21st Century Literature q1 Module 2
21st Century Literature q1 Module 2
21st Century Literature q1 Module 2
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Compare and Contrast the Various 21st Century Genres from the Earlier Genres/ Periods
What Is It
Each literature genre has distinct sub-genres, structure and elements. Study
the table below:
Symbols
It is the use of symbols to convey ideas. A symbol represents various ideas or things at
one time. Like darkness or color black may symbolize death, uncertainty, failure, or an
end. A white rose may mean purity, freshness, new beginning, or death.
Couplet - 2 lines
Tercet - 3 lines
Quatrain - 4 lines
Cinquain - 5 lines
Sestet - 6 lines
Septet - 7 lines
Octave - 8 lines
On the next page is a sample of a free-verse poem which the author used
symbols and imagery to convey his thoughts and feeling.
18
Moonset at Central Park Station of St. Paul
Subterranean River National Park
John Iremil E. Teodoro
I nearly stepped on
a parrotfish
that was caught
by the low tide.
It was as big
as my slipper.
I picked
its slimy body
and returned it
to the sea.
In its
excitement it
forgot to thank
me
*[Teodoro, J. I. ](2016). Moonset at Central Park Station of St. Paul Subterranean River National Park. In N.
C. Moratilla. Claiming Spaces: Understanding, Reading and Writing Creative Nonfiction (pp. 6-7). Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House.
The given poem is free-verse and unmetered. It has no rhythm but it uses
alliteration, assonance, repetition, and symbolism.
alliteration : followed, flats, front
bother, back
dived, direction
horizon, hiding
perhaps, parrotfish
A. Fiction:
Fiction is a story of make believe. It is a story made by the author’s creative
imagination. It has various sub-genres like mystery, fantasy, suspense, historical
fiction science fiction, realistic fiction and folklore (myths, fables, legends).
To understand fiction and to write a good fictional story, you must be able
to identify and understand its elements that comprise the texts’ contents and
message the story wanted to impart to its readers.
Now, you will read a legend that tells how a great lake was formed. It was
retold by one of the writer’s former senior high school student who lived a in village
near Lake Sebu.
Located in South Cotabato, Lake Sebu is considered as the “Summer Capital of
Southern Mindanao” because of the cool weather and uphill location of the town. It is
the home of the T’boli, a tribe famously called as “Dreamweavers” because of their
colorful bead works and hand-woven cloth called T’nalak.
(A T’boli Folktale)
Activity 2: Let’s Take Note (Noting Details by Employing the Elements of Fiction)
7. How did the princess survived the flood made by the angry mythical frog??
(plot)
Fiction uses the basic elements of a story, namely; the plot, setting,
characters, and conflict , to convey its ideas.
Fiction follows the Freytag’s Pyramid to create an interesting and detailed
narrative. Below is an illustration of the story pyramid which consists also the
parts of a plot.
climax
rising action
falling action
exposition denouement
The following are the elements of short story according to Freytag:
1. Exposition tells about the background of the story. The information can be about
the setting, characters’ back stories, or historical contexts.
2. Rising action is the part of the story after the characters and setting are
introduced and events in the story begin to reveal probable conflicts that the
protagonist must resolve. It also involves events that lead to the climax of the
story.
3. Climax is the highest point of tension in the story. It is usually the most
interesting part.
4. Falling action is the part of a story after the climax and before the very end.
5. The denouement is the final outcome of the story and it is where other secrets
are revealed, if there is any.
The setting includes the time or period and place where the event
happened. The characters are the persons/ animals/ or any inanimate object that
functions as the protagonist, antagonist and other minor entities that perform the
actions, speak dialogue and moving the story along a plot line.
Conflict creates tension in the story and it involves the struggle of between
two opposing forces/ characters, usually the protagonist and the antagonist.
22
B. Non- fiction: Memoir
Nonfiction is a literary genre that tells about stories that actually happen in
real life. The sub genres of literary nonfiction are biography, memoir,
autobiography, journals, diaries, periodicals and references. These works of
literary nonfiction have character, setting, plot, conflict, figurative language, and
theme just like literary fiction, fiction and thriller or suspense. To interpret
fiction, we must analyze and interpret using the elements of fiction.
The story below was a personal account of the author about his ordinary
encounter with a Champorado vendor which made him realized how lucky he was.
Another Universe
C. Drama
A script may only come to existence once it is performed before an audience.
Its basic elements include the literary element (script), technical element (scenery
set, make-up, costume, lights, and sound) performance element (acting, character
analysis, character motivation…)
A script is a written text of a play. It is consist of the dialogues or words
that will be spoken by the actors and the stage directions which give
instructions about the position and movement of the actors and other aspects of
the set.
