Pump House
19.1 Check before water pump startup
19.1.1 Confirm the maintenance of water pump is finished and the operating tickets are finished.
19.1.2 Confirm the interlock test between water pumps is qualified.
19.1.3 Check each water discharge valve of system has been closed and front pool water level of integrated
water pump house is normal.
19.1.4 Contact the on-duty personnel of water head site to start up at least one set feed water pump of water
head site at least and check and confirm that the feed plant pipe of water head site has been put into
operation and feed water pressure of feed water pipeline is normal.
19.1.5 Check that the inlet valves of industrial water pump, domestic water pump, circulating water
make-up pump, air preheater wash-water pump are opened and water filling of pump is finished.
19.1.6 Confirm that the interlock switches of industrial water pump, circulating water make-up pump,
domestic water pump, air preheater wash-water pump are in RELEASE position.
19.2 Start and stop of industrial water pump
19.2.1 Confirm the maintenance of industrial water pump is finished and the operating tickets are finished.
19.2.2 Open the inlet valve and outlet valve of industrial water pump.
19.2.3 Power on the motor of industrial water pump.
19.2.4 Start up industrial water pump and check that its vibration and sound is normal.
19.2.5 Inform all the industrial water users to prepare for the cutting off the water supply when industrial
water pump should be stopped.
19.2.6 Close the outlet valves of operating and standby industrial water pumps.
19.2.7 Stop the industrial water pump.
19.2.8 If the industrial water pump needs maintenance after shutdown, cut off its motor power supply.
19.3 Change-over of industrial water pump
19.3.1 Check that the standby pump is in good standby and of startup conditions.
19.3.2 Check and confirm that the inlet valve and outlet valve of standby pump is opened.
19.3.3 Start up the standby pump and check that its vibration, sound and outlet pressure etc. are normal.
19.3.4 Close the outlet valve of original operating pump after an overall inspection that it is normal.
19.3.5 Open the outlet valve of original operating pump to put into standby.
19.4 Start of circulating water make-up pump
19.4.1 Confirm the maintenance of circulating water make-up pump is finished and the operating tickets are
finished.
190
19.4.2 Check and confirm that the inlet valve from reservoir to circulating water make-up pump is opened.
19.4.3 Check and close the outlet valve of circulating water make-up pump.
19.4.4 Power on the motor of circulating water make-up pump.
19.4.5 Start up the circulating water make-up pump and check the vibration, sound and current are normal
and the indications of remote flow rate and pressure are normal.
19.4.6 Check that outlet valve of circulating water make-up pump is opened automatically and pay
attention that its outlet pressure is normal.
19.4.7. Put circulating water make-up pump interlock into operation correctly after an overall inspection
that it is normal.
19.4.8 Open the outlet valve of circulating water make-up pump as required.
19.5 Stop of circulating water make-up pump
19.5.1 Confirm the circulating water make-up pump has the conditions for cutting off the water supply.
19.5.2 Release the interlock switch of circulating water make-up pump.
19.5.3 Close the outlet valve of circulating water make-up pump.
19.5.4 Stop the circulating water make-up pump.
19.5.5 If the circulating water make-up pump should be maintained after shutdown, close its inlet valve and
cut off its motor power supply.
19.6 Start and stop of domestic water pump
19.6.1 Confirm the maintenance of domestic water pump is finished and the operating tickets are finished.
19.6.2 Open the inlet valve of domestic water pump.
19.6.3 Power on the motor of domestic water pump.
19.6.4 Close the outlet valve of domestic water pump.
19.6.5. Start up the domestic water pump and check that its vibration and sound is normal.
19.6.6 Slowly open the outlet valve of domestic water pump.
19.6.7 Inform all the domestic water users to prepare for cutting off the water supply when the domestic
water pump should be stopped.
19.6.8 Stop the domestic water pump.
19.6.9 If the domestic water pump should be maintained after shutdown, cut off its motor power supply and
close the inlet valve of domestic water pump.
19.7 Change-over of domestic water pump
19.7.1 Check that standby pump is in good standby and is of startup conditions.
19.7.2 Check and confirm that inlet valve of standby pump is opened.
19.7.3 Close the outlet valve of standby pump.
191
19.7.4 Start up standby pump and check its vibration, sound and outlet pressure etc. are normal.
19.7.5 Slowly open the outlet valve of standby pump.
19.7.6 Close the outlet valve of original operating pump after an overall inspection that it is normal.
19.7.7 Stop the original operating pump.
19.7.8 Open the outlet valve of original operating pump to put into standby.
192
Appendixes
Appendix 1: Pressure [p] & temperature [th] comparison table between saturated water
and steam
P th P th P th P th P th
MPa ℃ MPa ℃ MPa ℃ MPa ℃ MPa ℃
0.0015 13.036 0.07 89.595 0.31 134.66 1.4 195.04 4.6 258.75
0.002 17.513 0.08 93.512 0.32 135.75 1.5 198.29 4.8 261.37
0.0025 21.096 0.09 96.713 0.33 136.82 1.6 201.37 5.0 263.91
0.003 24.1 0.1 99.683 0.34 137.87 1.7 204.31 5.5 269.93
0.0035 26.694 0.11 102.32 0.35 138.87 1.8 207.11 6.0 275.55
0.004 28.963 0.12 104.8 0.36 139.86 1.9 209.80 6.5 280.82
0.0045 31.035 0.13 107.13 0.37 140.78 2.0 212.37 7.0 285.79
0.005 32.898 0.14 109.32 0.38 141.71 2.1 214.85 7.5 290.50
0.006 36.183 0.15 111.37 0.39 142.62 2.2 217.24 8.0 294.97
0.007 39.025 0.16 113.32 0.40 143.62 2.3 219.55 8.5 299.23
0.008 41.534 0.17 115.17 0.41 144.52 2.4 221.78 9.0 303.21
0.009 43.787 0.18 116.93 0.42 145.39 2.5 223.94 9.5 307.21
0.01 45.833 0.19 118.62 0.43 146.25 2.6 226.04 10.0 310.96
0.011 47.71 0.20 120.23 0.44 147.09 2.7 228.07 11 318.05
0.012 49.446 0.21 121.78 0.45 147.84 2.8 230.05 12 324.65
0.013 51.062 0.22 123.27 0.5 151.84 2.9 231.97 13 330.83
0.014 52.574 0.23 124.71 0.6 158.84 3.0 233.84 14 336.64
0.015 53.997 0.24 126.09 0.7 164.96 3.2 237.45 15 342.13
0.02 60.86 0.25 127.43 0.8 170.41 3.4 240.88 16 347.33
0.025 64.992 0.26 128.73 0.9 175.36 3.6 244.16 17 352.26
0.03 69.124 0.27 129.98 1.0 179.88 3.8 247.31 18 356.96
0.04 75.886 0.28 131.20 1.1 184.07 4.0 250.33 19 361.43
0.05 81.345 0.29 132.39 1.2 187.96 4.2 253.24 20 365.70
0.06 85.945 0.30 133.54 1.3 191.61 4.4 256.05
193
Appendix 2: Cold startup (long shutdown) curve of IP cylinders
194
Appendix 3: Cold startup curve of IP cylinders
195
Appendix 4: Warm startup curve of IP cylinders
196
Appendix 5: Hot startup curve of IP cylinders
197
Appendix 6: Very hot startup curve of IP cylinders
198
Appendix 7: Description of cylinder switching area
199
Appendix 8: Cold startup (long shutdown) curve of HP Cylinders
200
Appendix 9: Cold startup curve of HP cylinder
201
Appendix 10: Warm startup curve of HP cylinder
202
Appendix 11: Hot startup curve of HP cylinder
203
Appendix 12: Very hot startup curve of HP cylinder
204