The technical element of a play is complicated. It includes scenery set, make-
up, costume, lights, and sound.
A scenery set can be chair, a house or a forest and other properties used to
identify the location and period of the dramatic production. Make-up is used in
drama to aid the actors in taking the appropriate appearance of the character they
play. Costumes are clothes, garments or attires worn by actors on stage to aid
dramatic actions and interpretations. There various types of lights used on stage. It
provides not only visibility of the actors but also creates and enhance the mood and
atmosphere. Sound can be produced by actors or by props, musical instruments,
and recorded music and effects that can help engage the audience and bring them
into another time.
Performance element includes acting, character analysis and character
motivation. Acting is the enactment of an actor or actress who portrays a
character, character analysis is evaluating the character’s traits, his/ her role in
the story, and the conflicts they experience, character motivation is the
element that drives the character to achieve his goal.
That is how complicated a drama is! It is more complicated than other genres
of literature because aside from the script, other elements must suit and work
together to the theme of the show and make the audience feel the plight of the
protagonist, antagonist and other characters in the story effectively.
Below is an excerpt from the script of a one-act play which is included in
the literary element.
The Adopted Healthy Baby
(Beat. Howell goes out. Mila continues boxing things. Her cell phone rings. Its ringing
tone is an ordinary one taken from her bag. She answers the call.)
Mila: Hello? Yes, Dad… No, were still boxing ma’am Mendoza’s things… Yes, but
Val texted he’s still caught in the traffic. An hour more, maybe … No, Benjie
is not with me. He’s still in the lab … He can’t force organometallics to
catalyse even if it’s for his thesis … No, don’t wait for us. You have to take
your medicine by seven. Eat your dinner now … Don’t start with your fish
bone story. You haven’t had a fish bone pulled from your throat since Benjie
was born … No, Val won’t join us for dinner. It’s a three -hour drive He has to
start back home after he gets his mother’s stuff … I don’t know about
Howell… Now, stop with your excuses, Dad we’ll have meat once your
arteries are de-clogged … Of course I won’t bend.
I don’t care if you hate fish. It’s what’s good for you now. And I already told
Manang to spy on you. So don’t you dare go out to have meat. (Laughs a
little) She’ll drag you back to the house with all the might of her sumo
wrestler weight … Dad, dad, listen. You know I have to keep you alive ‘til we
visit Mabel and MArnie at Texas next year. We’ll take Benjie with us then
show them where they were all convinced … (Laughs a little) Now don’t be
coy, Dad. Come on. Have fish for dinner, take your medicines, I’ll be home in
an hour. Bye, Dad.
(Mila terminates the call, returns her cell phone to her bag. She tries to carry the filing
cabinet. She gives up after two attempts. Them, she starts pushing it. Howell enters.)
26
Howell: Just three students.
*[Bucoy, L. P.] (2015). The Adapted Healthy Baby. In SyGaco, S. B. (2017). Writing Techniques in
Creative Nonfiction(pp. 14-15). Quezon City. Great Books Trading.
Pain is earthly and temporal Sacrifice is surely irrational Hope is hazily conv
27
2. Mobile Textula - It is a short poetry in a form of tanaga, that is sent
through SMS on mobile phone. It consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables using
(/)to end a line and (//) to end the stanza.
From: –
3. Flash Fiction MaryelKate
It is telling a story in a few words, usually about 100-1000
words or less. A flash fiction can be as short as Earnest Hemingway’s 6-word
Mamamaya’y
memoir, “For balisa
sale: baby’s / never worn.”
shoes;
Gobyerno’y aligaga /
The example below was written by former student to express a
person’s many
Salut facets as an individual:
na karamdaman /
They have knownHinde
him nalulunasan
as a weakling //and a loser. He never said a word or done a thing to defend himself or speak
“Stupid, unworthy, a menace….has no future..”
Those were his father’s words. He just shrug his shoulders and did what he
thought was the best to prove them wrong.
Ten years have passed and here I am waiting for my son’s return from Manila. There he is… accomplished, full-fle
28
4. Chick Lit - It is a heroine-centered fiction narrative; usually focus on the
trials of the protagonist. Below is an excerpt of a chick lit taken from
Wattpad. One needs to download the Wattpad App and the story to
experience reading chick lit.
It’s time to have a feel of the 21st century literary genres. Do the activities
below.
Activity 3:
3.1. Directions: Read and study the poem below and fill-in the chart.
Title:
Literary Genre:
Structure:
ELEMENTS: Line/s from the poem which show/s the element
30
3.2. Directions: Read and study the short story below and fill-in the chart.
Barom-Mai was an old and ugly king who lived in a kingdom called Calinan
in the Visayas hundreds of years ago. Although he was powerful, he was helpless
when it came to winning the love of his young bride, Madayaw-Bayho (daughter
of Tageb, king of the pirates).
Barom-Mai asked his advisers to help him win his bride’s love, and Matigam
(the wisest of advisers) told him about Impit Purok, a hermit who lived in a cave
in Mt. Apo.
They went to the hermit and he asked for three things: the egg of the black
tabon bird, twelve ladles of fresh milk from a white carabao without blemish, and
the nectar from the flower of the tree-of-make-believe.
The egg will be used to soften the bride’s heart; the milk, to make her kind;
and, the nectar, to make her see Barom-Mai as a young and handsome king.
The king finds the egg through the help of Pawikan, the king of the sea
turtles. He luckily gets milk from a white carabao the following breakfast, thanks
to his cook. Hangin-Bai, the nymph of the air, leads him to her sister, the wood
nymph who had the magic flower in her hair.
Barom-Mai gives the three things to Impit Purok, who asked him to prepare
a big feast after Barom-Mai wins his queen back, and to invite Impit Purok as the
king’s guest of honor.
Impit Purok mixes the three ingredients and instructs Barom-Mai to plant
the mixture in the royal garden. The morning after it was planted, a tree grew.
It had a sweet smell and its fruit tasted good. When Madayaw-Bayho was given
the fruit, she fell in love with Barom-Mai.
The king throws a big feast but forgets to invite Impit Purok. In retaliation,
Impit casts a curse upon the fruit: The sweet smell was replaced with a foul odor
while the smooth skin of the fruit was covered with thorns, which is how the durian
smells and looks today.
Source: Lacia, F., Libunao, L., Fabella, M & Buhain, V.(2016) The
Literature of the Philippines.3rd Edition. Rex Bookstore: Manila, p.126
Elements Aspects and Analysis
Plot (Synopsis)
Setting Time
Place
Theme
Characters and
Characterization
Main Character/s:
Other Characters:
Point-of-view Used
Atmosphere/ Mood
Narrative Time
Symbols Used
( You may use a separate sheet, if the space here is not enough for your answer.)
Activity 4: I Can Write
Try your writing skills by choosing one (1) task from the given tasks below.
Write on a separate answer sheet and submit it to your teacher with this module
(as needed).
1. Write an original poem and upload it in the internet using Facebook. It must
consist of 3 quatrains, must have rhythm or rhyme, and remember to use literary
devices to provide vivid description and intense feeling
2. Send your teacher a mobile textula through SMS. Write a poem using the
tanaga format about your feeling, ideas, opinions, love, or frustration about the
current pandemic and community quarantine. Remember to use / to end your
lines and // to end your stanza.
3. Write a flash fiction using 150 words with 1 setting and 2-3 characters about
your parents’ and your experience on they dealt with the scarcity of income during
the CoVid-19 Pandemic. .
Activity 6: Give ME...
Find time to access the internet. Search for samples of the 21st
century literary genres. Select one type and take a screenshot of it. Have it
printed and submit it together with this module.
Identify what is being described in each statement. Write your answer on the
space provided.
Additional Activities
Congratulations! You’ve come this far. You’ve learned a lot about the
different literary genres and their elements as well as their structures. To further
test your knowledge about our topic, do the activities below:
Activity 7: Blogged
Our country and the world are suffering from the COVID19 pandemic. Write
a blog about the effects of COVID-19 to our country, its economy, and its people.
Don’t forget to write about the lessons we have learned during this pandemic. End
your blog with a suggestion on how to deal with the effects of COVID-19. ( If this is
not possible, your blog can be uploaded on FB and make sure you tag your
teacher).
34
Activity 8: Voice Acting 101
The pandemic will not allow you to stage a drama, but you can still write a
two-minute script that can be performed as a radio drama. Do not forget to
incorporate music.
Your performance will be judged based on these criteria:
Criteria Score
Fluency 4 points
Voice Expression 4 points
Voice Projection (volume) 3 points
Creativity / originality of the 3 points
script
Character 3 points
Sound Effect and Music 3 points
TOTAL 20 points
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the
space provided before the number.
1. What are the four main genres in literature?
a. Poetry, fiction, plays, comedies
b. Poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction
c. Science fiction, epic poetry, horror, drama
d. Science fiction, epic poetry, horror, drama
36
11. It is a story that needs a detective to solve a puzzle or scenario
a. mystery
b. suspense
c. realistic fiction
d. historical fiction
12. It is a fictional love story set during a time in our past like The
Death March, Edsa Revolution and World War II.
a. mystery
b. suspense
c. realistic fiction
d. historical fiction
38
lOMoARcPSD|10759212
lOMoARcPSD|10759212