Turbine Operation Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Turbine Operation Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Turbine Operation Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the main components and equipment described in the manual?

What are the main components and equipment described in the manual?

What are the main steps involved in starting up the unit?

What are the main steps involved in starting up the unit?

KMPCL 6 x 600 MW Subcritical Coal-fired Power Plant Project

KSK Mahanadi Power Company Limited

SEPCO ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION CORP.

No. T-001 Turbine Operation Manual Total 207 pages

Turbine Operation Manual

Drafted by: Zhao Chuanchao

Reviewed by: Lin Xinli

Approved by: Li Mingda

Chapter 1 Specifications of Main Equipment

1.1 Specification of steam turbine equipment

Rated power: 600MW

New steam pressure: 16.67MPa

New steam temperature: 538℃

Reheat steam temperature: 538℃

Exhaust pressure: 10.3kPa

Rated speed: 3000r/min

Manufactured by: Dongfang Steam Turbine Works

1.2 Main technical parameters

Dependable power: (TMCR) 600MW

Rated pressure of main steam before main steam valve: 16.67MPa

Rated temperature of main steam before main steam valve: 538℃

Rated steam flow: 1877.9t/h

Reheat steam pressure before inlet valve: 3.468MPa

Reheat steam temperature before inlet valve: 538℃

Exhaust flow of HP cylinder: 1713.271t/h

Rated backpressure: 10.2kPa

Rated speed: 3000r/min

Final feed water temperature: 277.3℃

Length of the last blade of LP cylinder: 856mm

1.3 Description of steam turbine characteristics

1.3.5 Normal fluctuation range of frequency: 47.5 Hz~51.5 Hz;

1.3.10 Permitted load variation rate of unit is:

(1) 100%~50% MCR %/min5 %

1.4 Steam turbine overview

1.4.1 Brief introduction of steam turbine proper

1.4.1.2 Turning gear

1.4.1.3 Shaft seal steam supply system

1.4.1.4 Steam distributing mode

The steam distribution mode is complex (throttle + nozzle) mode.

1.4.2 Technical specification of governing system

1.4.3 Technical specification of steam turbine control system

1.4.3.1 This unit has two sets of mutually independent governor:

1.4.3.2 System function:

1.4.3.2.1 Governing function:

a. Speed rises to 110% of rated speed;

c. HP & IP cylinder differential expansion reaches +11.6 or -6.6 mm;

d. LP cylinder differential expansion reaches +30 mm;

e. Lubricating oil pressure is lower than 0.06MPa;

f. Pressure of the condenser decreases to 74.7 kPa;

g. Peak to peak vibration amplitude of the rotor is ≥0.25mm;

i. EH oil pressure decreases to 7.8MPa;

j. Power failure to DEH system;

k. Temperature at the steam exhaust port of HP cylinder rises to 432℃;

1.5 Thermodynamic calculation data of the steam turbine

TMCR VWO TMCR+3% VWO+3%